The farmers' union., September 10, 1891, Image 1

About The farmers' union. (Memphis, Mo.) 1891-1895

Image provided by: State Historical Society of Missouri; Columbia, MO

                
ION
VOLUME I.
MEMPHIS, MISSOURI, THUKSDAY SEl'TKMIJER 10, ISM.
NUMHEU 32
ALONG LAKE SUPERIOR
SCENES AND TRADITIONS OF A
ROMANTIC REGION.
A Groat fpre.-vl or Countr Abounding In
Xatunrf Stt a.iion -Tlia Da 1 of the
St, Loai lu--retin.; lu.liau 1 -euil-i
Work tuia Wuiidarinictf of tliw Kar.y t ach
olic Mlssiouarie Tue loppor Jiiun.
Superior's Sli r.
Tho south shoro of I.ako Supetlor ran
murh of it be regarded as unite like an
unknown country, l'i luns iic Ann rica
says It is 21)3 years s nco the first white
man set foot there lie mot a crowd of
Ojibway and Algonquin Indians, and
five years later they ki led him. 'lhi
two centuries and o er sl:.ce then ar a
long time in Amo:i- a ; history, yet in all
that time but little aboii. th s g cat in
land sea has bee ; writteu The lake is
380 miles long ami l- ml os wide, and
along tho south sin re arc scattered mas
sive rooky walls, giant i-lirs. and dense
forests, tho e-inai to a ything existing
on the Atlantic eo.i-t
. At tiie- extreme western o--.d of Lake
Superior is St. Louis l ay, separated
from the 'ako itself by a narr- w strip of
land: or, more properly, two. ciil ed
Minnesota and W iscmisin Points, form
ing a natural liar of many mil. s in
extent. It was first visi ed by li , i bod
iften in p32, as nearly as h story records.
Duluth. named after the noted From h
man Pu Lhut, stanils oi tho north shore
of the bay, at the extreme western end
of the groat bain of lake;, 1,75) miles
from Quebec and l,?i from ItulTa'o
Its situation is picturesque. From a
narrow beach abrupt hills rise to a
height, of ,"no feet I'p' ii the summit, of
the ridge thus formed an 1 on what mu't
have, been th 'ormer level of the lake is
a natural roa ihed inn to 25") feet w de,
which local enterprise has transformed
into Terrace drive. On the sides of the
Intervening hills rests the city.
Westward from Puluth are th" Pal'cs
of the St. Louis. Here Nature Is hnrsh.
rugged, and somier, tearing her way in
- a water o-irse four r. iles lone, with a
descent of 4'0 fert The banks arc
formed o" odd pray ;lnt rcck:, clad j
with an ample growth of bleak p ne, and :
twisted, split, and torn into the wildest
shapes. Throtich the dtsnnl chanr.el
thus bordered the curre: t surges with
terrific force. leading and oddy.ng and
uttering a savage roar that the neighbor
ing hills sullenly rovrberate-
Fpon the south shore of St Louis Lay
are tho two towns. West Superior .and
Old Superior, with S iperior Pay on the
east. An Indian legend relating to the
hay is r t II related there. It appears
that the Chlpewas Imagined the homo
of the Fad Manitcu to be at tho gateway j
to Superior Hay. l'eca se the currents
of the aillj ,,f the 'akc conflict just
there and keep the water constantly,
though not violently, distuned, they
fancied that the evil spirit kept house In
or under the water Just at that point.
They knew he made tiou le everywhere,
and the unexplained distur' anc In the
water wa-; therefore a certain sign that
tills was where he li- ed In order to
satisfy the demon they never pa-s-d
that spot in their boats without dropping
their valuaMcs into it as a pea e offer
ing. To the south, within a tew hours'
drive, arc the fails of the H'aek River,
the Minnehaha of Wisconsin. ISO feet
or more in height, and lust east of Su
Ierior Station theNemaii Liver, a deep
stream that fows into Superior Hay.
The name was given by the Chippewa,
and signifies " eft hand," mean ng tho
river at the !eft hand as one enters the
I ay from the lake.
t till skirting along Superior's south
ern border the Iron River, I ike Lake
and White Ilay are crossed and Ashland
is soon reached. Northward l'o what
aro known as the Apost'e Islands.
Father Mar-iuette. the central figure of
lake country history, passed fomc time
on one of them, now called Madeline
Island. An antiquated Korran C.itholic
chapel still stands at La 1'ointe. Ii was
bui t of rough-hewn loei, and Is now
used as an ad. unct of the newer struct
ure. The chief object of Interest In the
room is a famous old pitcher that hangs
over the a tar. aad that Is only interest
ing became of a tradition to t'ie effect
that it was brought from France by tho
adventurous priests whose real led them
to this w.ld region.
It Is not far to Michigan ar"l the,
heart of tho Gogebic Iron range. The
country 1 ere is 7.,o feet aliove Lake Su
perior's level. Fish and gam e abound.
Houghton and Hancock, "the twin
cities of the (Htchie llummec," are lo
cated on opposite si ! s of Portage Lake,
which separates Keweenaw Point from
tho mainland. Tho channel of Portage
Lake is deep enough to admit the jas-
THE GREAT CA E. CAT ISLAM).
sage of the largest vessels; and, a
these cities are In the heart of the great
est copper region in the world, they arc
the ports from which that product is
shipped.
Pre.-que Isle is the name of a high
headland two mi'es north of the Mar
quette. Its shores aro rugged, sand
stone cliffs broken here and there by
the .waves into fancifully formed cav
erns, pil ars and arches This spot was
once the site of a flourishing Indian vil
lage of the Chippewa tribe.
Of the scenic beauties that will be
seen on the way the most striking are
Iouglas T al s, tho great cave at Cat
Is'ani, the Miner's Castle, Dead Kiver
Fal s. and the cave at Presrjue Isle.
A spot that should bo visited before
leaving the lake shore is Mackinac, pro
nounced ns though spelled "Mackinaw."
Mack'nac Island lies like a broken link
between I'pix-r and Lower Michigan.
Around it in -et the waters of the two
great lakes, Huron and Michigan, whoso
level is SSI feet above the sea Ths
island has suicient area to cause a Jour
ney of nine miles in skirting Its shores.
It is shaped as if it, had been made square,
then some giant force had pulled each
of its corners a little wa-.. It rises
sheer a Kve tho translucent waters, a
great plateau iOO to 3(0 feet In height,
wooded luxuriantly and framed with a
broad white beach.
As is the custom with o'd vi laics
wherever they ar.j seen, th? little orig
in' settlement crouches at the. foot. of
the bluff beneath the fort a stragg ing,
pictures iuj settlement of shops and cot
tages churches and hotels, facing the
white strand and the marvclously clear
water. As is also the custom with tho
wiser planning of mankind to-day, the
-far choicer .high, ground is being built
upon with modern hotels and lovely
i
i
villas. Up tbrro,
also, is tho military J
reservation of 103 acres, ana the re
mainder has boon set apart by the Gov
ernment Justly appreciating Its iiuiiuo
attractions for a national f ork.
Tort Mackinac wh'rh stands on a
r.x'ky c mfnence Just above tho t-own, was
built by the English In 170. The bulld
fngs aro a hospital, outside tho wall and
MINElt S CASTI.C.
east of the fort; a guard-house, near the
south gate; o:licers" quarters en the hill
nrar the fiaestalT. quarters for the men
in the ent.er, b ock-houses on the waLs.
mazarine in the hollow, not far from tho
south gate; store houses, offices, e'.c.
There are persons yet living on the is'and
who, during the troub'es of 114, took
refugo in these self-same block houses.
i .. ....... . r . i. t . i. . '.
ill iiij ii-ui ui nit; i oi i i-. iiti; ptiiiioi; j
t-,-i-,nt -iniOlifliinit irlinnX'firit I'lihorts !
pianfn bis guns ;n 1&12, whle ins wl:o:e
force of Indians wa concealed in the
adjacent thickets. Capt. Loberts dis
embarked at Hritish Landing, marched
IHU'C.r.AS FALLS.
across the island, and took up h's station
at this point without being discovered.
Half or three quarters of a mile be
hind Fort Mackinac, on the crowning
point of the island, is Fort Holmes,
built after the llritish captured the pot
in 1812. The excavation encircling the
embankment or earthworks was origin
ally broader and deeper than now. The
p'acj! of the gate is seen on the east
side, one of the po ts yet remaining t
mark its position. In the center of the
fort was erected a huge block-house, be
neath which was the magazine. Near
the gate was the. ctitranco to several
cellars, which hav; now caved in. His
tory shows this fort to have been con
sidered a very remarkable and formlda-
i bio defense in Its time. Its old name
I was Fort George, but wh 'ii It became
an Anvricau possession it was r.-nam'd
in honor of Ma1. Holmes, a hero who
fell at Early's Farm.
As far back a history begins to vie
with traditions that reach into the dis
tant past Mackinac island has been a
place of great interest. A legend relat s
that a largo number of Indians were
once assembled at Poi::t St. Ignaee, and
while intentlyga.tiig at the lising sun,
during the. great Manitou or February
moon, they 1,-ohoM the Island suddenly
! rise up from
1 piesent form.
the water, assuming its
From the point of obser
vation it bo:e the fancied resemblance
to the back of a huge turtle; he;.oe they
called it by the name of Mas-die ue mac
sing, which means a great turt'e The
name, when p it int.i a French dress, be
came Machilitr.a kinac, to be in tu.-n
AHCn ROCK AT MACKINAC.
' 1 i
! J A.
IEAO KIVEIl FAI.I.S.
, .!
i
N.
ii II illMil II II III ,
rb - ....
again abbro-.iatod by the always prac
tical English into Mat'ltTifac.
In 1671 Fathr Ma'rqi-ctt pioneer and
priosV wrote that-klipfma kinac is
an island fa mnis iiH these regions, of
more than a lenjrue'in diameter, and
cletatcd in so'tffepjitcos by such high
cliffs as. to'.bej&.ipore than twelve
leagues .' off. ttdfJfthiBf. M arquette was
. - ij. i.v-'r--.' .- .
doubtloss the Crst white man to Ssit It,
or at lea-t to dwell ujiou it. He estab
lished a school on tho island In 1071 for
the. education of the Indian youths, and
so much was he attached to "the Straits"
that when he died In ltl75 It was at his
request his Indian converts brought his
body back to the little mission estab
lished by him at St. Ignaee. Tho first
vessel over seen on these waters was
the Griffin, built by the explorer La
Salle on Lako Erie in 178.
In lO'.i.1) Cadillac, who still later found
ed Letrolt, csabll.-:hed a small fort hero.
Then tho contests and skirmish' s, rot
tinmingled with ma sacres, until finally
Mackinac, with all the other French
strongholds on the lake-, was surren
dered to the English In Sep'omber, 1761.
In 17i'3 began the conspiracy of l'ont'ac
a coup de guerre wonderful for the f-a-gae.it
y with which it wa-i p anned and
the vigor with which It was cseeutod.
A year afterward, a treaty of peace
having been made with tho Indiaus,
troops were again sent to raise tho En
glish flag over the fort. The present fort
on Mackinac Island was built by the En
g'lsh in 1770. 15y a treaty of jeaoe be
tween Groat Britain and the I'nltcd
States Sept. .1, 17H3, the island fell with
in the boundary of the United States,
but tinder various processes tho En-llsh
refused to wjthdraw their troops, lly a
second treaty, concluded Nov. IP, 17 '4,
it was stipulated that the British sliotrld
withdraw on or before .luno 1, 1717.
Two companies of Tinted States troops
arrived iu October. l"Ci and took i os
sesslon, a previous treaty with the Indi
ans having secured from them the po t
During the war of 1SU' the Is'and was
again surrendered to the llriti-h. After
the victory of Commodore Perry on Lake
I'rie in llH an effort wa made to recap
ture it, but the troops sent were lnsnl'ti-
j oient in numbers, and not until 1814 was
the American fla? again hoisted over the
Gibraltar of the lakes.
In savage minds Mackinac's suierb
position was appreciated, then the mis
sionaries made it their chief pulpit, i!0.xt
civilized warfare made it a coveted
stronghold, later it became a commer
cial center. This was when the fur
f trade was carried on by John Jacob
Astor. Mr. Astor organized tho Ameri
can Fcr Company, with a capital of
S?,tK)f,00a The ot'.ttost of the company
were scattered throughout the wholo
West and Northwest. This Island was
the great central mart to which tho
goods were brought from New York by
way of the lakes, and from Quebec and
Montreal by way of the Ottawa. Lako
Nipissing, and French Liver. From t h i-3
point they were distributed to all tho
outjosts. while from all the Indian coun
tries the furs were annually brought
down to tho island by the company's
agents, whence they Wert. solit to New
York, Quebec, or to Europe. This com
pany was organized in lon and contin
ued to do business until ls-is
MRS. SUSAN C. COOKE.
Tito Xew Secretary of llie Women's Hoard
of the World's Fair.
Mrs. Susan (t. Cooke, who has been
officially appointed to take Phrbo
C'ouzins' place as Secretary of the
1'oard of Lady Managers, is a very
rajiid worker, clear-lieaded and ex
peditious, and in addition to thofe
qualities is exceedingly patient and
sweet-tempered.
8 he was born in New York. Her
father was Dr. George Spaulding Gale,
one of the most prominent surgeons of
Vermont, and her grandfather, also a
native of Vermont, was one of the
heroes of 1812. Her mother was allied
MIIS. SfsAN O. COOKE.
to one of the oldest families in New
York and possessed much intellectual
al ility. Mjs. Cooke was educated in
New York City and shortly after grad
na'ion married Siduev K. Cooke, a
member of tho New York Stock l'.x
change. They moved to Knox-villej
Tenn., and Mr. Cooke died there in
ln,s:. Mrs. Cooke has had much ex
perience in charitable work and for
several years was one of the managers
of the Brooklyn Orphan Asylum. She
is a woman of wide cnltijre and with a
winning gentleness." She has a quick
sense of humor and is an interesting
conversationalist. She ha-s also the
faculty of adjusting difficulties with
out resorting- to' heroic methods and
promoting-' the ends of peace and har
mony. Hie,- Will. Not Toueli ( iiHtor OA.
Xo sort vt bird, beast, or creeping
thing will tork'h a castor-oil plant. It
seems to be a ra ik poison to all the
animal world. Even a goat will starve
before biting off a leaf, ar.d a horse
will sniff at it and turn Tip his upper
lip as though. it had the most detest
able odor on 'the 'face- of the earth.
Army worms and the locusts will pass
it by, though they may ea$ every other
green thing in sight, ami '.there is no
surer way to drive moles away from a
lawn than to plant a few castor beans
here and there. Even the tobacco
worm- will refuse to be fed on its
leaves. The;e is hardly another in
stance in natural history of a plant
being so universally detested by the
animal world. Globe-Democrat.
"There are born liars as well as born
poets," but the former comes easier to
a man.
EQUAL RIGHTS TO ALL.
LOYALTY TO PARTY A THREAD
BARE SOPHISTRY.
Extracts From a Letter l)y !Ion. J. O.
Koarby, of Te--v;s, HopI.vis to an Invita
tion to Dollvr:- an Aililvcst liefoio tlio
Alliance at DalUm.
The industrial and producing classes
have been plundered and oppressed
jy cIrss and vicious legislation for
twenty-five years. A mistaken party
fealty, boru of local mid sectional
prejudices, has stood as a pillar of fire
in tho pathway of all reform; this is
being rapidly dissipated by intelligent,
thoughtful inquiry and investigation
by the masses. All men know and ad
mit that there never was a time iu the
history of the world's civilization, that
there were so many very rich men, eo
many very poor men; the acquisition
of fabulous wealth has been made easy
to the few by prostituting the func
tions of government.
Party tmccosa has been, and is, tho
achievement of money, corporate
wealth, and the mael illations of schem
ing politicians; in all this, patriotism,
the public good and the interest of the
many, is completely lost. The indus
trial and producing classes have hith
erto taken but little interest in the
country, have voted their party aflili;i
tions, rejoiced with party sncceas and
mourned with .rty defeat. Hut ex
perience has taught us that the trans
planting of one party by another
brings no changes i:i the general con
dition of the country, tho rich con
tinue to grow richer, and the poor,
poorer; here and there some changes
in office holders, a republican displaced
by a democrat. New men appear at
"court," but no substantial reforms aro
inaugurated. Extravagance, licen
tiousness in public affairs, favoritism,
bonds, national banks, tariff, dear and
scarce money, corporate wealth end
Influence still abide with us. There
exists throughout the land a universal
and irreconcilable discontent, a feeling
of unrest ; burdens are multiplying,
labor goes unrequited, distress, want
and penury prevail everywhere; aggre
gated corporate capital controls com
merce, the value of products of indus
try, the price of labor"; these conditions
are the direct result of party policies;
the peopls in their majesty must bring
about the reforms desired, thev must
restore this government to its primeval
equalities, thev must shape and make
operative policies that will alike foster
and protect capital and labor, produc
tive industry must no longer be de
pendent upon trusts, corporations and
combined capital for its remuneration.
The fostering government protec
tion, hitherto given to wealth,
must be withdrawn, or extended to in
dustry, to labor, to the people.
Tho industrial and productive class
es constitute about seventy per cent,
of the voting population of the nation,
they represent all of the creative
wealth of the nation, they represent
eighty per cent, of the consumption of
the country; yet they have less
than five per cent, representation in
the administration of the affairs of the
government.
For twenty-five years the farmer and
the laborer hfus, with implicit submis
sion, intrusted government policies to
party, every party platform during
that time has been pregnant With
promises of reform, alternate party suc
cess has produced ro reform, no
change, but gradually and surely has
our condition drifted into intolerable
oppression, to classes, to conditions of
dependencies, of servitude, of poverty.
But the people are admonished that
their safety lies in their loyalty to
party; a sophistry so threadbare
ought not to deceive a fool. Have
you not trusted, and have you not ex
perienced disappointment. What ser
vice has party rendered that it should
command the homage of the people.
The democratic party is, and has been,
in all its history, replete with nega
tions, first resisting, then tamely ac
quiescing, it Tails, rants nml scolds,
but as never inaugurated or achieved
a reform. Strong in its protestations
against tne iniquities ot t lie republican,
party, but weak in resistance, weak
in achievements.
No conditions created by republican
rule have been disturbed by demo
cratic policies. The bonded debt, a
a financial cruelty, has been repeated
ly refunded by democratic votes. Na
tional banks, the creature f republi
can devotion to moniod auto, rats, have
been repea'edly recharteivd by demo
cratic votes. Protective lariff, the
great republican thief that purloins
from the poor to make the rich richer,
has been temporized wi;h by demo
cratic votes, looking to five per cent,
reductions, thereby legalizing the
most stupendous system of robbery
that ever disgraced our liberly or our
civilization. 1 it-based silver, the price
of shaimipHs republican loyalty to
eastern gold bugs, has by democratic
votes been repeatedly dishonored, and
has never yet, and never will be, fully
restored to its dominion as the money
of the people, by democratic olieies.
New policies must be forged and new
men placed to the front, to test their
practicability and u:;. fulness. Every
new or reform movement may expect
to encounter democratic opposition,
becanao the scope an. I f ill measure of
democratic usefulness is resistance,
negation; republican opiosition be
cause their nll.'gi nice is to capital and
corporate power, because they are the
legitimate-progenitors of the financial
policies and the class legislation that
has produced the want, beggary, un
easiness and unrest, that hangs like a
Vpall of -darkness" over this land.
I know but li tie of the sub-treasurv.
scheme. I learn da' it promises tho
people money issued by the govern
ment, upon their land and other prop
erty as securitv; while present poli
cies only promise the people money
nvon a government bond as security.
If it be ono of the functions of govern
ment to issue tho people money upon
any kind of security, I can't see why
laud O' cotton should not be as availa
ble as a bondji If it be ono of the
functions of government to take as se
curity for its revenue a barrel of whis
ky and store in a house owned -or
maintained by the government, why
not take a bushel of corn or wheat for
the same purpose? : pemsgogues ory
out, "One is paternalism, the other is
statesmanship." The one they say
makes beggars and- dependents of us,
while the other makes -roval and patri
otic citizens tho one they say will
give us a depreciated and worthless
ourrency, while the ot' r gives us a
currency so valuable and so scarce
that the people can not obtain a suf
ficiency of it to secur"e a comfortable
living. These are the moanings of the
the royal and select few, who are lux
uriating in government favor. Their
bond will be shorn of its fictitious
value, when the gonoral government
will accord to a thousand dollars
worth of land, of cotton, or of other
product, tho same quality that is ac
corded the bond. The sub-treasury
bill may or may not be what is wanted.
This, however, 1 do know, that the ex
igencies of the times demand some
thing; gnawing hunger will not bo
stayed by fancy disquisitions upon de
preciated currency, technical quibbles
upon consti'ution.il law, empty pride,
or that crowned heads will look vith
disfavor upon our money. What care
we for all Europe? "Vide alien land
law." I still adhere to the doctrine
mat tnis government should issue in
sufficient volume all the money needed
by tho people. Money is tho creature
of the government, and no industry
should be permitted to perish for want
of it in a country with such abundant
resources as ours.
Democrats say farmers and laborers
are all right, so long us they hold their
alliances and labor leagues iu the
democratic camp. The republican says
you aro very proper persons, eo long as
your organizations aro held upon re
publican camp ground. Tho moment,
however, you begin to or anize for
mutual protection, and tl eaten to
secure it by setting up shop for your
selves, by housekeeping upon your
own responsibility, by daring to have
convictions and policies of your own,
then you become fanatics, communists
anil traitors.
The day of lii'iingstate prejudice
and blind humility has passed. Men
and women are thinking, and before
another twelve months they will be
acting for themselves. Why not? To
whom does the government belong?
Who supported it in war? Who nur
tures it in peace? The people, the
masses. If wrongs exist, let themriso
in their majesty and correct them.
Take all that is good, just and patri
otic of democratic and republican pol
icies and from it mold an administra
tion of law, of justice, of moderation
and of equal rights that will restore
original purity, prosperity, happiness
and contentment. 1 would therefore
bid godspeed to every farmer organi
zation and every labor organization,
that has for its purpose the ameliora
tion of present contli'ions; the relief
of the great body of American citizens"
from their oppression ; tiiat promises
reform in government policies; that
promises to retrench and restore us to
nonesi mei.iotts; tnat promises a gov
ernment for tho people "Equal rights
to all and special privileges to none."
THE CONTRACT WAS CHANGED.
I.ik All V.. . 1". I'ajMTs tho T.K-k.l :ij
ital" Is I'tircfil to !isi:ite History to
Make an Ai-guiiienl.
It is plain to see why the Farm or
wants a vast increase of poor money,
however. It states that by decreasing
the volume of money creditor., have
made debtors pay on a higher money
standard than that on which the debt
was contracted. This it denounces.
If it were true, that the volume of
money or even the volume per capita
had diminished there would be force
aud reason in its denunciation. It
would have been infamous and disrep
utable iu this government to have per
petrated such an outrage on the debtor
as to change the value of the debt to
his disadvantage. The government
did not do it. Put the Fitnurr wants
the government to perpetrate precisely
this injustice on the creditor. It in
sists upon an enormous increase of the
volume of money on the most worth
less basis possible, in order to make
the debt far less valuable than when
contracted. This is what Daniel Web
ster, whom the Xniioiial Fcimoin i.- t
loves to quote, characterized as "pre
cisely bo much property taken from
one mati and given to another by leg
islative enactment." Topcka (Kan.)
Cajiitn I.
Put the contract was- changed. Anil
it was done deliberately, with full
knowledge of the dreadful consequence
to follow. The trensury officers, from
the beginning opposed the permanent
use of the government paper money,
and as soon as the vur ended, the
"currency" was called in as fast as
possible to the extent of 800,000,000
in round numbers, by the end of 180!t.
The subject was discussed in congress,
committees reported upon it, and many
oblo speeches wen1 delivered during
the pendency of bills proposing to
substitute gold for paper in the pay
ment of debts contracted when paper
was the only money in use among the
people and the only money in contem
plation of parties to the contract. Sen
ator Jiherman, as chairman of the sen
ate committee on finance, reporting a
bill in relation to the currency and the
public debt, December 17, 18U7, among
other things, said :
"The action of congress upon these
subjects (currency of different values)
affects the value of all property in the
United States; the reward of labor;
the income of the rich ; the wages of
tho joor; the pension of the widow;
the enterprise, and thus touches the
home ami heart of every person in the
United States."
Speaking on the same subject ("see
4'on'jrrs-nioiial (Holie, Jan. '27, 18(5'J,
page 20, Senator Sherman said:
'Practically, any law requiring a
resumption of specie payments, is a
law adding to the amount of a cur
rency debt the full depreciation of the
currency, unless you either scale the
debt or allow the parties to adjust the
matter between themselves.
All contracts to pay money are con
tracts for tlie delivery of gold, and the
contract to pay an indefinite amount of
gold, depending upon the uncertain
depreciation of the currency at the
time of payment.
Put the distress caused by an appreci
ation of the currency falls mainly upon
the debtor class; others suffer only by
reason of their inabilit y to pay. What
does specie payments mean to a debtor?
It means the -payment of $135 where
he has agreed to pay $100, or, which is
the same thing, the payment of. $100
where he- agreed to pay $74. Where
he hajfpurchased property and paid
onedlpurth of it, it means the loss of
the property'; it means the addition of
one-fourth to all currency debts in the
United States. A measure to require
a debtor now to pay his debt in gold,
requires, him to pay 135 bushels of
.wheat when he agreed to pay 100, and
if this appreciation is extended through
a period of three years it requires him
to pay an-interest of 12 per cent, in
addition to the rate- hfe has agreed to
pay."- ;- :
That was in January, 1869. Two
months later the act to strengthen the
public credit was passed, making all
currency contracts gold contracts, and
the next year the funding was passed,
putting all our currency obligations
into gold bonds. It the Capital editor
would enjoy reading- more matter like
that above quoted from Senator Sher
man he can find a great d jal of it by
referring to the debate of con great
about that time. And Senator In
galls' speech, February 17, 1878, ii
good reading in the same line; alsc
that of Senator Plumb, delivered onh
two years ago, and still another lasi
Juno. Kansas Fanner.
Our Wheat Market.
Selling wheat for future delivcrj at
has been done during the few weeki
that have passed is a new feature foi
the farmers, says the Oregon Allianct
lfcrnl'l. It is a question that is hare
to rightly understand, when wheat
speculators come into the world's mar
kets, as has been done this season, and
engage wheat in such quantities then
is an object in view, and that object
may bo for the purpose of supplying
present demands, thereby keeping
prices down until the bulk of tht
wheat has passed out of the producer'i
hands.
There is no reason why wheat should
be cheaper now than two mouths ago.
Strange, but this occurs every year at
harvest time. The wheat speculators
have complete con' rid of the telegraph
communications and regulate prices tc
unit themselves; supply and demand
cuts no figure in the case. It is authen
tically reported tin t one-third of th
people of Europe live on, at most, hall
bread rations, there being a bread and
money famine with them. It is the
monopolistic, kings that constitute the
conspiracy that runs the price up and
down. They so manage when the pro
ducts are in. the Lands of the farmers
to run the price down, anil when in
the hands of moneyed robbers, thev
run the price up. as was reported
through the press of the Pacific coasl
that one firm hail cleared SjOO.OOO and
another $100,000 out of wheat specula
tion during IStlO.
During the fall of that year specu
lators and railroads combined tocreatt
a blockade, which was accomplished,
and that for the purpose of riddling
the producers of this country out ol
their hard earnings. Did those editorf
who suck the monopolistic teat tell the
farmers how the thing was being done:
No, they were not built that way. Pul
whea the farmers combined to try and
keep from being robbed, those one
sided quill drivers raise the cry "un
constitutional! unconstitutional! un
constitutional!" "The conspirators
what a monopoly the farmers are!'
The same game is being played this
fall.
The speculators will make the
money; the farmers continue to do the
work. If the tillers and toilers con
tinue to let the few have charge of the
money supply, car supply, telegraph
and intelligence supply, they need not
look for a change in prices for then
benefit. Their onlv hope is to oomt
forward and demand their just deserts
by putting men into the legislative
halls that will legislate for the manv
instead of the few.
internat ioual Capitalism.
In spite of the crop failure in 1800
the foreign commerce of the United
States during the fiscal year just ended
exceeded the amount recorded in anv
previous venr, savs The Vopc. Hv
starving the labor which under the
most unfavorable conditions produced
an ample supply of necessaries and
luxuries, onr plutocrats managed tc
ship abroad a surplus valued at $884,
000,000, in exchange for which they
bought from foreign plutocrats the
similar surplus of other countries to
the amount of 8 15.000.000, leaving an
apparent balance of SsH'.l.OOO.OOOin theii
favor. We say "apparent," for it was
not real. Tho fact is that if the freights
earned by foreign vessels on our im
ports and exports, the expenditures ol
our wealthv absentees and excursion
ists on the European continent, the
interest and dividends on the invest
ments of foreign capitalists in America,
and various otiier items are taken into
account, we find that this country last
vear must have contracted debtsabroad
to the amount of at least $200,000,000;
or, ttj be more correct, American prop
erty to that extent, consisting chiefly
iu stocks, ionds. real estate and indus
tries, was transferred to foreign hold'
ers. Such is, then, the wholo results
of a whole year's indefatigable labor
applied to the natural wealth of this
continent. To the uninitiated this
mechanism of international. exchange,
through which the labor of one country
is made to sustain the idlers of another
besides sustaining its own, may seem
incomprehensible. Put nothing is
simpler when understood, and the full
understanding of it will repavthc time
anil trouble given to its study. Co!Jax
(II ash.) tuinimmer.
His Honest Convictions.
John Sherman, who has gone to
Ohio to "build a barn," before he went
over to the gold-bugs and joined the
conspiracy to rob the people of their
hard-earned wealth, used the following
words in a speech in the senate.
"If the contraction policy advocated
by the gentleman becomes a law, the
privileged classes only will be bene
fited by it. The capitalist out of debt,
a salaried officer or an annuitant, but
to all other classes it will prove a pe
riod of loss, danger, lassitude of trade,
fall of wages, suspension of enterprise,
bankruptcy and disaster. To attempt
this (contraction policy) is to imposo
upon tho people by arresting them in
the midst of their lawful business and
applying a new standard of value to
their properly aud would be an act of
folly without a parallel of evil in mod
ern times."
A few months since the secretary of
the treasury went into market and
purchased millions of dollars of bonds
at a high premium to save "short"
Wall street gamblers from the legiti
mate results of their speculations, and
it seems to be generallv admitted that
that $50,800,200 of 4 per cent, due
September 1 will, at the request of
bankers now holding the notes as a
basis of circulation, be extended in
definetely at a rate of '2i or '2 per cent.,
notwithstanding the demand of every
industrial organization in the United
States that the national debt be paid
off as speedily as possible. Can any
one doubt that Wall street dictates the
financial policy oi this country ? low a
Tribune.
- . Turn on the Itoso.
The government can guarantee loans
for railroad corporations and pay the
interest beside; it can loan its credit
to national banks and furnish them
money without, interest; it can take
the liquid damnation of the distiller,
issue deposit cheeks for what his trust
says it is worth, and give him time on
his taxes; bnt to issue warehouse cer
tificates on the farmer's corn or cotton
would be unconstitutional. Western
Advocate.
Persons with divining rods are search
ing for ancient Spanish gold, supposed
to be buried i.i the banks of the Ohio,
near New '-l;a;iy.
FLYING FROM JUSTICE.
, IC. 3f nsrave l-ViiHtrateti ill His I'lan to
. Set-nre !!ji.'tO,000 Insurance.
Tiio Musjravo mystery at. Terre
Ilato, Ind . has been solved. The man
who would have the world hello. e him
lea i is alive and well in Chicago.
I harles M. Trou.. the youtitr real r-tate
ilea er who was strong y suspected of
coiup icity In tlie eonsjiii a -, cot: fessed
ai at tin: Coroners intiuest and wa
placed under arte.-t for arson, perjury.
and conspiracy to defraud.
l iederlck 1-. Markle, h other-inia w
to the fugitive real estate dealer, set the
ball rolling, lie is a citizen of repute.
and he had too much on h's mind about
this case. It troub'oi him, ami when
he wa- called before tl.e Coroner he
made up his mind to tei a 1 he knew.
Alter he had told his sf-ry the police
took Trout into custody. When he
learne i that Mark e had exposed the
cons; iracy lie wcakeiico, and then lie
also went before the (or itier. In a
room closei t i all sive the police o."-
cia s l rout was lor t wo hours the most
upreme objei t of interest lie wits
de. ected to a nimble deirn-e and he w;iS
iu an intense state of nervous as tat'on."
The story of the desperate attempt to
swindle the in urance companies bv this
fiiRitive former with NWioo on his life is
sensational iu the extreme .Musjjra ve,
a"cordinti to both witnesses, is now hid
ing in ( hicaso und -r the alias of T tl.
Thornton. .Mark.e cave the fugitive's
whereabouts ;i ,3i.'i Iterke'e .- avenue
md Trout gives ii as "4.'ic st i av.rence
ivenue. .lust how this liiscre; ancy o
curs is not apparent. ,lai l;,o is married
l .Vu grave s sister and the latter was
tir aiiy agitated, believing her broili r
had re.-il.y met a terrible f;.t '. A few
days after the loa cabin fi-e i rout con
fided to Markle that Musgrave was
really alive, ami that it w.s just a
scheme of his tint he was working
As Musyrave had hot rowed ' l!0 i from
Mai kle. wh'eh t he lat er n -eded badly,
he pot Mnsgrave s address from 'Ir.-ut,
and f;oin 1 1 Chicago saw him near ti e
Oakland Hotel, at Drevel and Oak wood
loulevurds Mu?grave was tie. illy sur
prised to sc.: h in. Markle wan cd to
kt.ow what object : e la! iu a-'in: in
this manner, in l.eeomin r a fu itlo on
the face o. the earth o .ee more, as i,"
one exp'-rien: e was not omei.h for him.
aid Musarave ans.veied that he wanted
the insurance
Markle to d him he coii'd not hop" to
escape, as detectives wer-' everywhere
on his track, and the fugitive said if h !
only had S"o : he oul t make his way in
safety to l-liiglaiid Mu.-grave aid him
Slo on account. Ho did h t seem to ha .e
much im ney, and his appearance was
changed, according to Markle, so that
he could scarcely be recognized,
although he was not iu any manner d s
guise.i. V. usgrave wanted to set? him again
next morning, but Markle did not to
back Musgravc told him in the con
versation that the remains found In the
cabin were those of a skeleton he had
houtht August l:.' at St. Louis. He paid
$10.) fur the skeleton. It was shipped
August H to t hicago in the name of T.
It. iturnham.
Trout's story, giving the way in which
the (.hastly scheme na worked, was de
cidedly thrilling. Mus.'rave lone ived
the idea of Insu ing his life heavily and
then disapi earing, and he elici ted $30.-
000 insurance on his life -MO.t.O t in tho
I'nlted S'ates Mutual Accident, 5,Kifi in
tin: -1-itna. and I",ooo in two 1 ther com
panies. He made ?2, 000 j ayable to hi
mother, Mrs. ar.-.h Musarave, .",ooo
to his unmarried sister Anna, and Si
"too to Miss Catherine McLaughlin, of
Minneapolis, Minn., to whom he was en
gaged to lie married.
He and 'I rout had a conference at
Chicago Aug. 0, and two weeks later
they met at Hillsdale. The Friday
night before the fire Musgrave and
Trout returned to Terre Haute from
Hillsdale, the former carrying the box
containing the skeleton, a box about a
foot square and two feet long, across the
prairie to the cabin. Musgrave took up
his nbode In this lonely hut early Satur
day morning It was asreed as t art of
tlie scheme that Trout should work some
prominent Knights of Tythias friends of
Musgrave to visit him at the cabin so as
to establish loncluivelv that he was
there. Th's Trout successfully aceom
nllshed.
Sunday ircht Musgrave and Trout
took the skeleton out of tl.e box to ar
range it for the cremation I rout savs
that when Musgrave saw it he shivered
and could no' do anything', t-o Trout
said: "This thing has gone too far to
go back now," and ho arranged the
skeleton himself in the straw on the
bunk and placed the Knights of Tythias
emblem bearing Mugrave's name and
addn ss m ar it
Then Musgrave firei the cabin. It
was really his tracks that the farmers
trace i to tins cornfield. Musgrave
waited until he saw that the fire had a
good start, and then he cut acro-s the
prairie and caught the north-hound
train for Chicago. Tro-.-.t had started
for Terre Haute before th- hut was fired.
All that was left to burn besides the
skeleton was Musgrave s valise, specta
cles and Knights of Pythias badge. It
was going to leave his shoes, hut Trout
ublected. saving that it would create
suspicions to buy a new pair at Tecum
seh or Terre Haute. -
Trout says the mistake that was made
was iu not leaving his Miocs and the
buttons of his pants. J he skeleton was
ie,e such as is used In museums, s rung
together by catgut. Trout is the most
dejected mortal on earth, and he takes
his arrest verv keenly.
betective Schumacher, of Clrcago.
thinks the letter from Musgrave s sister
to Trout e.-eral days after the tire
which was intercepted by the po ire and
published, In which she asked about in
terest on money in Hudnut's bank, was
a cipher messa e. There was 1.0 money
in that bank or any other.
Immediately after Trnut's confession
Chicago officers were not'fied. At 435:
LVrkelcv avenue lives a Mrs. Mary .1
Jones, a widow, with her two daughters
and son. They do not know Thornton
or Musgrave, or anyone answering to
his description. There is no such num
ber as T4.li St. Lawrence street. The
nearest approach to it in fact, the nly
house on that side of the street for three
blocks is 7414. and the gentleman who
lives there says he never heard of Mus
grave. The addresses given by Markle
and Trout aro probably fictitious.
Of VagHtiiK Intcr
I- proportion to its size Colorado
Springs is probably the richest town in
the tinted Statc-s. One single street
contains the residences of twenty-one
millionaires.
At the Iebanon. 1'a., railroad station
a man who had dropped a nickel in tlie
s!ol was holding his hand for a cake of
chocolate, but instead a live mouse was
deposited in his palms.
Each minute, night and day, by the
official reports, the I'nited States collects
Si'i'. and spends S4G1. Tlie interest on the
public debt was $!h; a. minute last year,
or just exactly e.jual to the amount of
silver mined in that time.
Xf.iv Yohk. according to the best
judge, now has a Hebrew population of
225,000 to 250,000 souls. It is the center
of Judaism in the world. It contains
more of tlie Israelites than all of rales
tine. Qvekx VicTout a's favorite dogs, about
forty in number, ar-5 beins photi graph
ed at the royal kennel, near W.ndsor
Castle. The animals consist of Pome
ranians, collies fox-terriers aud dachs
huuds. .
CURRENT COMMENT.
The World's Fair Abroad.
The Fair will be worthy of tho whole
American people, tiihraltar Chronicle.
It 's likely to prove the greatest show
on earth. Weymouth, fr.ng.) southern
Times.
Our industries must be splendidly rep
resented at the gn at Kxposition. l'aris,
France, La l.ibertc.
Our American const s are nowhere un
less they do things 0:1 a magnificent
scale. Manawaut, India. Herald
Lor llie Kxposition in Chicago, the
olicla's are agitating in truly American
style Kiga, lluss'a. Ihina eitnng.
F.uropean visitor will find the Kxposi
tion. like the city itself, destined t be
a marvel. l'aris (France) Figaro
hicago lias abundance of accommo
dation for all the visitors to ihe World's
Fa r. Xeweas: le t Kngland C hroniele.
To such as s ek fo.- information.
the Fnited States Consul will gladly for
ward their na:uo$. Melbourne (Aus
tralia! Argus.
There are signs on every side that by
!"'.: t hicago will be well prepared for
the enormous influx of- visitors. lon-
don Daily News
iher.; is every pro-pect that the
World's Kxpostion in Chicago will be
the biggest ever held l.eval, Uussia,
Ki va'sche eitung.
A most complete participation of tier
man industry in the hicago Kxposition
is imperative. Wurhurg (Clermanyi
Xeue Wnrzliurger .eitung.
The World's lVIumbia-1 Exposition
promises to he the greatest and most
irnMrtant of all such events bareelios
(Portugal 1 Foiha da Manha.
The World's Coluinbia'i Kxposition
will olfer to the foreign visitor a colleo
tio'i of marvels without precedent
Co stantiiiople Levant Herald
The participation of Axerica, En
gland, France ani Ciertnany practically
guarant 'es the success of the E. posi
tion. Stockholm (Sweden) Aftonbladet.
The preparations for a proper repre
sentation of Oermany at the World's
K.xpo-ition ca n.ot be begun to early.
Iterlin (CJermauyl Nord Deutseb Al ge
tne'ne Zeituug.
No other civ in the republic possesses
such possibilities of carrying out to a
successful end so enormous an enter
prise as Chicago Havana (Cuba! Hole
tin oniercial.
The Kxhihiti m will provide a mart
wherein he who has anyth ng destined
forth-' use of man can show it to the
world at once. OeorgetowH (Femerara.
Hritish Oulauai Pally Chronicle.
The elaborate preparations which aro
being made for the World's Fair, to be
held at C hicago in give promise of
that Kxposition being equal to any which
the world has yet seen Dundee (Scot
Ian 1 Courier.
W hile the government, remains faith
ful to its dciared intention of not
officially puricipating in any worhl's ex
position, yet it announces its intention,
so far as may be possible, of assisting
exhibitors. Milan, Italy, Corriero de la
S' rra.
The World's Columbian Kxposition will
be a cosmopolitan university in wh t h
each nation will be a wiling pupil, and
in which every article exhibited will be
an object lesson for the benefit of all
mankind. l a Fstrella de Panama.
Balmadfda's Downfall.
The ChiHan war is oxer. Xow for a
new administration and a new war.
Minneapolis Tribune.
In the civil war, as in tin? conflicts
with her 'neighbors, the hillan soldier
has shown himself tire best fighter in
South America. Pittsburg Commercial
tia.ette. This is, in a sense, a triumph of tho
people over tho dictatorial powers as
siin.ed by the Pres dent. How far it ts
a triumph of the peop e yet remains to
be seen. Philadelphia Telegraph.
Chi i is r -deemed, and by th - prowess
of her own people, and she is at once to
assume her rightful place as the most
p:otnfs'n!r of all the South oreven Spanish-American
republics Memphis Com
mercial. 'i he fall of Italma -i da uts an end to
the Chilian insurre tion, but this only
gives the c hiliaus a chance to show that
they have outgrown Government by pro
nuueiamento tempered by assassination-
St. I ouis Post Dispatch.
If the t ongressionai party now takes
a sensible course and gives the coun
try a liberal and progressive government
the verdict of the future historian will
rank them with the popula- benefactors
of the world. Milwaukee Journal.
The hope of the civili'.ed word is that
peace will now come soo:i to a cou-itry
whose people are too brave to slaughter
each other, and whoso position among
the nations lias been to 1 praiseworthy
to be sacrificed bv civil feud. Plica
Hera'd.
The time has come to recognle tlio
congressional party Those who of late
were tebels are now iu control. The
recognition by Franco of Am-rican in
dependence after the battle of Saratoga
furnishes a fairly pool 1 recedent
Ibiffalo News.
Palmaceda was a brute, a dictator, a
desjierate trickster, and ruled like a des
pot lie p'ayert a desperate game, but
failed to take the trii k. The common
people of t liili are again in power. All
lovers of good government will reloiie
at Ilalniaccda's overthrow. ltlooming
ton Leader.
The defeat of P.almaceda is a victory
for popular rights and a defeat for on -manpower.
The victors will no doubt
organize the government again on the
principles for vh:ch they too' up arms,
and it will not be longb fore tram.uil ty
and prosperity will settle upon the peo
ple Milwaukee News.
The "insurrectionists," as they have
been called, were not only the repre
sentatives of the people but the part v of
constitutional government Halmaceda
was merely a usurper who violated all
forms of law ani trampled down all co.i
stitut'ona' restraints upon his arbitrary
power Nashville American.
Naturally the new government will
feel a little awry toward t e Fnited
States because of the I tat a incilent, but
in tho cool ictlection following the hlo dy
scene of war, even those who have all
along been called insurgents must ap
prove tiie course th.; Fnited Stat -s has
pursued In niaintain'ng a strict neutral
ity. Cinci inati Times-Star.
The Concessional party has been
looked upon as a rebellion, but now that
It has defeated the other side it will bo
recognized as the real government It
was ti the Congre-sional 1 arty that the
gunboat Itata belonged which our Go -ernment
sei.ed. and tlifs may after all
prove to be a bone of contention which
will require careful adjustment. Hus
ton Itccord.
Tho triumph of the Congressional
party is tho success of representative
government against absolutism, and
every American ought to re.'oicc in it.
The result is most fortunate for Chili,
for however corrupt a Congress m iy be
it still retains the theory of representa
tion based on the will of the people. m
while the dictatorship can on. y exi t by
the suppression of the will of the people.
St Louis Republic.
From the beginning ths sympathy of
the world has been with the Consres
s onal party or revolutionists. They
have repre entod constitutional govern
ment, while President Halmaeocla has
stioi for dej otism ani one-man power
in its most extreme and offensive form.
The overthrow of that autocrat will
make the role of tyrant and dictator a
little less attractive to ambitious men in
the South American republics. St.
Lou's Globe-Democrat.