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THE MIDLAND JOURNAL < PUBLISHED ■VERY FRIDAY MORNING BY bros. (USING SUN CECIL COUNTY MARYLAND | JBnterad m Second Clara Matter at Post Office In Rising Sun. Maryland Under Act of Congress of March 3, 1879 INDEPENDENT IN POLITICS AND ALL OTHER SUBJECTS TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION ONE YEAR. IN ADVANCE ... g 1.50 SIX MONTHS ..... *l.l*o THREE MONTHS ..... .50 ? SINGLE COPY. S CENTS >■■ 1 1 AnnURTIHUTfI RATES FURNISHED ON APPLICATION (Foreign Advertising Representative THE AMERICAN PRESS ASSOCIATION FRIDAY, AUGUST, 27, 1937 LABOR’S NEW DRIVE After taking a straggering right to the jaw from independent steel companies and a blow to the heart from New Dealers last month John L. Lewis’s C. I. O. was again trading punches with industrial employers last week. With renewed vigor the C. I. 0. was pushing an extensive drive in nine states to obtain collective bar gaining within another basic mass production industry. Lewis’s lieuten ants, heads of the Textile Worker.) Organizing Committee, announced that they had called out on strike 30,000 of the 58,000 workers em ployed in silk and rayon mills throughout New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and the New England states. T. W. O. C. leaders termed the present strike “the most successful” In the history of the $290,000,000 silk and rayon industry. In New Eng land 10,000 workers were already signed with the C. 1.0., and by the end of the week 8,000 had signed in Pennsylvania- General purpose of the strike was to force employers into granting col lective bargaining. Whereas Lewis’s fight to organize independent steel company workers was repulsed by the stubborn resist ance of company officials, he did not expect to meet similar opposition from textile bigwigs. Most employers in this basic industry would like union organization as a means of stabilizing operating conditions in a traditionally disorganized field. O EVERY FOURTH WORK DAY “Americans must work nearly one full year out of every eight—or about six weeks out of every year just to pay the cost of the Federal government,” says the Unitied States News. “When the local and state govern ment costs are added to the j expen ditures of the national government jthe average American must work two years out of every eight to pay the cost of government.” The tax collector gets a cut in every pay check. His unseen hand reaches in and takes part of all the money you spend—for food, amuse ment, clothing, train fare, power ser yice. And his percentage is today greater than it ever was in peace time in this country. The Twentieth Century Fund estimates that total government costs have swelled to $17,000,000,- <OOO a year. That is approximately 25 per cent of the national income in good times. When you work four .weeks, the public treasuries take your earnings for one of the weeks. ■■ o —■ 4-H membership grows One of the most hopeful signs for the future of agriculture, the Michigan Farmer points out, is that the enrollment in 4-H clubs passed the million mark for the first time, In 1936- Membership continues to Increase. The young men and women who join the 4-H will be the producers of tomorrow. In their <olub work, they are Instructed in new methods and {techniques that make it possible for |the farmer to raise larger crops and Barn a greater return. They are given an opportunity to develop qualities of leadership that will prove inval uable to them In the future —for {example, In the agricultural cooper ative movement which is constantly growing in size and economic and aocial significance. In brief, they are Wisely making careers of farming. ■ O More than 600 boys and girls from every county in the state of Mary land were registered at the nineteen- Mh annual 4-H Club Week at the [University of Maryland from August 6 to 10. Marjorie McKnight, of Dor chester county, was named the grand prize winner in the Style Revue held on monday. Miss McKnight’s winning joostume was a blue taffeta evening dress with jacket and accessories. She will represent the state of Mary land in a national style revue to be November in conjunction with the RnnuM meeting of the 4-H Club Con fress in Chicago. Foreign Adverting Representative THE AMERICAN TRESS ASSOCIATION \ WAR NOT DECLARED Not since 1917 has a major nation declared war. Yet in the intervening years there have been a number of f[ar-reaehing!, sanguinary conflicts. What might be termed Mars’ modern technique does not require a formal declaration of war—armies are mobilized, soldiers and civilians are slaughtered, cities are devastated and governments change even while, officially speaking, actual war does not exist. In Italy’s Ethiopian campaign, for example, war was not declared —but the result of the invasion was to eliminate the Ethiopian Monarchy and make the country into an Italian colony governed by the Italian Milit ary. Russia and France have not de clared war on the Spanish In surgents, mor have Germany and Italy broken off relations with the Spanish Government—yet it is no secret that Franco’s cause has been kept alive with the aid of German and Italian troops and equipment, while the Government forces would have collapsed long since had it not been for Russian airplanes and arm aments and French military experts. To-day in the Far East the world is again witnessing a war without a de claration of war that is of the utmost significance not only to the nations involved, but to the Western World as well. Japan has gone to the limit in re cent years to build up her army and navy. For a small country, she has an amazing military machine,, far superior to that of the Chinese — though China her self has made pro gress in unifying and strengthening the country. China’s greatest weak ness has always been the corruption of her local governments—as Oswald Garrison Villard has written, “The purchasing of Chinese statesmen and generals is Japan’s long suit; it has advanced her policy of conquest far more rapidly than have her rifles and cannon.” The central, Nanking government has usually proven un able to control the superabundant local War Lords—each with his own interest at heart and each suspicious of the others. The situation as it exists in China, is as if each Ameri can state governor had a great pri vate army which he could use for any purpose he wishes, even to the extreme of fighting the armies of neighboring governors. As a consequence, plus Japan’s far more efficient and modern war mach ines, it is believed certain that the Japanese will encounter relatively little trouble in conquering the north provinces. She will take over cities and accomplish destruction on a vast scale, and probably replace present local governments with puppet Chin ese governments controlled by the Japanese, as she did in Manchuria. But in the long run Japan’s chances of success are dubious. China is a tremendous country, with the largest population in the world. Not since the dawn of history has it been per manently conquered—over a period of many years, the invaders inter marry with the Chinese and are virt ually swallowed by the immense country. China has mere than half a billion people as against Japan’s 75,000,000. Furthermore, it seems inconceiv able that Japan will be permitted by other powers to advance unhind ered into China. Russia is strongly anti-Japanese and will, if matters go far enough, throw her resources to the side of China. And if it came down to a Russo-Japanese war, most military experts think the bear would win. England will attempt to limit Jap an’s conquest in the interest of her own trade, and so, in all probability, will United States and France. And lastly, it is a question whether Ja pan’s financial resources are suffici ent to stand a long struggle—today more than 60 per Cent of her govern ment’s budget is earmarked for the army and navy, and she has a soar ing national debt. So here is another grave threat to world peace—the gravest, perhaps that has yet appeared. Whether war is actually declared is only of theo retical importance—to all Intents THE MIDLAND JOURNAL, FRIDAY, AUGUST, 27,1987 Questions And Answers WHAT’S WHAT ABOUT SOCIAL SECURITY Q. 36 1 have just started in bus iness and am desirous of knowing what information I should keep in order to make monthly reports under the old-age benefit taxing tit’e of the Social Security Act. A. 36 The SS-1 form on which you will report the amount of taxes deducted from your employees ana the amount you pay requires: (It Number of employees; (2) taxable wages paid during the month; (3) employer’s tax (one percent of No-2); (4) credit or adjustment (no taxes which will not apply to first return); (5) total employer’s tax; (6) employees’ tax (one percent of No. 2); (7)credit or adjustment (no application in first return); (S) total employees'-tax; (9) total amoont of taxes (No. 5 and No- 8). You should also be sure and have each employ ee’s account number. Q. 37 How can I get a job in the old-age benefits office? A. 37 The Federal Bureau of Old-Age Benefits is a department of the Federal Government. All employ ees, with the exception of a few ex perts in the Bureau, are taken dir ectly from Civil Service registers. Q. 38 What must a person do in order to qualify for old-age benefits’ 1 A. 38 There are three require ments which qualify, a person for old-age benefits: (1) He must be at least 65 years of age; (2) he must have earned not less than ?2,000 total wages from employment, not specifically exempted from the Act, after December 31, 1936, and before the age of 65; (3) he must have re ceived wages from employment in some day in each of five years after Decmeber 31, 1936, and before the age of 65. Q. 39 Who collects taxes under Social Security? A. 39 The taxes provided by the Social Security Act are collected by the Bureau of Internal Reveilue, governed by such rules and regulat ions as the Bureau may make and subject to such penalties as are set forth in the Act and regulations issued thereunder. Q. 40 How many people must be employed in a store to have that store come under the Social Security Act? A. 40 For the old-age benefit section, one person is sufficient to bring a store under the Act. For the unemployment compensation sec tion under the Federal Act, eight or more employees are necessary. Under the State acts this varies according to the different States from one l> eight persons. OPPORTUNITIES STILL EXIST Commenting on the “opportunities for youth in the electric utility in dustry,” H. P. Liversidge, Vice-Pres ident, Philadelphia Electric Com pany, said: “Twenty-five years ago a young man with an engineering education accepted as a foregone conclusion the fact that one of the was the electric light and power in dustry.” He then pointed out the remark able growth of the industry, the con stant downward revision of rates, the fact that no nation in the world approaches the United States in the wide availability of electric services, and said: “This has been accomplish ed through the traditional American system of encouraging individual en terprise under suitable regulation and control.” Mr. Liversidge feels that the political maligning of the industry is going to run its course and that the soundness of the Ameri can system will finally confuse the most desirable opening for him socialistic propagandists. , o ~ It is said by the entomology de partment of the University of Mary land that the oramental Cherry tree is often and seriously attacked by the Japanese beetle. The largest Hackberry tree in the state of Maryland is said to be lo cated near Vinton, Somerset county, and is 68 feet high, has a spread of 86 feet, and is 12 feet two inches in circumference around the trunk. o Southern Maryland Fair will be held at Upper Marlboro from Aug ust 25 to September 4 inclusive. o “WIND” An exciting tale, by Maurice Buck ley, about icy hands that killed a “hero” who couldn’t forget. Read this interesting short story in the September sth issue of the American Weekly, the big magazine supple ment with the Baltimore Sunday American. On sale at all local news dealers. and purposes a major war is now un derway in the Far East, and interest* directly affecting every nation In the world are involved I aka 4id.va.nta.aa ok A/aw /low )Q.atal Enjoy Extra Freedom with a modern Electric Range! Thanks to our recent rate reduc- you .. . and do all jobs quickly, tion, it will cost less than ever to Come in and see our corn cook electrically. And besides sav plete line of Quality, Crawford ing money, a modern Electric and Hotpoint Electric Ranges. Range will give you blessed leisure Prices start at $89.50 cash; .. . cook an entire oven meal slightly higher on budget plan without a speck of attention from —EASY TERMS! Conowingo Power Company ELECTRICITY—CHEAPER IN QUANTITY NEW LABOR UNION AGAINST SIT DOWNS Terming sit-down strikes "un- American,” the new Independent Labor Federation of America has made public its policies, declaring it would use strikes, walk-outs and “slow-ups” only as a last resort. Clarke M. Seltzer, counsel for the federation, which was formed in op position to both the American Fed , eration of Labor and the Committee for Industrial Organization, announc ed this purpose: “To preserve the right of the American working man to work without paying tribute to a racketeer and without fear of violence, coer cion or intimidation.” The federation was organized at a convention of delegates from sever al states, representing unaitiliated unions, at Hershey, Pa. Charles E. Hallman, of Hershey, head of the indpendent union which defeated the CIO in an election con ducted by the National Labor Rela tions Board after the April 7 riot, was named president of the new fed eration. The other officers are Reg inald Boote, Ilion, N.Y., vice preside ent and Mrs. Maude Painter, Leb anon, secretary. The federation and all affiliates are to be "self-supporting, self-man aging, uninfluenced, and without domination, coercion, or financial aid of industrial management.” Affiliates will be required to con fine their memberships to those ac tually employed in industry. o THE HUMAN SIDE OF MERCHANDISING Much has been written concerning the benefits that accrue to farmers from producer-consumer campaigns carried on by chain stores to dispose of surplus agricultural crops. But there is another side to these campaigns that cannot be expressed in figures—the human side. A short time ago an agricultural field expert want into a territory raising peaches pears. Chains had conducted a special drive to move a canned over-supply. He talked to leading citizens and found them enthusiastic about the work done. An automobile agent in the area reported farmers had more money to spend. Local merchants, independent as well as chain, gave the chains credit for stimulating local income, which reflected in better times for all stores. A fruit grower said the chain campaign pulled producers “out of a bad hoi*.” The county tax collector sajfi tax delinquencies were second lowest in history. A minister said that the Increased farmer income made it easy to fin ance a church. So it went in many conversations. A collapse in the buying power of local farmers means depression and hard times for everyone. Campaigns which move farm produce at profit able prices maintain nation-wide prosperity- o Modern youngsters might show re spect for their betters. They Just l don’t happen to see any. Crossbow, Medieval Arm, Death to Man or Beast Used not only as a military weap on but also as the sporting arm of the hunter of the Middle ages, the powerful crossbow, or arbalest, has ; a romantic and interesting history, notes Bob Becker in the Chicago Tribune. It is believed to have been introduced into England as a mili tary and sporting arm by the Nor man invaders in 1066, and it is known to have been popular in con tinental European countries even before that time, having been used for hunting stags, wild boars, hares, and other game. As a soldier’s tveapon it was branded as “hateful to God and unfit for Christians.” But sportsmen of the Middle ages became so fond of their crossbows that they continued to use them for more than 50 years after the intro duction of the handgun. Crossbows date back to the Fourth century. Manuscripts of the Tenth century mention the weapon. The main parts of the crossbow are the arbrier (or stock) and the j short, powerful bow mounted on the stock at right angles. At the bow end is a “stirrup” or loop of iron. The bowstring, when at tension, is released by a trigger. For its dis charge the weapon is held up to the shoulder. -• The force of the released bow string propels a short arrow known as a bolt (or quarrel), a stone, clay ball, or other missile with terrific force. The earliest types of cross bows were crude affairs with wood- j en bows. These were liable to warp ; or break. So brossbowmen devised i the composite bow made by combin- i ing horn and whalebone, or yew ! and animal tendons. It is thought that the first composite bows, those made by the Saracens, were brought to Europe during the Twelfth century. Why Wyoming Is Equality State ! Wyoming is nicknamed the Equal- ! ity state because it was the first | state in the Union to grant equal i suffrage to women. Wyoming’s first j territorial legislature met in Chey- 1 enne in December, 1869, and grant ed women the right to vote in all elections. In 1889 a state constitution was drawn up and submitted to congress, which was approved July 10, 1890, and this contained an equal suffrage clause. Why Some Candy Tastes Sweeter Some candies are sweeter than others because of a difference in the size of the sugar crystals. Such candies as fondants have very fine crystals which dissolve as soon as they are touched by saliva. These taste much sweeter than the candies made of large crystals which dis solve slowly and so reach the taste buds more gradually. JVhy the Match “Lights” A match '‘lights” when 4 is struck because the heat generated by friction when the match head is rubbed against a rough surface causes the chemicals comprising it to unite. This chemical action gen erates more heat which kindles the match stick, making the flame. o Florida will outlaw all slot ma chines October Ist. o ■ Timonlum, Maryland’s State Fair, will be held this year from Septem ber 6 to 15, according to M. L. Daiger, Secretary of the Fair. WHY======= Teeth Decay Is Still Unsolved Problem to Dentists. Why teeth decay is still an un- I solved problem to dentists. The ! search is being constantly carried j on to find some factor that may be I held responsible but without any J definite success. A test was recent i ly made at Harvard Dental school j where an instructor in operative j dentistry and an assistant professor j in oral medicine made a detailed j study of 110 cases of children who ! came under their observation for ; caries or tooth decay. These inves- I tigators found statistical evidence | that boys suffer more than girls | from tooth decay. Examination of : ninety-eight cases showed that fifty i one girls, with an average age of ! 7.8 years, had an average of 8.1 cavities an individual, while forty ! seven boys, with an average age ; of 6.0 years, had an average of 13.7 j cavities an individual. Twenty cases I including the five best and five worst I among boys and girls showed that .he high caries among boys aver aged 32.2 and among girls 16.8, and in the low caries group the boys averaged 2.6 while the girls had no cavities. Heredity, diet and a large num ber of other factors were studied without finding any positive corre lation with tooth decay. The only items that seemed to have any con nection, as causes, were childhood diseases involving prolonged fever, i the presence of aciduric bacilli in ■ the mouth, and to a slighter extent | rickets in early childhood. | Why Birds Build Nests in Which to Rear Young When a bird constructs a nest, it does so not for itself but for ex pected young, and when completed is the effect of a succession of ac tions to which the builder is im pelled by an inner sense that they ! must be done, now and in a certain ! way, or no peace of mind is possible. | These impulses we call instincts, i says a writer in the Montreal Her j aid. 1 Whether or not a young bird moth er has any knowledge or expecta ■ tion of what will happen to her eggs is doubtful. Is she amazed when living chicks break out of the mysterious egg-shells? Instinct tells her they must be cared for, and henceforth she will be helped in the responsibility thrust on her by noticing what other birds are doing. All young animals learn chiefly by imitation of their elders. Ostriches drop their eggs on the open desert and are content, while the oceanic birds deposit their treasures on bare ledges of sea fronting cliffs, or on beaches or within holes and crannies. In fact, a very large proportion of all the birds in the world do not make anything that could be called “nest.” Why We Eat Glue If anyone asked you to have a helping of glue you’d be most of fended, wouldn’t you? All the same, you eat lots of it fevery day—in meat, says a writer in Pearson’s j London Weekly. Boiled meat falls apart into fibres. In raw meat these fibres are glued together, and very tightly, too. To get this glue from the meat you must boil it until it falls to pieces. The material which glued the fibres together will then be dissolved in the water. Let this solution cool and it will turn to a jelly. If you then dry this jelly, what do you think you will have? Ordinary furniture glue. —*