Pullman herald. [volume], November 11, 1910, Image 5

About Pullman herald. [volume] (Pullman, W.T. [Wash.]) 1888-1989

Image provided by: Washington State Library; Olympia, WA

                
MILK CONTAMINATION
. p Whitney, Former Dairy Instruc
tor, W. S. c.
Since there are so many sources of
m ilk contamination, it is of the great
est Importance that every precaution
should he taken in the production
a„,l handling of the milk to reduce
this contamination as much as pos
sible. The dust content of the air in
\_ e stable at milking time cat) be
"greatly reduced by observing a few
simplo rules.
, Curry and brush the cows
tally; a good time to do this is Im
mediately after milking in the morn
ing.
■ 2 If the COWS are kept in a lot or
pasture during the periods between
milkings, turn them into the; stable
awhile before time to gin milking
in order that tie- dust that is stirred
up by their movements may have
time to settle.
.3. See that there is no dust-laden
bedding under tie- cows. Nearly till
coWS will lift their feet more or less
during milking and the bedding will
be stirred up to a considerable ex
tent, always sending a cloud of dust
laden with bacterial lite Into the ait.
;"' 4. Do not feed bay or fodders of
any kind just before or during milk
ing, such feeds carrying a large
amount of dust. The proper time to
feed them is after milking is done.
Not only should the body of i he cow
be brushed at regular intervals to
prevent contamination of the stable
air, but the udder and parts sur
rounding it should be carefully
brushed in order that tilth and hairs
may not be shaken in the milk buck
"et at the time of milking. When tin
Udder and Hank has been carefully
brushed, the udder should be wiped
oil' with a damp cloth, so that tin
dust particles which have not been
removed will adhere to the coat of
the animal, If this method is care
fully followed, the contamination
from this source will be reduced to
. almost nothing. The milker should
have some special garment to she on
orer his working clothes while he is
Bilking. The garment should be
washed frequently, and should be
kept where it will not become laden
with dust. he hands of the milker
should he washed clean before he be
gins to milk, and at intervals during
milking if they become oiled, Rules
against, milking with wet hands can
not be too strictly enforced, as it is
one of the filthiest practices known
in the dairy industry.
The utrnsils used in handling and
caring for the milk should be made
of a good quality of tin. All seams
should be carefully flushed with sol
der and corners and sharp angles
should bo rounded out with solder so
that every bit of surface may be
reached with a brush during the
washing process., The following sys
tem should be used in washing da'ry
utensils:
: . Rinse with cold or luke warm
Water to remove all adhering milk,
wash thoroughly with a good brush
(never use a cloth) in warm water
containing soap, or some good clean
ing material, then scald thoroughly,
or better still, if steam is at hand,
steam them for four or live minutes.
i All utensils should then be Inverted
Jn a place free from dust and if pos
sible where the sun .will shone on
tin-in. as the sunshine is the best dis
infectant wo have.
, Tin- necessity of cooling the milk,
if a high grade product is desired,
should not be overlooked. As soon
as possible after the milk is drawn it
should be removed to a special room
or building where there is no chance
of further contamination from with
out. As has already been stated,
some bacterial life will have gained
access to tho milk despite the care
given in its production. After the
milk has been removed to a place
whore ii is protected from outside
contamination, the next Important
step is to. retard or stop the develop
ment and multiplication of the organ-
Isms already in the milk.
By studying these minute organ
isms (bacteria), it has been learned
that they have tin- power to develop
very rapidly. The progeny of a sin
gle organism will, under the most fa
vorable conditions number several
millions in 24 hours. As milk is an
Weal food for bacterial life it can
readily be seen that we must product
Auditions unfavorable to their devel
opment, or all of our work in protect
ing the milk from outside contami
nation will count for nothing. The
Plication of heat and cold Is being
Us"-'l quite extensively for this pur
**e, and the dairyman has to choose
tn e method best suited for his condi
; tions.
The application of heat lias not
Droved satisfactory, for the producer,
an Is seldom used outside of tin
j'arge factories and milk depots. The
"so of low temperatures on the other
and has given the best results, and
' 8 used almost exclusively. Various
tarms of bacterial life thrive best at
Afferent temperatures, but with the
■aajority of those that find a suitable
p Me for development, temperatures
f rona 70 degrees to 95 de
grees Fahrenheit seem to be the most
favorable for rapid growth and mul
tiplication, while ii the temperature
is-reduced to 50 degrees Fahrenheit,
or below, growth and multiplication
almost ceases. Milk which is allow
''''' to cool gradually to 50 degrees
contains several times tint number
of bacteria thai it does when it is
chill- Immediately ait, milking,
for i in- reason thai, in cooling from
tho body temperature of the cow to
the lower temperature slowly, it must
necessarily be within the temperature
limits tor rapid bacterial develop
ment tor a considerable period of
time. Ibis gives the bacteria time
to develop and multiply.
On 'lie other hand, if the tempera
ture Is reduced to 50 degrees Fah
renheit or below, as soon as possible
after it is drawn from the udder
there la little or no chance for an)
development to take place, in order
that tin- best results may be obtained
in cooling milk, the low temperatures
must, be constant after they are
leached, [or the bacteria are not de
stroyed it this temperature, and
when a favorable temperature Is re
stored they become as active as be.
fore, For this reason it is not ad
visable to mix tho warm morning's
milk with thai of the night before,
for in bo doing, the temperature of
the entire body of milk is raised, and
tin- bacteria which have accustomed
themselves to tie- lower temperatures
during the night are stimulated to
such an extent that they begin rapid
growth and multiplication. The time
that milk can be kept in a first-class
condition is therefore greatly lessen
eii. The milk producer, then, in
order to secure good resit It must be
I rovided with some method of rapid
ly cooling the milk to as near 50 de
grees Fahrenheit as possible as seen
as milked. The milk schould lie held
at that temperature in a sanitary
placo until delivered, when his re
sponsibility ceases,
Hit ll' PARAGRAPHS
W. S. Thornber, Horticulturist, State
College, Pullman, Wash.
If there is danger of winter Injury
or even fall injury, the cover crop is
very useful in the young orchard.
Since ihe dates of sowing be cover
crops and the best season for pruning
are so near together, we do not think
it makes much difference which Pre
cedes. Usually we commence to
prune for summer work about the
first of August and sow our covet
crops about the middle, One could
afford to cultivate at least once after
tlie last irrigation and then sow the
cover crop, providing there is suffic
ient moisture. The best way to de
termine when to prune is to examine
the buds in the "axils" of the leaves,
If they are pretty well developed,
summer pruning, especially on ap
ples and pears, may commence at
em c; that is, after the first of August.
In the case of pi aches, it is some
times advisable to wait a little lon
ger.
It. is not advisable to permit two
apples to touch etc another where
first-class apples are desired
Ordinarily a young orchard does
not need cover crops as badly as an
old or bearing orchard.
A much mooted question now is
whether or not there is any danger
of over-production of first-class ap
ples in the West during tin- next 20
years. 1 do not think there is, be
cause so many apples are being plant
ed which are not adapted to tin- sec
tions and soil, or tin- orchards are in
the hands of inexperienced growers,
or conditions are unfavorable in some
other way. Less than one-third of
the trees planted each year in Wash
ington, or the entire Pacific North
west, will ever set into full bearing.
Furthermore, the Increasing popula
tion and the opening up of new mar
kets wil have an Influence. A first
class apple orchard on good land will
1,,- a good thing always here in the
west.
The stamen Winesap, Delicious and
King David apples are splendid poll
enlzers for one another. Tin are all
good bearers and make good commer
cial apples, but are not very well
known in tin- commercial trade. The
Delicious is rapidly becoming popular
among those who know it. It is a
good bearer, and ships well. The
King Davis promises very well, but
has the bad habit of water-coring seri
ously in sections where there is a ten
dency to over-ripen. The Spitzen
berg, Winesap (common), and Yellow
Newton are all high class apples
tit the present time.
The green web or "fruit worm" of
the Pacific slope country car. be met
very well by spraying with arsenate of
lead next spring soon after blooming
time. Use arsenate nt lead or Paris
green for currant worms That is
much more effective than hellebore.
The lb 11--flower apple is apt to have
apple scab If there Is any in the
country.
To get rid of red spiders, use black
leaf, which is a strong preparation of
tobacco aid will kill insects. If this
is not satisfactory, try kerosene emul
sion. The tobacco spray is made by
using one pound of tobacco leaves to
four gallons of water and simmering
this for an hour, then straining. Two
pounds of tobacco dust or ground to
bacco may be substituted for the
leaves. Black leaf extract may be
used one part to 05 of water. A lit
tle lysol added to tobacco sprays.
greatly Increases their value and per
mits further dilution.
Relative to having clover and tim
othy among the trees, ordinarily we
prefer clean tillage for the first five
or six years. After that the grass
mulch system can be satisfactorily
used. Tin clover and timothy are not
in any way a loss to the orchard, pro
viding they are plowed under in the
fall.
Testa of Wheat
With a view of finishing up all of
the tests and experiments made dur
ing the summer just passed the ag
ricultural department of the W. S. C.
has heen busy on its annual report.
It has been found that over 10 va
rieties of wheal are produce),! in
Washington. Most of these are hy
brids. The bulk of wheat raised can
be classed under six heads: Bluestem,
club, hard red, red Russian, turkey
red and forty-fold.
The principal wheat raised in
Washington, and the one which is
most profitable to the farmer, is
bluest in. This variety Is produced
to a great extent in all the wheat
regions of the state. It was found to
flourish best, however, in Lincoln
county, the northern part of Adams
county, Douglas and Walla Walla
counties, as well as tie- central part
if Klickitat and the western part of
Denton and Yakima counties. It was
found to furnish more than half of
the wheat crop in these sections.
club is raised to the best advan
tage in the region between Dayton
and Walla Walla. It may be grown
in a paying way in almost any part
of the wheat section. Whitman, Lin
coln, and Spokane counties furnish
a fair region for its growth.
Almost the entire wheat crop of
Spokane county is that of forty-fold.
It is found to constitute almost 90
per cent of the crop in this county,
as well as a large per cent in Whit
man county The wheat has been cul
tivated mainly in the last tine years.
During this period it has almost sup
plemented the club, which was for
merly grown to great advantage in
Spokane county.
The red Rusian has been found to
be best adapted to the southeastern
part of the state. The center of this
variety is Pullman, in Whitman
county. In no section has it predomi
nated, It is. however, of an excellent
growth and will come to the front.
NORTHWEST NEWS
A combination of fifty farmers
who own 20,000 acres of lower Eu
reka Flat land near Walla Walla, is
now being formed that the entire flat
may be irrigated. The proposed pro
ject, which seems likely to be re
alized, will cost about $100,000 and
at a conference held at Slater recent
ly, attended by DI farmers, it was
announced that the irrigation will be
done. The land is too light for wheal
and under irrigation it can be used
for alfalfa or fruit.
Portland, On-., Nov. .",. Tin- opin
ion is gaining ground in the grain
trade that wheal prices are now at
the bottom. When this fact is assured
heavy buying can be looked for, and
already operations toward this end
have been started. The dealers, how
ever, are feeling the market rather
than taking hold. At the close today
club was quoted at 74 cents and blue
stem at 78 cents, but it was acknowl
edged large purchases could not be
made at these figures.
Walla Walla, Wash., Nov. 3—The
wheat weevil, common in the east,
but heretofore unknown here, has
been found in this section this sea
son in hard wheat. The weevil eats
out the inside of the grains and ruins
it for any purpose but cattle feeding.
It is thought the weevil came from
seed wheat imported from the middle
west. The wevil thrives best in damp
climates, and in this atmosphere if
warehouses are emptied frequently,
it may not be difficult of annihila
tion.
Olympia, Nov. 5 The biennial re
port of State Labor Commissioner
Charles F. Hubbard shows that wage
earners of Washington are found to
have been generally employed at
good wages, although the cost of liv
ing in the state leads to the conclu
sion that food commodities have ad
vanced much more rapidly than the
wages.
Darius Miller, SI years old, of
New Britain, Conn., is believed to
he lite oldest man in the state to
take mil ,i hunter's license this
season.
HOLLYHURST
(Copyright 1898 by the American Humane km
ucatton Society, all right* reserved.) l-übtislied
by special permission of tin American Humane
BducaUon Society.
CHAPTER Mil.
Two hogs.
One day Rose was riding on horse
back along one of the beautiful roads
in the Vicinity of llollyhurst, when
she met a small boy crying bitterly.
She stopped her horse and. leaning
from tlie saddle, inquired, "What Is
the matter, little boy?"
"Somebody's — scalded —my dog,"
he ausweerd, with a sob between each
word.
"Scalded your dog?"
Yes — orfully."
"Oh! oh!" exclaimed Rose. "Do
you know who did '.'"
"I guess 'twas a woman who lives
on the Endcrly road."
"What made her do it '.'"
"You see, he scares cats, and he
chased hern two thro times, and one
day In- hurt her some, and ho chases
hens, too; and she said she'd ire-,
even with me, and I s'poso she scald
ed him."
"Poor, poor doggie!" said Hose.
"I am so sorry for him. Hut I am
sorry for the cat. too. Couldn't you
teach him not to chase cats?"
"Well, I never tried till lately. 1
thought cats was no account, and 1
liked to see the sport, but seme I
met you and you wanted that kitten
so bad I tried to learn him, but he'd
'Keep lot-gel till' "
"It's the nature of a dog to chase
cats unless he Is taught belter. 1
don't think he was much to blame."
"No, he want to blame," said the
boy, bursting into a storm of sobs
"I'd — orter known— better —myself
— and now he's got to die."
When Rose saw the effect of her
sympathy upon the boy, she knew
not how to proceed. Her pity went
out to him, to the dog, and also to
the unfortunate cats and hens that
tin- latter had doubtless tormented.
At last she said:
"I can't believe he will die. Is he
so badly scalded as that
"I don't know, but pa said if he
didn't, die himself he'd have to kill
him. 'cause ma said she couldn't have
a sick dog around."
"My father is a doctor," said Rose,
after a reflective pause. "I will ask
him to come and see the dog. Where
do you live?"
The boy told her.
"It is not very far away; perhaps
he will come tonight. lie may know
of something to do that will help to
cure the dog."
The boy brightened a little tit this.
lie had not been taught to express
his thanks for favors, but Hose fell
instinctively that one who could so
grieve over a pet could not fall to ap
preciate a kindness. She turned her
horse about to go and find her fath
er, saying as she did so:
"Keep watch over your dog. Don't
let him get away, and don't let any
one touch him until papa sees him."
When she reached home, she found
that her father had not returned, but
she dismounted and waited for him,
and told him the story with eager
baste when he came.
"So you have secured mo a pa
tient," he said, when she had finish
ed. "If I have to visit all the sick
dogs and horses In the neighborhood,
I shall be as hardworked as I was
before coming here."
"Hut you will go, papa?" she re
sponded, Interrogatively, sliding her
hand into his; "I promised for you."
"Then 1 will go."
She lifted up her face and gave
him the "thank you" that ho liked
best.
As they sat, about the tea-table that
evening, the talk naturally fell upon
dogs.
"Mr. Ellis has quite a wonderful
dog,' 'said Reginald.
"Do you mean Mr. Bills who drives
a meat cart in Ashbrook," asked his
mother.
"The very one. The dog is a com
mon black one .not very large, and
not in any way remarkable in appear
ance; but he Is so faithful and intel
ligent."
"Do they call his Ebo?" asked
.ose.
"Yes, his name is Ebony; but tin-}
call him Ebo, for shortness."
"I have seen him following tin
cart."
"It is his duty to watch It while his
master goes Into the various houses
on the route. One morning Mr. Ellis
started out as usual, but he had not
gone far before he missed the dog.
When he went home at noon there
was no trace of him, nor did he re
turn through the afternoon. Toward
evening Mr. Ellis had an errand that
took him over a part of the morning's
route. He was very much surprised
to see Ebony sitting by the side of
the road. He looked closely and saw
that be was carefully guarding a
piece of meat. It had probably slip
ped out of the cart unnoticed, and the
dog, finding It too heavy for him to
carry, had dragged it out of the way
of passing carriages, and had sat
there all day faithfully watching it.
No one had been allowed to touch It,
and " had not taken bo much aa a
mouthful himself." ■
Oh, the good dog!" exclaimed
Hose.
"It would bo a pretty bard task
for a boy to do what lie did," said
Reginald, "to keep guard all day long
over a dinner just suited to his taste,
and yet not take even a bite."
"A task tor a boy or a man either,"
said his father.
"1 hope Mr. Bills gave him a very
good supper," said Rose.
"He did another quite remarkable
thing, only last week," continued
Reginald. "He was mlssln gfor two
days; it was a very unusual thing, for
ho la always at his post of duty, and
.Mr. Wilis began to feel alarmed about
him. At length some one remember
ed that he had not been seen since the
night that one of the carts was sent,
tor repairs. Mr. Ellis went to the
shop, and there under the cart sat the
patient dog. lb- greeted his master
with the wildest, demonstration! of
joy, and was found to la- ravenously
hungry; so it was supposed thai he
had not left the cart during the two
days and nights."
"Oh, rare fidelity!" said Mrs. Gard
ner, "that neither hunger nor thirst
nor any of the temptations that assail
dog nature could shake."
Alter tea Dr. Gardner started out
on his mission of mercy, and on his
return Rose was relieved to hear that
the dog. though considerably Injured,
would not die of it, and need not bo
killed, and that he had ordered some
simple remedies, and obtained a
promise from the boy's father not to
disturb him. After Rose went up to
her room. Dr. Gardner said to his
wife:
"The dog is a miserable little mon
grid and quite old; 1 think, perhaps,
ii would la- the kindest thing all
round to chloroform him, but the boy
clung to him so I hadn't the heart
to advise it. I suppose he is to that
boy all that Duke is to Reginald, I
mean to do something for the i,,,, he
has bad no training whatever, but I
think there is the making of a man
in him."
(Continued Next Week
GOOD STORIES.
"The most amusing story of an
American in Franco thai I ever
heard," said a recently appointed at
tache to the French embassy, "is
this."
"'A well-know French actor be-
AN INTERESTING ANNOUNCEMENT
Dr. Darrin, the Well Known Specialist,
to Make Pullman Another Visit
He Comes as a Messenger of Hope to
the Sick and Afflicted
0
Will Arrive Nov. 28th and Remain Till
Dec. 6th at Palace Hotel
While adverse to drawing the at
tention of our readers to any adver
tisement which partakes of a medical
character we feel more than justified
in over-riding his objection in regard
to the announcement In this Issue
of the coming visit of Dr. Darrln
to Pullman.
This far-famed physician, who has
achieved such a great reputation
throughout the coast and north
will soon favor Pullman with a visit
for the accommodation of those re
quiring t In- services of a, specialist.—
Dr. Darrin will arrive in Pullman on
Monday, November 28th, and will re
main until December >. His head
quarters will be at the Hotel Palace,
■■• hei he will give free consultation
to all.
Marvelous < 'urea
lb- conies laden with testimonials
from throughout the whole north
west, and the authentic reports of
some of his cures seem nothing short
of miracles. So many thousands are
already acquainted with his mode
of treatment it seems necessary only
to say that he perfects his cure by
his skilled mastery of disease,
His Specialties
His specialties embrace every
chronic disease to which the flesh is
heir. There is no pain or suffering
that In- cannot relit v.-, and in almost
every instance, cure. Sufferers from
tiny ailment, whether a disease, de
formity or abnormally, should not
fall to have his free critical opinion
of their condition. He tells whether
they can be cured, how long it will
take and what It will cost.
came involved In a discussion with
an American, grow heated, drew his
card from his pocket, threw it on
,l!" table with a tragic air. and stalk
ed out,
" 'be American regarded the card
ro some momenta, then took out his
fountain pen. wrote 'Admit bearer'
above the engraved line, and went off
tO the theater.' " Brooklyn Life.
Strolling along the boardwalk at
* l.ntlc City, Mr. Mulligan, the
wealthy retired contractor, dropped a
gui' ter through a crack In the
planking, a friend came along a
minute later and found him squatted
down, Industriously poking a two-dol
lar bill through the treacherous
cranny with his forefinger.
Mulligan, what the divvil ar-re ye
doln'?" inquired the friend.
"Sh-h," said Mr. Mulligan, "I'm
tryln' to make it wort' me while to
tear up this board."
Senator La Follette apropos of cer
tain scandals, said at a dinner at
Madison:
"These things recall the legislator
who remarked to his wife, with a
look of disgust:
" 'One el' those land lobbyists ap-
I proached me today with another in-
I suit in;' proposition.'
' The wife, a young and pretty wo
man, clapped her hands.
" 'Oh, good!' she cried. 'Then I
can have that sable Stole after all,
can't I dear?' "
Save Your
Coin
YOUR STORE PAYS ONLY 18 CTB
For Your 25c Coffee
Why not buy direct from the. Im
porters and save this difference of
seven cents?
If our coffee at 18 cents Is n-t as
good as any you are now buying at.
25 cents, you can return same at our
expense.
WE PAY I'ilE FREIGHT
NORTH PACIFIC SUPPLY CO.
IMPORTERS
TEA, COFFEE, SPICES, ETC.
802-303 Pacific ek
SEATTLE, WASH.
Let un mall You a Price List
Consultation Free
Consultation Is free, for should
there be any cases that are incurable
In- will Immediately discover them
and thus save his customers any fur
ther expenditure of time and money,
which they might otherwise squan
dor.
A Generous Offer
Dr. Darrin makes a liberal offer of
treat the worthy poor free of
charge between he hours of 10 and
ii a. di. daily, in accordance with
his time-honored custom.
Ices Reasonable
Unlike other physicians who have
become eminent in their profession,
the doctor's charges are extremely
moderate and reasonable, according
to circumstances ani ability to pay,
and in- will undertake any cases that
he can cure or benefit.
Dr. Darrln has an enviable record
in his profession as a wonderfully
successful physician. He is essential
ly original In his method of prac
tice, and those who have been under
'iis treatment ire surprised at the
newness ml novelty of his system
of practice by electricity. His honest
and straightforward advice before
taking a case has won for him the
confidence of his patients as well as
the general public. Tin- doctor Is a
gentleman of genial, social nature,
and bis private practice is marked
by the formation of a personal friend
ship with those with whom he comes
In professional contact. He Is with
out doubt one of tin- most thor
oughly qualified physicians now he
fore the public.