The Yakima Herald.
Volume I.
THE mat HUM
REED A COE Proprietors.
IMCKD KVKHV TIII HMDAI.
12.00 PKR ANNUM. IN ADVANCE.
AJitrUung Rates Ipoa Application.
E. M. Even, Editor and business Manager.
' PROFESSIONAL VARUS.
W. M. VMITB. I M. J. NUVKLT.
U. H. Attorney. |
WHITE A BNIVELY,
Attorneys at Law.
with County Treaiarer, at the Court
Boat#. North Yakima. Will practice In all the
•earte ef the territory. 1.
X. T. CATOS, I t. C. PARRISH,
Sprague. | North Yakima.
CATON A DARKISH,
Attorneys at Law.
practice In all the Courts of the terri
ftfy. Office ou Pint street, opposite the Court
Bouse. North Yaklm* W. T. 1.
JOHN G. BOYLE.
Attorneys at Law.
Will practice In all Courts of fhe Territory.
Office In First Nations! Bunk Building, North
Yakima. W. T.
t. a. BBsviß. | a. maas. | c. a. oasix*
REAVIS, MIKES A GRAVES,
Attorneys at Law.
J9»Will practice In all Coartsol the Territory.
Special attention siren to ail IT. 8. land office
kaslnesa. Offices st North Yakima and KUens
hargh. W. T. »
BDWARD WHITSON, I JOHN B. ALI.RH
rssD Parkis. Walla Walla.
North Yakima. |
ALLEN, WHITSON A PARKER,
Attorneys at Law.
garth Yakima. W. T. l _
8. 0. MORFORD,
Attorney at Law,
Practices In all Courts in the Territory. Es
pecial attention to Collections.
Office upstairs In Hill Block. North Yakima.
W. T. _
DAVID ROSSER, M. D.
seini been In active practice (or a mini
karof yea • now oflers bis services to the cltl
sans of North Yakima and community. All
calls answered promptly and he typos by dllll
ganl sttantlon to busmens to merit a libcnl put
ronsge. Office orerC. B. Busbnell's drug store.
T. B. GUNN,
Physician & Surgeon.
Office In First National Bank, first door up
•tain. Refers to W. A. Cox and Rshelman Bros ;
•Isa, to any citixen of Memphis. Mo. *
MISCELLANEOUS.
JT. M. HTOCT,
FORWARDING AND COMMISSION.
«fe.The handling of Yakima Produce (or
PagetHonud Markets a Specialty.
Warehouse west of Railroad Track, No. 8,
Block B. North Yakima. W. T. oil ly
Fire Wood & Draying.
I bars a Urge qnantltr of exealtont pla# and
ir cord wood amt Hr stab wood for nalc cheat*.
I aim ran two draya. and am prepared to do
hasting at reasonable dgorea.
Narth Yakima. W. T._
A. F. SWITZER,
Contractor and Builder,
MRTH YAKIMA, VT. T.,
Will Contract tor the erection of all claaaca of
Baildiuga, either Brick, Stone. Concrete, or
Wood, auA will complete the work boncatljr
M According to Agreement.
Rarsaasca: Flrat Nafl Bank of North Yakima.
Oflee, up etalre In Opera Honae. Offlce houra,
NOfiTH TAKIHA NUBBEBY
NORTH YAKIMA, W. T.
All klmla of
FINE FRUIT TREES
At moderate price,.
SHADE TREES A SPECIALTY.
k. ■. mmw, ■ * raw.
FIST nil BiM
of North Yakima.
BtBBCTOa*.
l. E. Lwwla, Wn. Kar. chaa. Carpenter, A. W.
Bagla, Edward Wbltaon.
li. KLawia, Bowaao Wmitpos.
rraaldant Vice President
W. L. Bteiswko, Caahler.
DOBS A ÜBNBBAL BANKING BUSINESS.
|B«ji ui Mb Eickiage at Reauuklt Rates.
I PAYS IMTBBBBT ON TIME DEPOSITS.
CiTuM
linewisSLipors
The Beet Brandt of
Imported snd Domestic Ciian
Boath Bid# Yakima Areas#.
NORTH YAKIMA, WASHINGTON TERRITORY, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 6, 1880.
Ckarartfr Mraj'l in Hats.
Did you observe, asks the St. Paul
filube, that a man’s disj»osition can la*
read by the style of hat he wears and the
way he rears it? Not so with a woman.
There is more diversity of style in wo
men’s hats than men’s. Rut a woman
always wears her hut according to the
way she bus her hair fixed up. So that
a woman’s hut can lie no index to female
character.
It is different with men. There is a
close intimacy between the styles of men’s
headgear and the science of phrenology.
The hat is the hump which intullibly de
notes the most prominent trait of char
acter. When a man buys a hut he is
governed in the selection by tlte jieculiar
organism of the brain. It doesn’t make
any difference whether the |iarticular hut
he selects is becoming to him or not, he
prefers it because he is built that way.
If he wears an unbecoming hat he is not :
responsible for it. A man never looks in
a mirror when he tries a hat on. A wo
man alwv.ys does.
The tall silk hat denotes financial abili
ty. Rankers, hotel dorks and |>olice re
porbTs always wear silk hats. Rich men
do not always wear silk hats, nor are men
who wear silk hats always rich. Still,
the silk hat is an unerring sign of calam
ity for handling finances successfully. It
isn't every man aho possesses financial
ability that gets rich, nor is it every man
who gets rich that jsissesses skill in finan
ciering. Not by a jug full. We state this
that the public mind may not get con
fused on these points.
The derby hat denotes energy. A man
who wears a derby always has the ap
pearance of lieing on the go. It is a
ready-for-all-occasions hat. It is at home
whether at church or on the base ball
grounds. The derby is a nobby little
cross between the silk and the slouch
It is an accommodating hat. The clergy
man looks well in h, and it fits the bar
tender to a “t.” And all the time it bus
a pushing go-abeaditiveness in its appear
ance that makes everything side-switch
when the derby passes by.
And then there is the slouch hat. Ah,
thore is the hat of lilsrty for you. The
slouch lint Is the original old commoner.
It is die hat for the masses—democratic
in style and republican in Its simplicity.
Therein nothing that symholixefi pure,
unadulterated Americanism so well as the
slouch hat. The slouch hat denotes
l iability. It is the unfailing index of gen
eral temperament. It means that the
wearer is a good fellow that will do to tie
to. He may lie a bank president or he
may be a cowboy, still you can rely on
his being a hale companion wherever yon
meet him, possessing sturdy independ
ence of character, and always ready to.
extend a helping hand wherever it is
needed.
The man who wear* his hat pcrpendlc
ularly, whether it in a tile, a derby, or a
slouch, haa the bump of self-esteem well
developed. He thinks that he is the up
j*er crust of the pie and la entitled to rec
ognition. The man who wears his hat
down over the forehead is a thoughtful
man. He is studious ami communes with
himself a great deni and sometimes in
clines to moroseness.
But the man who wears his hat on the
back of his head is the one who doesn’t
care whether school keeps or not. He is
independent and self-reliant, and one day
is with him as another. He takes note of
neither time nor individuals. He is usu
ally popular because he is always gener
ous. Sailors and soldiers and jockeys
and base ball players are not included In
this classification liecause they always
wear caps.
AfllKlTflEAL ■ATTOLS.
liftrutM f«r Pmem (’*«t.BipUli« bp*
iu ii Frail liming.
It may be of some use to j-ersons who
contemplate making a business of fruit
growing to have the benefit of experience
in assisting them to lay out their work at
the beginning. Location has much to do
with success, and character of soil is of
greatest importance. Let us talk over the
subject as to small fruit farms, that can
be mainly carried on with the labors of
the proprietor. For this purpose twenty
acres will fully suffice; ten to be forborne
lot, garden and pasture, and ten more to
he used for orchard work on a permanent
scale.
For fruit trees, river bottom, or sandy
loam on benches, answers well, perhaps
best of all when high enough to permit
of orchard work. For stone fruits such
land ia desirable. Pears do well, and ap
ples grow anywhere that other trees do,
at least of some varieties. The red hills,
with their marl subsoils, are excellent for
fruit, any exposure answering for most
fruits; peaches require a sunny spot, if
possible. Gravelly lard on sandy loams
may not need under draining, but a clay
subsoil does, and unless the under soil
is loose enough for water to work through,
it ia best to nnder drain. Land of tiiis
impervious nature of subsoil needs to 1«
deeply plowed and subsoiled, and also
well under drained. It may cost SSO or
more an acre to pat land in the best con
dition to plant trees, bdt the first good
crop will pay ft buck and every success
ive crop will pay tor it by extra product
ion over and above what it could other
wise yield, and the .quality of the fruit
will be much better. Ten acres well cul
tivated and under drained will pay more
profit than twenty that ia not so. It is
like all other business or work; unless a
good foundation is made, there ia no use
to build a good house.
If a man has only five acres and wants
to plant an orchard he can make that
much ground carry enough to yield, in
time, 100U to 2000 bushels of fruit. He can
cultivate all of it in garden stuff until the
trees are in fair tearing, say four years,
ami if ho has put his ground in good
order there will lie. plenty of fruit after
that to pay his wav, though he can con
tinue to raise some things for family use
in among the trees. For varieties he must
depend considerably upon the soil and
locution. Stone fruits chiefly for sandy
loam. For heavy land, in gasl condition.
a variety of all fruits. On live acres of
gissl land a man cun make a fair living,
and in six years will have trees capable
of yielding 1500 bushels of fruit. While a
man can take care of ten acres of orchard
and do all the work, excej»t in the fruit
season, when he will need some one to
I help him, he can amuse himself consid
, erubly with live acres, and need not have
| any idle time. Five acres will abundant
ly repay all the time one man can expend
on them.
In planting prunes— oh this is par ex
celleuce a sujierinr prune region—don’t I
plant tree* grafted on native stock, but on
l*»‘*h, or Home stock that will not send up
suckers, or sprouts. It is a great disad
vantage to have the ground full of plum 1
sprouts, and you can hardly keep them 1
under. There seems to he no difference
in fruit, as those who have prunes on na
tive stock and on peach declare those on
peach are, if anything, to lie preferred.
A man can build a drier to correspond
with his fruit emp, ami, any manr can
build a drier if he cannot afford to buy
one. If he would lie independent he
should cureall his fruits, and plaice no de
pendence on the market for green fruit.
He cannot afford to grow cherries, as they
are not profitable to dry; apples are not
worth enough, green or dried, to pay for
the labor expended; pears are not profit
able, compared to prunes. The paying
fruits may lie summed up as prunes ami
I>eaches; the latter will sell green. Of
prunes, Italians and I'etites, or French, |
are the hardiest trees, liest lienrers, |
and most salable For his cured
prunes the grower must soon take
six to eight «enls, and be satisfied, and
as ho can pay all expenses, interest
on investment, cost of gathering, dry
ing and {lacking nicely for 2‘* cents, he
w ill still clear ft cents a {siund, which on
mature trees will yield a net profit of s2fto
to t40,» an acre. Small fruits can be
grown for some years among orchard
trees and will soon liegin to pay profit.
The man with a few acres, ami who lives
near some live town, can make well on
small fruits. Whoever will raise No. 1
products can get fair pay lor it. Times
are fairly good, and excellence will al
ways command coin.
K Bad Man.
A tough from New Mexico, who called
himself “The Terror of Bloody River,”
struck our town the other day with a wild
yell and started in to foreclose on a mort
gage. The Imya were mostly asleep or
out shooting jack rabbits, but it wasn't
over seven minutes after the Terror uttered
his first whoop that he lay a wilted daisy
on the street. The coroner counted eigh
teen bullet holes in his body anil humbly
observed that there was no call for an in
quest. The age of the terror has passed.
There was a time when it was considered
real funny for a tough to capture a town
and pop over a dozen leading citizens, and
his picture was certain to api>car in some
illustrated paper as a hero, but that time
has gone by. Terrors have become dog
cheap and no one wants to buy. The
coroner has our thanks for his kindness
toward us in this particular case. We
are trying to grow some catnip and aspar
agus in our back yard, and he gave us
the body of the terror as a fertilizer. We
would like three or four more and trust
that our friends will be on the lookout to
supply us .—Arizona Kicker.
Washington territory contains 60,994
square miles, of which there is an area
of 1,576 square miles of tide water and
1,902 miles of shore line inside the terri
tory. The territory contains 44,796,bi0
acres of land, of which about 20,954,090
acres are yet unsurveyed. There has
l«en scarcely anything done by the pres
ent administration to advance the mate
rial interest of any of the territories. It
is hoped and expected that the incoming
administration will not only admit Wash
ington and other territories that are qual
ified, but will survey their unsurveyed
lands, give them good mail service, and
public buildings in towns of sufficient im
portance and slxe. “The pioneers of the
land”—those who pushed to the frontier
of the “Far West” and braved its hard
ships and perils, o)*ned now fields of
wealth and paved the way for civilization
and development—should receive a just
recognition of their efforts by the govern
ment—Walla Walla Union.
Germany' has Rent a military officer
over to inspect our harlior defenses. He
mill probably be paneled to find any. If
he knows where they are the American
people would like to find out aleo. The
New York WorUf tmya: “The coast of
the United (Hates is utterly defenseless
and invites attack. Foreign ironclads
can enter any port of this country between
Maine and Texas, far enough at least to
bombard and destroy the cities and bring
this nation to its feet. The navy is weak
ness itself. Most of the new ships are on
paper, and there are too ironclads. Tof
pedoes and dynamite guns cannot, un
supported, keep.out the armored ships of
an enemy.”
A STRANGE STORY.
The Wonderful Transformation of t
Woman.
A Swift? Bfilf Bff*an i Inun In-Altrr
Lilias f«r Tat Vnn u a Miff. Hr it
lurifd U • Prrtty Sir).
Waterloo, la., Jan. 30.— Just before
the dvll war there located in tl»e town of
Rroadhead, Win., a Dr. Burnham, who
came from Ft. tawrence county, N. Y.
Mr. Rurnhum wan at thin time the happy
father of two children. He wait a well
to-do physician, and the fact of hia lieing
a phynciaii may lead Home to place the
(•lame of an unfortunate circumstance in
the life of his daughter upon him. Ellen
was a remarkable little child, a dark
brunette, and a sort of tom-boy creature,
extraordinarily bright, and possessing pe
culiar charms for her companions. At an
early age she developed a special adapta
bility for music, and waa placed as soon
as her age would |«rmit, in a seminary at
Rroadhead. her father ami friends taking
great interest in her success. Fhe soon
became a leader among her woman friends
and an accomplished musician, frequent
ly giving concerts at Rroadhead and sur
sounding places. Fhe was petted and
coaxed by her acquaintances and friends,
liossessing many admirers and not a few
suitors.
While beautiful Ellen was at her social
xenith L. W. Powell, editor and proprie
tor of the local paper in Broadhead, be
came her envied and accepted lover. The
courtship that followed was happy and
joyous, an<l after some time they were
married. They lived together for two
years, to all ap(>oarances happily. At
this time the war waa in progress and
Mrs. Powell took a trip to Washington,
intending to visit some friends then liv
ing at the capital. Mr. Powell disa|>-
I wired, and it is supioaed lie enlisted in
the Federal army. Mrs. Powell while in
Washington moved considerably in socie
ty, anil attracted much attention for her
social gills and the strange undetermina
ble masculine impression which she gave
to those who mot her. This seemed de
veloping In her at this time. Her voice
liecame more voluminous and a slight
downy moustache was perceptible on her
upper lip.
The attention of the United State* Se
cret Service was finally centered on Iter,
and she wa* spotted as a supposed Con
federate spy, masquerading a» a woman,
i Nothing; waa done, however, farther than
to keep her under strict surveillance.
After remaining in Washington for aev
eral months she started to return to Broad
head, but waa overtaken at Chicago aftd
arrested by government detectivea,
charged with iwing in the employ of the
Confe«leracy oh a spy. This waa a cir
cumstance which to tier future life meant
more than the discovery of liia strange
compound by Dr. Jekyll meant to that
unfortunate being in the role of Mr.
Hyde. A complication of affairs waa
brought about by this arrest which re
aulted in a necessity for the examination
of the prisoner, Mrs. Powell, to ascertain
hew sex.
The examination was made by Dr.
Bruinard, professor of anatomy in Rush
Medical College at Chicago, the best
anatomist at that time in that city. The
examination resulted, more particularly
from the circumstances surrounding the
priaoner, in a most astounding issue.
Having lived two year* ns the wife of
Powell, the physician informed her that
she was not a woman but a man, and that
a surgical operation was necessary. The
proaecution waa dropped liy the Secret
Service and “Mr. Powell,” after the ope
ration mentioned, remained in Chicago
until convalescent and then, assuming
male attire, os made necessary by the law,
proceeded to Broadhead with a broken
heart and crushed spirits.
No divorce was necessary, as the devel
opment of the above facts made her mar
riage with Powell ipso facte void. “Mrs.
Powell” now became Mr. M. C. Bum
ham and entered upon the duties of a
man. He engaged in business, was suc
cessful, made a comfortable fortune, de
veloped a moustache and later a full
beard, and again began to figure in soci
ety, this time, however, as a man. Bum
ham l>egan to give his attention to Ger
trude Rvarts, living at Broadhead, Wis.,
who was acquainted with the early his
tory of the man, and who in fact had
been in Burnham’s female life a girl
friend and chum at the seminary. They
were married and removed to Waterloo,
lowa, whore Burnham entered upon an
active career, erecting an opera house in
this city, establishing a drag store, and
taking part in all public movements. He
soon liecame a highly respected and es
timable citizen. He was at one time
*n)ierintendent of the Congregational
Sunday school here and very much liked.
He waa also a very prominent music
teacher at the same period, and so far as
his outward life and appearance were con
cerned Burnham was a type of perfect
manhood. He left here several years ago
and w~nt to California, whet* he is now
living on account of the 111 Health of hia
wife.
A full account of Powell’s after career
is not available. Suffice it to say that
the one-time successful journalist and the
huslmnd of the beautiful Ellen Burnham,
as told in a dispatch to the World, was
found in the gutter at Chicago recently, a
j common drunkard and vagabond, ar
rented and fined $6 for disorderly conduct,
but the fine vu remitted by the judge
when some of the circumstances of Pow
ell’s life were brought to his knowledge.
1 Initihl Sitpr Ma i Drukinl.
In )M>verty and exile, friemlless and
penniless, lima di Murska, the queenly
singer who at one time held two conti
nents captive, has passed away. In the
outskirts of Munich, in the cabin of an
humble peasant, died the woman who
hail lieen a favorite of the richest court
of Europe. Her charming simplicity of
life when a girl; her voice, pure and
powerful; her acting, ingenuous and
truthful, ha«l won her the friendship of
the Archduke Frans Karl, Hamburg's
most magnanimous son. Honors were
lavished with unstinted hand upon her,
and from the provinces she went direct
to the Vienna capital. Her tour through
the world sulisequently was a veritable
triumph. There was a sunset, however,
in her life, and it came prematurely.
Her marriage proved her ruin. Unhappy
in her home, she carried her troubles with
her on the stage, and clouds soon began
to settle about her. She sought vU«f in
stimulants, with the same result as had
attended so many before her who had
tried the same remedy. It was not long
until poverty sUfred her in the face, and
with a madness begotten of desperation
the |irima donna became an inveterate
drunkard. People who once applauded
her and courted her nod passed her by in
her shabby dresses, and none of them
ever thought of inquiring If a crust of
bread might not be acceptable to the one
who had once ruled them. Last summer
site spent in this city, and on one occa
sion Manager Amberg took pity upon her
and engaged her to appear at Terrace
garden. Her last article of furniture had
been pawned to make herself appear pre
sentable. She came upon the stage stag
gering. The people turned away in dis
gust and she retired heartbroken. Later
on some friends made up a purse and sent
iter to Europe, where she had remained
unknown until the cable of Thursday an
nounced her death. —Philadelphia Timet.
TIE »mTrifm!IC~TBKBE.
fwatnctiM i> PuM u UpUl) u Prn
ian MrUtn.
Washington, Jan. 24.— 1n a report upon
the naval appropriation bill the house
committee on naval affairs summarises
tlie present condition and future pros
pecta of the navy of the country. The
report says: With regard to the new
navy congress seems to have settled upon
a policy of appropriation towards its con
struction of about fti,ooo,ooo per annum.
Your committee believe this will build up
the navy as fast as prudence dictates.
Our navy department and our ship-build
ers are utilising, as for as may be, the
knowledge acquired from the costly exper
ience of other nations, but they most ac
quire experience of their own. Great haste
on the part of the government would result
in confusion and waste, and most probably
in combination instead of competition
among ship-builders. Besides it would
be an easy matter in this country to
build ships more rapidly than we cotffd
supply them with armament of domestic
manufacture.
Satisfactory progress is being mode by
private contractors for supplying the
heavy guns and armor plafe forging and
for rapid fire machine guns, and, says the
committee, it will be seen that congress,
by the bill we report, will have taken the
last step necessary to render the govern
ment absolutely independent of the world
in the matter of building and equipping
the navy. It has been the constant aim
of the committee and of the department
to provide for ships the best of their class
and guns equal to any in the world.
There is ample competition among bid
ders for the construction of engines and
machinery, and in this American enter
prise and ingenuity seem likely to lead
the world.
bCmuptiN htiraUeT
Read the following: Mr. C. H. Morrin,
Newark, Ark., says: “Was down with
abeccas of lungs, and friends and physi
cians pronounced me an incurable con
sumptive. Began taking Dr. King’s New
Discovery for consumption, am now on
mv third bottle, and able to oversee the
work on my farm. It is the finest medi
cine ever made.”
Jem Middle wart, Decatur, Ohio, says;
"Had it not been for Dr. King’s New Dis
covery for consumption I would have died
of lung troubles. Was given up by doc
tors. Am now in best of health.’*
Try it. Sample bottles free at C. B.
Bushnell’s drug store.
Ekctrir Bitten.
This remedy is becoming so well known
and so popular as to need no special men
tion. All who have used Electric Bitters
sing the same song of praise. A purer
medicine does not exist, and it is guaran
teed to do all that is claimed. Electric
Bitters will cure all diseases of the liver
and kidneys; will remove pimples, boils,
salt rheum and other affections caused by
impure blood; will drive malaria from
the system and prevent as well as cure
all malarial fever*; for core of headache,
constipation and indigestion try Electric
Bitten. Entire satisfaction guaranteed
or money refunded. Price 60 cents and
$1 per bottle at C. B. BnshneU’s drug
store.
—Call and inquire prices of saddles,
bridles, harness, etc., at C. E. McEwen’s
before purchasing elsewhere. •
MANY WAYS TO WED.
Tks Qaeer Lais and Cnstoms of tie Good
Old Days.
Ancient ud Modern Rites Why the ring b
worn -Jewish marriage Ceremonies how .
the uninvited Guests Took Revenge
Adam would probably never have mar
ried if he had been compelled to hunt
around the preaent Allegheny county court
buildinga to find the little back room of
the register's office, where he would be
obliged to pay hla half dollar and swear
to more things than he ever dreamed of
before he could get a marriage license.
He would certainly have been in a bad
fix when he came to nwear that Eve was
of fall age, or to produce the written con
sent of her father and mother. It is safe
to say that he would have given It up
and died an old bachelor. Yet without
minister, magistrate, register or other
official intervention, the marriage of
Adam and Eve waa such that it would
have stood the tent of the old English
common law.
From earliest times the various states
of society have imposed regulations for
the observance of this solemn contract.
For marriage is simply a contract, excej*
that the parties cannot now change or ter
minate it by mutual consent, as they can
all other contracts. There is in the Royal
library of Paris a written contract made
in 1297, between two persons of noble
birth in Armagnal. The husband and
wife were hound to each other for seven
years. It was also agreed that the parties
should also have the right to renew the
tie at the end of that time if they mutual
ly agreed; but if not, the children were to
be equally divided, and if the number
should chance not to be even, they were
to draw lota for the odd one.
The Roman church alone regarded mar
riage as a sacrament, but all the other
churches recognised it as a divine insti
tution, and, accordingly, every denomi
nation has provided religious services for
its solemnisation. Ho strong a hold did
the church in England gain upon it that
fur a long time the regulation of marriage
and divorce was almost exclusively under
the church’s jurisdiction.
Among the Romans there were three
ways of obtaining a wife—by capture,
sale or gift. When a Roman bought a
wife, arid this was the usual way, the
ceremony that followed was merely gone
through with for the sake of having in
disputable evidence of the aale. The
head of the family had to give tier over to
the husband in the presence of witnesses,
and it is from this that we now have the
custom of giving away the bride. Before
the period of Rome's greatness the parties
could dissolve the marriage by mutual
consent. When they wished to terminate
the contract they usually went before an
altar and in the presence of witnesses
declared the marriage at an end. At and
after the time of Rome’s greatness the
marriage was indissoluble. The Roman
huslmnd took his wife, not as her hus
band, but as her father. Hhe came into
bis family the same almost as an adopted
daughter. Originally the husband had
absolute and complete control over her
and her property. Even after his death
she was subject to any guardianship that
he might have appointed for her dur
ing his lifetime. But a change came in
her condition, and came as changes usu
ally come, from one extreme to another.
The wife waa now subject to the tutelage
of guardians appointed by her own family.
This tutelage gave to her a very independ
ent position as to her separate estate and
person.
Before this change came, and even aft
erward. there waa exercised among the
Homans complete tyranny by the head of
the family. As head of the family the
eldest male was always the head. He
liad power not only over relatives, bat all
I |«n*ons connected with bis household
I and his children’s households. While
the father lived his son was subject to
him, although the son mighi be 40 years
old and have a large family of his own.
The grandchildren were subject to the
grandfather the same as their own father.
The family was then regarded much
as we now regard the individual. If a
member committed a crime the whole
family were held responsible, and it was
perfectly lawful for the injured family to
get revenge or satisfaction, even if H were
necessary to exterminate the whole
offending family. This was carried to
such an extent that sometimes whole
families were destroyed.
The blood feud, and it waa well named,
descended from father to son. It was to
the Roman, in effect, what the inherited
curse was to the Greek. The feud was
kept up not so much for the sake of pun
ishment as to prevent the supposed lia
bility of the offending family to commit
fresh offenses. With all their peculiar
customs in regard to the family, it must
be said to their credit that they never to
any extent practiced polygamy.
If the Romans did not countenance
polygamy, the Hebrews did; and they
bad a more peculiar custom. There was
a law among them called the Levirate,
which means brother-in-law, and accord
ing to this law. at the death of the hus
band, the next oldest unmarried brother
in-law of the widow married her, if there
were no children. In this way the wile
of tbs eldest brother might, in course of
time, have been the wile of all the broth
ers. This cpstom afterwards extended to
many of the Western nations, but the
Number 2
marriage took place whether there were
any children or not. There waa another
kind of marriage called polygnia, and,
like the Levimte, in extended to the
western countries. This, however, did
not gain much foothold among the He*
brews. Polygnia waa simply polygamy
reversed. According to it the woman waa
the head of the house, and might have as
many legal husbands at one time as she
pleased. Her children bore her name
and recognised her as the bead of the
house.
Some of the customs attending a He*
braic marriage were peculiar. The bride
groom dressed himself in the most gorgeous
style he could command. He next per
fumed himself with frankincense and
myrrh. Then be went forth covered with
garlands, or, if be were rich, he would
wear a circlet of gold and ride a gayly
caparisoned horse. He was attended to
the bride’s house by his groomsmen, mu
sicians, singers and torch-hearers. The
marriage was always celebrated at night,
and the bridesmaids were {xovlded with
lamps to meet the hridegoom when be
came. On his arrival he found the bride,
bridesmaids and company awaiting him.
As soon as the actual ceremony was over
the entire party returned to the bride
groom's house with great rejoicing. When
they reached the house they partook of
Ibo wedding feast. The festi&es usually
lasted during fourteen daySl The groom
not only furnished the feast, but the
robes of tuose who took part in the cere
mony.
Pioneer marriages in this country, not
a century ago, had some resemblance ton
Hebrew wedding. In those days the
marriage was the cause of a great deal of
excitement and the whole neighborhood
was usually invited. As the houses of
the bride and groom were generally far
apart, the groom started early in the
morning on a horse as highly caparisoned
as the times would allow. He was at*
tended by his groomsmen. The marriage
generally took place before noon to enable
the whole party to return to the groom’s
home before dark. The home journey
was not always without incident. If any
persons were net invited to attend they
were nol at all backward about felling
trees in the road, piling up all kinds of
hinderances and firing off guns to scare
the horses. Severe injuries were thus
frequently caused, but bravely borne.
When the party were within a few miles
of the house a bottle race was arranged.
Two persons were chosen for this danger
ous ride. The most impassable road was
selected, and the riders started for the
bouse. Pell-mell they went over all kinds
of obstacles and when the fortunate one
reached the house he was handed the
much-prised black betty, as the whisky
bottle was then called. He then returned
to the party, and after giving each of the
groomsmen and even the bridesmaids a
drink be pot the bottle in his jacket for
future referenc- When the boose was
reached a feast was ready for the party,
who were usually hungry after the long
ride. The festivities were kept up all
night, till broad daylight, when the feast
ended.
The ring which if now to commonly
uaed at marriage ceremonies was origin
ally, in England, made of iron adorned
with adamant. Being hard, it was sup
posed to signify the durance and perpetu
ity of the contract. The eminent Swain
burn speaks about this ring: “ Howbelt,”
he said, “it skilleth not at this day of
what metal the ring be made of; the form
of it being round and without end doth
import that their love shall circulate and
flow continually. The Anger on which
the ring is to be worn is the fourth finger
of the left hand, neat unto the little fin
ger, because there was supposed a vein of
blood to pass from thence unto the heart.'*
—Pittsburg DupaUh.
A defier’s fcsfly WeriL
Chkykkne, Feb. B.—News was received
here to-day of a singular fatality, by
which four Chinamen lost their lives.
They were in Caynoo City, neai the Yel
lowstone park, and Yet Bing had estab
lished a washhouse in a tent, directl;'
over a boiling spring. He had hot water
constantly, and was doing a good busi
ness in the new mining town.
Wednesday, be and three other moo
gollans, who came (rom adjoining cam pa,
celebrated Chinese new year. They
burned firecrackers and offerings to Joes,
and wound up by getting <L*unk. Yet
King had been cautioned about the boil
ing spring, and told it might be a slum
bering geyser. For this reason bio wash
tubs were kept on the other skis of the
tent, so that no soap might disturb the
quiet of the boiling water. No one knows
how Yet Sing's box of laundry soap got
over turned into the boiling spring, but
it is more than probable that some mis
chievous person emptied the soap into the
slumbering geyser. That night there was
a sadden spouting of boiling water, flying
through the air, and some piercing yells.
Miners rushed up and found a geyser
pouring water to the heighth of 100 foot.
The bodies of four Chinamen, scalded to
death, were found later, some distance
from the scene. The geyser spooled foa
three hours and then subsided.
—C. E. McEwen is now offering sad-*
dies, bridles, harness and everything in
his line at prices not to be duplicated this
side of Portland. •
—Why will you cough when Shiloh's
Cure will give immediate relief. Met
10 cento, 60 cento and sl. For sale by C.
B. Busline!!, druggist,
• *