The farmers' union., September 03, 1891, Image 1

About The farmers' union. (Memphis, Mo.) 1891-1895

Image provided by: State Historical Society of Missouri; Columbia, MO

                
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AOLILME T.
MEMPHIS, MISSOURI, THURSDAY SKPTKMI5ER 3, 1891.
NUMBER 31
IJj
T
THE SILK INDUSTRY.
S1NCUIAR ORIGIN OF AN IM
POffANT MANUFACTURE.
Cars of ? Worins Vnwliollii-; tlm ( o-roon-
liorn oik I'rices 1'aiil in Karly
limes lor Hio l a! re - larva mul
SIotH A Ixli.bukm of Via I'in'slieil
I'roflurt,
, ilio.il tho s :k Worm.
The ordit of orig'nating tho silk In
dustry hduc to a wcman. A! out 4.r.oii
years ag, the Km press Si-1 ing-Chi was
passing a artificial pond in tho pa'ace
grounds, when she perceived, ly ;uir in
tin; watr, certain i m oons. of a bright
yellow rwr. from which pretty thtcads
Moated way on the surface of tlie
water. :he ha !e one of her maids stoop
and gatbr tip the thrca 's w hen, to her
as'.onishieii?, tin y unwotin 1 from tin;
I'o om,s. Tlie riKTSS outiriuod. tlie
I right yllow brands were wound round
a stick util the ot oo i- were exhausted,
ami tlm was begun what next to tea
growing proved to lie tl.o mon import
ant ind-try of tli- t h i.c-e Kmpire.
TIIK (0-"0OS I.AUVA A.XU MOTFTi
The iniidrut led to the pro ccutioii of
experiiir-nt : the ilireads wore spun and
woven. ; nd gorgeous fal l ies, mi h as
till therthe word h: ! n ver oen. soon
adorned the l'rirce 'ami her maids of
horn r I'or her disc of, ry slie was he'a
TrnKisii wat of Kit.i.i7;a thk ciihvsai.is.
in th highest esteem: the was enrolled
among t he ( h ues ; god b-s-os under tho
title of Sieuthsa , -the t!r t who raised
silkworms," and to tic present day i ;
the patr n deity of all silk-worm zrowrs
and silk-w .rkers
rnderstanding the importanc of
m
I S-VIMUNO TIIK OCOONS
their newly di coven d manufa-ture the
hi eso made an (Tort to l oop it a
secret and d 'rive a 1 .enelit from tic e
p rt of silk, without a lowing others to
share in tic ku iwVdgo of the manner
in whi-h it was made. The iron tiers
wore uuard'd. It was made a crim
puuis ab e I y ceath to carry either sbk
worms ti-.eir eggs, or coot ons out of the
emp'ri'. Tic iik was only eximrte I,
ami for twenty centuries the ( h nose ; n
joel a in no ioly of the silk mnnnfa"
tureira e About .Vi) A. 1'. acoup'eof
monkish misslonat h s. in the course of
the r wa derng;, cross.'d the ( bines
fro tier They wore ki dly receivel,
and for some years abode in a c'ty in th
S mth o" Ch'na There t' ey learned
the seer t of th silk manufacture, and
on tho'r return deto; mined to convey
theT kiow'elge and the means of
spreading tlie industry to Kurope. Kach
prepared a hollow cane a a walking
staff, and filled the h dl. w with silk
worm eggs 'I h so tli smuggled a ros;
the frontier, and after many weeks of
weary travel finally reached Constanti
nople, and ere admitted :o th ' pr senca
of Knit eior .lustinian. To him they re
lated the marvelous story and presented
their tiTiis-.ro. I'mler t .e instructions
of the monks, who had witnessed the
methods prao co I by ;lc Chinese, the
eggs were placed tin !cr favorable ou
tfit o:is the worms reared and the lirst
' ocoons e er seen in Kurope were spun
Into thread.
Fiom this bumbo start, says tho
OUilic-O'intx'rn', tic silk industry of Ku
rope began. It was destitud to r.'aeh
mighty proportions and in tim t be so
aide! by machinery ami mo hanieal
devices of various descriptions as
scarcely to be recognl; ab'e by the orig
inators. In certain essent a s tho si.k
Industry is, of course, practically to
day what it was in the time of .; ustiuian,
or for that matter in tho time of the
Empress M-l.ing- hi, but, the use of
machinery for unwinding the cocoons
and :'o.' spinn'ng the thread has practi
cally placed the business under new
conditions. Meantime, however, flie
Chinese have kept on in the saint! way
without the slightest improvement on
the methods of 4, no,') years aco, and in a
Chinese village of the present flay n en
and women may be en reeling o!T
threads from tho cocoons just, as their
ancestors did in tic tim ; of Christ. It
Js an industry wh'c'i can be followed
anywhere, and in the humblest Chinese
dwellings, in the boat houses along the
rivers, in the, al'cys whieh in every di
rection branch out from the main streets
of any Chines ity. the silk ree'or and
his primitive apparatus may ho seen.
Anyone, however, who, fiom the fact
that tho work is done by ignorant peo
ple, comes to the conclusion that a for
tune is easily mtu'o by laising silk
worms, labors under a serious mistake.
There are few indnstiies mi which chancn
plays so large a iart or which require
such earnest and constant attention of
the manipulator. '1 ho eggs are uncer
tain in hatching, the worms re urro al
most continual attention, both as to
i their food, temperature and light. A
; sudden dratrght may dor.troy tic owner's
hope of a crou. I. von the
j be looked after, for if they
s on the total amount of
have be ti dopo-ited by
wh le if left t. o long the
cocoons must
are killed too
silk will not
the inmat
worms burst
I through their
i product. The
co ering an 1 spoil the
inse ts are subject to all
s rts of diseases, innumerable parasites
feed upon then and im ar their h a'th,
ami even alter tlio cocoons are prepared
for the winter impropi. r treatment may
subject tho gr. wer to a heavy kiss.
The silkworm is commonly spoken of
as though there were but one kind As
a fact, every caterpillar prodtn-es silk
when spinning its cocoo:i. There are
twenty nine varieties of worm which
produce an excellcnL article of siik, but
only three or four are laised exi lusively
for this pr du -t, a-id of these one Is best
in China, while another is better adapted
to the c imate of India, r-1 i 1 1 alio her
fares best in Asia Mill .r. an 1 another in
Kurope Tho ei'gs of the i e-t kind, the
Chinese worm, lire cj.ccedtiig'y minute,
about l'.u.o mi to th.. ouuee, and th cat
erpillar svlo ti first hatched i ' less than a
f;nart"rof au inch in IcngtJi Tlie in
sect lives from for;y-iive to liftv-three
(?ays, and increases in a iiiositli to a long h
sometimes f-xceeJing three inohe-s an I a
weight '.'.."Kid time; that at hatching. lie
eats incessant'y, save when throwing off
the old skin, when he desists for a day
or so, only to begin with fresh vigor,
and to n ake a marvelous increase in
si e within a few hours nfter the skin is
shed. The best food Is the leaf of the
white mulberry, but in default of
this, other leaves are greedily eaten, and
the worm will thrive on theleaesof
the black mulberry, or the o-ago orange,
cr even of the lettuce. The disad
vantage of using these, however. Is the
fact that they produce a pcor quality of
siik, and w herever silk cu.ture is to be
practiced with th hope of profit, the
white mulberry shou d be previously
cultivated. Seven hundred ami thirty
nine pounds of h aves are required to
make fcventy poinds of cocoon';, and
the greatest care is needed in fc ding
the worms. The leaves must be chopped
and evenly distributed throughout the
trays, otherwise the worms will be un
equally fed. The products of twohatch-
IN A fHINF.SK VII.I.Alii:.
ings, un'ess of exactly the same si(
must be kept apart, or the smaller
worms will starve. After eight weeks i
of eating, the worm reuuires four or live ;
days to s; in his cocoon, and in two or i
three weeks wili emerge a perfect moth, j
I'oth as worm and moth, however, he Is j
sluggi-h In the extreme, the worms sol i
doui moving from the trays in which '
they are I laced, and the moths i a rely
attempting llight They lay their eggs j
upon the cloth placed to receive them, j
and ili' in a few hours, taking no nour- i
ishmcnt after reaching the moth or per
fect state. ,
Only those ins 'cts designed to propa- i
AN FXHIBITIOS OF THE FIMfHSIl rRO'.U'CT. j
i
irnt.1 their L-iml n nlf.,,ipr, trt i
. " .... .. ..,, uo,' IU IIIIIIU III '
I perfection, for as so ,n as the spinning1
ca os, which is determine'.l by the ab-!
sen.-e of sound from within the cocoon, !
a small instrument having been devised
for the pur, ose of ascertaining if the '
worm is still at 'work, tho cocoons are
stilled cr placed in hot water in order to
kill the insects and pr ent fu:-the; de- ,
veloptneut j
In Mount Iehanon, where the ttlki
manufactures are ext nsive, the coioons
M
Ml SwiT l""8x
V :
fttwmM
ft
are frequently cribbed with a mallet:
but the general impression is that by
thi process the silk is in jured, Roth in
China and India the insect-; are killed
with boiling water, wlccli is believed to
do its work IT ctuaily, without in the
lea t harming the precious covering.
3 $F
W-l 'V I vi 1 V I
3. ' -t - j --V-- 1
C IlIXFSKSPlNNI liS 0. - m TV.
After .-tilling the cocoons they are load
ed in'o trays or baskets, and nan-ported
to the feelers, who beg n operations
by stripping the cocoon of it ; delicate
llo sy Miveting, which then become;
"wa to'' or re.'e ted s Ik The c icoons
are then placed in water and tr
ied .with a careful y trimmed birch
ri.d, which is lifted from time to time t i
aseerta'n if any threads an' adhering to
it A soon as one is lound it is cave
fully traced t its t oco-n, another is
jiicke 1 ot aid o ne 1 ti it, and when
four or live arc th is collected the com
blued thr ad i- !ace i upc-n a reel which
is s'owiy tume I and tic threads un
wound from the orieina' nekage Mu- li
care Is required at. tois part of the oper
ation, lor tlie threads are ot ti'iouua
length,
broken.
and. bc-ides. are fre-iiently
o :is s 'on :s line rims nut or
breaks another is oiin I and jo'ned at as
icary ns possible tic ; anie point. The
r. el must b" far enough from the pan
contaiu'ng tlie cocoons to allow tho
t ir ill todrv in transit, and tlietedious
ness of the process may lie jud.-ed from
tin- fact that the threads are oft -n from.
O'io to 1,000 feet in length, and one ound
of cocoons o ii;ht. to give a combined
th'cad about .VJS, ;i i:i feet long. The
pr.iooss of raising silkworms is t edious
from b -ginniiig to end. as may bo Judged
from the fa t that the prodoct of l.i-i.o
worms is
j ound of ner'hantab'e s'lk.
The strands thus made int threal are '
passed on to the weaver and manufact- '
tired into the delicate fabrics which do
light the eyes and gladden the hearts
alike of pagan and Christian belles At :
this point of manufacture, however, j
when the pro luet passes into the loom. '
adulterations and frauds be ou.e possi- ;
hie. It is imj os-tb',o to adulterate the
thread, but wlcn the thread becomes
combined with m:tny thousands of oth
ers to make cloth ftauds are frequently
practiced. In few lines of dr.." goods is
adulterat 'in more frequently practiced
than in silks, a fact which ha; been
caused by the demand for elu a; t
showy uoods, for in this louutry the
servant must look as weil as the mil iou
aire's daughter: the woman who scrubs i
the front steps is as ambit 'ous. -o far us ;
dress is con crned, as the wo.i au who
sits in the p:irlor. There being a de
mand, therefore, for the greatest possi- I
bio show at the hast possi: le prlc.
meta'lic dyes cane int i use. and also the
practice of weighing the yarn, esjie- i
ially that wb'cb goe ; into the mauu-i
fact uro "f black silk tass-is and fringes, j
and V sin h an extent is this ad diera-I
tion practiced 1hat oft'-ntime; tlc-o
goods are. in weight, two third; dye and
one-third cloth.
Aside from hina, where silk has al- ,
ways loon made in abundance, silk cul- j
ture is an important branch of industry
in ralcstine. in yria. particularly in the '
Lebanon llange. where loth Christians'
and Mohammedans work side by side in !
the manufacture and realize, well on i
tlcir labors. It is manufactured wi'h i
1 rolit in Turkey and tire co, ami alo in i
Italy. In San licinu ami t.'otica. in Na-
pies, and other town on the western '
coast of the peninsula, whole streets are
given up to silk-workers, and pictures jiie
spectacles are presented by these p ople '
with the r spinning wheels and looms. 1
their frays and cocoons, and the huge
baskets of loaves brought in from the ;
surrounding mulberry plantations for ;
tho sustenance of their sto k in trade, j
Largely cultivated in Spain, Portugal I
and tl e South of France, the attempts!
which havd boon made In I ngland and !
to rmany have not. reauzo I the .success j
hoped for them by the projectors. Tic 1
climate of the north of Kurope is not j
suflicient'y w arm, the chan"o; are too j
groat, the proper food for tic worm is !
not. a wavs to b found, and the cuality
of the silk depends in no small d 'give
upon the proper leaf funrshed for tlie
food
The quantity of silk anuua'ly pro
duced is almost incredibly great There
aro every year imported into Kngland
over s,(dKiioo pounds of raw si.k. over !
4, OUO.OO I pounds of "wast"," and up- I
ward of loo.oo pounds of various grades i
of thread, a total of mo:e than 1 :.',(;) 1.-
of 0 pounds a year, to say nothing of silk I
giK Is air. ady manufactured, exceeding '
in value S!,H)0.oro. Nor does thi, rep- j
resort more than the consumption of a j
siug'e nat ion, and it is estimated that :
the total anneal consumption 1 f the !
world exceeds 10'U O'.U ( 0 loundsa year. I
Attempts have been made to raisy the j
worm in the United States, but not with :
marked. success. I 'e fore the revolutio :- I
ary war the silkworm was introduced ;
into Virginia. North and South Carolina, I
and (ieorgia, but the industry died out
completely during the rovo'ntion, and has 1
not boon resumed to auy considerable j
extent Hut the silk manufacture; of j
ibis country form an important, part of I
it- business. !y tue census of issu, it j
appeandthat there were 32 factories
with a capital of SH'. l-.1,:i0d, employing
ae.Oiiii hands, and turning out in the pr.
ceding yea" s:! .!:, 723 worth of goods.
1 be days of the excessive costliness
of si k have gone by, and the probability
is that in the next few years large addi
Cous will be made to the s lk-prcdiieing
arei of tic world. Sou' hern Ca-Iifornia,
niaiiy parts of th Southern States, the
i
w w
TT7 ii L
reqiureii to make a s ngle
West Indies, lexlco, Central America,
ti e northern part of f'outh America and
large districts in Afr'ca are excellently
well suited to tho growth and develop
ment, of the worm, as well as the mul
berry on which it feeds, and !n not a
few localities arrangements are now
being made, both in tb's and other
countries, by planting mulberry groves,
t pre are for silk culture.
5mircp ot lliti Missis. ippt.
For many years students have been
answering the question. "What is tho
source of the lis.sissippi V" without a
doubt, that Ibev a iswereil truly in say
ing, "J. ake Itasca," and yet, in all this
time, fur up in tho wilds of Minnesota,
the cold, deep waters of Veiitas Cupert
Lave been silently perforniinp; tho func
tion of a primal reservoir, and tlowine;
on through the great channel to the
gulf. Indians have jophed their birch
canoes out upon the lake beyond anil
above Ila ca, followed their favonte
sports upon its shores, and slaked their
thirst at its crystal fountains giving
it a name of their own full of beauty
and meaning, "rokegumu," which our
Kng!i.-h translates, "The place where
the waters gather.'' Hut now tho spii it
of ndventuro has thrown a new light
upon I'okcgaina. The rod man no
longer holds undisputed swav. for las
white brothers have invaded the path
less forests and pushed their boats out
upon the silent lake, lenamiiig it
"lazier," in honor of the intrepid man
who Las established its true relation
to the Mississippi. This explorer, as
is w ell known, w as the leader of an ex
pedition which vi-iiod the head waters
of the Mi sissippi in For some
time before the final step of forming
such an expedition had b. en taken,
('apt. ('lazier had strongly suspected
that Lake Itasca was rot the true
source. The doubt of its being siu-h
had been held by him ever since his
jov.rnoy on horseback across the conti
nent from 'osto:i to Sifn Franei-co in
lSTti, when he heard from Indians who
bad lived in Northern Mil nesota that
they knew of another lake to the south
of Itasca wlii; h they In lievi ii to be the
source of the "l a! her of Waters."' i-'o
the projei t bega i. From that time
('apt. ( ihizie looked forward t th
day when he should satisfy himself on
the subject. For, be it known, he is a
bom explorer. It is geneially known
now, by his own account and by the
accounts of those who have been inter
eted in the mutter, bow this lake was
foi.nd by hint and his companions, and
w hy it had remained to long rnie og-
svuian sii.K-w-ixtir.iis. ' I
ni.cd. There a i bo no doubt as to
the claim it now h-dds uj on o ir maps,
and intelligent pople hail its discovery
as th correction of an erior which has
been too long disregarded. For the
purposes of obtaining sketches of tlio
country around the lie id waters, and
further in estigatit g the northern
tiibutarios of the river, a m ini er of
gentlemen interested in geography find
science will aeionipany ("apt. ( Ua ier
this summer to the I'ppor Mis:is ip; i.
This flip is announced to be chieily
one of pleasure, alt ho gli some serious
attention wiil be paid to holography,
geology, and botany by experts of the
party. The country is ceitniuly fi ll
of cha: 111 for devotees of tln se sciences,
end those who ha e been following the
subject of the newly located source
hitherto will doubtless await with in
terest further de. ( lopmetit w hich this
fc.-oiid journey will probably bring
forth.-- Ciii it'jo llcrut'i.
How t It ul I tho Tiiihuo,
The perfectly healthy tot-g ic is
clean, moist, lies loo ely in the mouth,
is lonnd at the edge, and has 110 piom
iisout papill e. The tongue may be
furred fiom 1 al causes, or from sym
pathy with tlie stomach, intestines, or
liver. The dry tongue occurs most
l eitently in fevo, ami indicates a
nervous prostration or depression. A
white tongue is diagnostic simply of
the feverish condition, with peihups a
sour stomach. When it is moist arid
yellowish-brown it shows disordered
digestion. Dry and brown indicates a
low state of the system, possibly
tvphoul. When the tongue is dry and
red and .smooth, look out foe inflam
mation, gastiic or intestinal. When
the papill c 011 the end of the tongue
aro laised and very red wo call it a
st'iiwborry tongue and that means
scarlet loser. Sharp -1 ointed, led
tongue will hint of brain initation or
iiitlammalion, and a yellow coating in
dicates liver derangement. When so
much can be gained from an examina
tion of tlp tongue, how- important it is
that the youngest child should be
taught to Hit it out so lhafc it can be
visible to the uttermost point in the
throat. Dr. Julia If. Smith.
II i f a Mi lion 1 111 niuraiits in IS'IO.
According to Bradstroet's, during
lS'.Ml the total number of immigrants
arriving in the United States from for
eign countries was t'dl.dji'i, a gain over
the preceding year of ;r,0()0, or 15 por
cent. The bulk of tho increase was
found in arrivals from three countries
in Central and Southern Hurope Ans-tiia-llungary.
I'o.aml, Italy and, in
fact, these three countiies may be
credited alone with supplying "more
than the entire increase noted, a- their
total gain over 1KS: was (V.i.dOO, or
4.000 moro than the total net gain.
Tho arrivals of British immigrants
showed a heavy falling off. (ierman
arrivals gained" slightly, and Russian
immigrants were also more numerous
th n in s,S!. The total number of
British immigrants was 120,fi!7, a de
crease from lss'.i of 12 per cent. The
statistics of arrivals at leading ports
show that New York received :i8,:3!k,
or nearly HI per cent, of tho total;
Boston received :!0,!71, or i'.'i per cent. :
Baltimore, 2,.,12,", or C er t en ; and
Philadelphia, 2M,4.'54, or 4.7 per cent.
NrMERors desertions from the army
are alarming the Italian government.
The causes are arrears in pav and j;oor
xoou.
REALH OF I.AItO Jt.
We ar" tho hewers anil dolvcrs who toil for
another's gain.
The common, elod. and the rabble, stunted of
brow and brain.
What do we want, the gleaners, of the harvest
we have reape.l !
What do we want, the neut 'is, of the honey we
have heaped.
V" want tie ilroiies to be driven away from
our irolderi honrd :
We w :ml to share hi 1 ho harvest, wo w ant to
sit- at the boaril:
We waul wh:it swonl or suITrage has never yet
won f. r man.
The fruits of hi -. toil Cei l promise;, when tlie
curse of toll beL'.in.
Ye have tried th" sword and the sceptre, the
cross and the sacred word.
In all the years. :un! 1 he kingdom is not here
yet. oft!!-- l.o;,.
We are tired or useless waiting: we are tired
oT U.:el.- ,s ii-.tyer ;
Sohlicr. chart-hm.iii and lawver the failure, is
ii not theirs.'
Y.'hat inin is It to tic people, that a. e.d laid
down his I'fe.
If tw, nt v centuries after His world., tie a world
of strife
lft.'ie serried rinks be facing each other with
rut hie-.; eje.
And rteel in tneir hands, what profits a Sav
ior's saeritiee?
Ye have t."ied and failed to rub' us; in vain to
dn-eet have tried.
Nut vvhollv til.' fault of the ruler, nor utterly
M;u.i the guide:
Mayhan there iced-; not a ruler, mayhap we
-all lind Hie -,v;.y.
At ieast ye have ruled to ruin: at least ve have
led astray.
What matter if l-.ii!";. or council, or preside-it
holds l(,e rein.
If crime and poverty ever be liniis in tho bond
man's elaiin":
What caret h Hie bunion bearer that Liberty
lacked his ioa,t!.
If hu'.ii.e: -presses behind him with a sharp ami
ready goad?
Tin-re's a serf whose chains are of paper.
there'sa kiier with ii ai-t'i;in -nt erowu.
There are robi.- kn'gics ainl brigands in fact-
i iry. held atid t- w n.
IP.it the vassals pay his tribute to a lord of
watre an 1 rent.
And the baron s toii is ShylmYs, with a tti'sli
and blood per cent.
The seamstress liends to lcr labor, all night in
a narrow room.
The o.lii,!. defrauded of childhood, tiptoes all
o.iy at i lie loam :
The soul must starve; for the body can barely
on liusvis be fed :
And the loaded dice of the gambler settles the
price of bread.
Ye have shorn and ho-.md the Sainton, r.nd
lobbed him of l.-armiig's light:
Hut his sluggish hraia is moving: Lis sinews
have ail their might.
Look well to your gates of tia.a. wmr privi
lege, pride and c;lMe.
The giant is blind but thinking, and his loeks
are growing fast
- J mil- J-r j ', in - X. i'- A' ''.
The i. O. I'. Tjplcut American.
The plutocrat is a daisy lot us in
terview him.
Thirty years ago he worked for
farmer ut 8 a month and his board, or
be was digging ditches at six bits a
day. or was peddling mouse, traps or
running a peanut stand.
One morning he got n corner on but
ton hob s, and from that day to this he
lias been getting corners on everything
that is made, grow s or llows.
Meanwhile he poses as a patriot, a
benefactor, an industrial captain.
He makes himself agreeable to con
gressmen and poliricians, and they
spare no pains to proclaim his virtues.
While the armies of the north were
engaged in a death struggle with the
armies of the south he became greatly
interested in maintaining the credit of
the endangered nation.
Lincoln was lighting tiiebatiles of
ths people with demand notes, and was
getting along nicely, when he ins red
congress there must be a gold clanse
put in all subsequent issues of notes,
and this is how they ran afterwards:
"This note is a legal tender for all
debts, public and private, except duties
on imports and interest on the public
debt ; and is receivable inpayment of
all loans made to the Fnited States."
Do you notice the word "except?"'
Looks harmless.
It has cost the American people
sweat, tears, blood, wealth beyond the
dreams of maddest revenge.
This was tlie budding plutorat's
first achievement.
,i
After this all thingi become possi
ble. Why ?
Because congressmen, contractors
and dospoilers of all kinds shared in
the plunder either corruptly or by in
direction. The "except" clause on the green
back was the open sesame that led to
exhaustions fields profligacy.
AH the contraction, gold bond mak
ing, credit strengthening and resump
tion inquiries followed as a matter of
course.
The gigantic land grants to railroads
and the bestowal of the government
ere. lit on them came as a matter of
course.
Turin's wore a natural sefjuence.
Out of them by 11 fatal necessity
came monster corporations, combina
tions, syndicates and trusts.
The plutocrats increased in numbers
and power at an appalling ratio.
Not as the outcome of superior
knowledge, skill, enterprise, business
sagacity or any other quality that goes
to make the successful man on a farm,
or in a factory, but simply because they
w t re in the sw im.
The republican party gloried in the
growth of plutocracy, and pointed to
plutocrats as typical Americans.
I'il'shurii (Ixiiii.) Kutisiui.
On.- lliiuilrt'fl (Vttls.
A silver dollar is worth 100 cents. A
gold dollar is worth the same amount.
One is equal to the other. No discount.
Both are legal tender. What more d
you want? We might refer you to
bullion or bar silver, worth 85 cents
por pound, more or less, but that is not
money. It is simply so much silver,
commercial weight, and. in so far, may
be compared us to cheapness, with any
other commodity. And so. one kind
of money may be compared to another.
You take gold and silver money and
what do you make? Nothing at all.
For both are of just the same value.
Then how can one be cheaper than the
other? It can't be, and any represent
ation to this effect is a deception, a
pretense. The law governs, and this
is plain and distinct. It says so many
grains of silver shall be one dollar. It
says the same with respect to gold.
The authority is the same for both. If
it is possible to depreciate the one it
is the other.
And yet, these facts are ignored. The
cry of cheap money still goes on. (),
this devilish iteration! Come ofT!
Come off! We have had enough o' it !
Washington (D. C.) National View.
Signs or tli Times.
As one of the trifling events whieh
mark the era of approaching revolu
tion one among a dozen in the papers
of a single day, we take tho following
from the telegraph columns :
JxniAXAi'ur .is, Aug. 2.--"A detach
ment of police has been called to
Haughville to protect tho trustees
from violence at the hands of enraged
citizens. Notices have been posted on
their doors declaring that they will
be 'dealt with' if they do not resign.
After reciting various charges against
the trustees the notice says : 'We can
endure hardships, trials and troubles
to shelter, feed and sustain our wives
and little ones xvho have toiled with
us, hope to see the day when mort
gages on our little homes are lifted;
but before wo will submit to seo our
homes go to fill the pockets of glut
tonous Shylocks we will take the law
into our own hands; and Clod have
mercy on our souls."
Tci-haps, when the plutocrats xvho
have burned hundreds of millions of
greenbacks and taken tip all the small
denominational bonds, and demonetized
silver, see their palaces in flames, and
tho red knife of revolution unsheathed,
they will remember a few of the warn
ings like tho above. It is no small
satisfaction to know that the above
does not occur in Kansas! It looks,
somehow, more threatening in the
middle states; and when we hear the
same low growl from New York aui
the mutterings in Pennsylvania, it be
gins to look as though the west was
not alone in this mighty movement
whieh already draws fearfully close to
revolution.
What can now be said against the
lawlessness of tliischaracter when high
old-party officials publicly advertise
that, they will not execute the laws;
and when roughs of every character
are sustained in the public press, and
by public men, for their lawlessness!
When such a condition exists among
the dugs and the politicians, xve say
to the plutocrats, "Hands of"! - these
suffering poor have a cause before the
throne of tiod and if your damnable
villains and thieves and scoundrels,
debauchers of the government, and
whisky-peddlers, go unscathed by law.
so shall these children of the basement
take reign and riol among your treas
ures! "The villainy you teacli us, we
xvill execute, and better the instruc
tion." So say these victims, in the
language of Shylock himself and woo
unto this generation when the instruc
tion be "bettered I" SI. 1'ml 1 Minn. )
;'(,( Wr,l.
Ill u Nnlsliell.
The t'hrixtiiin I'nimi gives us a
specimen of how a good writer can
condense a voluminous amount of mat
ter into an essence of tho subject and
give us the pith of the pope's encyclical
in the following :
That there is a labor problem.
That the factory acts are rigiit iu
principle.
That labor organizations should bo
encouraged.
That workingmen are suffering
under gross injustice.
That wealth is a trust and must bt
administered as a trust.
That labor arbitration should take
the dace of labor battles.
That hours of labor should be such
as to give time for soul and culture.
That it is the duty of the church to
concern itself with these facts.
That wages should be such as to give
opportunity for acquisition of property.
That if these results cannot be se
cured by free contract, the law should
interfere.
That, woman labor and child labor
should be regulated and reduced by
legislation.
That the church, the state, free labor
organizations and capitalists should all
co-operate in labor reform.
These are all Christian Union posi
tions. We did not expect ten years
ago to live to see them advocated from
the Vatican of the pope.
The world moves.
lust tlie Same.
There is not a pinhead's difference be
tween the aims and ends of the repub
lican and democratic parties in Massa
chusetts to-day. Both consist, of a
small clique of rich men and their law
yers and agents, and a big set of poor
fools, whom they bamboozle into vot
ing for a meaningless nothing which
they call "the party." The Xcir Na
tion. And the same is true here and every
where. What is there of any party
but the politicians, office-holder and
office seekers, and the poor dupes who
shout and vote for that meaningless
myth, the party? Lairrcnrc, (Kan.),
Jcijt rpon inn.
About Kentucky.
People's party candidates control the
legislature.
Party lines generally forsaken by tiie
voters.
(liiitis to the new organization being
the result.
A victory in elections to the legisla
ture over the old parties iu the old
state.
Farmers taking a hand iu legislation.-
-Cinrinnali I'n''i i ret; Dmi.
A Kior devil down in Missouri stole
some hams and a shoulder and was
gathered in by the strong arm of the
law and given live years in the peni
tentiary; then the treasurer of the
same state stole fod.OOO in cash from
the commonwealth's treasury and was
picked up by the same "strong arm of
the law," and nfter plenty of delibera
tion, given two years in the same insti
tution with the common pork thief. As
the enormity of the crime increases the
years of punishment are lopped off, it
seems. Missouri jusriee is subject to
queer freaks. Wahoo, (Nch.J Netr
Era.
Look around yon ami you xvill find
that everybody who is reaching out
and trying to lietter the condition of
men and women is condemned by the
associated press ; it matters not whether
they advocate the reduction of taxes
and interest, an increase in the circu
lating medium of the country, the
establishing of government warehouses,
a reduction of the hoursof labor, or co
operative colonization in Mexico, any
thing that will tend to the ameliora
tion of the producing classes, is cen
sured andlied about. WinjleUlKan.)
Nonconform iff.
The New York World declares that
the population of the agricultural dis
tricts is less than it was ten years ago,
the gains having been made in the
towns and cities. But the mortgage
indebtedness is increasing at the rate of
fS, 500.000 per year, and the loss in
farm values since 18S0 is estimated at
$205,000,000, or an average of r$7 per
acre for the single state of Ohio. There
are states where the proportion shows
a still worse condition of affairs.
Nearly $:50,000,000 of government
money is always deposited with certain
bankers without interest charged. Tho
bankers loan this money, and may be
said in the language of the street, to
have "a soft snap." Meantime tho
proposition to useless than $30,000,000
to build warehouses in which to store
the basis of all wealth, is met with ter
rific opjiosition. St. Paul (Minn.)
Great Went.
Gov. Pennoyer, democratic governor
of Oregon, has renounced his allegi
ance to the democratic party and en
rolled himself in the people's party.
HURLED TO ETERNITY,
A TRAIN AT THE BOTTOM OF
AN 85-FOOT ABYSS.
Tito Catatroplio tlie Worst In the His
tory cf ortt Carolina Hie Nuinli r or
lira I Hoclie Over a Sc ro Proml
nruce oi the Victim.
AVrec't ot the F.ott Mall.
One of the most disastrous ra'lway
wrecks km wn in the annals of Nor th
Carolii a occurred abo :t r.1 o'clock a. m.
a', Boston Bridge, two mi'es west of
Matesvil e, on the W estern North Crro
Irna l oad.
1 assenger No. fi, known as the fast
mali. was made up at t-a isbury, a d
! u!'ed out on time (l a m.). loaded with
passe -.gent. It was compo-e-j of a lax-ira-o
a .d tr ail car, second and lirst class
eoaeho.. a Pullman sleeper, and .Siqor
iiitendent llrid e s private ar Pa sy.
Tie- sh epc r. which w as from (ioldsboro.
usually contriiiis a Rood number o' pas
seniors from Northern points, and that
night was well tilled.
The run to Statesville was mad" on
time, a tlis-am;.' of twenty-live: miles, but
just aftr-r leaving Statesville tlcro s a
high stone brrd.-e spanning Third ( reek,
and down Into this creek plutmort the
entire train, a distance of at ieast eighty
live feet, carrying dca Ii and destruction
with it.
Twenty pa-'S'-ngers were killed out
r'cht, nine seriously in'i.red, and ahont
tw-'t ty ha lly bruised and shaken uu
Tho night was dismal, and to add t
the horror ol tho situation the wat r in
the creek was up It was only throutrli
the most heroic 1 fforts of those who had
hurried to the see e of the wreck that
tlio injured were not drowned
The accident was caused hy the
sprcadinif of the rails. The killed and
injured wore a 1 re-idents of tlm South,
most of tlern memic.s of prominent
families who had been at the seash.'o.
An eye witn-ss who appeared at the
scene just at daylight says. 10 use his
own words: "The scene appalled me .
The gn at h'gh bridge apparently ie
maiiK'd intact-, but the tails wore torn
up and the edges of the stone were
knocked oif where the faking cars ha i
come in contact with it. It was
early morning. A mist til it tl the va'ley.
News of the accident had s an elv got
ten abroad, but already 1 willing peo
p'e from the surrounding farms wore
helping to remove the wreckage and
draw out the In dies of the dead It was
a terrible scne. The debris of the cars
was piled inoi.ntain high, it seemed, in
the utmost confusion Iu the fall the
Pullman car l ad leaped over all the oth
ers. whiilitiL- ihrough the air and strik
ing the ground with terrible effect, away
in front of where the engine lay. It
was mashed a- one would crush an
or.'g I y throwing it against a stone wall
We got out llngii.eer West in p'ooe.
His lireman. i'ry. of Hickory, was abo
badly muti a tr-d. From the debris of the
1 assenger ars people Were brought out.
mang e;! in a 1 sorts of ways, only two
or three bodies being brought out intact
The Lodh s we e ranged in a row on the
hillside, and they were icady to be sent
to Waterville when I leit, and workmen
wore there digging in the wreck for
other bodies. The conductor was bidly
hurt, but he hobbled to Statesville and
gave news of t 10 wreck."
Three ladies in the first-class car were
killed, and every passenger in the sleep
ing car met death - not a Hv'ng soul es
caping. '1 ho I rhko w as not n aterially
in ure I. and trains were so n running on
regular schedule t Hie
Am ng those killed was Miss Ophelia
Moore o" llel na. Ar., and her mother
was seriously injured. The M o.-os are
piomiii' iit in social and lite ary circles in
the rou tli. Anotlcr no'ed vb tim
was the Bev. ,1. M. Sikes, gradu
ate of the Southwestern Presbyterian
Fniversity of t larksvillo, Tenn. Pr.
Sikes had ju it been assigned to mission
ary work in China, and was to have left
for that countrv Sept.. 20. lie was mar
ried. It Is b'lievod by some that malicious
per sons spread the rails so that the train
won d lea e the track and dah into the
viadii 't. An east hound train had pass
ed over fhe iaduct only au hour and a
half previously.
The Western Norih aro'ina Railroad
extends from Sa'isbury to Point Bock,
and is owned an I operated by the Rich
mond and Danvole
Uio Kainniuk'Ti.
R ainvakf.us are comrufm nowaday
nut Ohio comes to the front as usual
with a new f . d. Some enterprising
editors got together at Columbus and or
ganized a campaign thun: er foi ndry
7'ofc fo (' mim rrciii'.
Fhom the amount of ('.imago reported
through eiessiv3 rainfalls it is gratify
ing to be informed that the ep riments
for nrtiltcial.y causing a down-pour are
not satisfactory. It is well 1 1 ha e suf
lio'cnt moisture, but those Hoods aro to
b' dreaded, ToVdo If v.
T.iAr man with th' rain-producer
down in Texas, v hen ho trios to make a
little local shower, creates a storm which
covers 1,000 ji iiro mi e . lie has evi
dently discovered no Improvement on
ihe old plan of sending rain upon the
just and unjust. -HosUm fr'foV.
Titir rainmakers are wanted in cast
em parts, In Con i client, in Westches
ter ounty and elsewhere where the
reservoirs and streams are low. This is
a reasonable r- nest If rain can to
made tho folk- who make it should b'
willing to test tli- i r system upon places
where success w.ll mean an Immediate
goo It Diic Sciiiif '.
Oi-.M-rn.w. Drill-xkoktii conti ines to
explode dynamite and guniowder in the
upper air of Tcss, and li s explosions
continue to be followed by rain. S'ill
the Texans r fuse to take much stock in
Iiyrenforth, but rither put their faith
I in an all-wise and overruling Providence,
which sendcth tail in due season upon
the just and upon the unjust, without
! .1. . ' . .... -r ..
mo assistance 01 iwpiosne:. io,x,-orr
hr.ifd.
(Jkxkkai. n.'i:i:Konrn having evolv
ed a thousand miles of rain with
the ail of rackarock and oy
hydregeii might, now turn his at
tention to Rainmaker Mo bourne
and enlist him for further experiments.
Mr. Melbourne has been doing mete r -logical
"st-ints" in a little backyard
cubbyhole with a material that might be
termed "rackamouth." and claims ail
lb' rain that, has lately falen around
Cincinnati. If a Pyrenforth kit or
a dynamite bomb could put Mr. Mel
bourne nearer the sources of rain supply
we might look for a Noacbiau deluge.
Brooklyn Citizen.
Thi Kill-- r Whi cr .
FMrF.itoii Wn.i.tAM has grown a I card
and Covornor W'nans has shav. d his
chin whiskers. There appears to be no
accounting for the tastes of great men.
Dftroit Trl'miie.
A FiiEN'cu physician declares that
Kaiser Wilbelm cannot, live two years,
but the source of this opinion will pre--cnt.
it from causing much flurry among
the statesmen of Euro; e S:. J.imiH
I'ost-LHsr.dtrh.
The appearance of Emperor Wiiliam
on the streets of Ilerlin on horseback on
Sunday was a goo-l way to refute the
sensational stories about h:s health The
reason for his retirement on the royal
yacht, "was that he was raising a beard,
and, like a young man with his first
mustache, was ashamed of it until it bad
outgrown the api carUree of neglect of
the barber. He is no a bearded u on
arch. Qulncy WliUj.
WHITENING FROSTS
DESTROY MUCH OF THE NORTH
WEST'S CROP.
The Thermnmeler Gam Wh.t Itelow Frrer:
Ing Iolnt M uch of Maiiitrlia'n Standing
Grain It till tin on, and Will lie a Total
Loan.
Seven Hepr rs Helow lor.-erin.
Tho reports which come from the
North Dakota wheat fields are of a dis
couraging characte .
At Cooporstown, tlriggs County, tbera
was a heavy freeze, ice forming a quar
ter of an inch thick, bate grain Is
cooked, and wheat in shock and in
process of cutting is damaged. Tho
thermometer reached the freezing point
at midnight, an I at in in the morning
stood at .'." degrees. Farmers generally
had 1 laced st i:w on li e north side of
the lields, and most everybidy sat up all
night and tended their smudges, but it
was of no use. for what li tie breeze
there was came from the south and car
ried the simil e in th wrong direction.
About ,'." per tent, of the grain is in
shock. The thermometers ran down to
-s a several points iu Ramsey County,
and ice was found on the heads of wheat
in many lields Smudge tir s were not
started until hit ' in the ti ght, and it i
fear, d tin y did little goo I.
About. .Vi eroer t. of the grain is cut
in that r gion.
Villages a'ong the northern border re
port that ihe tempera!: re was in places
not niiich above '.'e. It wash's at Pem
bina. -4 at Uol o. ' i at Caudo, and .lo at
St. John. It was cloi.dy, however, at
tho last two points name I.
.Manitoba rco irts are black. livery
point in th" province shows that tlie tem
perature was from ".- to '.'7.
The wh 'at there is still in the milk,
and a large pop outage of it wiil lw a
total loss, tili.cr P.i i vmplo. North Da
kota's groat wheat grower, said, on
the condition of tlie crops, that
he estimate'! the frost had destroyed
about one seventh of tie entire wheat
and cats crou in the 1,'ed Hivor Va'ley
from 1 argi to the l'.rit sh possession.
The last frwee would, of course, re
lue the ligarcs, and he feared one
sixth of tie- cr p would bo de-.-t
roved. Cm the 11 glit of the lirst frost
a :i-l alf of the wheat acreage had been
untouched by the harvester. He siys
that all the wheal u cut at that time
ias had what is calhd a "Ira d" frost.
This wheat wiil be e jually as good for
milinx purposes as No 1 hard, but tho
farmers will receive a grade lower. In
explaining the action of the frost on tho
uncut wheat lc; said the anion! of dam
age would altogether dope d on the con
dition of the wheat berry at the time of
the frost. The wheat standing which
had tume I to dough but had not 1 ipened
would 1 ot bo materially injured by this
severe frost. It would a ily result i:i
ro;rii;at lis; the surface of the grain,
which would destroy its brightness and
cause it to l so a gra e. The wheat Pi
the milk would be an ent re loss when
ever there was a frost below :r.' degrees.
The straw wou d turn to yellow and
might d 'ocivo oven tho most experienced,
farmer, but the grain wou'd never pass
out of its milk state
A Pulutli dispatch says: Hoard of
Trade men received reports from North
Dakota that frost seriously injured
late sown wheat throughout the State,
while letters about the prior frost
indicate that more damage was done
than had previously 1 eon estimated.
A Church's Ferry, N. I)., report says:
The thermometer registered 2x. Ice was
found on the heads of wheat in many
fields. Farmers tried smudge fires to a
large extent, but some think they did
not commence soon enough, some of
them waiting t 11 almo-t freezing point
before starting the files. About St) per
rent, of the grain is cut, and half of tho
balance is ripe. There is no frost at
1'ando or St dohn, but it was heavy at
Kolla
At St. Vincent, N. IV, it was 32 de
grees, the same as the former cold snap,
but there was apparently a much heavier
frost- About 70 per cent of the crop is
harvested.
At Pembina, N. P., it was four de
grees below freezing.
All over Manitoba the damage is form
idable. Tho thermometer was from two
to live degrees below freezing all o.er
the province. A great Quantity of tho
wheat is still green.
WONDERFUL RUN OF MINNEAP
OLIS MILLS.
The Output of a Week AcB'rcgated 185.
3 I'arrels if Flou-.
Considering that over ,1.00;') barrels
jaily capacity was idle, the Minneapolis
mills made a remarkable run fora week.
The output has probably not been equaled
more than half a dozen times. The ag
siegatc production was lS",c!S0 barrels
averaging 3 ',SH7 bands daily, against
17:', 07: barrels the week b fore. 1 til, .6."
barrels for the c 'ir s ending time in
lS'.to, and !", 2'KI barrels in lssri. Nine
teen mills wete in op ration, and they
wero .'rinding at the rate of XI.
"oo barr Is p r twenty-four hours.
The millers are gradually in
creasing too quantity of steam in
use to make up for the deficiency in
water power. Two or three mills which
have no steam are being restricted in
the use of vater, and matters will grow
worse with them as the river gets lower.
The mills, as a rule, are being operated-
as strong as pos-ib'e, and were it not fori
improvements in progress two morej
would bo in th operative list
The prospects of higher freight ratesi
is still a stimulus for heavy work. Thel
advance of 10 cents per barrel to the.
seaboard which w as aniioniK cJ for'
August has only part'y been enforced. f
rome of the lines mak ng a rate of -7!''
rents per 10 pounds to New York and
1)2'.. to Hoston.
Wise and Othfrwiso.
Ik good and you "ill lie a curiosity.
Nkvki: lo k a gift horse-pistol in the,
muzzle.
He who is always comp'ainini do
serves to have good cause to lament
Oxb is a setter of type ami the other'
is a type of setter the conundrum isj
obvious.
It is not a lack of stone tint rs delay
ing the Grant monument. It is a lackj
3f rocks.
Kiwahi .1. S vxtir.ni ix. a negro liar-'
ber of Denver, lias ac piired a fortune tj
S':oo,im 1.
Wiikx it comes to discharging a man.
pvery employer likes to become his ownf
shipping clerk
It is sai l Ilia" the tomb of lo-orgc
Sand and Ircr son offer a sad spectaclo'
of forgetfulne-s
Ik you don't tell what fSod is to you.
It won't be long, until yor won't have,
tnv thing to tell.
Jkat.os s people love themselves mora
than they do those whom tliey torture
with their jca'ousy.
"Hnixo up a child in the way he should
70," and then follow him and keep him'
out of bad company.
Crisi.F.D hair is better for padding'
dresses than waddiug. It keeps itsj
shape and docs not flatten.
Mil. Worth says, anl we suppose he's
authority, that bust'es, crinolins and!
Jraperies are not to to revived.
It Is not st-ango that very few men,
know themselves inVnialely. M- st peo-i
pie like to get rid of disagreeable ac-i
jualntances.