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4 & CIMliOTilje VOL. V. CIIILLICOTIIE, LIVINGSTON CO., MISSOURI, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 9. 1882. NO. 25 THE FINANCIAL QUESTION. Peter Cooper's Letter Beck. to Senator The Defeat of Sherman's Refunding Bill Demanded. The Cheap Transportation Question Settled. The Kind of Democracy the People Demand. Sknatou Buck My Dear Sir: I see that John Sherman is making a des perate effort in the senate, to force a vote on hie 3 per cent funding bill, at as early a day as possible. The people of this country who have given some attention to this financial question are watching with deep inter est the discussion that is taking place n reference to this bill. This bill can not be regarded in any other light by Intelligent minds than an effort on the part of those who advocate it, to fasten a portion of the public debt upon the people, bo that it cannot easily lie paid, and to perpetuate the existence of the national banks. Senators who support this bill, will not, as I believe, in the future, be sup ported by the people. I sincerely hope that you will make one of your ablest speeches in opposi tion to this bill, and in favor of abol ishing bank currency as fast as the characters of these banks expire. This whole system of issuing money and making it a gratuity to rich bankers, is one of the most infamous frauds ever perpetrated upon ths people. Now, can any plausible reason be given why the government of the United States should issue $302,000,000 of notes, and endow such notes with the function of money, und f radically make them a free gilt to rich bunkers, while the masses of the people have to work for every dollar of this money that comes into their possession? Why, sir, if this volume of currency was issued in the form of legal tender notes, the working classes of this coun try would supply for it, the labor and material requisite to build two lines of double track railroad from the Atlantic 4i i 10 me I'aciuc coast, ana niiiy equip "' V i. i . A ! ...1. 1!:-... II.......... tUOBU roaus, HI1U 111 uuuiuuu mnrm, construct fifty lirst-class ocean steam ers, by which the question of cheap tranaportation.both at home and abroad could forever be settled in the interests of the people. Ilailroads built in this way would be ownvd by the people, and through them they could interchange their poducts without having more than half of them consumed in paying large dividends on watered stocks, and hired interest on preferred stocks, in fact, without pay ing interest on any stocks or bonds whatever. Why not introduce a bill that shall make provision for retiring bank currency as the bank charters ex pire, and to substitute for the notes of the expiring banks, treasury notes made legal tender, and at the option of the government redeemable in coin, or in n three per cent inter-convertable bond, and put the treasury notes thus to be issued in circulation by providing cheap trausportation routs for the people, as I have here indicated? AVhy should the people who create the wealth of the nation, be compelled to contribute the largest share of that wealth to the owners of the money, and the owners of the transportation lines, the medium through which the products of the people's labor are interchanged? Why should Messrs. Gould, Vandcr bilt. Sage, Miller, Huntington, Crooker, and a few other railroad managers, and a few hundred bankers in New York be permitted to accumulate the bun- ,1 j dreus ot minions oi uonars, uy biuhmj contra 1 ne the money and transport tion, that should belong to the w'.ole taoDle? Is it not because we have men of John Sherman's stamp in the UniteJ States senate and in congress who are legislating in the interests of. these Dartles? Is it not about time that such men should step aside and the true repre sentative of the neonlos' interests should step to the front and pass measures for the benefit of the people, ano not soieiy for that of rich bankers and railroad magnates? If this 3 per cent funding bill of John Sherman's should pass, tlis bonds it rrovideB for issuing, would command a premium in one year of four or five ' per sent which would be two or three times the amount of the interest saved over the 3 per cent. Besides this with our surplus reven ues, it would only require about HI years to pay off every one of the 3J per cent bonds. This cry of Mr. Sherman's of "sav ing interest" is just a pretense on his part; the real object of the bill is to perpetuate the public debt, and by that meens to continue to usue bank cur rency. The whole system of issuing cun aicy by banks, whether they are private, state or national, is one that will bring panics, and wide-spread bankruptcy and financial ruin. It is a perpetual scheme for inflation and contraction, for sending the prices of property up, and sending them down for permitting people to get in debt on bank paper and forcing them to pay ,hose debts in coin for selling property when it is high, and buying it on fore- closures when it is low. About every ten years the business men of this country are forced through bankruptcy, and their property is ah- orbed by hankers and money lenders through the process. I send you, herewith, some docu ments which contain tables, taken "m the finance report which will bjw you how inflation and contrac tion was carried on under the old state bank system ; and also show what a system of legalized fraud the present system of national banks would become if the legal tenders were destroyed, and tht tax on bank circulation re moved. I also send you a copy of my letter to . Secretary Folger, reviewing his lost re port I trust you will examine these docu ments carefully, and that your voice will be heard with great clearness on this subject, before a vote is taken on (his bill of Mr. Sherman's. , Congress should at once prohibit any further refunding of the public debt, and should pay the debt as fast as possible. It should also prohibit any further r charter of the national banks, or the issue of any more bank ctumnoy of any kind, it should provide also for the unlimited coinage of gold and silver, and for the iBsue of gold and silver certificates and legal tender notes, to take the place of the notes of the national banks as fast as their charters tx pi re. In addition to this It should provide cheaper transportation, and poslotlice savings banks for the people. This will secure the best interests of those who create the wealth of the na tion by labor, and not solely of those who absorb that wealth through class legislation and especial privileges. One reason why Mr. Sherman is push ing this 3 per cent bill is that $213, 01)0,000 of the bonds now held by the treasury to secure bank currency are the 3A per cents and by paying these off as rapi lly as is now being done, the banks are compelled to surrender their circulation or pay a high premium for 4.J per cent bonds to be held us their legal reserve, and as security for these notes. The questions of currmcy and the payment of the public debt are of vast importance to the American people. The future stability and prosperity of our government depend greatly upon a wise settlement ot these momentous interests. The American people will never al low these subjects to rest quietly until Ihey are safely moored to those sure foundation principles of eternal truth and justice on which our fathers placed the constitution of the United States. The constitution was designed to es tablish a government of the people for the people, and make it a shield of protection for the unsuspecting masses of the people against those that are lesorting to all forms of art to obtain property without labor. The framers of the constitution would never have recommended one kind of money for the government, and another for the people, auu another for the banks. In settling these questions of debt and currency we should tie governed by the opinion of such a strong cham pion of democracy as Thomas Jeffer son, when, in his letter to Mr. Epps, he said : "liank paper must be suppress! d, and the circulating medium must be restored to the nation to whom it be longs. It is the only fund on which they can rely for loans; it is the only resourco which can never fail them, ind it is an abundant one for every necessary purpose, treasury bills, bot tomed on taxes, bearing or not bearing interest, as may be found necessary, thrown into circulation will take the place of so much gold or silver, which last, when crowdedill Und an elllux into other countries, and tlni3 keep the quantum of medium at its salutary level. That great statesman and philoso pher, lieiij.miin Franklin, also, has given us a valuable suggestion in ref erence to our currency, when he said: On the whole, no method lias hith erto been found to establish a medium of trade, equal in all its advantages to bills of credit, made a general legal tender. Paper money, well founded, has great advantages over gold and silver, being light, and convenient for handling in large sums, and not likely to be reduced by demand lor exporta tion." That life-long Democrat and states man, .J ol in c. Calhoun, while a member of the United States senate, said: No one can doubt but that the gov ernment credit is better than that of any bank more stable and more safe. . Hunk paper is cheap to those who make it, but dear, very dear to those w ho use it. On the other hand, the credit of the government, while it would greatly facilitate its hiuuicial operations, would cost nothing, or next to nothing, both to it and the piople, and would, of course, add nothing to the cost of production, which would give every branch of our industries agriculture, commerce, and manufac tures, as lar as its circulation might ex tend, great advantages both at home and abroad; and I now undertake to affirm, and without the least fear that I can be answered, that a paper issued by government, with the simple piom ise to receive it for all itsdi.es, leaving its creditors to take it, or gold, nr sil ver, at their option would, to the ex tent it could circulate, from a perfect paper circulation, which could not be abused by the government; that it would be as uniform in value as the metals themselves; and I shall be able to prove (bat it is within the constitu tion und powers of congress to use such a paper in the management ef its linances, according to the most rigid rule of costruing the constitution." The following is also from the pen of Herbert Spencer, who is regarded as one of the first writers and ablest thinkers of his nge. "England herself does not in reality base her currency on specie, nor could she without bringing all business to a d'-ad stop in a very short time. She just mixes enough of Ibis specie basis fiction in her finances to continually or periodically divest the laboring classes ot their eatnings for the benefit of the uobilitv. liut for the real basis of val ue to her currency, she makes the notes of the Bank of England, as well as her coins, a full legal tender for the pay- ment of debts, but not the notes of the other banks. From this we see that even in England specie basis is a mere fiction, a false pretence. I see that suggestions are being made by the officers of the government, and bills are being introduced which aim to destroy the legal tenders or remove their legal tender quality. This could not be done except with the greatest hazard. Our government having been literal ly compelled to issue and use a legal tender paper money in order to save the nations life, has, by its use, caused the whole property of the country to be measured by its purchasing power, By this use of paper money the govern ment has created a most solemn obliga tion on its part to do no act to increase or diminish the amount of paper money beyond the absolute necessities of the government As an Increase of the amount would inflate prices without increasing real values, in the same pro- portion a diminution of currency must cause all property to shrink in price, and thereby put it out of the power of the people to pay their dents. One thing is certain that the public ana private dents can never be paid by a governmental policy that shrinks the currency, destroys values, paralyzes industry, enforces idleness, and brings wretchedness and ruin to the homes of millions of the American people, i It is equally true that Americans can never buy anything cheap from foreign countries that must be bought at the expense of loaving our own good raw materials unused, and our own labor unemployed. It Bhould be re membered that neither gold, silver, copper, nickel, nor paper are money without the stamp of the government upon it. The constitution lias made it the duty of congress to coin the money of our country and regulate the value thereof, and fix a standard of weights and measures as the only possible means by which commerce can be regulated between foreign nations and among the several states. The people look to you and your as sociates to protect their interests, and I trust you will pardon me for thus im pressing upon you the importance of legislating upon the question here re ferred to, iu such a way as to provide for the prosperity of the masses, and not solely for the benefit of a few who have secured special charters and priv ileges for their own benefit. Very respect fully yours, I'ktek Cooi'Kit, Passenger Agent's Primer, ClorlnnHtl Enquirer. Who is this pompous-looking man? lie is a passenger agent. He is very like a lawyer, fur he gets bis living by telling lies about everybody's road, his own included. He can build more roads and regulate their policy better (in his mind) than either ley Gould or Vandertmt. Does lie eat uougnnuis for breakfast and crackers for dinner to save money for the company? Oh, no my dear. The company pays for a square meal just the same, but he has the dyspepsia from reading of the high living in his expense account. He works for the "best railroad in the count jy." He always does. There is no other road that runs through such a pecular climate. In winter there is a great deal of verdancy on his line, but it is mostly in the passen ger cars, and in mid-summer, when passengers by other lines are broiling iu the heat and sulTocated by dust, his passengers are comfortably lolling back in cushioned Beats with light overcoats on. His road is stone bal last, steel rails, patent couplers and buffers, runs all the way in the shade, conductors and brakemen . eagerly watching for a chance to hold a crying baby or bring a glass of water to a good looking lady, and when the train reaches its destination, instead of hur rying back home, they wait around until the passengers are stowed safe ly away in 'busses, carriages or other trains. Other roads may claim to do this, but it is nt so; his is the oaly line. Ask him and he'll tell you so. What is that scar on his cheek? It was there he was wounded in the ser vice of his company. He was tack ing up a card (showing the enlightened public the advantages of bis line) and in bis hurry to get the card up he threw the hammer back too far and it struck bim on the cheek, knocking off that piece. Did it dent the hammer? I thin1- not, my child, as they make these hammer's extra hard. If you should buy a ticket from him, and find that you had to change cars about 11 times more than he had told you about, don't swear at him when you get back. Just go up to him and tell him you are going out again, but don't like his line, lie will explain it all, and if you enjoy a good romance you will get it. It would be nice to lie a passenger agent if you did not have to tell the truth at nil tunes. Washington Society In 1 825. The circle of what was termed "good society" at Washington had been, and was then, very limitei in its extent ind simple in its habits. Few senators or representatives b.ought their wives to cheer their congressional labors, and a parlor of ordinary size would contain all of those who were acsustomed to attend Bocial gatherings. A fow diplo mats, with the officers ot the army and navy stationed at head quarters, were accompanied by their wives, and there were generally a few visitors of social distinction. The most friendly and cordial intercourse prevailed, and those who met at dinner-parties and at even ing entertainments were like members of one family, in general sympathy. The costume of the ladies was clas sic in its scantiness, especially at balls and parties. The fashionable ball-dress was of white India crape, and live breadths, each a quarter of a yard wide, were all that were asked for to make a skirt, which only came dowH to the ankles, and was elaborately trimmed with a dozen or more rows of narrow flounces. Silk or cotton stockings were adorned with embroidered "clocks, and thin slippers were ornamented with silk and rosettes and tiny buck les. Those gentlemen who dressed fash ionably wore "Uolivnr" frock-coats of some gay-colored cloth blue, or green or claret with large lapels and gild ed buttons. Their linen was ruffled ; their "Cossack" trousers were volumin ous in size, and were tucked into high "Hessian boots with gold tassels. They wore two, and sometimes three waist coats each, of different colors; and from their watch-pockets dangled a ribbon. with a bunch of large seals. When in full-dress, gentlemen wore dress-coats wit h enormous collars and short waists, ell-stuffed white cambric cravats, small-cl thes, or tigr t-fltting panta loons, silk stockings and pumps. Whoss Boy Is That? lie may be seen any day, in almost any part of the town he never makes room for you on tbe sidewalk, looks at you saucily, is very impudent, and oft en vulgar to women who pass he de lights in frightening, and sometimes does serious injuries to little boys and girls he lounges at tbe street corners, and is the first arrival at a dog fight or any other soit of a scrape he crowds into the postofflce In the evening, and multiplies himself and bis antics at sueh a rate that people having legiti mate business there are crowded out; he thinks himself very sharp, he is certainly very noisy he can smoke and chew tobacco now and then, and rip out an oath almost any time we ask whose boy is he? Mother, is he yours? We think he Is, for there are many good .uallties In the lad, and wt do not think that you know what be does in the street Look after him. mother, keep him more at home, train him, and you will have a son to be proud ol som day. The more honesty man has, the less he affects tbe sir nf a saint Lavattr. THE TANQLED SKEIN. Oh llve that are crowned with failures, Repealed again and again. As your feeble hands have vainly tried To straighten life's tangled skein, Does sad voiced memory whisper Of a robe of Innocence worn. When young life, pure and stainless, stood At the rosy gates of morn ? Does your heart grew sick and heavy, As ft silently point, you back, To the strange dark ways your feet have trod, Since you left the shining track ? ITnve you raised your eye in pleading To Heaven's pure smiling blue, And longed with unspoken anguish To begin your life anew ? Have you made a few feeble efforts To reach the gates of gold, While the eyes of the world were watching you, Critical, stern and cold ? Ah ! the world saw only the fearful fall, When ynu 'lipped fnim the narrow way, But God sees the dark ti mptations That lead your feet astray. The world points !with mocking laughter The waste and barren lands; But (!od sees the Iron letters That are binding your helpless hands. Ills ear Is never heavy, His eye is never dim. And what the world misunderstands Is clear as light to Mini. The sun keeps steadily shining Thu' he sky be overcast, And patient, toiling effort Will untangle the skein at last. Kiiith J. Any in Maine Farmer. AUNT MARSTON'S LEGACY. Aunt Marston was dead, and I sat looking at the legacy she had left me in her will. "To my beloved neice, Nellie Stanhope, the faithful nurse, the loving comforter of declining years, I bequeath my gold ball tarings, wit'u the brooch to match, marked with my initials in black enamel." Thus ran the passage referring to me. When my cousin, Lucinda Martson, handed me the little morocco case she could scarcely repress a smile of tri umph as she thought of the great dif ference a few short weeks had made in our relative positions. 1 had been brought up by Aunt Mars ston, had lived In ease and luxury all my life, while my cousin had been obliged for years to earn her own liv ing by sowing. I had always looked upon Greylandsas my home, while she had never been invited to spend even a week at the delightful old country house on the Hudson since she was a child. And now she had come into possession of the old homestead, and I, I 'ie favorite, whom she had hated and envied for so many years, was put off Willi mis insignificant bequest! "After all your toadying," she said with a sneer, "it is too bad to be put off with a shilling; but if Mr. Lewis" the other exeeutor "knows anything about it, they are worth a great many shillings, tor he says they are solid eighteen carat gold, and that Onnulu, who had them, would give you $,V for them to-day. However, you aie wel come to tbein. And now I suppose you will see the necessity of looking about for another home." The bitter, insulting words, the deso late, deserted feeling at being thus cruelly turned out of the only home I Knew, overcame the unnatural calm ness with which I had hitherto borne my irreparable loss, and I threw my self on my bed and wept, as I never in my short happy life thought it possi- U'e i couui wee.o. I don't know how long it lasted, but when I became calm my heart still nched, but my brain seemed clearer. and I could look my situation in the tace. l was no sycophant, I knew that well, for I loved my aunt deaily, and had always given her a daughter's willing devotion, without one thought beyond the present. I even told Charlie Burnet, to whom I was engaged with her consent, and whom I loved with all my heart, that "we'd better bide a wee," for I could not leave my sec ond mother to spend her last days alone, or be cared for by hirelings. Aunt iMimce had often said to me: "You and Charlie will not have to wait long, dear child, and I will see that your future is provided for." 1 did not care for myself, but I felt so disappointed for his sake, when I found that I was left absolutely peunl- I think now, as I look back, that af ter she became paralyzed she wanted to say something to me about it; for as she lay there so white and still, almost like a piece of statuary, the muscles about her lips would twitch as if try ing to form words, and the ever restless eyes would turn on me with an earnest appealing look like the yearning, piti ful expression of a dumb animal try ing to make its suffering understood. But she died and made no sign, und now Charlie must plod along in the old way, and I must try to earn my own living, for I had made up my mind tnnt i would never be an additional burden on the poor fellow. 1 threw down the jewel case with a sigh of disappointment as I thought it all over, and then, ashamed of myself, wok it up again and kissed the well known trinkets, in fact, the only ones my aunt ever wore, and put them tenderly away among my other treasures her gifts and Charlie's in the trunk I was packing. Alas, for the frailty of human reso lutions! Charlie would not hear of my earning my own living, and though he did not exactly threaten to commit sui cide if I refused, he looked so utterly miserable aim forlorn that twos forced to reconsider my decision. Charlie and I are quite old married folks now, and four little, curly-pated restless bodies tumble about in the small, poor room thafserves me as a bvdrooin.sitting-room and nursery, com lug to mamma with their small hurts and pains to be kissed well and petted, while often my head and heart are both aching. So many little mouths to feed, to many little limbs to clothe and sew for eight little feet that are never still to cover with Bhoes that weav out too fast It Is no wonder that Charlie has to wear his coat till it is threadbare, and my only best dress Is my old black silk made over again and again, which with lace ruffles at the wrists and throat and Aunt Marston's legacy, f oi ms my gala-day toilet I would not complain to myself, but Charlie looks so pale and tired, and his couch gets worse and worse every day. If he only eouldgo Into the country tor a month or two, the doctor says, rest himself, keep in the open air. drink plentv of milk and take plenty of gentle exercise, such as a little rowing or rid ing, ne coma get well. My head aches with thinking how to get the money that will save Char lie's life. My darling husband, so de voted, so unselfish, depriving himself ot even the smallest indulgence for me and our little ones I I think bitterly on the unequal distribution of the good things of this world; so few have all and so many have nothing at all; but when I say so, Charlie laughs and says I'm a little communist, a dangerous character, and should be suppressed. As usual, while I am sitting sewing, I am devising a thousand impracti cable schemes, when my revery is in terrupted by my elder boy, Robert. "Oh, mamma! see those beautiful ponies!" I look out and see a phaeton drawn by u span of black ponies, and, seated at her ease, her lap-dog beside her, I recognize my cousin, Lucinda Marston. How circumstances have changed. .She and her dog in my place. I and my children living a life of privation. My husband dying for the need of the money she lavished on horses and dogs m a week. I cannot help o reproachful feeling loward my aunt as I reflect on her capricious treatment of me. At sight of that cruel lace I live over again that last dreadful interview when my cousin gave me the jewels. Her words rang in my ears onco more, but with a new meaning. "Onnulu would give you $50 for them, sue had said. "Fifty dollars!" I exclaimed aloud. "Fifty dollars means rest, country air, rowing, riding, life, and health for Charlie." I opened the satin-lined box and looked at the yellow baubles, that smiled and twinkled in their soft bed as if they were glad they were going to be of some use at last. "Oh, you treasuio!" I siid, and kissed them rapturously and with a thankful heart. While I put on my hat and shawl I had mentally nii.de away with half my legacy, for 1 had bought Charlie a new suit, nice, warm fl innels and all, and barely left Mm enough to pay his board with in the country. Carried away by the excite nentof the moment, I scarcely knew what I was doing till I found myself in the palatial s;ore at Hank street, and heard n gentlemanly voice say, in answer to my question: "Will you pleaae wait a moment, madam ?" Ho spoke to an elderly man, who in a while came to me and said: "Would you mind telling me. madam, bow this set of jewelry came into your possession.' My heart sank. There seemed to be something of a doubt as to whether they li,.d been honestly come by. "Certainly not," said 1 "Thev were left to me by my aunt Miss Eunice Marston. You may perhaps remember that slie bouglil them here. ill you please give me your name and addiessV" 1 did so, and found that the younger man knew my husband well, and also remember having seen me in the store with my aunt. Do you know, madam, what these Jewels are worth?" "About fiO, I suppose," I said. He took ore of the earrings out of the case, and giving a little twist and a light pressure of the small gilt knob at the lower side of the ball, it opened into two parts; taking off the golden envelope, he held up to my astonished eyes an immense solitaire diamond that sparkled and blazed like a star as it tremble! in his band. The earrings alone are worth 10,000, and with the brooch, which opens, too, you see, the set is worth 125,000. The words baa no meaning to me; everything faded before my eyes all was darkness. When 1 came to my senses I was lying on a lounge, and a sweet-looking lady sat by me bathing my bead. When I was sufficiently re covered to think of what had hap pened, and was assured that it was not a dream, I had another interview witli the gentleman, who, like the genii in an Arabian story, had evoked such wonders from a simple golden ball. Upon my signifying my desire to sell the jewels, an agreement was made, and I went out of the store a rich woman, with Ormulu & Co.'s check for $20,000 in my packet. When I reached home, Charlie stood at the front door waiting for me, look ing anxious, peer fellow, for no one could tell where I had gone, and it was vory unusual for me to be out when he came home, lie must have thought I bad gone crazy, when, putting the check in his hand, I threw my arms round his neck right there in the vesti bule, and, crying as if my heart would break, said, Ob, Charlie! Oh, Charlie!" Then when he had taken me into the house, I drew all my little ones into my arms, crying, "Oh, my darlings! mydarlings!'' When my excitement had abated somewhat I thought of the precious paper. Where is the check? I said. Check!' Bald Charlie. "Poor dar ling, trouble has turned your brain." But upon my insisting, very much as one humors a sick child, he consent ed to hiijior me, and pretended to look tor it. "Here Is something, papa," exclaimed Amy, as she put in his hand a crumpled bit of paper she had picked up iu the hall. I can see that expression on his face. do really believe my husband, for a minute, thought I had, In my insanity, been guilty of forgery, burglary, high- wayrpbbery, or some dreadlul thing, It seems but yesterday, and yet Ave happy years have gone Bince then, and we have a house or our own, with n cozy library full of books for Charlie, and a large sunny, lovely room tor tbe chllnrens misery. you wouldn t know Charlie, be is so rugged and brown. He is now cashier of the bank in which he began as an errand boy. We are not rich by any means, but have everything we need and many luxuries. No matter; Charlie and my darling children are happy, and I wish Aunt Eunice could look into my grateful heart to-night a heart so Oiled with a sense of all my blessings that I can scarcely see through the happy tears that fill my eyes, to write these tew last words. A hotel containing Ave hundred rooms and costing 8150,000 is to be erected in the National Yellewston park, ELECTRIC LIGHTING, Dangers of the System Regulating the Use of the Wires. New York Herald. The New York board of Ore under writers has been devoting much time and attention to the investigation of the electric light, with a view of ascer taining the precise extent of the danger from lire resulting from its use and the best precautions to be adopted. E'ectricity for the purposes of illumina tion, which has come into vogue so rapidly, is not thoroughly understood by fire underwriters. The burning of the ltandolph nulls, in Philadelphia, where so many lives were lost, and sev eral other less disastrous fires, which are known to have originated in the electric-light wires, have induced the fire underwriters, for their own protec tion, to investigate the dangers attend ing the use of the electric light. A special committee was appointed for this purpose some months ago by the .New lork board or lire underwriters. An interesting paper prepared by Mr. Anderson, president, of the Mercantile Fire Insurance company, and a member ot this committee, was recently publish ed by the Herald. Since then the com mittee's d'scoveries have induced them to make a number of additional recom mendations, which have just beeu adopted Hnd promulgated by the New lorn ooard of underwriters. The capacity of conducting wires has been considered, and for arc lights it has been stipulated that the conductor must have a weight per running fix t at least equal to that of the wires, con stituting the main circuit of the mag netic regulator of the electric lamps, or of the armature of the machine em ployed, whichever of these is the larg est. For Incandescent lights the conduct ing wirei must be large enough never tu grow unpleasantly warm to the touch In no case must electric wires be con nected with the earth or with gas or water-pipes running to the earth. Ex posed wires must be covered with two coatings, and where there is exposure to water one of these coatings must be water-proof. At the point where elec trie wires enter a building a switch or "cut" out must be provided, so that in case of lire there will be no danger to firemen. The outgoing and returning wires fur arc lights should enter and 1' ave a building at points at least one foot Horn each oilier. In running along wans or ceilings, the wires of an arc lamp should not be nearer than eight inches from each other; for incandescent lights two and a half inches distance is sufficient. Wher ever wires are carried through walls, lloors, or partitions in buildings they must be surrounded by a special in sulating tube of substantial material. Aic lights must be protected by glass globes, inclosed at the bottom to prr- vent the fall of ignited particles, and where inflammable materials are pres cut below Hie lamps a wire netting must be added lo keep the parts of the globe in place in case of its fraclure during use. Whenever a current of such high electro-mot ivo force is em. ployed that, if concentrated on one lamp of the seiies, it would produce an arc capable of destroying or fusing parts ot such lamp, an automatic switch must be introduced in each lamp, by which it will be thrown out of circuit before the current approaches any dangerous intensify. What a Boy was Thankful For. nutrolt Free rrcu. This is the way our youngster ex pressed his Thanksgiving thoughts in writing: "1 m not going to be thank ful for turkey and oysters and two kinds of sauce because we are a little off on finance this year. We're going to have chicken and mashed taters and pickles, and them'B good enough tor us. I'm going to pass my plate twice, whether it's fashionable ur not. 1 thin't a boy with half a chicken in him feels more tony than the boy who didn't get anything but the neck. The more 1 think ol it the more I see to be thankful for. I fell into the river twice last summer, and didn't stay tin ro cither time. I fooled with dad's revolver, and sent a bullet into sister Mary's ear. I'm awful thank ful it didu t hit her in the head. I found a dog and sold him for a piir of skates. I found ten cents and forgot to hide it when I went to bed, and ma never found out. I guess I'll put that in among ibe thanks. I got inn over by a butcher cart, and wasn't hurt at all. I'm thankful, and the butcher is mad. A boy in Chicago was blowed sky high with gun-p wder. A boy in Cleveland swallowed pizen. A boy in Syracuse got burnt up. A boy in St. Louis got in trout ot a cannon. You bet I'm thankful I I kinder wish I was big enough to knock a boy's head oft when lie turned up his nose at my two shilling skates, but I II have to get along somehow, and be tnaimtui that I can outrun any boy I can't lick. A Vsrtjlnian of the Old School, The death, near Malvern Hill, Va of Nathan Enroughty is likely to revive the question, often discussed, but never satisfactorily answered, why the name of a numerous family should have been, for at least a cenUry, universally spelled Enroughty and universally pro nouueeu Darby. The members of the family themselves follow this strange perversion, always writing their name one way and pronouncing it the other, but can ghe no explanation of its origin. Nathan Enroughty, who h s just died at a great age from 90 to 100 years was a soldier in the war of 1812. and a pensioner of the govern ment He was famous, even bejond middle life, for his trength, activity. and endurance, and it it is said that no prudent man ever ventured to try con clusions with him when nature's wea pons were the only ones to be employed For eleven years, however, blindnes had kept him in hateful Inactivity. Moses How. Esq., of Haverhill, Mass.. stiongly indorses St Jacobs Oil for rheumatism, etc., from the observa tion of its effects in his factory as alio In his own family so we see from one of our Massachusetts ex changes. Bridgeport (Conn) Stand ard. Fine veins of marble have been discov ered In Union county, Arkansas. "It Is Curing Everybody," writes a dnignlst. "Kidney-Wort Is the most popular mi dlelne we sell." It should be by right, for no other medltlne has such specific action on ine uver, ooweis ana sia- lieys. UO nvt tau IB try u, s?x any, When Cows May be Kept at a Profit. Dr. c. L-BiorteviDt la Springfield (UiaO Repablleaa In every herd of cows there are ani mals which differ widely among them selves in their adaptability for profit Each animal has a different digestive power, different tastes, different apti tudes, from every other animal. In one animal increase of food may result in the laying on of flesh rather than an In crease of quautity of milk yield or vice versa, one animal may keep up a uniform yield of milk under a consider able change of food. The owner who carefully studies the aptitude of each cow in his herd will usually be able to point out such cows as can be kept profitably on coarse fodders and little grain, and such other cows as can more profitably be foreed by high feeding into a large yield of milk. As there exists this individual difference be tween cows in utilizing such food as they obtain, it follows that as a herd is usually constituted, Borne cows are kept at a profit, and certain other cows at a diminished profit or perhaps at a loss. These two ideas, viz: the differences that exist between individual animals iu economy of food and in production and the changing relations between the values of feeding crops and the ammai products, should lead the farmer to careful study and thought. A milch cow weighing one thousand pounds is generally calculated to re quire for her support and profit three per cent of her live weight daily in food or thirty pounds of hay as ils equivalent. Ab in this region the win ter may be considered as of six montlo' duration, this means two and three quarters tons of hay. In the six months' pasturing it is difficult to assign a representative value, but let us, keep on the safe side, for the sake of even figures, calculate the cost of the yearly keep of a cow at three tons of hay. Now, when hay is at a certain cost that is, possesses a certain cash value it is easy to figure out tbe quantity of milk a cow has to annually produce in order, at a given price, to cover the value of the food, thus: A cow must yield annually to equal the value of three tons of hay con sumed: When hay is worm 3lo a tun.. 1.1 a ton . . '.'a a ton.. Quarts at a cents. 1,M0 2, so a,J0 3,750 Quarts at 3 cent!. 1,000 l.MiO 2,00.) 2.50 i 3,000 2 i a ton 3Ja tun 4,500 According to tbe most recent statis tics available (those for 1879), the aver age value of bay in Massachusetts is $ltj a ton. Iu suburban localities hay is frequently Bold at $30 a ton. In New York st te, the average price is '.l.7y per ton. The average price of milk as deduced from the cheese fac tory returns of New York stute, is about 2 cunts a quart; us paid to the farmer by the milk contractor of thu city supply about Boston, from 3 to 3J cents a quart We have thus presented to us the question of relations. A cow which consumes three tons of hay a year must give, on the average, in New York state, $ s'Xil worth of mint, or 1.200 quarts, in order to cover the value of her food. In suburban Mas sachusetts, Willi hay at $20, the Bame cow must yield 2,000 quarts at 3 cents in order to cover the value ot ner ioou. Now. In New Y'ork slate tbe average yield per cow is calculated to not ex ceed 1,300 quarts, while tbe yield of good herds is placed at 1,800 quarts. Another deduction, ef value to me suburban farmer especially, is that if through the individual aptitude of the cow the 2,000 quarts required to pay for the hay at tlQ per ton can beob turned through the use of coarser fod ders or changed feed equivalent to $10 a ton for hay, then the superior skill of the chooser and feeder of the cow is equivalent to 1,000 quarts of extra yield. These figures are but rougu illus trations of certain conditions which appertain to dairy husbandry, the methods under which competition and low prices of product are to be met, and the value of intelligent calculation to the farmer. There are certain facts which in this connection should be well apprehend ed : 1. That breed is superior to feed, that Is, that the animal the fodder is fed out to is of more consequence, uu- der conditions of good farming, than the money value of the food, t ecu does not produce milk in the dry cow; high feeding can not lorce a scant milker by inheritance into a large milk er; the cow of milking habit and strong digestive power can utilize unsalable fodder cannot justify reeamg flucn mat erial with the hope of profit Hence: Whether we shall feed highly, reed food of high or low value, feed for maititalnence or for milk, is a question to be determined by the character of tbe animal and the relations of values. 3. The cow of profitable aptludes is the one to keep; tliecow of unprofitable antitudes Bhould be sold on at once, and every herd contains usually more than one. and thus the herd shall be in a condition for the owner to secure profit by studying the value relations between the unmarketable products of his farm, the various purchasable foods, and the salable products of his growth. Lata Hours. Dor evening engagements are far too nnmnrnnii. and our narties are too much of the nature of public meetings. They have lost ail domesticity ana simplici ty, to say nothing of the cost of tbem, which is itself a care. They are so late m tn errand far into the night The injurious results of scanty rest are very obvious, rney taKe two apparent op posite but really related forms excita bility and exhaustion. Wesrsfeariui unit futlmmd! hvnersensltive and sub ject to ennui. We are exqul -itely sensi tive to p in ana aiscomiort ou toe one Land and uncommonly hard to nlease on the other. Neither moralists nor physicians have much control over the faults of our social are. necinomy point them out The remedy for them rests witu the public. Will a few in fluential nennla. who want easily to do an enormous amount of good, dare to initiate a few Changes in our social ar rangements in the direction of sleep and simplicity r A lot ef 500,000 whltefish eggs, shipped from Northfield, Mloh.. to San mncleoo waa by some accident detained on the tourney, and. being kept In a warm oar, the fish hatched out and only about one- Dfth of the quantity (hipped has been saved. ITEMS OF INTEREST. The woods of Maine are to be stock ed with quail from California. A lArffn hotel is to be built at Wash ington Heights, New York city. Seventeen thousand dollars worth of sponge in one pile was recently sold at Key West, Fla. A neirrn in TTDann county. Georgia. got rid of a bone felon by cutting off his finger with a hatchet The will of Marv Pratt of Water- frtvpfltnthe Masnachlisetbl gen eral hospital the sum of $20,000. Tf ! unlit that Rueben It. BDrlnger. of Cincinnati, talks of endowing the College or music wun ii,iw,. - haa Iwpn wnjihed from alluvial lands wltbin tbe limits of Gainesville, Ga , which pays &0 cents to the pan. K,.,-r.turv Hunt has lust become the owner of a neat but simple brick houss in Washington, its price was 50P. A railroad company has been organ ized in Arizona lo build a road from Tucson to tbe Gulf of California, 250 miles. r.nv William D. Bloibaro. of Flori da, Is the first native-'oorn citizen of his stale that has won his way to its high est office. Ttuni nine and other woods abound ing in rosin are now brought from the southern states and sold in eastern cities for fuel. Ttr,nklTn had 437 fires last year, with a ln. nt lJ27.145. and an insurance of 2,586,200. Sixty-two fires were caused by kerosene explosions. At. A Hums. .Irfferson countv. N. Y. during tbe full and winter, and within a mile and a nan or eacn oiner, mere have been forty-five deaths from diph theria. A onnd old ladv of Plymouth. Mass.. collected money for the benefit of a poor family and Dougut groceries ior i hem. The family are now suing her for the cash. The cost of feeding the prisoners In S in Francisco is low. Last year, In that cltv. meals were furnished priso ners to the uumber of 41,8b9, at an average cost ol 4 J cents per meal. Sixty-five corporations for wild min inn aiiamoa hitvA Riiddenlv transferred their offices from Philadelphia to Cam den, N. J., to escape the taxation im puted by the laws of rennsyivania! A alWed imld mine has beei dis covered in North Stonlr.gton, Conn, and In order to obtain a conclusive test of the value of the' ore, two car loads were shipped to New York last week. Tim financial returns of two Catholic .!.,, ri, ruira lufelv held in Philadelohia show that one realized $14,000 and the other over $10,000. Tbe contests oy votes proved most remunerative, the ballots to award a chalice producing the sum of $2,800. A puna prmlinff much local interest in A,,in n Me waa decided last week. Miss Fannie Dickey, in mailing a letter ou a Sunday, was struck by ice falling from the roof of the city building. She sued for $10,000. Tbe jury rendered a verdict of $3,250. The first juiy composed exclusively of colored men ever assembled in cumuli xnnnrv. Virginia, tried a shooting case last week in which the principals were ai60 coioreu. xuo guilty party was sentenced to six month's imprisonment and a fine of $500. a i.on nt Pxwtnckflt. Tt. I., was ar rested the other day charged with steal ing a young man s uo aiamona pin. There was no evidence incriminating the hen beyond the naturally reckless passion of her sex for trumperty, yet aftei three days of durance vile she was beheaded and the missing stones were found snugly hid away in her giz zard. ti.o TTninn TtpnAvnlent association. of Philadelphia, since Its organization has distributed, in rounu nuuiuoio, 000.000; over 200,000 families have k,. in u rharufl! fiO.000 tons of coal and 40,000 tons of coke have been sup- plied to the poor. It nos been me .imn... fnr thirtv-two Dorcas societies and a very large number of other dis tributing institutions. vrvAertvb a Tntile. who has been .nnnltiM ovwamnr of Arizona terri- tory, is a native of Franklin county. Pennsylvania, where ne was auuiuieu n ti,a hor ...mo t.wnntv-flve years ago. but he soon struck out for the Pacific slope, and settled down in what is now Nevada. He has made nis mars; in nniuina ni in fnumftlism. in connec tion with The Virginia City Enter prise. All persons entering the public houses .hnuia rntniirunts. and liquor sa loonsof Bristol, England.between the hnura nf 7 and 11 o'clock on the even ing of Saturday, Jan. 7. were counted;- with the following result: vi a popu lation of 206,000, 105,000, or more tbfa one-half, entered the public houses in four hours. Of this number 54.074. were men. 86,803 women, and children. Tl, annertntndent of the Indian school at Carlisle, P proposes to give an exhibition In i'hliaaeipnia next mnnih vhoiiuit. the workmanship of the Indian boys and girls can be seen and their proficiency In elocution tested. The lids will show their manner of making harness, and on the stage will ba a wagon, specimens of tinware, boots and shoes, all of which were made by the boys at Carlisle, The total cost of Gulteau's trial can not be estimated, but the following .imim am nnnwr. aa far as can be as certained : Juror's fees, $1,540; board, seventy-two days. Including wree oaii- IfM, $3,500; government wuneaaeo mm n.nn. f, iuQB.1. defendant's wit nesses and mileage, $2.889 ; of tbe latter the Guiteau family and their connec tions received $38955; reporting and printing, $5,000; seventy deputy mar shals, $1,302; miscellaneous, $1,000; Judge Porter and Mr. Davidge will re .!... .hn,,f tMim mwh. This nlacea the total at $25,000 or thereabouts. Business unen in Baltimore propose to organbe a Manufacturer's Aid association, with a capital of SI.P0O,' On, tho 1 rime ob ject of which shall e to erect and equip buildings with motive jnwer lor tno pur pose of renting the same to manufacturers who cannot afford to own their own works. It is believed that such an association will attract Important manufacturing Interests totbeoltr.