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EDITORIAL PAGE THE ATLANT s EORGIAN AI A (] ’ Published by THE GEORGIAN COMPANY At 20 Fast Alabama Street, Atlanta, Ga Entered as second class matter at postoffice at Atlanta. under aci of March 3, 1873 HEARST'S SUNDAY AMERICAN and THI ATLLANTA GEORGIAN will Ne malled to subscribers anywhere in the United States, Canada ard Mexico one month for $6O, three months for $1 75, six months for $3.50 and one rear for $7.00; change of address made as often uas desired roreign subscription rates on application A (Great Battle Shifts Its Base The vote on the canal tolls in the Senate is neither unex pected nor surprising, under the circumstances. It is certainly not a final vote, but simply marks the passage for a season of this great question of American rights in our canal out of the realm of Congressional discussion. The question now goes before the people. Little understood and grossly misrepresented in the partisan utterances of either side, it must now be thrashed out before the intelligence and patriotism of the great American electorate, whose decision is not only final, but almost invariably just. ~ American rights in the Panama Canal is a question not *ttled, but just beginning. It will never be settled until it is settled right. The hustings of 1914 will ring with the stirring issues which it will present. Democrats who have not been wisely represented by their representatives upon the House and Senate floors will challenge those representatives at the polls to give better answers than they have yet given for the surrender of American rights. Republicans are already full-plumed and rejoicing in the oppor tunity to assail their ancient enemy of Democracy upon the ar gument of infidelity to the assertion of the American idea. And the red-blooded Americanism of Roosevelt and his Progressives hold this surrender as a primary and unanswerable argument against the Administration and those who follow it not wisely, but too abjectly here. In every succeeding Congress this issue will be presented in one form or another, either directly or through abrogation of the English treaty, until it meets an answer better suited to the tem per of the people and to the dignity of the great republic. If it be true that in the South there has been less interest felt in this question than elsewhere, the discussion now just beginning will certainly illuminate the far-seeing sagacity of the South’s great statesman, Oscar Underwood, in urging the mighty practical concern of our vast staple product in reaching, by the cheapest route that the canal can furnish by competition of our domestic vessels with the transcontinental railroads, the ocean vessels of the Pacific that carry it to the wonderful markets of China and Japan. " For the rest, the story of the fight that ended yesterday is simple enough. A few clear, unquestioned facts survive the par tisanship and servility—of faotion. The repeal movement was not demanded by Englagd in the beginning nor pressed by England at the end. On the other hand, Taft and Knox had practically satisfled England as to the rights of our position, the ablest English law journals had conceded it, and the matter was settled. The unsolved mystery of this great issue is to discover the motive that moved Elihu Root, the great Republican corporation Senator, to reopen this great question after it sunk to rest, and to convince the President, or to be convinced by the President, that the unfortunate wrangle should be born again. It is true by all the testimony of the Foreign Affairs Com mittee of the Senate that the issue was not sprung to redeem our national honor in the treaty, but pure and simple out of the Pres ident’s honest but mistaken desire to make haste to please and conciliate England for the sake of English influences on our in ternational affairs. No man of common sense or ordinary read ing any longer questions that. Subsequent developments and general information now make plain that the sacrifice of our rights was not necessary to please England, and there is no American Senator who does not now know that Asquith and the English Government have re gretted, rather than approved, the agitation of a question which has aroused against England in this country a sentiment of hos tility of more moment to her welfare than the surrender of our domestic commerce through the canal. It was an empty sacrifice that was not necessary in fact, nor effective in results. So far as the result affects the Presidential prestige, honest thinking Americans will look beyond the clamor of partisans to gee that it was a defeat and probably an injury to the President. The President for the reasons given demanded unqualified repeal of the tolls act ‘‘ungrudgingly conceded'’ to his foreign policy. He did not get it. The President was opposed to the Norris-Simmons amend ment. He told the newspaper men so. The President was told by the Senate that if he opposed it, it would be passed over his head. He yielded to the inevitable. It is perfectly clear that without the Norris-Simmons amend ment, which the President disapproved, THE REPEAL BILL COULD NOT HAVE BEEN PASSED AT ALL! The Norris-Simmons amendment was a concession to the American sentiment of pride and dignity in our canal, literally wrung from the Senate, and over the President’s will, by the public opinion created by the ceaseless American spirit, preached and defended by the Hearst newspapers and papers like the Washington Post and Philadelphia North American. It was a distinct victory—not comprehensive and conclusive, but a final surrender of the American sentiment. WITHOUT THIS CONCESSION THE REPEAL BILL WOULD HAVE BEEN DEFEATED. It is also true that the majority of the Senate was never in favor of the bill. Nobody will ever know just how many Sena tors reversed their recorded speeches and opinions on this mat ter, just to agree with the presidential leader of the party. It is not necessary to argue here the omnipotent part that politics played in the game. Nobody doubts that if in the last month the President had simply withdrawn his demand for ‘‘ungrudging concession,’’ the repeal bill would have died or been overwhelmingly defeated. Senator Tillman, of South Carolina, said: ‘'lt staggers my : & Continued on Last Column, THE ATLANTA GEORGIAN c‘lT’S A SAD S e Copyright, 1914, XIQBY’ MATES! v oME DEA OF THOSE ows Bervics. : ];Y Yoo ~:M";';:!” |,“W \\ / You TY‘(AVT" % III‘III"(I ,‘III Wi _' < “!(I" {lI l°‘3 g &Q,"‘ 4 ) 111 IIII( VOTES i g T EMEE B /- [ [ see i WA O T e ¥ \ IJIII‘J’;,I;{! \I WoMeN! ) Yy <G MDy\wl N 74 Juntuiil g 4! { /( -;e /\ ;},\\«_\ 3 ] /~\\{/ ‘ (. £2ViRN N\ Sl AR ok /I/1111 Ro) el L) bz %;‘2; o V/; S Q‘fi//}y, o’/ II /;? /) =T SGAE P AA\ A | AIN | . A e - %@' [N N\ I;I ‘IIII T3Ay % Tl = o e SIS u€s FoR WoMen®) | II.I;(—LI’C, \ N\ \N«',v —_—— o P~ — Te —— = (AT N | R get ,&, // 5 I<, |1 7:’2'* o T S Q’J\l MUTTOENHEA\)’ v4R . 5o =7l DELAY'! <y RAR 'l‘.fll’.x \r’/\ '//'/ { / L ” \\ ‘ QN/I a 11141317 S Q\a \\ 2 :1._.'0 /‘ //,, \@»‘/ “’ / ; \\\H‘uvblv{'% ‘w}"f /,I W~ A4l Vi) || N I i N}/ /< AII RWV N TN TP\ Ty (& FL\ £ | A . ofA T IR O & ik e BT AL A 111 4o g I - e I PN <\ e 7\ RN A ZNNZ 00" [ //‘ 7A\ G )5 0 ([ AL e eWA it £ (0, ¥y N\ A7EN =__£,q—_‘s~:/, ’-: z/ \ :0‘ ’ T g famm=— —AN £ .O%fl' l The Mysteries of Science l I By GARRETT P. SERVISS I HE sights which recent as- T tronomical discoveries indi cate would be visible to an intelligent being who could go wandering at will through the universe are often so weird that only an absolute confidence in the accuracy of the observations and mathematical calculations on which those discoveries are based can induce a belief in their real existence. We speak of the stars as being suns, and so they are, in a broad general sense, but many of them are as different from our sun as it is possible to !magine, and some are veritable monsters, not only in size, but still more {n form and physical condition. The traveler through the realms of universal space would soon abandon the idea with which he might set out from the earth that every star is the center of a sys tem of worlds like our own solar system. He might, for instance, first steer his course toward the brilltant star Spica, of the con stellation Virgo, which is one of the brightest gems in the sum mer sky, and he might expect on arriving near it to find a sun immensely larger than ours, 'sur rounded by circling worlds great er and more beautiful than the earth and its companions. The light of Spica is vividly white, and it might be supposed that in its pure rays life would be more intense and enravishing than under the relatively dim light of our sun. But, on approaching Spica, he would be amazed to see that it consists of two stupendous bod fes, together welghing about fif teen times as much as our sun, and whirling round one another with fearful velocity, in a period of revolution of only four days! The distance between them lis only about 11,000,000 miles, which is less than one-third of the dis tance of the planet Mercury from the sun. Our astonished traveler would perceive that one of these huge spinning bodies gives forth but a pale, faint light, while the other is Dblindingly brilliant. Thelr speed, as they madly swing about their common center of gravity, averages 125 miles per second, and the tides of flery matter that their mutual attraction generates must race roaring and leaping around their twirling masses in blazing maelstroms! There could be no worlds re volving around two such suns as those, coupled llke giants in a death wrestle. If a planet could spring into existence there, it would immediately be whirled into one or the other of the spinning furnaces and consumed; or |t would be thrown out into space like a brand from an exploding mine. The traveler would encounter hundreds of similar struggling suns, including some which, as seen from the earth, appear to be single stars, placidly shining in their corners of space, and glv ing no hint of thelr actual condi tion, except such as that most wonderful instrument, the spec troscope, can gather. Then as he pursues his way, he would come upon such bodies as the star R-2, in the constellation Centaurus, which consists of two elongated, egg-shaped masses, of equal size and luminosity, which are united together at their smaller ends, and whirl around their point of junction once every fourteen and one-half hours! Did anyone ever dream that such an object could exist among the stars? In the bright star Beta Lyrae our wanderer would find again two extraordinary bodies caught in the maze of gravitation, and gvrating around one another like those in Centaurus, but with their gmall ends not quite touching. In this case the sizes of the two bod {es, as well as their shapes, have been ascertained. The larger is thirty-one million miles in length, or_ thirty-five times the diame ter of our sun, while the length of the smaller i{s twenty-four mil lion miles. The distance between their center is only about thirty million miles, so that their flery noses are separated by not more than thres million miles. The mass of the larger of these wonderful bodies 1s twenty-one, and that of the smaller ten times the mass of the sun. But their average density does not exceed that of the atmosphere at sea level, so that they are truly nebu lous stars~-newborn twins, vyet dim-eyed and unlinked, crude of form, but destined to become a full-fledged double atar in the remote future. Hundreds of other instances of the bizarre objects that a cu rious rover through starry space would come upon could be men tioned, for the known number of these strange phenomena is rap {dly increasing, but enough has been said to show how foolish it is for us dwellers in the sunlight to think that our little flower gar den is a type for the universe. l Dividing a Circle ] —*"“CAN you tell why the e circle +8 divided into 360 degrees?! Is this arbitrary or made by rule?” A.—When history began, the Babylonians were using this di vision. Very early observers, without telescopes, sextants, ar millary spheres or any instru ment of geometric precision, thought that the earth turns on its axis 380 times while moving around the sun once. They could not possibly have discovered the modern fact that the earth turns around 363.25643% times when making one exact revolution arcund the sun. Wilson Tanff Policy Benefits Other Nations: Not the U. S. A Letter From an Expert \l”ho Has.:'tudied Markets Rather Than School Maxims. (From The New York American.) By S. G. M'LENDON, Ea-Chairman of the Georgia State Railway Commission, and one of the leading tariff experts of the South. Editor New York American: Sir—Mr. Hearst's war on the private ownership of public ser vants by corporate interests is magnificent, and is a superbly patriotic effort to restore govern ment to the people, Of all editors In the United States who write upon the tariff he ls the best informed, the most forceful and unanswerable. His opinions are in harmony with the opinions of the world’'s lead ing statesmen, past and present, and strikingly In accord with those of Jefferson, Madison, Monroe and Jackson, the found ers of American Democracy. Destroys Power to Give. No nation in the adjustment of jts trade regulations can with {ntelligent safety ignore the prin ciples upon which other nations adjust their international trade policies. Mr. Hearst has a most comprehensive and remarkable grasp of this great principle, and knows that while tariff regula tions blindly made may not lead to immediate disaster, the im munity from harmful consequen ces is a fortunate result of acci dent rather than the reward of wise forethought. The foreigner, the importer and the retailer all have a nand in price-making which Congress can not control. The abandonment of the pro tective principle, so far as to destroy effective defense in tar iff regulation, {s the voluntary wiping out of the power to give, which s absolutely essential in reciprocity—which is giving and taking. The United States can make no reciprocal trade agreement of value with Brazil because we admit coffee and hides, her prin cipal exports, free of duty, while Brazil excludes American cotton by the imposition of an import duty of 71-4 cents per pound. France admits cotton free of duty, but charges an import duty of $llB.BO on cvery 100 pounds of cotton manufactured into gloves. French duty on corn is 15 cents per bushel; on wheat, 37 cents per bushel; on sugar, 2.72 cents per pounds, and on wool, 2.85 cents per pound. Tariff for Revenue Only. With his magnificent chain of papers spanning a continent, Mr. Hearst asks the American people how their foreign trade with France can be extended and in creased by our simply lowering our duty on gloves, wheatycorn, wool and sugar. I There can be no reciprocity where the tariff of one country is based solely on revenue. The import tariff of Siam s written in twenty-four words. It i{s this: “The duty on goods imported into the Kingdom of Siam in vessels belonging to for eign nations shall not exceed 8 per cent of their value.” Here we have an ideal tariff for revenue only. The highest statesmanship is that which preserves in its tar iff adjustments a home econom ic equilibrium as between agri culture, manufactures, forestry and mining. I have every tariff act of Con gress from 1789 to date. I have every tariff law in the world which was in force in 1913, some 340 of them. They make, so far as important nations are con cerned, one vast machine, each part performing its function in subjugation to the whole. i As Herbert Spencer sald, no man can understand a part une less he understands the whole to which that part belongs. Num bers of these tariffs of foreign countries I have compared with our own. Having thus been to some extent a student of this sub ject, | am firmly convinced that Mr. Hearst's views on the tariff are the only ones which can be followed in this country with wisdom and success. Effect of Reciprocity. Great Britain iz now a tariff for-revenue-only country. Since 1892, however, it has enjoyed the protection of preferential tariff treatment by {ts colonies. The benefit to Great Britain in this respect may be seen in a single item. In 1903, the last year of equal treatment, the United States sold to New Zealand $513,- 000 worth of shoes while Great Britain sold $565,000 worth. Af ter 1908 British shoes were im ported into New Zealand at one half the tariff imposed on shoes from other countries. The result was that in 1910 the United States sold to New Zealand only $BO,OOO worth of shoes, while Great Brit ain sold $1,090,000 ‘worth. These and thousands of kindred facts Mr. Hearst contends must be considered in tariff legisla tion. | consider Mr. Hearst as an ex pounder of international tariff relations on a level of ability with Webster as a great expounder of the Constitution. ‘When the people of the United States study this great economic problem they will, in my opinion, overwhelmingly adopt the poli cies of Mr. Hearst Sl THE HOME PAPER Flla Wheeler ' W 1 I COX N | HomeMaking—TooMany | Women Swathe Bodies in Fine, Dainty Raiment, but Leave Their Abodes inWild,Squalid Disorder. By Ella Wheeler Wilcox Copyright, 1914, by The Star Company. WOMAN whose perfection A of fashionable attire might have served as a model for the “Dally Hint From Paris” asked acquaintances she had made at a friend’'s house to call. When these acquaintances called they were surprised to find a poorly furnished home, whose every corner cried of disorder. Littered tables; books awry, and tattered magazines on shelves, Rugs with curling corners; dust and desolation everywhere. No spirit of home to be felt or seen anywhere. Another woman, whose devo tion to her church was so great that she could scarcely converse five minutes on any other sub ject than her own particular brand of orthodox religion, and whose labors in the interests of foreign missions made her a de light to that organization, lived in a house which might have been Pandora's Box; for confusion and disorder filled it from cellar to attic. There were no soft draperies at its windows; no feminine touches on tables or dressers; no easy lounges or chairs; and not one object which pleased the eye or appealed to the mind or heart. A tent upon the desert would have seemed more homelike than this house. All These Firmly Believe Themselves To Be Good Women. A young woman whose occupa tion was art work, and her spe cialty “Interior decoratjon,” lived in a home of ugliness and dlsor der, All these women believed them selves to be good women; they would have resented an accusa tion of immorality. Yet there is an element of im morality in disorder. Order was heaven's first law, we we are told. The C‘eat Creator of our solar gystems must have observed this law with great exactness, or chaos would reign now. There can be no real satisfac tion in the association with a wo man who is disorderly in her habits and in her home. No matter if she be a para gon of virtues, and a marvel of talent, and an angel of unselfish ness in her impulses, she is not a thoroughly good woman if her home lacks order, cleanliness and comfort. There is an element of the crude savage in a woman who decorates her person with fashionable and expensive attire, and who neglects her home. She {s but a few deg Tees removed A Great Battle Shifts Its Base Continued From First Column. common sense to understand why the President should have pro jected this issue upon the country and the party at this time!"’ It remains to be seen what the common sense of the country thinks of it. Washington Sentiment The Washington correspondent of a local paper proclaims and reiterates that all Washington is rejoicing at President Wil son’s victory in the tolls matter. As a matter of fact, exactly the contrary is true. The Cap ital City is opposed to the President on the tolls question. Its sentiment is best represented by its newspapers. Six months ago The Star was practically the President’s organ. The Times was his eulogist and the great Morning Post was his advocate. Tos day each of these papers is his critic and opponent. The Post led the anti-repeal fight with conspicuous ability. The Star col umns charge the President with being responsible for the mis. fortunes of his party, and ‘‘all Washington’’ lacks a great sight of being pleased at the triumph of the Transcontinental railways. The Transcontinental Railway monopoly, including primarily the Canadian Pacific Railway, is holding hfih carni. val to-day over its crowning triumph in the repeal of the canal act which would have established its only competitorl Mighty, indeed, is the Transcontinental Railway Monopolyl from the squaw who emerges from a squalid tent, attired in a red blanket, and decked with bright beads and much paint. Or the Bedouln woman, who lives in a cave cut in the side of some old decaying wall, or who roams from tent to tent, driven forth by vermin, but always swathing her self in artistic folds of drapery, and hanging savagely beautiful chalns of strange jewels on throat and arms, Unless the home-making In stinct has developed in a woman, " unless she strives to make her abode clean, neat and attractive to the eye, she {s undeveloped and uncultured, even though she be a graduate of a dozen colleges and an oracle of wisdom. A Home-Making Instincy Most Needed Quality in Feminine World. The real home-making instinct is the most needed quality in the feminine world to-day, and it is rarely met with. There are countless homes which exhibit the upholsterer's taste and indicate a lavish expen diture of money. A man recently was describing a home which had been prepared for a bride whose husband pos sessed large means. “There was not one suggestion of a HOME in the house,” he said. “It was all llke a cafe or hotel in Paris or New York.” Great fortunes are not needed to make a home, Much love, some taste, and a little money will produce a home which is a miniature paradise. The woman who cares enough about her abode to give it thought can find a hundred helpful hints in any and every monthly and weekly periodical in the land, and with a few simple, inexpensive materials, a few plants, a cautious approach toward color schemes, and much care in order and cleanliness, and a prayer always in her heart that she may found a home which igs an expression of love and peace and comfort for its occupants she can not falil. Order Is Heaven’s First Law and Woman'’s First Duty. Once a woman has established such a home she has found the greatest career which has ever been opened to woman or ever will be. She has made a success of her life. The disorderly and untidy and uncomfortable home bespeaks a woman who is a failure in life no matter what she may have done, Order {s heaven's first law and woman’s first duty.