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HOW THE TURKS CHECKED BULGARS Desperate Defense of Adrianople Saved the Capital. UPSET PUNS OF THE ALLIES Frederick Palmer Telle of the Furious Fighting by the Ottoman Armies That Balked Demetrleff and Ivanoff. By FREDERICK PALMER, Staff Correspondent of the Chicago Record-Herald In the Balkan War. Muetapha Pasha.—The minarets of Saltan Selim! Needle-llke, I have seen them rise over the indistinct mass of Adriano ple from the distant hills, then as substantial columns from the nearby hills, and again so close from the shellproof of an advanced infantry position that I could make out the tilings on the dome of the great mosque itself. The simple grace of the minarets dominated town, and landscape, and siege. 'Weary drivers of the weary oxen of the transport and still wear ier artillerymen, bringing up addi tional guns through seaB of mud, saw them for the first time as a token of defiance, of work unfinished, of bat tles yet to be fought, and of lives yet to be lost. Infantrymen in the advanced trenches saw them as the goal against a foe which had fallen back without any adequate rear guard sec tion, but which had begun to fight desperately under their shadows. That Turkish garrison, as it with drew into the shelter of its forts, seemed to find something of the spirit of old Sultan Selim the Magnificent, for whom the mosque was named, but with this difference: Sultan Selim was not given to falling back on forts and minarets. He stormed forts; he went ahead to plant new minarets in the soil of Christendom. Rouses Old Turks’ 8pirit From the first in this war the Turk took the defensive; from the first he acepted it as his part and portion of the campaign. In Bulgaria, where many Turks Btlll live under Christian rule, we had seen the Terrible Turk, the great fighting man of the past, whose soul was supposed to be above lowly toil, as a hewer of wood and a carrier of water. He did odd Jobs in the ab sence of the Bulgarian at the front. The lion of the past had been trained to dog harness. All the early victories of the Bul garian army completed an Impression of a one-time lordly race demoralized and enervated, who retained the fatalism of “Kismet,” in its lexocon. The warrior’s cry, “For Allah!" was lost forever. But at Adrianople "For Allah! For the Minarets! For the Padlsha!" rose again to the dignity which abandoned bravery always com mands. The sheer, impetuous fearlessness of the Bulgarian, well drilled and coolly manipulated, was the first great revelation of the campaign, and the second was how, in the hour of hopelessness, his desperation arous ed the old qualities of the Turk. Every situation, every development In the war reverted to Adrianople. It was the nut to crack in the first plan of strategy of the campaign. It hov ered over the first army before Tchatalja as a nightmare. It stood In the way of the prompt supplies of bread and bullets for the first army; It delayed the signing of the armis tice for ten days; it has been the main subject of contention before the London peace conference; it was responsible for the treatment of the military attaches, who saw nothing of the war, and of the correspondents— who saw little. < War Hinges on Adrianople. Even our phlegmatic little English speaking censor assistant at Musta pha would lose his temper at the very suggestion of any peace terms with Adrianople still in Turkish pos session. “We shall have a revolution if we don't get Adrianople,” I have heard many officers say. “We shall not go home without Adrianople.” the wounded soldierB returning from the front kept repeat ing. Such were the instructions which Dr. Daneff. the Elihu Root of the Bal kans, took with him to London. Ad rianople was graven on the minds of his countrymen. By diplomacy he must get a fortress which was not yet taken by force of arms. Glance at a map and you will see that the whole success of the allies depended on bottling up the Turk on the peninsula, so that all the other Turkish forces from Scutarij to Adri anople, from Kumanova to Hassona, should be cut off from communica tion. The Greeks, Serbs, and Mon tenegrins were the backs. The Bul garians undertook to buck the line. Bulgaria did not have to consider a reserve army. European public opinion and the jealousies of the pow ers acted as efficient substitutes, for the Bulgarian military statesmanship understood that if Bulgaria were beat en the powers would never permit Turkey to take an inch of Bulgarian soil. It was a case of "Heads I win, tails I don't lose.” Turks Awake to Crisis. The Turks knew this. too. It was an old situation to them. Successful Simplify Life. “I do believe In simplicity. It is as tonishing as well as sad, how many trivial afTalrs even the wisest man thinks he must attend to in a day; how singular an affair he thinks he must omit. When the mathematician would solve a difficult problem ho first frees the equation of all incum brances and reduces it to its sim plest terms. So simplify the prob lem of life, distinguish the necessary and the real.—From Thoreau "Let ters.” war meant no aggrandizement only that no more territory would be taken from them. This is enough, after some generations, to breed the defen sive instinct in any soldier. The Turk must have hiß back against the wall in order to fight well. His attitude is that of the mad bull against the toreador; and a very mad bull, we know, sometimes gets a horn into the toreador’s anatomy and toss es him over the palings. This hap pened in away at Adrianople. "Victory is to the heaviest bat talions," Bonaparte said this, but aft er Caesar said it after some general of Egypt, Babylon or Nineveh. The allies knew that their buccoss dependea on speed in a fall campaign —speed and the shock of masses pour ing over the frontier. Theirs was a hundred-yard-dash chance. The Serbs at Kumanova, their crit ical battle, had odds of at least four to one. The Greeks, never had less favor able odds, usually much higher. As for the Montenegrins, who had a small show, what they did in one way or another did not matter. They had work to keep them fully occu pied, as it developed in the siege of Scutari. The only one of the allies who dis dained modern organization, their fail ure to make any headway again em phasizes the wide difference between a body of men with rifles and an ac tual army. Bulgars Bear War’s Brunt. So the Bulgarians took the great and telling work of the war on their shoulders. You have ,only to know the Bulgarians to understand that this was inevitable. There is stubborn and aggressive character enough in Bulgaria to spare for all southwestern Europe. Bulgaria made a hundred-yard dash ’with ox cart transportation, and made it around an obstacle—Adrianople. The main railroad line and the great Constantinople highway ran by Adri anople. It was on the direct line of communication from the center of the Bulgarian base to the center of its objective. In the center of Thrace, It was the only real fortress on the way to Con stantinople. Kirk-Killisseh, or Losen grade, as the Bulgarians call it, de spite their willingness to allow an im pression of its formidalillty to be spread abroad, was not in any sense well fortified. Now', the first thing was to surround Adrianople; that Is, to strike at it from all sides, as the key to the po sition. A branch of the main Sofla- Constantlnople railroad line runs to Yainbolt. With this as its base, Deme trieff’s, or the First, army swung around Kirk-Killsseh, which was tak en in the first splendid ardor of the campaign. With Its fall anyone can see from a staff map that any battle line of defense with Adrianople as a part of it was impossible for a force of the numbers of the Turkish main army. Two or three hundred thousand men who were homogeneous might have held on, but not half that num ber when badly organized. There fore, Nazim Pasha had to fall back to a new line and leave Adrianople to care for itself. Reveals Bulgar Courage. The next step was the decisive bat tle on the line from Lule Burgas to Bunnarhissar. There, again, superiority of num bers, as well ns organization, count ed; that superiority, which makes a heavy turning movement possible while the enemy's front is engaged. In short, the Bulgarians had the Turks going. They gave the Turks no rest, and they had a sufficient nu merical preponderance, in addition to the dependable courage of their in fantry to guarantee success. So there was nothing wonderful about the strategy of the campaign, nothing new, nothing startling. The old principle of the swift turning movement had been applied to the sit uation in hand. By the flank the Japanese kept put ting the Russians back from the Yalu to Mukden. By the flank Grant put Lee back to Richmond. There was Just one. and only one. startling feature in this war —Bulgari- an courage. That enabled Demetrleff to gain at Kirk-Killisseh and Lule Burgas In a hurry what with most armies would have required much more time. Demetrleff had willing flesh for a necessary sacrifice. He threw his in fantry against frontal positions in a cloud, into shrapnel and automatic gun fire, without waiting to silence the enemy's batteries. Expected to Take Adrianople. And after Lule Burgas the next step would have seemed the storming of Adrianople. When peace negotiations should begin, it was a vital point in their favor in the negotiations to have Adrianople in their possession. The Bulgarian treatment of the cor respondents is one of the many in dications that the Bulgarian staff did at one time expect to take Adrianople by storm. It was argued by serious corre spondents who did not feel that they ought to waste their time or the money of their papers in idleness, that the Bulgarian government ought not to have received any correspond ents at all. But this was not logic to the government. The press repre sented public opinion. It could serve a purpose, and all the college profess ors in the land who spoke any for eign language found their work in the common cause, no less than grandfa ther found his in driving an ox cart and the women in making bread. The plan was well thought out. and the regulations, which would fill a column, left nothing that occurred to officers or college professors out of consideration. No mention was to be Let Him Cultivate Patience. The mebmers of a church in the southwest have given their pastor an automobile. It is hoped that no member of his congregation may be present the first time the crank han dle hits Kim on the elbow*. That Terrible Habit of Work. Pat —"Say, Dlnny, phwat wud yez do if yez had ull the money yez want ed?" Dlnny—“Oi'd be after goin’ to me wur-rk in an autymobile instead of a trolley car."—Boston Transcript. made of the wounded, nor even of the weather, if it were bad, for bad weath er might tell the enemy that the roads were bad. While many an imaginary account, because it had the similitude of nar rative which characterizes all con vincing fiction, was hailed as real war correspondence, the Bulgarian staff, when it came to actual reports of actions (exclusive of massacres), was scrupulously exact and exasperat lngly late and brief. All praise by the press kept the ball of the prestige of victory rolling. It helped to convince the powers and the Turk that the Bulgarian army was irresistible. The stage climax of the wholj campaign would be the fall of Adrianople. Therefore were the correspondents moved to Musta pha Pasha just as Lule Burgas was being won; and Constantinople, being then supposedly defended only by a demoralized army, which could not make a stand, every report from*Mus tapha Pasha which showed that Adrianople was on the point of capit ulation added to the stage effect of Bulgarian triumph, Turks Defy the Bulgars. As the first Bulgarian army drew near the Tchatalja lines, the mise en scene was complete; but Nazim Pasha, making use of the elapsed time to fortify the Tchatalja lines, rather than submit to the humiliating terms offered, bade the Bulgarian hosts "come on." Success had turned the heads even of the Bulgarian staff. They had be gun to think that the old fighting qual ity was out of the Turk, and so willing was the Bulgarian infantry to under go slaughter that it was only a case of recording another charge of flesh against shrapnel and automatic gun fire, and the day was won. Alas, an old principle of war, deal ing with an impossibility of the same order as squaring the circle in math ematics, was now to bring generalship back from the clouds to solid earth. You can take strong positions in front only with time by sapping and mining and all the weary operations of a siege, as the indomitable Grant learned by the failure of his flrsh rush General Demetrleff. at Vicksburg and the indomitable Xogi learned by the failure of the first rush attack at Port Arthur. In a week, any army that has spades and a few of the resources of material which should be part of the storehouse at its base should make such a position as that of the series of rising hills back of Tchatalja fully tenable against any but siege attack, unless there was room for a flank at tack. Turks Turn the Tables. And the breadth of the position open to infantry approach in any at tempt at storming was only 1G miles, while from either sea side of the nar row strip of peninsula the Turkish navy could bring into play more pow erful guns than any Demetrleff had at his disposal. At the same time there is to be kept in view the generally accepted tenet that you must not send in fantry against any well entrenched po sition until its batteries are silenced or it is known that they can be kept under control during the infantry at tack by a well concentrated fire of your own batteries. Demetrleff used his guns for a day in trying to develop the strength and location of the enemy’s batteries. But the Turks would not be drawn. At last the tables were turned. Meanwhile Adrianople also was tell ing. You may discuss as much as you please whether the original plan of the Bulgarian staff was to mask this fortress or to take it by storm, the fact remains that the only result was to mask it, and the lesson was that any garrison in the rear of an advan cing army, though it is held securely in investment, remains a mighty force in being for the enemy’s purpose. Nature meant Adrianople to be a fortress. Past it on the south flows the Maritza river, taking its origin in the Balkans and plowing its way across the alluvial lowlands of Thrace to the sea. A strong bridge crosses it on the line of the Constantinople high way at Mustapha Pasha, some twenty five miles from Adrianople. This bridge, which is not far from the Bulgarian frontier, the Turks left intact, a characteristic piece of care lessness in the earlier part of the war in keeping with all other signs of Tur kish demoralization and wrongheaded ness, which might easily lead the Bul garians to think that Adrianople would not resist a brilliant onslaught. Mustapha Pasha became the head quarters of the second Bulgarian army. Making Bomb-Thrower Out of Host. ,f,(ir\lliy UUIM U- I 111 WTV I VM. VI liwat. An English wit of reputation, who has been visiting New York for the last two weeks, remarked at the con clusion of a little dinner given him: “It's been excellent. I never heard older stories nor drank newer wino in my life.” Tenacious Woman. She has her hands full keeping her temper, keeping her house, keeping her cook, keeping her youth, keeping her husband and other things. under General Ivanoff, who was to have the thankless task of the opera tions around Adrianople. While easy glory waß to be the fortune of Deme trleff, who commanded the first army —until the first army had to take po sitions in front without any opportu nity for flanking, which*was the na ture of Ivanoff’B task from the start. » Ivanoff Wakes Up. It vaa Papastepe and Kartaltepe which wakened Ivanoff from his dream of a final brilliant stroke in keeping with the earlier ones of the war. just as Tchatalia brought Demetrleff down from the clouds of overconfidence. Papastepe is one of many hills in the narrowing rib of the 203 Meter Hill of the siege. With guns in position there, Adrianople would be under bombardment. The Bulgarians took It by Bending in the usual cloud of in fantry and losing about a thousand men. But the Turks took it back again. Four times. I am told, it changed hands in the course of those night actions which we observed only by the brilliant flushes in the sky above the hills. Far up the valley in the mist was Kartaltepe, that other important hill which commanded the river bottom of the Arda. We took Kartaltepe in No vember and a month afterward, in one of their splendid sorties, the Turks, so far as I could learn, had taken it back; but It was r.s untenable for them as Papastepe was for the Bul garians. Possibly because it was again ours and very evidently ours perma nently, the Bulgarian censors had found it worth while to confound skepticism and persistent unfriendly rumors by allowing the correspon dents to enter the promised land of their dreams, where for weeks, be tween the batteries on the hills and the infantry in the muddy river bot tom of the Arda, hell had raged in the winter rains. We did not know then, as we were to know a few days later, that beyond Kartaltepe In the direction of Dele gatch was another force isolated from the Adrianople garrison and the main Turkish army, that of Taver Pasha with 10.000 men. caught in the literal flood of that 100-yard dash of the ready, informed, prepared aggressor against the unready enemy taken un aware and hastening re-enforcements to the scattered garrisons and trying to adjust Itself for the blow to fall with the crash of a pile driver releas ed from Its clutch. Discloses War Secret. But Taver Pasha’s 10,000 were still a force In being, with guns and full equipment —a force in a box; a force in desperation. , Do you see the Adrianople garrison (which was in touch by wireless with the Turkish main army) striking out to Connect up with Tuver Pasha? I)o you see Taver Pasha trying out lines of least resistance in a savage effort to reach Adrianople or the main Tur kish army? Something to stir the blood, this. In the way of a war drama, while not a single foreign correspondent or at tache knew* even of the existence of Taver Pasha’s command until Its sur render. U ■■ The news of this was conveyed with the official assurance that now no oth er Turkish force except that of Adri anople remained In Thrace, when we had been under the impression for over a month that it was the only one! The censors did not smile as they posted the bulletin, but some of the correspondents smiled —-at them selves. No, after the first rainbow hope of a successful general attack was over, Ivanoff was fully occupied In holding Adrianople safely In siege. That bat tery of old Krupps. which fired over the advanced Servian infantry posi tion. while a battery of Creusots in turn fired over it. added their items of evidence to the same end. These Krupps were taken by the Russians at Plevna in the war of 1577- 78 and given to the little army of the new nation of Bulgaria. Bulgarian re cruits had dragged them through the muddy roads and over the pastures and beautifully emplaced them, and were working them against the enemy with boyish pride. But the world was thinking only of the modern Creusots and their brilliant showing. The Bulgarians almost proved that you can make bricks without straw. They won the war by the bravery of their self-confidence as well ns by their courage. Adrianople, which was about to starve If It did not fall, had. I am con vinced. two months’ supplies when the armistice was signed. With the 1!) and 20-year-ol<] eonscrlpts already on the way to the front, with a casualty list that Is easily one-fifth of the whole army, there was no sign of weakening. The square chin of the stoical Bul garian was as firmly set as ever. I wonder what would happen in Europe if It Included in its borders a nation of 100,000,000 Bulgarians! Ancient Science. It is generally supposed that those who combated the opinion that the earth was a sphere when Columbus proposed his groat voyage were only giving expressions to opinions that had always been entertained. But the fact is that long before the Christian era the Greek and Egyptian philoso phers entertained the idea that the earth was round and knew vastly more about eclipses, the motions of the moon and other astronomical mat ters than many do even today. The idea of Columbus had been anticipated by the ancient philosophers by more than sixteen centuries. Seemingly Good Evidence. "Is your sou happily married?" "Yes, I’m afraid he is. I’ve done my best to convince bint that she isn’t worthy of him. but he won’t believe me." Small Boy Again. "Bobby, do you see that bright star overhead, at the top of the big cross?" "Yes.” "Well, that’s Deneb. It is nearly three quadrillions of miles away.’’ "Huh! Then how do you know Its name is Deneb?" Speak Guardedly. Speak not at all. in any wise, till you have somewhat to speak; care not for the reward of your speaking, but sim ply and with undivided mind for the truth of your suonkimr.—Cnri.i. HOW TO CURE RHEUMATISM Prominent Doctor's Beat Prescrip tion Easily Mixed at Home. Tills simple and harmless formula has worked wonders for all who have tried It quickly curing chronic Hnd acute rheumatism and backache. "From your druKKist get one ounce of Torts compound (In original scaled package) and one ounco of syrup of Sarsuparllla compound. Take these two Ingredients home and put them In a half pint of good whiskey. Shnke the bottle and take a tablespoonful before each meal and at bed-time." Good results come after the tint few doses. If your drug gist does not have Torls compound In stock he will get It for you In a few hours from his wholesale house. Don't be Influenced to tuke a patent medi cine Instead of this. Insist on having the genuine Torls compound In the original. one-ounce, sealed, yellow package. This was published here last winter and hundreds of the worst cases were cured by It In a short time. Pub lished by the Globe Pharmaceutical lab oratories of Chicago. MR. GOSLINGTON GOT EVEN Collision of 111-Mannered Man and Fire Hydrant Afforded Him Much Satisfaction. “You know the crowding, pushing, 111-mannered chaps," said Mr. Gosling ton, "that elbow their way through and crowd you off into the gutter, like as not, and pass right on with never a thought? I encountered one of them this morning in Sixth avenue. ‘He overtook me, coming up from the rear, walking faster than I. and when he had come to me ho didn’t sheer out. but kept right along, shoul dering me so that I almost fell into J the street, put in one brief moment I was more than fully avenged. "Just as this ill-mannered chap shouldered me I had arrived at a fire hydrant, for which I was about to sheePout. You know the fire hydrant? Built of cast iron, very hard, and standing up rigidly, very rigidly. You can’t just shoulder a fire hydrant out of the way, and Just as this man shoul dered me out of his course he came upon the fire hydrant, which with me covering it from view he had not seen. His next rude, reckless step forward carried him up against this fire hydrant fair and squarely per bunk! “And It didn’t break his leg, but it did make him limp; he limped quite perceptibly. I was pleased to see, as he walked away.” He’s Not There. Jimmy was sure he had something the matter with him. so he went to see the doctor. His pulse was felt, his tongue was examined, his heart was listened to. and his lungs were thumped. He seemed to be sound. "Do you sleep nights?” asked the physician. “Yes—but I don’t enjoy my sleep." "Ah —what disturbs you?" "Nothing, except I don’t get any good out of sleeping. I go to sleep the minute I hit the bed and the min ute I’m awake I have to get up. How can a fellow enjoy his sleep when he doesn’t know it.” Collecting Antiquities. Slopay received a card on which was engraved: "Professor Brace. Antiquarian.” He knew no such person, so his curi osity led him to receive him. “What is your business, professor?” he asked, politely. “I am a collector of antiquities,” an swered the old man. “So I imagined. And how can I serve you?" "By paying a deposit on this little bill you have owed fer more than i three years.” Important to Mothers Examine carefully every bottle of ; CASTOItIA, a safe and sure remedy for infants and children, and see that it Bears tho Signature of < In TTse For Over 30 Years. Children Cry for Fletcher’s Castoria Personal Privilege. “You sometimes contradict yourself In your speeches." "I know it,” replied the positive can didate. "And I want you to under stand that I am the only man in our party who dares attempt such a thing." Invalid Men and Women I will give you FREE a (ample of Dr. Pierce’* Pleasant Pellets that have brought health and happiness to thousands —also a book on any chronic disease requested. During many years of practice I have used numer- ■ ''£\ ous combinations of curative medicines for liver ills. H V. I have kept a record of the result in case after case, H ,v so that my staff of physicians and surgeons, at the H : WjpjS Invalids’ Hotel, Buffalo, N. Y„ are able to diagnose H and treat cases at a distance with uniform good results. H "V ty , But for the permanent relief of blood disorders and im- iW ‘ .gw purities, I can recommend my “Golden Medical Discovery 1 ’ K iv'.sW a blood medicine without alcohol or other injurious ingredients. BS RV- PIERCE ’ M - D - Buffa lo, N. Y - H • Nature’s Way Is The Best H Buried deep In our American forest we find blood root, queen’s |n v\V, % Vt sad stone root, golden goal, Oregon grape root and cherrybark. Of these Dr. I B| V v \ \ V R. V. 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