The farmers' union., July 23, 1891, Image 1

About The farmers' union. (Memphis, Mo.) 1891-1895

Image provided by: State Historical Society of Missouri; Columbia, MO

                
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VOLUME I.
MEMPHIS, MISSOURI, THURSDAY JULY 23, 1891.
NUMBER 25
THE LORD'S PRAYER,
As the Plutocracy Think.
BY BUTTON W11ACKET.
Our Fathrr
We who live in stone front housc3
And rtde in luxurious carriages.
lYhirh art
Rleh In all of this world's worldly Roods
And gorgeously arrayed in purple and flue
linen.
In hfactn
We t-xpeot to occupy the fnmt seats .
The same a we d here below.
llaUoirat
Are all thy groat Kifts the air. the land,
The sea. in fact, the earth, to our use.
Be Thy mime
Forever praised by our well paid choira"
And f.V.tu a year preachers;
Thy Finn-iota
May be Intended Tor the poor.
But we "aristocrats"' expect to get ;awav
with it.
f '(jnw
What may hereafter, we have a "dead rlneh"
On the irood thinns of this luuiolaue sphere.
Thy Hill hf it in
S- far as it relates t" fcr devils
Who eat bread in the sweat of their broti-s.
tin firth
We afe having a giiod deal of a picnic
Thanks to the patience of "them fools.'
Ait it in in Jxrrn -Kven
so let It be with us on earth :
lhm't deprive us of any first class blessings.
din iik
A "corner" on all the linunlies ()f
Thv clorlons and heuelieent kindness.
thi a ly
And thire hundreil and sixty-four other days
From the toil of others give us regularly
I fir iluily briii'l.
Whenever we unmercifully skin our weaker
neighbors
Overlook the weakness, dear. good Lord,
Ami fonjirf Hx
111 ample time, so that at the eleventh hour
We call pass in through the "gates ajar."
Our tn.H7ir
Are indeed many our good deeds scarce
But forgive us; though not, oh Lord.
A ivt fortfir? tho1 who tiysptttx tiytitr't
For if Thou didst we should indeed
' I'atch hell" with endless variations.
Arni In.vl 11
Unerringly into all the "soft snaps"
Where there is lots of money and no work ; but
Mot into empttifi'm
At least whei it will e found out.
For we can't stand much temptation.
ft't tltlirt-r t
At all -events from the sheriffs cruel grip.
And from self banishment to Canada:
from rril
Men who tind fault with their fate
Anil "strike" and "boycot" kindly deliver us.
For Thin? i'
All infinite assistance hi keeping them
In "that condition which Thou intended,"
7?e killij'hiltl
Wh-r' money is god. and workingmen
Live tin bread ur.ti water, or take strychnine, is
Thr potrir oinl qlriry
Of litieiaiis. orilee-seekers. pap-suckers,
linib-alls. shyliH-ks and money mongers
Ami- iiftt JOrfr.r:
To all of which we most sincerely
From the bottom of our boots say,
Atnfi'
A DEADT-Y PARALLEL
The People's Party In the. Middle of the
Komt Is l'ireil at From ISotH Side.
It is very amusing to note the sub
terfuges to which the partisan press
resorts to prevent the people from en
tering into independent political ac
tion. . The following quotations are
taken from, the Globe-Democrat and
the Republic of St. Louis, Mo. The
former is a republican paper, while the
latter owes its brilliant success to its
ability to fool the people according t
the democratic faith. These extracts
are taken from the editorial columns of
the two papers bearing the same date
of issue, and are comments on tlie ac
tion of the Cincinnati conference. We
publish them m parallel columns that
our readers may the more readily see
the true inwardness or either the ignor
ance or the deception which character
izes most of our great dailies, -who
seek, by diverting the attention of the
people from real issues, to continue the
present condition of affairs :
FOU HEPl'BI.ICANS TOj FOU DEMOCIIATS TO
HEAP. ltKAK.
The point of chief iu-j The silence of the
terest with respect to. plat form, giving run
the new p.rty organ-l-eut to the McKir.ley
ized at Cincinnati lies bill and to an average
in the incongruous tariff tax of ar cents on
character of the vari-;the dollar of value in
ous elements which it every article of mamt
represents. jfai-tured gitods used in
it is difficult to treat thelifeof the American
such a preposterous af-'people. gives the lie di
fairin a serious man-jrect to the claim that
ner. There is nothing any organization uj
In it that appeals to the porting such a plat
Judimieut or the con-; form is or that it can
science of the people. I become "The People's
and the intelligent Party." To accept the
voter will easily detect McKinlcy bill, either
its many weaknessesjby tacit consent or
and hypocricies. A 'open indorsement, is to
party organized in such accept republicanism
a hap-lfaard fashion i with all that it implies,
must necessarily he: And this is exactly
fhort-lived. It does notvhat the Cincinnati
stand for any definite convention has done,
and important princi- By refusing to antago
ple or set of princi-inize the WcKinley hill
pies. lit not onlv prevents
The republican farm- any third party issue
prs will readily see that .if principle against the
the jieople's party is republican party, but
simply a scheme to throws the negative in
ratch theirvolesforthe fluence of the third
benefit of the demo-'party platform against
rrats; and their intelli- the ' democratic ram
pence will surely pro-ioaign for tariff reform,
tect them against a de-jThere is every reason
vice of that sort. ,to believe that this was
Idone intelligently and
The platform of the with the deliberate
people's party seems to'purpose of strengt hen
have been prepared !lng the republicans in
with a view of antago-'power and crippling
nizing the republican!the democrats in oppo
party in as many re-isition.
speefs as possible- In the first place the
which is to say that It tariff was ignored to
is calculated to draw avoid issue with repub
rampaign c xpe uses Uranism,
from the democratic! The subtreasury
national committee. (scheme was insisted oh
liioltt-lh-moi-rnl Kcp.).!to force issue against
issue May as, ISai. (democracy. The Ay
Ipulifir lein.), issue
iMay 'JS. lfl.
If there are two planks or proposi
tions contained in the platform of the
people's party that present such oppo
site and absurd views as the two clip
pings quoted aliove, we'll agree .to
stand on our head and eat soup with a
fork until one or the other of tho alwve
mentioned papers tells the truth vhen
speaking of any independent Siove
nient on the part of the people.' St.
Louix yatiotial Reformer.
NATIONAL BANKS MUST CO.
Secretary Chase Said They Had ltuilt I'p
a Monopoly That Affected Kvery Inter
est In the Country.
The national banks have had their
day. Well enough and good enough
for the special emergency for which
they wore created. Tho nation was in
great straits in tho midst of a great
war. Something iiihsT be done, and
done at once, to meet the demand for
"more money." S. Y. Chase, then sec
retary of the treasurvcornpreheotled
the situation. The national bank-r
scheme and the greenback measure
were presented to him. He at once
adopted them. The rest is known
nun me treasury was relieved irom an
further embarrassment.
But with the close of the war the
work of the national banks was done,
Still they kept on. Having realized
immense profits from their business
connections with the government, they
-were lotn to sever the relation and go
back to a regular legitimate banking
system. And having become en
trenched in their position, they "held
the fort," and are now still at the front.
Secretary Chase, however, did not
approve of their continuance, know
ing, as hedid, that their existence was
intended as a temporary expedient.
And so, while he considered the prom
inent part he acted in establishing
them as a thing to be proud of, he had
the consistency and the courage to de
mand their discontinuance when their
legitimate work was over; and thus lie
says in a letter :
"My agency in proenring the pass
age of the national banking act was
the greatest financial act of my lifef
It has built up a monopoly that affects
every interest in the country. It
ghould be repealed. But before this
can be accomplished the people will
bo arrayed on one side and the banks
on the other in a contest such as was
never seen in this country."
And so thus we find it - the author
of the system with us in demanding
repeal. He saw the advantages to be
realized in their establishment, but he
was equally as clear and prompt for
closing them up when tJie time arrived
for this accomplishment.
J. he contest is still on. It must not
bo neglected. However useful and
convenient they may have been-and
during which time they havo been en
abled to put millions in their coffers
the time has come for a change, when,
as Secretary Chase savs, "the law
should be repealed."
' It is true we must have a money cir
culating medium, but the time has
come when this can be fully supplied
by the government and without the
cost and expense which is required to
pay to the banks. Silver and gold
coinage, with their equivalents in
treasury certificates and treasury notes,
will supply the public demand and
give us every requisite which the situ
ation calls lor.
Thus the govornment may rise o the
requirements of the constitution "to
coin money" and perform every other
duty pertaining thereto.
It is time to go back to first princi
ples and follow in the footsteps of the
great exiounders who formed that un
equaled document, and whose views
and-opinions" correspond with the
financial reformers of the present time.
yat tonal View.
What tiood Crops Won't J.
Speaking on the above subject,
Oregon Ailiame Herald says:
prominent loan aent said to us
the
A
the
other day that one good crop with fair
prices would destroy the alliance. Ha,
ha! that's good. The farmers have
been having good crops on the average
for many years, and yet the alliance
became a necessity. We should like
to ask if one good crop with fair prices,
will destroy railroad extortion? Will
it'eqnalize the burden of taxation :
Will it stop usury extortion ? Will it
do away with child labor? Will it
give work to.the millions of idlo men
in the country at remunerative wages?
Will it give the millions of female em
ployes living wages? Will it destroy
the sweating system in our factories?
Will it compel the idle parasites to go
to work and earn an honest living?
Will it prevent the monopolization of
life's necessities by a handful of our
population? Will it destroy specula
tion in land the heritage of all God's
children? Will it destroy speculation
in food products of the world ? Will
it destroy trusts? Will it prevent the
lockout of honest working people,
thereby forcing tip prices by tho limit
ing of output? Will it supply school
facilities for the millions of children
now crowded out? Will it destroy the
robbery that now exists in every
branch of the public service, wringing
millions out of the people to satisfy
the greed of a lot of schemers? Will'
it secure an equal and exact adminis
tration of justice to all people alike?
Will it shorten tho hours of toil? Will
ft correct all or any of the damnable
ills that have grown out of the past
administration of this country?" -
,lcrry Simpson and If lsOpponent.
Jerry Simpson's opponent was James
II. Halloweil, once United States at
torney, and reputed one of the best
stump speakers in Kansas. Acting
upon the notion as prevalent -among
the republicans of the district as it is
now in other parts of the United States,
that Simpson was an ignorant bump
kin, Halloweil challenged him to a
joint debate over the district. To the
surprise of everyone himpson accepted
and Halloweil and his friends prepared
to enjoy his discomfiture1. When the
first debate came off it furnished as
much amusement as had been expect
ed but Halloweil and his friends got
none of the fun.
The platform upon which Halloweil
was running favored every demand of
the people's party. It had been adopt
ed in a spirit of demagogy to head of
the alliance movement. lint Simpson,
who had the opening,turned it to his
own purposes by clinching his argu
ments with liberal quotations from it.
So Halloweil, when he responded, was
obliged to denounce tho manifesto of
the convention that nominated him or
to yield tho debate to his adversary.
He compromised by making a war
speech, which Simpson ridiculed in
his reply. Halloweil never. appeared
for another chance to laugh at the it
literate statesman. Lyon (.Vcj.) Sun
A "itiifi,,,, Hollar Country."
Secretary Foster's recent remark
that "this is a billion dollar country"
is accepted by the unthonghtful organs
of his party as a splendid vindication
of the lavishness of the billion dollar
congress. Thev insist that the "growth
of the country" renders necessary and
tnereiore tustines tins increase in ex
penditures.
Let us see. The population of the
country lust doubled from 18G0 to
18'JO. But the expenses of the govern
ment during this period increased al
most four-told from ii.J,UUO,iH). or
about 2 per head, to $500,000,000, or
8 per head.
To bring the comparison down to
recent periods, as the Indianapolis
Sentinel has done, at the last session
of the forty-fourth congress, presided
over by Samuel J. Itandall, the appro
prsahions were 14t,30'2,119. At the
last session of the fift v-first congress
presided over by Czar Keed.'the appro
priations-were $410,343,li;i. Ihe in
crease was 183 per cent., although in
in the same time the increase of popu
lation has been only 39 per cent." In
J creased five timt9 ftg tl0
otner woras tne appropriations m-
popn-
lation.
Let The in Do Their Own fighting.
If the millionaire mine-owners of
Pennsylvania import the scum of all
Jburope and then have trouble with
the cattle because they want enough
"fodder" to live on, and then import
more of the same sort to take tho place
of the strikers, then let the millionaire
mine owners take care of the trouble
of their own browing. We think it
an outrageous shame that the rpst of
the people should be taxed to guard
the property of the mine owners who
violate the law in the importation of
these ignorant brutes for the purpose
of making labor more plentiful, hence
cheaper. We say that it is a shame
and a disgrace to our boasted free coun
try, institutions and civilization, that
the state aids the monopolists who
break the law in the importation of
cheap labor, as against the poor brutes
who know nothing of our laws or in
stitutions, or anything but that they
work for starvation wages now and that
they cannot live.on any less. Chicago
Express.
THE PEOPLE'S CONVENTION
Staggers tho DewocrHtlo Politicians of
the South, and They are Making a Creat
F.ffbrt to Head Off the Movement With
Promises.
L Paris, Tex., May 23, 1891. Re
formers of the south, especially of
Texas, are jubilant over the Cincinnati
convention. It proved that the day
star of human liberty was permanently
in the horizon. It at once has changed
the whole plans of the old-time party
bosses, in fact it has driven them into
the position of endorsement or at least
advocacy of doctrines so far from what
they espoused even a few weeks since,
that the reading world knows them not
by what they are saying. The demo
cratic politicians are holding frequent
meetings in this state. Their sole ob
ject now is to head off the new party
if possible; To do this they openly ad
mit that they must incorporate into
their platform "monetary reform."
They are working on the, same plan in
the south that the republicans work
on in the north. Anything to prevent
or retard the new party movement.
They seem to have entirely lost sight
of the republican party. They have
no fears only for the people's party.
The "press and backers of democracy in
i this country bank on the worn-out de
lusion that there is only room for two
parties, that there is no room for the
third party. They forget, or try to,
that the people's party is one, and as to
the others that is for them to settle.
If there is only room for two parties
and they believe it, they might as well
arrange their affairs so as to recognize
the people's party as one of the two.
1 scarcely believe that those who at
tended that convention anil returned
to their homes, have any conception of
the effects it has had on American pol
ities. It looks as though the whole
south would be in line by the time the
campaign opens in 18'.)"2. If no mis
takes are mule it surelv will be.
The Dallas Xrien, a representative
southern democratic paper, in a
lengthv editorial on the prospects of
the final strike for justice, among other I
tlnngs says :
It would be premature to speculate
as to the precise consequences ol the
apparition of this new party. Doubt
less it has come to stav, and it has a
fate-like glance in relation to political
events in 1892. The forces capitalized
in the people's party may meet with
defeat in its first campaign, but thev
will not relax or dissolve. It is the
nnture of such forces to accumulate
with resistance, and to gain fresh im
petus for renewed onset after every
battled effort. It is important, then,
in view of the possibility, if not proba
bility, of tho ultimate success of this
party, to understand that the money
question is its main issue."
Ihis expresses in a nutshell what
they think of the party, and what the
real issue is. In order to make it easy
for the Tribune readers to understand
whv the people of this country are
moving in tins matter faster than in
many states of the north, they must
know that this is the most wonder
fully productive country in the Union,
and yet at the bankers' annual conclave
pud wine feast held at Austin a few
days ago, they proclaimed that in Texas
there was only $2 per capita in circula
tion. Does anyone wonder that a fight
for an increase in the circulating med
ium is necessary, and that the people
in their condition are not ready to hear
on this topic?
I was talking with a gentleman the
other day who is a merchant and a
banker, quoted worth $225,000, and he
said he could not loan any man money
on any security whatever ; tnat no
banker in the state could command
money on which to carry on their bus
iness. And so it is all over the south.
No money to loan none in the pock
ets of the masses everything is done
on credit. The farmers buy on time
and pay fully 30 per cent, more for
goods than the cash price. The ef
fects of this are readily understood.
The politicians, of course, see the
drift of the tide, and are busy formu
lating somo scheme that will permit
them to retain their place in public
office. They are promising anything,
everything, any time, anywhere, to
anybody. They forget that Ingalls, of
Kansas, did tho same thing. The more
lie promised, the deeper the people
plunged the knife into him.
The leaders of the democratic and
republican parties have all along de
nied the need of financial reform. The
people have forced the issue, and they
must settle it, on the Ingalls plan. Ex
Lieut, (xov. Oibbs is alarmed, and is
putting in his time organizing demo
cratic clubs over the state. In a speech
last evening, he tried to console his
anxious followers, but related the fol
lowing rather correct truth, so far as
the grease spot goes :
"There is no danger from a third
party if we do our duty; but there
won't be enough left of tho democratic
party to make a grease spot, if we sit
down and swear everything is lovely.
We have run in the same groove until
the cogs hitch and don't work plumb."
If he wants to get out of the groove
he must do as the republicans do in
the north get out of the old party.
Gov. Gibbs is trving to get the dem
ocratic party to adopt a plan differing J
but little from the sub-treasury plan,
endorsed at Cincinnati, in order to
avert "the danger" of the third party.
We all catch on ! With Cleveland and
Wall street in tho lead for them, .and
Harrison or Blaine and Wall street
leading the republicans, and the people
thoroughly aroused and forcing the
only issue that will secure relief, the
corporate powers of the earth cannot
marshal force enough to stay the on
ward march of the sons of toil, who
have borne about all thev can and
wilL
The issues are grand; the contest
will be tierce and probably turbulent,
but the victory will be glorious.
On! On! Now, or never. jr. IT.
Sanders, Correspondence to Ioxra
Tribune.
Be "Watchful and lie Wise.
.The party bosses, who are cracking
the partisan lash over the people,
threatening political excommunication
and flaunting the bloody shirt, are
simply moving toward a crisis little
expected. Their actions show that
they are not familiar with the history
nor spirit of the industrial classes.
Excessive taxation and the absorption
of the wealth of the country by a priv
ileged class brought on that Tyler re
bellion in England, which for years
secured to English farmers free land.
The reign of terror of the French
Eevolution was inaugurated by the op
pressed industrialists of the vine-clad
hills and sunny groves of fair France,
and was the outgrowth of excessive
stringency in money matters and con
gested wealth. That, revolution de
stroyed Bourbon ism and paved the way
for the present Republic. To-day the
farmers in France are the most - pros-
perou9 in tho world. The farmers ol
' our country and tho laboring classes
iu our towns and cities are driven into
combinations and organizations by the
exorbitant taxation laid ujion them by
the unjust legislation of the land.
They are resolved that .justice shall be
meted out with an even hand. -They
intend, by the use of the most potent
weapon known to civilization, the bal
lot, to right the long existing wrongs,
Should they fail by this means, it re
quires no prophetic pen to forso ewhat
will- follow. , le watchful and wise.
Southern Mercury.
OUR USURIOUS
MASTERS
How
the Credit System
l'liuidors
the
Country.
On January 1. 1891, thero were 3,540
national banks with $(i.r)0,000,000 capi
tal, owning $310,000,000 of profits and
surplus, $122,000,000 of circulation
(U. S. money furnished them at 1 per
cent).
They held $1,505,000,000 as debits.
These deposits show about twice as
much money as there is in circulation
in the United States. They are made
up largely of notes given by depositors
to the bunks and credited as money to
their accounts. The bank loans
amounted to $1,980,000,000. Besides
this they had $288,000,000 as re
serves. Besides these there are 2,018 private
banks, not including savings banks,
with $500,000,000 of capital and
$1,084,000,000 cf deposits.
It will thus be seen that the great
business of banks is to inflate the cur
rency by giving to interest bearing
notes of individuals practical money
functions. When a farmer or mer
chant gives hi3 note to a bank for
$1,000, the bank gives him a credit of
$1,00(5 in money. Thus every such
note practically increases the circula
tion. The banks of the country have out
standing loans which they have re
ceipted for as so much ready money,
over 4.000 millions of dollars, or over
four dollars for every dollar in actual
circulation: and thev control only a
part, of the circulation of the country,
their inflation must approach ten dol
lars for every one real dollar. Under
such circumstances, when the real dol
lars are. wanted they cannot be had.
All the business of the country is at
the mercy of a scare. A panic can be
whistled up at any time. The reason
the hanks so bitterly oppose any in
crease of the money, is because if- the
United States furnished the real money
necessary to do our business the hanks
could not inflate and thus reap their
enormous profits. The interest at 7
per ceut. on 4,000 millions yields" tho
banks the marvelous revenue of 280
millions a year. That is what bank
inflation now costs the producers of
this country. What colossal wealth
as a reward for sharp practice all the
result of ignorance on the part of their
victims. Iowa Tribune.
A Sure Kuoitglk l'ftl,
Laboring Man Mr. Banker, I want
to deposit $100 for a year; what inter
est do you pay?
Banker If you will leave it the full
year I will give you 4 per cent.
Laboring Man All right, give me
the check.
Banker Certainly, my noble fellow,
here it is.
Lalioring Man Xow, I guess that I
n loan some money out here to a
farmer and at a good percentage, and
as you are paying me $4 for the use of
my $100, I will leave this check with
you as security, and I want you to loan
me $90 on it at one per cent, per an
num. Banker We don't do that kind of
business. You must think we are fools
to let you have money and then pay
vou for the privilege of doing so.
Laboring Man Is that the name you
call fellows w ho do that kind of busi
ness? Why, old fellow, that is what
Uncle Sam has been doing for you
these many years past. Do you mean
to sav that he is a fool? Alexandria
(La.) Fanner' (iazette.
. Time to Slop II.
The people of the south and west
nave iieen engaged lor tinrty vears
past in hating one another with great
bitterness. This hating has been most
irrational. It is true now, and it has
been true for thirty vears, that the in
terests of the south and west are tho
same. Both these sections are agri
cultural, anil tney iiotn will remain
agricultural. The natural friends ami
political associates of the south are the.
people of the west. hatever is
against one section is against the other,
and whatever helps one section will
help the other. Il.ese obvious facts
are just beginning to be perceived over
the mountains of passion and prejudice
that have been piled up between these
sections. And when these facts shall
come to be fully seen by the people of
these sections, woe be to those who use
their riolitieal power for tho purposes
ot burdening these sections. "Good
were it for those men if they had not
been born." Raleiili(S. G.) Progres
sive, tanner.
f.ood I'rospeetH and ood Work.
There never has been a time when
the labor party had such brilliant pros
pects. All over the country organiza
tion and education are the watch
words, and the people are falling into
line by the thousands.
The work, too, is being systematized.
Harmony prevails everywhere. Circu
lating libraries are to be found in every
state, liiousandu ot tracts and .docu
ments of information are circulated
throughout the land, and last but not
least by any means, between 000 and
700 reform papers are now united in T
reform press association and sending
out throughout the length and breadth
of the nation from day to day and from
week to week, reform news, arguments
and exhortations, all on the same line
and to the same end.
imiy the prospect is encouraging
and it now behooves every laboring
man to go to work in this cause, and
work as he never worked before. Ar
kansas Sentinel.
ltoger Q. Mills in a Corner.
Why don't Mr. Mills and others ob
ject to the free-delivery system, which
delivers every pei .son's mail in the
cities at his gate or door, while you old
farmers have to get on your old, hard
plowed mule or horse, and ride to
town after yours? Almost every law
in the national statutes are either class
laws or partial in their effect, and
every time working in the interest of
money and money centers. Now, why
have the democrats never denounced
this as class legislation and favoritism,
when the government has a whole
army of carriers dressed in uniform to
carry mail to the man in the city, while
the man in the country the farmer
must go after his? There are millions
of dollars spent this way every year,
and yet you never hear any congress
man complain. fiance' Vindicqlor.
ICE-BOUND GREENLAND
THE
SCENE OF NEW EXPLOR
ING OPERATIONS.
Lieutenant I'eirr and a Party Itotind for
Jaunt to Determine the Country's
Northern Limit a i l I ay Out a Iloute
Toward tho Cole.
From Xew York th'Tc lias sailed a
little bit of a whaling vessel the Kite
rwell seasoned to the arctic waters, with
two adventurous par
ties, one section of
which intends to lay
out. a route for some
future expedition to tho
north pole, the other
bent on the scientif
ic exploration of tho
north w e s t coast of
Greenland.
The twolTauds which
have, pooled their is
sues u!.d arruiiKcd to
travel about 3,000 miles
due north In company,
I.Ji. BKSI, siniie,
70 ll.COIST.
and afterward to separate and do alono
tho work that will have brought each
into the arctic region, are S.ieut. Kobert
E. Peary's party, todctormino the north
ern extent of .reeiilaiKi, ami the com
pany of scientists under command of
l'rof. Angelo lleilprin of the Aca lem of
Natural-Sciences of 1'hilade.lnhla. wl:
will ascertain the physical facts about
what is probably the mot interesting
section of tho same country.
Although (ireonland wa . olonize;! by
Europeans a thousand years ao, very
ltt o is known alio t its interior. a'id
nothing in relation to its extreme, north
ern boundary. Some pe:qie claim that
it a continent stretching perhai as far
as the nor h pole, but gNigraphers gener
ally agree that it is an i land, and that
there is an ocean passage onnecting the
Arctic Ocean with the Atlantic not very
far north of the most northerly po nt so
far reached on the west coa-t of Green
land. Th:s thcorv Is lornn on Is bv the con-
figura'ton of tin coast llnu. which nar
row; n both coasts toward the north,
and it requires v ry ilttle imagination to
round out tho Is'and, making tho north
ern limit cross a One about 400 ini'ei
MAI OF 1'EAllV S
from the. north po'e.
Lieut 1'eary's idea is t-: reach this
limit, establish stations ther. and make
those stations the starting jMjttit of an
other expedition t(j tlie pole ittelf.
This same latitude has never been
reached by any of the many polar expe
ditions. The scheme, therefore, is to be
gin a little north of
tho points where
Barry, Bayer. De
Long, and ;reeley
left off, assuming
that Greenland is an
island, and that fu
ture expeditions
will, probably bo
made in strong
whnleboats, carried
in sections over the
ice cap which covers-'
the country. Tho
surface of tho cap is
: o m p a r a 1 1 v e 1 y
smooth, and admitsmt. w. n. f.. iii-chr
of traveling which might be called lux
urious when compared with journeys
over the jagged, froen sea. i
!ne of the reasons for believing in tho
Jxistence of a channel at this point, con
necting the two ocea:is, is that a heavy
Row of water comes down the const. It
comes, probably, from the Atlantic, be
cause the tides can be identified as At
lantic tides as opposed to those of the
Pacific. ;
Whether these 10 miles between
Greenland and tho po'e are tilled in with
only a frozen ocean broken up into an
impassablo ice gorge, or whether thero is
THE STEAM
a chain of islands giving tolorably easy
access to the pole is, of course, yetto be
determined. i
Beary and his party will be; ab'e to do
littlo but preparatory work during the
present year. The Kite will convey
them to some suitable spot in. I'riidhoo
Land, and they will go into winter quar
ters immediately, where they will wait
until next summer for their great dash
to the northern limits. They will de
liberately got frozen in there for the
I lC. f ARE wTTTl
winter. AH tho expeditions which havo
gone for tho polo havo met this fate, but
they havo had the disadvantage of being
1,1 KITE 1ST n. E. TKAliV,
in ships which were likely to be "nipped"
and sunk.
It will not be until next year, there
fore, that the fruits of 1'eary's explora-
lions can be pluckud
With the Ib-ilpriu party, however, the
case is different. After depositing
I'eary and his effects in the most shel
tered nook it is possible to find, tho
bonny little Kite will take to her heels
and land the other party at points a'ong
the coast favorable tf the determination
of important facts missing in the scien
tific history of (ireeulaud.
Considering their well-known ability
anl capacity for research, the discover
ies of the lleilprin party are likely to
be more diverse and Interesting than,
even those of I'eary. The region to bo
traversed is very ricli in animal life, and
it is intended to secure . specimens of
every creature that will kindly come
within tho range of the very effective
guns that will bo carried.
Polar bears, wolves, foxes, seals, rein
deer, musk ox, walruses and scores of
animals almost equally Interesting arc
to be found about Whale Sound. Insects
rnOPOKEI) liOCTE,
and birds till the air. On land there arc
minerals and extremely valuable speci
mens of fossils, and thq. botanist, though
not as richly repaid for his labor as in
other parts of the world, can find plenty
to do among the lichens, mosses, grasses
and flowers of the country.
There seems to be a wave of curiosity
just now about Greenland, for, fn addi
tion to the two expeditions on the Kite,
at least two others have been fitted out
in Northern Europe. Kach. however,
has its separate mission. While there
will be, to a certain extent, scientific
compotlt'on. the expeditions are not
likely to come to blows, or even to meet
Patriotic Americans will, of course, hope
that the Hei prin i arty will carry off the
laurels.
The Kite, in which the ) arty will
travel, is a typi al whaler, not beautiful
to the eye but powerfu', seaworthy, and
just about as unsinkable as a vessel can
lie made.
This craft, to which the party commit
themselves and" their hoies for a period
of about four months, is bark built, but
bnrkentine rigged, and, though equipped
with all the sails a vessel of her size can
pos ibly carry, she has an engine and
propeller. She relies chiefly on her can
vas, but the steam is useful in extri
cating her from ice.
The Kite's dimensions are 117.0 feet
over all, L'i!4 feet t eam, and 14 feet
hold. Its tonnage is iso gross and 1 'JO
net. The engine is fifty horse power,
and, being a vertical engine, the builder
was cnab ed to place it well aft. This
gives the propeller a short crank shaft.
WHALER KITF.
and lessens the liability to breakage.
Its normal speed is seven . and a half
knots with steam, and with both sail
and steam fully nine knots. As a pro
tection against ice while running free
the Kite's bows fifteen feet back are a
solid mass of wood, the, timbers being
dovetailed together. A vertical strip of
iron passes from the bowsprit down the
nose under the water line and some 'dis
tance 'along the keel. The iron is 4
inches wide and 1 inch thick. Strays of
I". S. N.
Iron 4 Inches wide and Inches thick
are bound around the noso horizontally
to snub tho ice. From the stern two
thirds of tho way forward the sides are
doubly planked. Both sides down to the
koel forward are also doubly planked.
She has had plenty of experience among
thoTicebcrgs. Mr. Bowring, of the ship
ping firm of Bowrlng & Archibald, of
Xew York, the agents of the Kite, says
that if she hit an iceberg it would be a
very bad thing for the berg.
Whalers of t-his'khid go north, loaded
to tho gunwales with coa1, and if they
are specially fortunate and catch their
whales quickly, they heave tho coal
overboard to make room for the oil.
The Klto may bring back a whale or
two, but tho plans of the party are to
make its zoological prices mu' li more
varied than those of a whaler." Dr.
Hughes expects to havo a carnival
among tho birds of Greenland and fill up
a large tart of tho st- an er's 'tween
decks with bird skins, eggs and nests.
Dr. Sharp will carry a Winchester riTe J
of a bore sufhdently large to enable, him
to bag with ease a polar bear,a walrus,
a narwhal the unicorn-whalo or a
seal. Keindeer and musk ox will tumble
before his bullets If has the bwk he hopes
for.
Lieut.-Beary said that the chief ob-
ject sought to be accomplished by the
expedition is the solution of the prob
lem whether Greenland is an island or a
continent. "If it is a continent, and it
seems to me that the weight of the evi
dence is that way," Lieut. I'eary con
tinued, "the Vexed question of the find
ing of tho north pole will have been an
swered in tho affirmative, for it will be
necessary, in order to reach the pole,
only to penetrate further and further
into the frozen country: along the line of
the western coast of Greenland. If it
shall bo proven that Greenland Is a con
tinent, many livos of explorers who
might seek to reach the pole by sailing
north will bo spared. "
In some parts of Greenland, particu
larly the north, the ice and snow, col
lecting for ages, has accumulated until
it Is a mile thick in some places. As It
never melts, the surface is tolerably
smooth. It is the dlschargo of ice by
means of glaciers tint keeps tho suppry
down
The weight of the snow pressing from
the center to the edges forces the ice
into the sea It flows down the valleys
as rivers do. and. reachiiiK the sea. is
broken o!T into Icebergs. Greenland,
therefore, is one huge iceberg factory as
well as "a refrigerator which, wjth its
stock of millions upon millions of tons of
ice stored up for eternity, ha? a tremen
dous effect upon ihe le.mperature f
everything with. ii hundreds of miles of
if, and no doubt upon i lie climate of this
country.
Lieut. I'eary gives the following 1 rief
outline of his plans:
In .July tho party, numbering five or
six, will go into winter quarters at ha o
Sound, to make re oiinoisances and lay
in supplies for tho journey toward the
pole. Xext spring an advance party
will to sent forward to establish de
pots of supplies, an l the niiin party
will follow, proceeding as lar north as
possible.
Hero a second depot will be estab
lished, and two or three of. ti e party
with full sledges, will push on, theothers
returning w.th light s'edges to Whale
Sound.
The advance party will i ush on from
rotermann fjord to the head of Mierard
Osl orno fjord, establish a depot there,
thence to the head of Be Long fjord, es
tablish a depot, thence to the northern
terminus of Greenland.
This toint reached and determined.
the advance party will retrace its steps
to W hale bound, taking up the various
depots, and seize tho lirst opportunity to
return home.
'I he whole theory of the project is
based upon the fact that the interior of
South and Middle Greenland is known
to be covered with an uninterrupted ico
cap and the more than probability that
in North Gre maud tho condblons are
the same and tho ico cap practically co
extensive with the land
1 lie Rett A an'rt Itroneo.
The toughness and strength of tho
ponv can scarcely be exaggerated. He
will live through a winter that will kill
the hardiest cattle. lie worries
through the long months when the
snow has covered up the bunch grass
on a diet of cottonwood liongus, which
the Indian cuts down for him; and in
the spring it takes but a few weeks
for him to scour out into Bplendid con
ditiou. He can go unheard of dis
tances.
Colonel R. I. Dodge records an in
stnnro enmincr under bis nbservntion
where a pony carried the mails 800
miles in three consecutive nights, aud
back over the same road the next week,
and kept this up for six mouths with
out loss of condition. Be can carrv
auy weight. Mr. Parkman speaks of
a chief known as Le Cochon, on ac
count of his 300 pounds avoirdupois.
who nevertheless roue his pomes as
bravely as a man of half his bulk. The
pony has often carried two people as
one. There is simply no end to this
wonderful product of the prairies. He
works many years. So long as he will
fatten up in the spring his age is lm
material.
Ihe absence of crest in the pony
suggests the curious query of what
has become of the proud arching neck
of ms ancestors, tne barb. There are
two ways of accounting for this. The
Indian's gag bit, invariably applied
with a jerk, throws np the pony's head
instead of bringing it down, as the
slow and light application of the school
curb will do, and this tends to develop
the ewe neek. Or a more sufficient
reason may be found in the fact that
the starvation which the pony under
goes in the winter months tends to de
plete him of every superfluous ounce
of flesh. Baltimore American.
Ma and Fa.
Mrs. De Style The expressman has
come with my box of w orth dresses,
Tell pa to go down and pay mm.
Little Son Pa can't go down now,
He s sewing a patch on his pants. -Street
& Smith's Good News.'
a
A Circus ot Hi Own.
Wooden Did you go to the circus
Bultinch No, I didn't need to.
Wooden Why ?
Bnlfinch- We had twins at our
house. -
' n jr.
EQrirfED POR THAVEt-
HUMOR.
Tins II In Hi.
It happened at Springfield. Scene
barber shop.
Victim (to barber) Is this yonr es
tablishment ?
"No, only half of it.ismine."
"So you have a partner ?"
"The man at the next chair owns the
other half."
"Why don't you own hi share?"
"That's my business."
"Well, if vou own one-half and the
oilier hulfs your business, why don't
you own the shop?" Boston Com-
mercial Bulletin.
Mrictly Pure.
Customer This ground coffe.0, you
say, is perfectly pure?"
halesman i'erfectly, ma am.
Customer Then how does it happen '
that you t-e'l it cheaper than the un
ground coffee f
balesmau Lr ma, am er
Coat-Shedtllnc Time.
Little Dot Mamma, please give m
a whole lot of moth paper. .
Mamma hat for.'
Little Dot To pack my Kitty away.
Her fur is all comiu' off. Street
Smith's Good News.
A ( ol Suggestion.
Cheekier Spatis Dear me! I
weally don't know what to do this
summer to occupy my mind !
Sally De ltt hy don't you take
a trip to the Antartic Ocean .' I here s
absolutely nothing going on there.
Puck.
It Wou il Sieom So.
"Mr Falarv has been raised," said
he, "and I think I am in a jKisition"
now where I can tafelv ask yon to
tame the dav."
"It would look, that wav to anv one
who could -see tis," raid the blushing
maiden seated on his knee. Indian-
apolL Journal.
The Old Man Was a It tile Off".
"John, pass the cream." said a man
to his son at tha breakfast table in a
West Side boarding house. ' .
There is none, nuldlv suggested
the vouth.
"What!" roared the parental parent.
"There ain't a t1ro-."
"Young man. hand over that milk
pitcher or Til kneck the whole top of
your head off!" exclaimed the irate
paternal parent.
JUasv new, old man; youve given
me too many lessons in lying to try
and palm off West .Side milk for
cream. Don't forget yourself, pa, and
remember, if vou can. just where we're
lioarding." kentucky Journah
Charlie flared the Game.
"Charlie isn't at home just now,"
taid young Mrs. Tockcr to a neighbor
who had dropped in to spend the even-,
ing. "He said he was going down to
the club for a little froeze-out. I don't
know exactly what that is, but I'm
glad if he can find any cooling bever
age during this awful weather. "
Washington Post.
Tttl's Prayer.
A neighlior's family received news
the other day of the arrival of- a hew
cousin to be added to the group of two
little cousins in a di-dant town.
At night, when little Ted -came to
say his prayers, feeling like throwing
the mantlo of his blessing over all hi-j
connections, he pi-ayed something as
follow s : .
"Oh, Dod. peas bress Dot. and Bes-'
sio, and and de odder kid." IPafer
bury American.
Entertaining Reading.
Farmer That was a stavin paper
you got out last week.
County editor I am glad to hear
that you were pleased with it.
Farmer Them stories you- had in
about them fellers bein' cured of long
standing diseases were the entertaiu
ingist bits of news I've read for a long
time. The Humorist.
True Economy.
De Jinks Where d'ye get that suit ? '
Finchy At Waste's.
De Jinks Then you paid two prices
for it, my boy.
Finchy-Oh. no, I didn't.
De Jinks Well, you paid more than
it was worth.
Finchy Xixy! Fact is, I haven't
paid for it- at all. Munsey'8 Weekly.
It IVavn't Puker.
One of the powers Yon are accused
of poker-playing,
Hastings Yes. You see,vmy friend
and I sat down for a quiet little
game
. O. V. (growing interested ) Yes.
Hastings And he opened a pot for
1 . , -
O. r. (growing more interqteil-
Hastings Well, I went in and drew,
five cards.
O. P. (more and more interested)
Y'es.
Hastings I caught a pair of deuces;
he bet $5, and I called.
O. P. On a pair of deuces?
Hastings Yes.
O. P. The accusation is withdrawn;
that wasn't poker. Harvard Lam
poon. Adding Innnlt to Injury.
While conversing with Miss Esmer
alda Longcofhn, an pld maid of Hous
ton, Texas, she ask'el a young -man in
a bantering tone :
"How old do you really think lam?"
"About thirty," he replied.
"You are joking," said Miss Long
coffin, indignantly.
"WelL" said the wretch, looking at
her more critically, "you can't .be
much older than thirty-five or forty."
Texas Sifting.
She Was Teaching Him.
A lady, on entering the kitchen
early one morning, saw a plate and
knife and fork, the former of which
had - evidently contained cold rabbit
pie. The lady strongly suspected f
certain policeman of having supped off
it, and the following-conversation took
place between her and the cook:
Mistress Mary, what's become of
the cold rabbit pie that was left ?
Cook Oh, I didn't think it was want
ed, mum, so I gave it to the dog.
Mistress (sarcastically) Does the
dog use a knife andfork, then ?
Cook (unabashed ) Not very well
yet, mum, but I'm teachiu him to
London Tit-Bits.