The Springfield herald., February 19, 1897, Image 2

About The Springfield herald. (Springfield, Baca County, Colo.) 1887-1919

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-c is believe
.iubs will be fc .ae ».
mum amount of capi.ai *equire<l by
national bank is fixed at $20,000.
Wild Hog, a Sioux brave, has left
the reservation and gone to New York
"to study civilization.” He had likely
heard the boys reading about the See
ley dinner.
The talk about putting inventors on
the government’s paper money has
been bad for Inventor McCormick, in
that it has brought out an assertion
that he did not invent his reaper.
Many an inventor is in oblivion while
some richer man is getting the game
that belongs to him.
A New York man called on a magis
trate the other day and asked for a
writ to compel his wife to support
him. When the request was refused
he volunteered the statement that he
"might just as well not be married at
all if there is no way to compel a wom
an to do her duty.” Is this the "new
man?”
The freed men of the Cherokee nation
will soon be paid their share of the
strip money. There are 4,470 of them.
They are building a pay house at
which they are to receive their por
tions. They are also building a hotel
to entertain the visitors and sight
seers. It will be one of the most no
table gatherings ever held in the ter
ritory.
The sacred privilege of minister and
magistrate who marry people to kiss
the bride was rudely Interfered with at
Shelbyvillo, Ind., last week. Charles
Comlln and Daisy Johnson were made
one by Squire Thomas Kenton and the
Justice saluted Mrs. Comlin in the good,
old Hoosier fashion. Then Comlin gave
the squire a biff in the eye and refused
.to pay fpr the services just rendered.
So ’Squire Kenton is out a doctor bill
and a $5 note.
A clergyman speaking in his pulpit
recently gave utterance to the often
repeated declaration that no man ever
honestly accumulated a million dollars.
His mistake was in neglecting to spec
ify employments. The statement would
perhaps be true that no man ever hon
estly earned a million dollars laying
bricks, but it Is also true that a man
could honestly earn a million dollars
by his services in caring for great in
terests worth a hundred millions.
There has been at least one Instance in
which a man was paid during a few
years three times a million dollar's for
exceptional service in behalf of vast
pecuniary interests, and not one of the
wise business men most interested
found fault with this valuation of the
honest and faithful work he had done
Bank robbers and highwaymen alsc
often accumulate vast fortunes.
According to the recent annual report
of Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries
Brice, no less than 48,000,000 shad eggs
were collected, and from those 83,000,-
000 fry were planted into streams emp
tying into the Atlantic ocean and the
Gulf of Mexico. The incroase in shad
eggs collected was 30,000,000 over the
previous year and if a bill now before
congress is enacted into law auxiliary
stations will no established on most ol
the important rivers of the Atlantic
coast, and result in an immense in
crease in the output of this species. The
output of lobster fry was 97.000.00 C
against 72,000,000 for the previous year
and Commissioner Brice says that there
is little doubt that the output in an
other year will be increased more than
100 per cent. "While the attempt tc
keep up the constantly decreasing sup
ply of mackerel along the New England
coast was more or less experimental,
24,000,000 eggs were collected. Thirty
one million tautog clam eggs were col
lected in Buzzard’s bay and 17.000.00 C
fry’ were liberated from them.
An exchange states that France has
lately been flooded with foreign copper
coins, especially those of Grocce and
the Argentine Republic. This has
brought about an acute crisis, leading
to riots and fights in Lyons and Mar
seilles. The matter has been laid be
fore the chamber, but the government,
although taking prohibitive measures
against the circulation of foreign copper
coins, refused to be held responsible.
The municipal council of Bordeaux has
Just passed a resolution calling upon
the government to withdraw the money
from circulation by paying it at par.
One of William Waldorf Astor’s
cousins Is a servant girl in a Missouri
hotel. Mr. Astor has gone to England
to live because, he said, "a gentleman
cannot live in America.” Since his
chambermaid relative has inherited a
fortune she may join her aristocratic
cousin and wed some one of the rayol
blood of Europe.
Up to date no one has recalled the
fact, it seems, that Congressman Riley
Hall of Missouri lfeked the stuffing out
of Congressman Money in a committee
room at Washington last winter.
(???) FROM THE ARID LAND.
'll Cnn Ito Ovcrcumi' by Suitable
Mottioit* of Cultivation.
is quite apt, judging from tin*
cos of the political press, to lin
ie railways and fanners always
against each other in a stern
»r supremacy. That this is not
Jie case is evidenced by the re
* work in agricultural educa
•h Is being prosecuted by sev
•ie great railway lines which
the sub-humid belt, in which
I large portions of the Da
braska, Kansas, Oklahoma,
several other states. In tills
region the rainfall is so
o make farming by ordinary
most precarious business,
s ns often as seven years in
ic record iu some localities,
res result, not from any de
ertility of the soil, but from
*urlug the early Nil's a sttc
uioisi seasons gave these
reputation of being the
-adisc. The railway trains
ler the loads of outgoing
d incoming Immigrants.
» “boomer” and real estate
cut flourished apace. Mll
ars from Europe and our
i states were Invested here
" that in these new coin
the history of lowa and
to be repeated,
ling prevented the fruition
, es—the climate. After a
,',f tillage the soil became
to retain moisture. This
•d with a rather drier type
brought ruin to the sub
.l 'File railways gradually
cam *lght, infrequent and un
profitable trains; the farmers left the
country in great numbers, and those
who remained maintained a losing
fight against the odds of scanty rain
fall and hot winds. It seemed that the
country was doomed to revert again to
the state of a sparsely settled region,
exclusively devoted to stock raising.
But now come these Western rail
way lines with the great grain com
panies of Minneapolis as their allies,
and joining hands with the drouth
stricken settler, enter under the leader
ship of a philosopher named 11. W.
Campbell, a resident of Sioux City,
lowa. For a year or so past the* papers
have contained references to the
“Campbell method” of farming in the
dry belt, and the model farms operated
under it. Recently popular interest
has been revived from the announce
ment through the newspapers of the
fact that the enlightened management
of tin* Burlington & Missouri River
Railway in Nebraska had established
a chain of model farms extending from
11 jus tings, Nebraska, to Oberliu, Kan
sas, to bo operated under the Campbell
method next year. A sketch of the
Campbell method cannot fail to inter
est the general render, and especially
that numerous class east and west who
have made investments in the sub
humid belt.
Hardy W. Campbell settled near Ab
erdeen, South Dakota, during the
"boom” times of the early ’Bos. lie
was by turns a land agent, hotel keeper
and farmer, and In all these occupa
tions suffered from the drouths, as did
every.resident of the territory. Others
said: "When the country gets older we
shall get more rain," or "It is always
so in a new country; just look at the
history of the states further east.”
But. though possessed of his full share
of Western optimism, Mr. Campbell
mixed with it a good share of saving
common sense. He studied climatic
conditions and became convinced that
the country lie had settled in always
has been, is now and ever will be a
region of scanty precipitation, and that
climatic conditions in tin l main do not
change. In short, he acknowledged the
fact that the conditions were such as to
make ordinary farming a failure.
But he went further. lie calculated
that, with an annual precipitation of
not far from twenty inches of water,
crops ought to be successfully grown
every year unless the water is used up
some way aside from the growth of
plants. An inch of water weighs in
excess of 100 tons an acre, and twenty
inches more than 2,000 tons. A grow
ing plant does not need more than 300
times its dry weight. It is a very good
crop, indeed, which, dried, weighs more
than thirty tons an acre. Therefore
000 tons ought to be enough for the
actual use of any crop. The reader
sees, as Mr. Campbell saw. that even
after growing a good crop 1.100 tons
of water ought to be left over, unless
somehow the water had slipped away
and played truant.
It took him a very short time indeed
to discover the paramour with which
the odd 1,100 tons of water eloped, im
pelled by tlie ardours of the Dakota
summer. It is that prairie breeze, "so
fresh, so free,” which poets have so
highly praised. In the spring the
“semi-arid belt.” blossoms as the rose,
under tin* influence of the vernal rains.
But June. July and August bring hot
winds which lick up the moisture, sap
the vitals of the growing plant, and
cause the evil effects of drought. How
to carry crops over lids period was the
problem to which he addressed him
self.
For ten years he observed, studied
and experimented. At last, after en
during all the trials which usually fall
to the lot of the reformer, he evolved
the "Campbell method,” and is now
teaching it to tin* AVest, assisted by
many men of prominence, all confident
that by it that range of sub-humid
states stretching from North Dakota to
Texas will be made as reliable, agri
culturally speaking, as lowa and Illi
nois.,
The Campbell method is a reform in
tillage. It rests on three foundation
stones deep plowing, sub-surface
packing, frequent shallow surface cul
tivation. The objects of these opera
tions are to form an ample reservoir in
the root-bed for moisture, to promote
capillary attraction, to draw up moist
ure from beneath and to prevent the
escape of moisture by evaporation
from the surface.
'Flie prairie soils have lain for cen
turies in tin* same position, and are
tilled with channels washed out by the
downward movement of moisture by
capillarity. This old structure is brok
en up in deep plowing not subsoiling,
but ordinary plowing from seven to
nine inches deep. But any sort of
plowing leaves cavities in the ground.
'Fhe furrow-slice Js loosened up as ii
turns, and some treatment ii* necessary
to give the soil that homogeneous firm
ness necessary to the retention of a
large quantity of moisture. Mr. Camp
bell tried the roller. It would not do.
It packed the surface enormously
heavy, it left the bottom cavities un
affected. So he invented a sub-surface
packing, the one new tiling he has giv
en to agriculture. He Invented a tool
Which firmly packs the sub-surfaces
and leaves the upper four inches loose.
He gives his audiences directions for
doing this work with the ordinary
tools of the farm. but. no doubt, spe
cial tools will always be used where
large fields are to be economically
packed. 'Fids packing is done only once
a year and costs only 20 cents per acre
for labor.
The ground is subjected to frequeii:
shallow cultivation to prevent tli •
er knows that a layer of straw over a
garden bed will keen the ground be
neath moist. Mulching around the
roofs of trees docs the same thing.
'Fids is done by checking evaporation.
Almost every farmer knows that Ids
corn is enabled to stand the dry weath
er longer if frequently cultivated or
hoed. The blanket of dust, or loose dry
earth keeps the moisture from coming
to the surface where the winds can
suck it up. The Campbell 1111*111011 re
quires the cultivation to be done wit'll
some fine-toothed cultivator, or harrow
set to run not more than two inches
deep, and to be repeated once in from
five to seven days throughout: tln
growing season. Should the season be
hot or dry, the stirring of this dust
mulch must be pushed more vigorous
ly. Tlds cultivation is not a very ex
pensive operation, as one man with a
team is able to cultivate from 20 to 3<i
acres of wheat, oats, corn or any
other crop per day. Two-row am!
three-row cultivalors are used in corn,
and cultivators 12 feet wide iu small
grain. The entire cost per acre for la
bor In excess of the cost of the old
method, including the sub-surface
packing, amounted, on 'the Soldiers'
Home farm at Lisbon. North Dakota,
in 189 G, to 1)7 cents per acre, a large
part of which was offset by saving of
seed iu the fields of small grain. All
the work was, in tills case, paid for in
each and exact accounts kept. The
yield was estimated to be double thn'i
by the old method on all crops.
I said that surface packing is the
one new thing which Mr. Campbell has
given to agriculture. There is another ,
thing inherent, in his system which is.
perhaps, new to American agriculture,
although old to the agriculturists of
Europe. I refer to the interculture of
Wheat, oats, liar ley, and all “small
grain” during the growing season. The
dust mulch is just as essential to these
crops as to corn or potatoes. There
fore, the Campbell moth oil requires all
such crops to be sown in drills far
enough apart to permit of constant cul
tivation. The l»(*st. results have been
obtained by placing tin* drills from IN
to 22 inches apart. Cultivators un
used which enable husbandmen to at li
the surface between these rows with
the utmost facility. As only about one
quarter of the usual quantity of seed
is required, this saving goes far to
make up for the expense of cultiva
tion. The stalks "stool out" under tin
influence of the moisture in the soil in
cident to the system of tillage, so that
at harvest time the ground 1s so cov
ered by the grain as to completely ob
literate all traces of tlie rows, so far as
can be observed from a little distance.
The heads are so full as to make tin- I
yield larger than can be expected in
broadcast!, seeding under any condi- •
tions. There seems to be good reason
to think that farmers in all climates
could profitably adopt this part of the
Campbell method.
Some astounding figures are given as
to the results of tills method. It lias
never failed to bring a crop when fair
ly tried. No field tilled according to its
rules has ever suffered from drought.
In 1803, near Aberdeen. S. P.. this
method of tillage brought a yield of
14(5 bushels of potatoes per acre, while
other fields were a total failure; in
1800, in Harlan- county. Neb., a yield
of 200 bushels of potatoes per acre in
tlie fields of Batty & Son, while in
others about 20 bushels was the rule,
and at Glen IJllen, N. P.. In 1890, C.
Lidstrom got 130 bushels per aero on
sulHsurface packed ground, and only
85 bushels jht acre on unpacked soil,
although all were given the same sur
face cultivation. O. 11. Pratt, a hank
er of Hastings. Neb., inaVies the state
ment that n partial adoption of this
method has increased the average
yield of corn live bushels per acre in
ids county.
In none of those fields is there over
any difficulty in detecting a greater
degree of moisture than in fields oper
ated by ordinary methods. Last July
the writer visited the North Dakota
fields and found by digging that in the
Campbell fields, from the surface down
as far as 'the spade* would reach, the
ground was wet enough for tlie mak
ing of mud balls, while In other fields,
as soon as the spade went l»elow the
effects -of a recent shower, the soli was
dry as dust. In 1804 and 1805 Mr.
Campbell had plats in South Dakota.
Both were exteremely dry seasons. The
ground was. in other fields, parched
and dry to an unknown depth. But in
the autumn of 1804 Ills fields, after
maturing the crops, showed six feet,
and the next autumn ten feet of moist
earth.
That elusive 1,000 tons or so of water
per acre had been trapped and held by
tlie new tillage. In 1894 test tubes of
dirt were taken from a Campbell field
at Hastings. Neb., and from adjoining
fields, and sent to the department of
agriculture at Wellington for analy
sis. In that July only 1-10 of an inch <>f
rainfall occurred on these fields. 'Flu
average per centage of moisture In tin
upper twelve Inches of soil during this
month was. In the Campbell fields
about 18 per cent.. In the other fields
about 8 per cent. The observations
were taken at 0 o’clock every evening
and furnished a most striking proof of
the efficacy of this method of conserv
ing moisture. Eighteen per cent, of
moisture is enough to Insure rapid and
flourishing growth; 8 per cent, is, to all
appearances, absolutely dry.
Tll 180 G about a dozen model •farms
were operated by the Northern Pacific
an<l the Soo Line railway in North Da
kota. The results were such as to Im
pel these roads to prepare for more
farms next year, and the Northern Pa
cific has made an offer of premiums
for the best fields tilled by this method
by farmers of sixteen counties in
North Dakota. Rome of the great grain
companies of Minnesota and some land
companies are actively co-operating in
the work of education. 'Flic It. A- M.
railway in Nebraska will next year
operate its model farms in Nebraska
and Knnttts. The Chicago. Milwaukee
A- St. Paul Is doing a great deal to
bring tlie* new tillage to the attention
of farmers along its line in South Da
kota. Other railways are evincing
much interest. In localities in which
those model farms arc located the
farmers are adopting tin* method as
rapidly as they can. so that it can be
said tliat tin* efforts of these far-seeing
men are already bearing tangible fruit.
—J. Herbert Quick in Denver Rcpubli
can.
J-murunco on It ink l> ■poplin,
i Topeka. Kansas. Feb. 13.—Represen
tative Gillespie has Introduced a bill
providing for the creation and mainten
nnnee of a guaranty fund for the pro
tectlon of depositors of state hanks. It
provides for a levy of one-fourth of a
mill tax on all deposits In state hanks
to make a fund, to he deposited with
, tin* state treasurer. When a hank
I breaks and the assets from all sources
1 are exhausted, the state treasurer shall
I pay tin* denositors tin* balance of tin
! money due them from said bank out ol
, the fund accumulated.
Wolcott (tom to Ili-rlin.
! Paris. Fel». 13. Senator Edward <>
1 NWh-ott of Colorado started for Bor
tin this afternoon.
GREECE IN EARNEST.
NOT AFRAID OF TURKEY.
Announces to the r<.wer« That She Will
AflHUine the K'-sponulhlllty for her
fount—Troops Sail for Crete.
Athens, Feb. 14—Prince Nicholas has
started for Larissa. Thessaly, with the
Third artillery regiment.
It is stated the British admiral, com
manding in the Cretan waters, lias or
ders to prevent any collision at sea be
tween the Turks and the Greeks.
Prince George arrived at Caneu yes
terday. lie received a visit from the
commanders of. the foreign men-of
war. Later he returned to Milo with
the flotilla.
The foreign ministers at Athens met
at the French legation for the purpose
of considering the situation. It is be
lieved they decided to address further
representations to the Grecian govern
ment, having full knowledge of tin* sit
uation, had not hesitated to assume the
whole responsibility for the measures
it had taken.
It is evident the Grecian government
has taken a serious step in sending
troops to Crete for the purpose of pro
tecting the Christians. A force con
sisting of a regiment of infantry, bat
tery and artillery, embarked at Pi
raeus yestorduy 011 board three steam
ers. There was a scene of great en
thusiasm before the departure of the
troops. Crown Prince Constantine, the
Duke of Sparta.-reviewed the men,
and, addressing them, said "Officers
and Men- Remember where you are
going, and that they are Hellenes.”
The troops were greeted everywhere
with tne utmost enthusiasm by the peo
ple.
'Flic arrival of transports lias already
been reported from the Island 1 of
Milo. The troops continued on their
voyage inunedlatey and it was ex
pected they would reach Canon to-day.
It Is rumored they will virtually oc
cupy the island without delay. All of
the Grecian newspapers hail the de
parture of the troops with expressions
of delight. There is much activity at
tin* palace. King George personally
directs affairs connected with the
crisis.
The reserves of 1803-94 classes have
been called out.
London, Feb. 15.—A dispatch to the
Times from Brussels asserts that rep
resentatives of tin* powers have ap
plied to Belgium aml Holland, asking
those countries to provide an officer
capable of taking command of the Cre
tan gend’armerie. The name of a Bel
gium officer, distinguished in the Con
go campaigns, and a Dutch officer,
have been submitted.
In response to a request from the
editors of the Chronicl#, asking him to
send a message of hope to Greece, Mr.
Gladstone has wired as follows: “I
dare not stimulate Greece wlUm- we
cannot help her. but I shall profoundly
rejoice in her success. I hope the pow
ers will recollect they have their own
character to redeem.”
The Times suggests that the best
solution of tlie troubles in Crete would
lie to give Crete autonomy under the
nominal rule of tlie sultan, who would
receive a fixed tribute, but who would
have no control over either civil or mil
itary administration.
A dispatch to tlie Times from Sebas
topol says that tlie troops have been
sent to Reni. Bederi and IsimUi and re
inforcements have been dispatched to
Kars and other places along the ltus
sian-Turklsh frontier.
The correspondent of the Standard
at Constantinople enyti that the sultan
expresses unwillingness to proceed to
extreme measures, but if Greece per
sists in a provocative attitude it is
probable that tin* Macedonian army
corps will bo ordered to cross the fron
tier.
Another Constantinople report to the
Standard is to the effect that the entire
Christian population of Crete is under
arms, while the Turks only hold three
towns. 'Fids report asserts that unless
reinforcements arrive soon the rebel
lion is bound to triumph.
A dispatch to tin* Telegram from St.
Petersburg says that the Odessa mili
tary division is massing 30,000 cos
sacks with a view of possible difficul
ties arising in tlie East.
A BOGUS BLOCKADE.
The Vesuvius Gets Into Charleston Har
bor Without Trouble.
Charleston, S. C., Feb. 13.—The suc
cessful running of tlie blockade by the
Vesuvius on Thursday night Is to-day
commanding tlie admiration of hun
dreds of Charlestonians who ran the
real blockade in war times thirty years
ago. Her trip confirmed their belief
that blockade running is still jiossrible,
notwithstanding tlie developments of
modern naval practice, the slid of elec
tric searchlights, high speed ships,
long range guns and numerous rapid
fire secondary batteries, all unknown
during the hist war.
To add to tlie discomfiture of the
blockading fleet, the saucy little craft
actually succeeded in repeating the
feat last night, Under orders from Ad
miral Bunco the Vesuvius, early in the
ral Bunco tin* Vesuvius, early in the
afternoon yesterday, left the squadron
and steamed northward until she was
lost to sight. From that moment ev
erybody in the fleet was oil tlie alert;
and the big searchlights sent long
streams of light, as night, fell, in every
direction. It was all in vain, for about
midnight 11 rocket went up close to
llio flagship, and Admiral Bunco thus
received notice that the little flyer was
lying quietly at anchor alongside him,
after having cut through tho middle of
the fleet of watchers.
Amending the Arb’.trillion Treaty.
Washington. Feb. 13.—The discus
sion of the arbitration treaty in the
Senate to-day took the course of a con
stitutional debate. It was precipitated
by tlie presentation of an amendment
by Senator 'Purple of Indiana to the
first article of the treaty, providing
that nil questions to in* submitted to
arbitration must be considered and
proposed by the treaty-making power,
rhe president and tin* Senate. This was
the amendment referred to by Senator
Sherman yesterday, which he said the
Committee on Foreign Relations
would propose. While it was not pre
sented as a committee amendment, it
had the sanction of the majority of tlie
memliers of that committee.
Senator 'Purple stated that he did not
think that the amendment was neces
sary. hut it was presented to meet the
apprehensions of those senators who
feared Flint the Senate would bo stop
ped from nil participation in questions
arising under the treaty.
No act ion could be secured before ad
journment.
It is believed that Senator Sherman
may again seek to get consideration of
tlie treaty, bur the temper of tlie sena
tors is such that they will not long al
low other busim*ss to Ih* put aside. Sen
ator Sherman, it is understood, would
like to have a vote on the treaty, if invi
sible, and failing in that, he would like
to have a vote on tin* question of post
pouemeut.
WHY MEXICO PROSPERS.
K. 11. Light, Formerly of Urnvrr, Calves his
View* on th« Southern Kepublle.
Edward B. Light, formerly secretary
of the Denver Chamber of Commerce
and now United States consular agent
at Guntlnlnjnrn, Mexico, writes to the
Denver Times from the latter place as
follows:
“So many letters come to me from
my old home making inquiries about
tills republic, and especially the part
where my lot has lieen cast, that I will
occasionally send yoji a letter, an
swering as best I can many of the
questions frequently asked.
"I assume that as there is no political
campaign on, it will not be claimed
that my letters are written with the
view of influencing votes.
“Mexico is and lias been for some
time in a very prosperous condition.
Every class of business seems to go on
In a prosperous nuniiicr. There Is the
necessary amount of money in circula
tion, with which to do business, which
Is done practically over the counter.
There is. generally speaking, no time
asked for or given in selling goods.
When a bill of goods is sold at whole
sale it is expected that as soon as the
goods are received and checked up n
check covering the amount will be at
once forwarded.
"A large amount of capital is seeking
investment here, because of the ad
vantageous manner in which it can be
placed. To illustrate: A well-known
capitalist of Denver was recently here
on a visit. While Ills business eye was
open as it ever was. to make an hon
est dollar, he discovered that Mexican
3 per cent, bonds could be bought for
fifty cents in silver, or tw'enty-flve
cents in gold. These bonds become due
at the option of the republic in ten
years, at which time they are likely
to be paid, and, of course, be worth
par.
“Then there is a reasonably good
chance that at that time silver will be
at par, and if so, he will double his
money twice. In the meantime he is
drawing 12 per cent, for the use of his
money in silver, or (5 per cent, in gold.
“What better investment could a rea
sonable man ask for. even though the
speculative element be entirely elimi
nated therefrom? In our country for
tunes were made'during the war by
buying government bonds at less than
par. which were held until they went
above par. To-day there is no money
in handling our bonds. They became
popular when so profitable, and many
people still seem to think they are de
sirable* to hold. They are, if one does
not care to make money.
“But it is not alone in bonds that the
money is being made in this country.
It is rolling up good returns in manu
facturing. in merchandising, in bank
ing. in mines, in railroads, etc. Proba
bly there is no investment paying such
large returns as in agriculture. If the
farmers of tin* great west were get
ting one-half the prices for their prod
ucts the producer in Mexico receives,
he would soon become a bloated mil
lionaire.
“The field of agriculture is wide open
to thousands. Land here is held in
large tracts, is not taxed, and holders
are slow to part with it. that competi
tion may be avoided. The price of la
bor is familiar to most of your renders,
but while it is low-priced labor, it is
not always cheap labor. He who
thinks a half-starved Mexican work
man. or possibly. I should say. a half
nourished laborer, will accomplish in
a day as much as our healthy, vigorous
intelligent workman, makes a miscal
culation. Nevertheless, as -fanners,
where they raise a part they eat on
land sot off to them, they afford cheap
Ifblp. In no part of Mexico do they
raise as large crops as we do in Colo
rado. but in most of tin* republic they
raise two crops annually. They do not
cut hay and feed stock, as we do. and
the cost of farming ami raising stock
is very much less than with us.
"I know of no business which pre
sents equally as attractive investment
as farming. Dairy farming is receiv
ing increased attention. Hood cream
ery butter commands 75 cents per
pound. But one must have American
cows to make a success of the dairy
business. It cannot be accomplished
with the long-liorned Texas cow (as we
call them). Hogs are also very profita
ble. Market gardening will pay good
returns. To say nothing of the wheat,
corn, coffee, vanilla, cotton, etc. But
to take up any one of these enterprises
successfully one must have money.
“While this is the best country I
know’ of for a man with means, it is
the very worst country for a man to
come to that has no money. He is at
once placed on a level with the native
as to pay, and labors even under great
er disadvantages because he cannot
speak the language.
“There is seldom a week but some
stranded American conies to my door
for assistance. True many of these
men are bummers that have fled from
Justice possibly, but it.does not change
their helpless condition. I mention
this because so many of our workmen
throw’ll out of employment, strike out
for prosperous Mexico, without, realiz
ing the great disadvantage they must
labor under when they reach here. It
is the opinion of all my friends that no
person should come here without sutli
cient money to support them in the
style they wish to live In for one year.
During that time a person of reasona
ble aptness can pick up the language
and learn the ways of the country, so
he is reasonably sure of “catching
j on ’
ItPzzard In South Dakota.
St. raul, Minn., Feb. 13.—Specials
from South Dakota,.western and north
ern Minnesota report a heavy snow
storm now raging with pretentions, in
sections, to a regular eastern blizzard.
A gale of wind drives tin* snow badly,
and travel is interfered with. Fifteen
inches of snow has been reported at
Little Falls, and six inches at Janes
ville and at Miller. South Dakota.
There are fears for stock, as farmers
are short of feed. One of the fiercest
blizzards of tin* winter set ill at 4
o’clock this morning at Aberdeen,
South Dakota, and in two hours traf
fic was abandoned on all lines. The
west-bound passenger on the 11. & D.
is in the drifts one mile and a half on
the other side of Groton, and nothing
can be done to extricate it at this time.
.Tames ltiver division trains are all laid
up.
Another Helen* ll.mk Fat m.
Helena. Mont.. Feb. 13.—The Mer
chants' National bank failed to open
its doors this morning. At the main
entrance a few’ minutes after ten
o’clock the following notice was post
ed:
“Persistent and relentless withdraw
als have largely reduced the bank's
available resources and to better pro
tect depositors we deem it. advisable
to order a suspension of business for
the time.” Signed.
"BOARD OF DIRECTORS."
Washington. Feb. 13. -Acting Con
troller Collin said to-day that for some
time he had been looking for the bank
to fail and that he believed bad man
agement was tlie primary cause of it.
Receiver.!. Sam Brown, now in charge
of the First National bank at Helen:
has been put in temporary charge
THE LEGISLATURE.
WrdnMdv, February lOth.
Senate— Senntor Taylor, chairman of
of the Judiciary committee, reported to
•the Senate the result of tlie investiga
tion made by the committee upon the
question of the legality of the law of
1891, by which the salary of state treas
urer was increased from $3,000 to
SO,OOO. The report set forth that the
bill referred to was properly passed by
both houses and that it was signed by
Governor Cooper at 1:45 p. m. o’clock
on the day of tin* end of his term, and
while his term expired at noon on that
day it was tlie opinion of the commit
tee that Governor Cooper was still act
ing governor at the time the bill was
signed and that it was legal. The Sen
ate agreed to discuss the report to
morrow.
The salary bill came up for second
reading with (lie amendments proposed
by the thianec committee, which pro
vide for the payment of the Illegally
employed clerks of both houses, and the
minority report was considered. No
action.
Senator Stratton’s bill. No. 15, appro
priating SS.iXIS for the payment of
vouchers in the office of the auditor for
unpaid salaries of officers and em
ployes of the State Reformatory at
Buena Vista, was recommended for
passage.
Senator Taylor’s bill authorizing
judges of District and County courts
to adjourn court sine die or to a cer
tain day as they may deem advisable
was recommended for passage.
Bill No. 174, by Senator Taylor, pro
viding for tin* prosecution of cases by
public officials without costs when act
ing in an official capacity, was recom
mended for passage, as also was bill
No. 175 by tlie same member; which re
lieves public officers from giving bond
In cases of appeal taken by such offi
cers acting In an official capacity.
Senator Crowe’s bill fixing the fees to
be charged by sheriffs of the several
counties was recommended for pas
sage.
A bill giving police magistrates ex
clusive jurisdiction in vagrancy cases,
introduced by Senator Porterfield, was
favorably reported.
The bill to abolish the Board of Char
ities and Corrections was defeated by
a vote of sixteen to twelve.
House—A hill by Mr. Gardner to pro
vide for counties in the fourth and
fifth classes joining to form a high
school district passed second reading.
The bill to place Mineral county in
normal district No. lrt also passed sec
ond rending without objection.
Wolfe’s vagrancy law. providing that
vagrants shall not be required to work
more than eight hours a day, passed
second reading.
A bill allowing county superintend
ents In the larger counties to employ
assistants passed second reading.
Senator Reuter’s bill to amend the
election laws requiring objections to
forms of ballots to be filed within three
days after filing of the ballots, etc.,
was read a second time. The bill
is to hasten a settlement of anti-elec
tion contests and to prevent a recur
rence of tlie squabbles of last fall.
Thursday, February 11th.
Senate.—Senator Gordon’s bill pro
viding for a bounty on lieet sugar was
killed; the report of the finance com
mittee recommending that the bill be
laid on the table was adopted.
Senator Cannon’s bill placing Delta,
Mesa, Montrose. Gunnison, San Mi
guel, Ouray and Hinsdale counties in
the Seventh judicial district and regu
lating the terms of court therein, was
favorably reported.
Mr. Thomas’ mileage bill prohibiting
state officers from accepting more than
the actual amount paid for railway
fare as mileage from the state, was the
subject of much discussion. Senator
Carney offered an amendment forbid
ding the acceptance of passes by offi
cials. The bill was recommended for
passage.
Senator Wheeler's bill requiring all
moneys received by the deputy super
intendent of insurance to be paid to
tin* state treasurer and providing that
all expenses of the insurance depart
ment shall be paid by tlie state treas
urer, was recommended for passage.
Senator Thomas’ school bill, which
provides for the payment of all the
debts of outstanding school districts by
tlie consolidated district, was consid
ered as afnended by the committee of
the whole on Tuesday. It was re
referred for engrossment.
House.—About twenty members were
absent on a tour of inspection of the
state institutions.
The House went into committee of
the whole on unimportant bills. The
principal measures and those in dis
pute were put over on account of the
very slim attendance.
A* bill by Mr. Ryan, to reduce the
number of persons who can form a mu
tual lire Insurance company from 100
to 50. passed second reading.
The most important matter discussed
was a bill by Mr. Ilelbig requiring
notes and other debts to be liquidated
only out of property on which the debts
are* secured. No action was taken be
fore adjournment.
Fr till s’, February 121 li.
Senate—The salary hill was dis
cussed at length and passed second
reading.
Senator Thomas’ bill requiring sher
iffs to transport at one time all the
prisoners in. their respective counties
awaiting transportation, passed second
reading with the amendment that in
sane asylum commitments should be
excluded from rhe provisions of the
act. This Dill was before tlie Senate
on Thursday and was agreed to and
was re-referred for the pur]>ose of em
bodying tlie above amendment. The
purpose of tlie bill is to prevent sher
iffs from unnecessarily incurring large
expenses for tin* transportation of pris
oners.
Senator Reuter’s bill giving District
courts jurisdiction over the property of
assignors and authorizing the court to
order a distribution of the property
among creditors when such a distribu
tion may lx* deemed advisable, passed
second reading.
House—The committee on banking
and insurance reported a bill by Hei
hig to permit of the state going into
tlie insurance business. It also rejiort
ed without, recommendation a bill to
more clearly define arson.
In the afternoon tlie members pres
ent went into committee of the whole
and jMissed two minor bills on second
reading.
One of tin* bills was to permit of
members of a copartnership or corpor
ation that lias dissolved to pay up
their share of tin* indebtedness and to
tie relieved of further responsibility.
Mr. Stevens, tlie author, stated that as
tin* law stood at present a person who
had been a member of a dissolved con
cern could not lie relieved of responsi
bility were lie willing to meet his
share.
The other Dill was also by Mr. Ste
vens and intended to keep incompetent
lawyers out of the state. It gives the
Supreme court tlie authority to require
an examination from an applicant even
though lie may have a diploma from
another state. it also provides that
both sexes shall have the same privi
leges in this matter.
HOW MUCH IS A KNOT?
fair Ud'liid« ■ Know it* Vain# Eiprcm
In MU**.
In t s’ day of record breaking by
ocean steamers, when every big steam
er that comes Into port is expected to
carry a record hung at a yardarm, so
to speak, how many landsmen know
the meaning of the term “knot," in
which rate of speed at. sea Is chiefly
expressed? It is purely and wholly a
nautical term, having specific applica
tion to the speed and distance made by
a vessel movlug In the water, says the
New York Herald.
The word "knot” Is the mariner's
term for a nautical mile, and its use Is
really derived from the log line used
by navigators of the ocean when they
wish to determine the speed and the
distance that, the ship has probably
sailed in a given time. The log Hue
Is an Important and a very noeessary
part of a ship’s fittings; especially Is
thla the case when, for several days at
sea, the navigator is unable, because
of the sun being hidden by clouds or
thick weather, to get a peep at It with
his sextant, from which tlie actual po
sition of the ship is w .irked out. With
the data taken by a frequent heaving
of the log (a small block or section of
wood with a long line attached ami
run out from the stern of the vessel for
a specific number of seconds) noting
the force and direction of the wind, the
possible currents, or other influences
acting favorably or against the prog
ress of the ship, the navigator is en
abled to calculate very nearly, in over
cast or foggy weather, about where his
ship Is at any hour of the day. xnls Is
called “working out the position of the
ship by dead reckoning.”
Every one who studied tlie geograph
ical table In his early school days will
recall that part of the sing-song recita
tion running like this "Sixty-nine and
one-sixth statute miles, or sixty geo
graphical miles, equal one degree of
longitude at the equator.” Now, the dif
ference between a statute mile aud a
nautical or geographical mile, Is that
tue latter is about 80G feet greater than
the former. There are sixty geograph
ical miles to each degree* of latitude, oi
to each degree of longitude at the equu
tor, which divisions of miles are called
"minutes” lu the nautical vocabulary,
hence the old saying, "a mile a min
ute.” As there are 3(50 degrees, or me
ridians, of longitude, there are 21,(500
minutes, or miles, in the entire circum
ference of the world, at the equator:
and It lias hen mathematically deter
mined that one minute—one geograph
ical mile—at the equatorial circle is
equal to t»,08(5.7 feel. But it has been
the practice of mariners not to be toe
exact on small fractions when measur
ing distance ns great ns a mile, conse
quently the practice of defining a knot
or nautical mile as equal to (5,080 feet,
instead of 0,080.7 feet, lias been gen
erally adopted.
When the navigator desires to make
a log-line by which to ascertain the
speed which his vessel Is making
through the water, he.follows the con
stant (5,080. As tin* number of seconds
lu an hour are to 0,080 feet, so are the
number of seconds hi the time glass (t»;
be used for measuring the ship's speed
to the number of feet In each unit ol
measurement marked off on the log
line. If a half-minute (thirty seconds)
glass is to he used, the knots must l*
made fifty feet eight inches from each
other, aud the number of these knots
which puss from the reel over the
stern while the sand is running from
the top bulb to the lower bulb of the
glass Is equal to tlie number of knots
or nautical miles that the vessel would
make In an hour, providing the same
conditions for speed continue.
For instance, if the engines of n
steamship continue to make the same
speed during the hour, or if the force
of wind and spread of canvas of a sail
ing vessel continue the same, the num
ber of knots on the line passing from
tlie reel while the sand is rumilng
through the thirty-second glass Is as
good an nctunl measurement of the
vessel’s speed through the water ns
could he obtained, except that the
course should be measured by an act
ual survey with instruments. If it was
shown that the vessel was making tea
knots, she would cover ten geograph
ical miles, or a little more than eleven
and one-haif land miles, or eleven and
a half times 5,280 (5.280 feet being
equivalent to a land mile). Hence, t<
speak of the City of Paris having inude
526 knots of nautical miles In twenty
four hours, she covers a distance ot
604% land miles, as comprehended in
railroad distances, or a rate of twenty
live land miles an hour, which is fuster
than most railroad trains travel.
Notwithstanding the abominable weather,
Innsbruck, In the Tyrol, was last auuimoi
visited by tourist h. or 10,076 more
than In tlie preceding summer.
TO CURE A COLD IN ONE DAT.
Take Laxative Broino Quinine Tablets. All
Druggists refund the money If It fails to cure. 25c
The Paris communal council at a recent
meeting decided upon the construction of a
number of buildings at a cost of $00,000,000,
although the city’s debt already amounts tc
$400,000,000.
When billons or costive, ent a Cascarct,
candy cathartic, cure guaranteed. 10c, 25c.
“Imperious Caesar, dead and turned to clay.
Might stop a hole to keep the wind away;"
Itut when It comes to patching up a tire,
’Tls rubber, not dead Romans, we desire.
Pure
Blood ia what everyone should have at this sea
son. Therefore purify and enrich your blood
now with a thorough course of
Hood’s
Sarsaparilla
The beat—in fact thojlno True Blood Purifier.
Hood’s Pills SSfeJSSriT**
wS.T!£i Thompson’s Eyt Watir.
DPIHM ” 4 WHISKY ‘•'■i" ?*<*d. R»ok .0.1
FHEK. Hr. B. M. WooI.LET, ATLANTA, <U.
D(LJ.L.BTEPHEIMS*LEBAJION,OmIK
PATENTS.TRADE MARKS
Examination anil Advice ns to Patentability of In
ventlon. Send for‘‘lnventors’ Guide, or liow to Get a
Patent." O'FARRELL A SON, Washington. D. C.
PEOPLE that are sick
M S °r "Just Don’t Feel Well.’*
M p , R m« s liver pills
are the One Thing to use.
ONLY ONE FOR A DORC.
25c. “• Druggists Samples mailed
Boiankn Med. Co. l'hlla. Pa.
fBBPBKgBi
■B J ongh Syrup. Tastes Good. Dae HI
In time. Sold by druggists. IN
fil | I
w. N. U. DENVER.- NO. 8.-1897.
When writing to advertisers, plrnso say that
fOH MW th* advertisement In thla papar.