The farmers' union., November 05, 1891, Image 1

About The farmers' union. (Memphis, Mo.) 1891-1895

Image provided by: State Historical Society of Missouri; Columbia, MO

                
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NWN
VOLUME I.
MEMrillS, MISSOURI, THURSDAY NOVEMBER f, 1891.
NUMBER 10.
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iiAWTs of r,or WHITE.
PECULlApiTlES OF AMERICA'S
FAVORITE CAME BIRD.
lie Hears luit Slight l;t-s-iiii:;ilife to Ills
European Name-uke Migratory in His
lliiltits. but I'ailhlul II tilui:l ami a
li-viitcil lather.
A Trial to Wins Shot.
Little "Fob White'' is t n of the fa
vorites of American iran.c birds. He is
known to ').-rlsiii'ii 1 i ton Maine to Flor
ida, and from the Atlant r foihe Pacilic.
although different !o nlitii-s giv liim dif
ferent i an es North ami Kat lie is
familiar a '-tinai!." while Wot and
South he Is railed ' ar ridge " Coin
pa red with thebirosuf the s.iin- naue in
Europe ho is neither, and for this reason
many prefer to rail him as he a'ls him
self -Fob White." The Furo; can t;uaii
is smaller a:.d n ore dumpy, v i h fat,
dark n. eat It does not form in fi ve . s,
the pluntag' is dull, and h is a t;ii:irre'
somc, st lnsh ft ! ow, entire!. di.';e;ent
from the affecti. nato.""a'a;it American
bird. The European 1 artr dsie is double
'Hnb White V weight, but
batter's swift and lrctpcctitiv
tinu d fight. The I! sh i-."
white, and the win;s are of t
acks the
long con
however, e Ameri-
can sha j e.
"1 oh White" is to Mime ex'cnt migra
tory in his habit-. In the fa I he has a
Tunning i-a-dn." durit.s whXi he will
not take wing, but run with ncrcdih'o
speed before an i netny. In weight, be
tween six and seven t.uieesis a good
average, a'ihourii eon -idcrai le depends
o:i the feedi: r ground, t e condit'ou of
the weather, a-d the. bit- .". aire. V ith
even thins fa o a! e for tiesh, bags have
been ri ad averaging ei ht unei s. but
this is an eeej lion rathtr than a ru'e.
Unlike the grouse and the F.uropea'i
quail, the lttt:o ...it.encan is a
ln.shar.d an 1 devoted fa:her.
faithful
To tiud
Mieuld
mm in .Mornum iraetiet
is rare.
he. however, tlbcover hat his gallant
beating and spruce attire l.axe made
him (loubly 1 eiuve.1, he will show im
part iai devotion to two spouses From
a ft in e rail, with l-.is two wives on their
nests not two feet apart, he will gladden
toth their litt'e hearts with his love
song. 15 lit he is naturally a monoga
gamist. lleM-h cts his mate and makes
his courtship in the spring, oon after
the snow and frost have cone, when the
willow
turned yellow, wh !e
'IHtH WHITK.
frogs ate piping in the marsh, and the
AVils in sirpt; is drutnininir a!o.; tht!
meadows If the wint.yst rm sheu'tl
come back, the males wi 1 reassemble in
a covey anil keep each other warm o"
nights and hii id e on th ; sunny slopes
(iurinz the day.
fn th: month of May they build their
s tuple nest, formed of a slight depres
; ion in the ground lin tl with dried i
leaves ami soft tr.is-os This nest may
b. fcund under a tussock of grass, bo
le ath a small bush, in the br er-grown i
corner of a worm fence, at the foot of
an o'tl stump, alongside a log, or often
in tic open tie ds of wheat or clover.
1 h" nest is o'i crimes closed above with
stubble mincietl with the gra-s tu-sock
or br er; and provided with a si b- entrant)-:
but the nest is as o't 'ii found
oj en above as clo.-ed.
In this ne-tthe hen-bird lays from out;
do; en to two do. en trj-j. t,f a pure, bril
liant white. When tin; hen is laying
and during her t lie- of nesting the cock
is the happiest of husbands Filled
with joy ami pride, he si's on the low
bough of a I e ghboriug tree, or erche
on ti e fence-rail iuite neat- hi-j spou-e.
whom he never wta iesof telling that
be is "l!ob White -your j!ot White," in
such a gay. 'oily voice, that e ery one
within hearing distance can but give it,
attention.
In three or four weeks the thicks
leave the egis. Their feed is see 1 ami
insects, large quantiCcs of the latter
that w.mld otherwise work iniury to tin
farmer being caught At th- age of
two weeks tin- v ung 1 eyin to Jly, hut
the Mutter is feeb e hy the side of the
old birds. Wh'ti too laiire to longer
gather under the mother's protecting
wintrs the llock will take (light at night
from the clay's fee. in'i ground, and,
dropping at some distance under a bush,
will huddle up together in a circle with
heads out In tiiis way n foe can ap
proach w it lout instant detection. If
the ne .t day is wet and co il they will
remain nestled together, or not go to
feed til; afternoon. Hut when bright
FAT AS BI TTKR."
nnd pleasant they are away to the feed
ing ground at sum-be, remaining there
till about 11 o'e'oek. Then a rest is
taken till the middle of tl e afternoon,
when they forage again till sundown.
It often happens when shoo ing in the
fa'l that a covey w ill lie "sprung" with
some of tie h nts too siraii to bag. Tics
in because there have bo n two iicUiik-
at iu;e kk of iiav.
s have
The eggs and tin- jouncr are often de
stroyed by the wet and cod of the early
summer, or by beasts a'ul b'rds of prey.
In sueli i a e the lien again goe-i to 'av
'i, ant! the se.onl br od is retarded iy
the time lost between the lir t and : ee
oi.d liestng!'. When blid; of two sizes
are found in th san covey, it seems to
show that the parents hae raised two
broods: ; nd th s happens ofteiier In the
South than in the North the summer
of th Middle and Northern States b -in,'
generally too short for the lasing
of two broods. Audubon states that
. .V. Jja
u nopFAx i:i:ii-i.vt: ;c.i paktimhok
"hi Texas, the Floridas. and as far east
ward as ti e neiuhhoi lu.o 1 of Charleston,
in South Carolina, it breeds twice in the
year, lirst in Mav and again in Septem
ber "
The afert'on which exists 1 etween
the whole covey of father, mother, and
chicks is often noticed by sort men,
and when tie nin ha- thinned the
nunib vs the ftchng is clued in a
real y touching manner. 'Frank For
re. ter" w rites of it as follows
"Unlike the young broods of 1 he wood
cock, which . ire mute, sue the twitter
with w h t h they rise, the bevies of (iiail
appt ar to be attai lied to t ach other by
! tender affection. If dispersed by acci i
: dental raiis-s, either in the pursuit of -
their food or from being t'ushetl by some
i aual iutiiider. so soon as their lirst. '.
alarm has passed over they begin calling
lo i at h other with a smal!, pia ntiif :
note, 'iiilte different from the amorous i
; whi-tie of the male bird end from their
ni" try, day-breaking cheeping, and each ;
one runniiis toward the sound ami re
: peating it at intervals, they soon collect
themselves into one little family
I "Ir, however, tin; ruthless sportsman !
has been among them with his we 1- !
I trained setter anil unerring (run. so that ;
1 death has sorely thinned their numl ers.
they will protract, their littl call for;
; their lost comrades, even to nightfall:
j ami in sm b eases I know not if it I e
i fau- y on my j art there ha-often -eem-j
ed to me to to an uuus .al e'egn-e of
j melanelio'y in their wailing whistle."
I Fob White tries th whig-shot as sore- !
' ly as the trout th angler. As w ith the
! trout, something must he known of las :
! habits and peculiarities if he is to be
landed. Jn fair weatln r start early, for :
I the birds will be feedin.' at sunris . If
i there are any fields of b- ckwh at, rang.
j about them, for this is a takini; tlih
I J!y 11 o'clot-k they w ill leave tin- li Id for
j vome covert near wat r, where they will ;
j dress and smooth th-ir f athers. Th y !
j will remain h- r several hours unless;
; started up. If the weather is very dry i
i do not seek the birds on the uplands, for j
I Fob Whit; likes the vicinity of water.;
j Aft r a rainy spell, go to the upland ,
stubb e lields a-id work tin- dogs along i
j the I order of the Cri st and sunniest of
the coverts. J
I If it is windv an 1 coltl, th- birds will j
i be found in ciivi i t along the sunny le i
AJ.'eoitr I
! slo- es of the valt ys, in the tall ra
i wi; d ami briers of the ho'lows and on j
tin- sunny her b rs of the w, oils and
; lieilgerows. i licy w.Ii lot now lie w !
i to th tlog. and when flushed will go lik
! bull t-intoth' deepest thicket I
j A lo the best '.vi:y to slio.-i a bird on '
i the wing opinions differ. Some hold j
) that "suaii-shootiug" is the only way to I
I shoo' successfully. "Snap-shooting" is!
j generally understood to consist in put- j
' ting the gun to the shoulder ami firing j
' the institit it is in posit on: making Ihe j
.allowance to the light, left, under, or j
I above, asth' i.1i! may repine, before I
! raising the gun; just a- jou point your!
i finger, instineth oiy. to any ob.eet, with- j
; out having to sight along it. thers are
I Just as ure that no one ever shot decent
ly unless lie fo lowed the bird with the
sight on th.; gun and eovere I it before
tiring. Some again, insist, that the gun
must swing along wiib t he t oirse of the
b rd after pulling the trigger. In the
op nion of an authority, every one who
has shot very much acquires a style pe
culiar to himself, ami cannot do better
than depend on his temperam -nt ami
th ! kind of birds he has had the most
practice on. !
lit! also says the most tliflicult shot is
a bird coming directly t iwartl you ami i
flying about twenty feet above the j
ground. "I have been quite successful !
in thts shot," he goes on, "by holding I
directly at the bird untl he is within j
range, and then, .'list as 1 touch the
trigger. I raise the n.u'.'c of the gun I
about s x incut's. I woti'd only advise j
trying this shot wher.; there is more
than one bird, and yon want to use the j
........I l.r-i.,.' !..... ,i :. t :
, null K,I u: . i lirii 11.1 I OmtlUe.!
j incoming bird, wa t until he passes o cr ,
you, and then by shooting under Uim,
t At.'COltr l Vll.l.KV t,'l All..
more or less, ae ording to the speed and
e ovation at which he is llylnjf, you w ill
be pretty sure to kill.
"In cross shots, at thirty yards and
over, hold above the line of flight and
from six to nine feet ahead of the bird
This may seem entirely too much, but I
have frequently shot J!ob White when
flying parallel to a rail-fence by aiming
tin; full length of the rail ah. ad "of him."
Her Hut-Rain.
Tito following true story is told in
t lie "Journal of Emily Shore." It il
lustrates the truth that if on;! really
desires an article, the most sensible
way is to purchase it as soon as an
opportunity occurs.
A little girl near us was one day
playintf liefore the hoiuo, when a
woman appeared and beeped u few
pence. She had a baby in her arms,
and tin child was so delighted with
the little tiling that she asked the
woman if she would sell it to her.
"What will you jive for it, miss?"
was the counter tiestion.
"Half a crown."
"Very well." said t ho woman. "Let's
sec the money."
It was produced, and the sale made.
The little yirl took the baby, carried
it upstairs and laid it on her bed. and
after she had fondled it "enoucjh for
once." scampered downstairs, callini;
to her mot her:
"Mamma, mamma: I've (;ot a live
doll! I always wanted one, and now
I've pd it."
The baby was found, and the story
frankly told, hut though the hepar
woman was sought all over the town,
no trace of her could be discovered.
Meanwhile t he baby's little "owner"
hopred so hard that, it should 1c kept
that the parents yielded, and the liv
iuif doil became a household blcssinp
llt't-rt-ast" of the l'rem-h I'opiilation.
The relative decrease of the French
ipulation by the declining birth
rate troubles France very much, but
there seems to be no help for it. The
balance of power in Kurnpe has been
shifted even more conclusively by the
birth rate than on the battle-tleld. A
hundred years ago there were three
Frenchmen to every Prussian. To
day there tire only four Frenchmen to
every three Prussians. For every
Frenchman born last year there were
live Prussians. For every l.onO in
habitants there are .''.! births in t!er
many. .'!' in England, and only 2."i in
France. The population of France
by the new census is .'Kti'.Ct.doii: that
of the German Kmpire. 4,.i.422.ii2..
J Miring the last five years France, lias
increased by Jns.iaio, Germany by
2,.")ti7.22-l. In the preceding" five
years the increase was .Vi.".oo and
l.i;i.(i4:!. respectively. Kven now
the increase in France is larpdy due
to foreigen residents. Whatever may
be the fortune of Jinnies. Germany is
heating France in the cradle. Uos
ton Advert iser.
Wliat Slie Was to .11 in.
At the county fair a young lady
and her beau were promenading about
the grounds, says the Mount Gunnel
(111.) Ib'gister. the young lady carry
ing the buggy whip in one hand, dec
orated in ;t most noticeable manner
by a ivid green bow. They present
ed a verdant appearance, and if was
rather difficult to decide which how
was the greener, the one on the whip
or the one walking by the young
lady's side earn ing the red shawl. A
shower coining on suddenly, found
the young people without a conven
ient shelter. A good old lady called to
the girl to "luit ry in out of the rain if
s'le didn't want to get soaked." t
which the dear young thing was
heard to reply, looking lovingly all
the while at, t he "green bow" at her
side, and not the one on the whip.
"This little bit of rain can't hurt me.
I ain't no sugar nor salt, hut I'm
somebody's honey: ain't I. Jim'r If
Jim didn't say yes his looks showed
that he thought it.
Tilt? fit" Crop.
I it t he 1' tii ted States 1 here are cater
everyday. iMIfiiUiOn pies. Kach week.
lil.ToO.nuo. Kach ye;u xili.tMMi.ooo.
at a total cost of $ti4.(Hin.nuu an
;:m Hint greater than the internal rev
enue, and more than enough to pay
the interest on the national debt. If
the pies ealen every day were heaped
one on top of another, they would
make a tower thirty-seven mileshigh.
If laid out in aline, they would reach
from New York to lioston. With
the yarly pie product of the T'nited
States, a tower 13. -MS miles high
could he erected, and stretched in a
ill" thev would girdle the earth three
times. These pies of a year would
weigh M i3.t i hi tons. And if. as has
been so often stated, ligiires don't lie.
then certainly pi' is a great institu
tion. New York Press.
Slf'ti-Ilotetf..
A New Hampshire lawyer, with
evident appreciat ion of his little step
daughter's wit. tells two stories about
her.'
Shortly before his marriage with
her mother, the 4-year-old said one
day. when Ihe approaching wedding
was being discussed:
"I'll be glad when Mr. G comes
here tt
live." Her mother was
used.
Why will you he glad'" she asked.
"Cause pVaps then we'll go awav
i sometimes."
j After the wedding tin-step-father
; attempted to correct the child f r
! misbehavior at the table. She re
I belled, and said with flashing eyes:
! "This isn't your house anyways."
".o. ne sata. gently, "it is our
house."
"No. it is not," she replied,
just your stop-house."
'it's
Ills Kxfrlcii'e "Was (.rncsoiitr-.
Applicant lid you advert isi
for
an engraver.
Jeweler What experience'.
Applicant I've engraved more peo
ple than any other undertaker in tin
the West End. Jewelers" Week I v.
At L.lK lira nth.
I)e Pumpkin I don'X think that
decollete and short skirted bathing
suit is in good form.
lie Pumpkin Of course not. dear
I my. The good form is in it. Brook
lyn Eagle.
One of the most prominent young
men iu Atchison, ICas., suddenly
ceased to be promising, and his
friends wondered what was the cause.
Investigation revealed the fact that
he had a girl, and that he went to
see her every other night, remaining
uji until after midnight, liciti- in
love has a great many serious drawbacks.
! 1.1
DUTIES OF THE FARMER
INCLUDE MORE THAN THE CUL
TIVATION OF LAND.
lull Text tr the Atlili ess or l'i esiilenl .1.
M. ,loeh licl'tiro the Annual Mct-tlug;
tit the Iowa I'. A. & 1. I . at lies Muines.
October 13, IK'M.
Pirethren of the Fanners' Alliance
and Industrial Union : 1 congratulate
you oh representatives of the farming
interests of Iowa, for the bountiful
season now drawing to a close. The
splendid feast now spread throughout
' this state the result of the labors of
an industrious people, a fruitful soil
and a henetieent providence - should
awaken in every breast a lively appre-
ciation of the many blessings with
! which we are surrounded and adnioii
i ish its of the many duties that devolve
upon ua as gootl citizens.
I The duties of the farmer include
j very much more than the cultivation j
! of the land and the product ion of 'crops. 1
i Upon liini more than anyone else de- !
j pends the character of public institu- j
tions and the welfare of all classes of j
! people. 'With him niuiiOy rests the j
responsibility of good or bad govern- j
ment. j
I That there has been a great awaken- j
ing among farmers during the past few
: years iu matters pertaining to their i
j rights and duties everybody knows. I
l The Farmers" Alliance is the result of !
! the dissatisfaction produced Jy au mi
j just system of distributing the benefits
j and burdens of public institutions.
There is a widespread belief among
I farmers that in our haste as a nation to
j b rich and great, in our rapid march
from a very simple to a very complex
j civilization, we have lost sight of that
splendid stone our fathers carved with
j infinite labor, and placed in the foun
i dation of our plan of government,
i etjual rights to all, special privileges
; to none. This is the block of political
I granite upon which not only the I'urm
; ers' Alliance, hut republican govern
I ment itself, must stand.
I Let us not forget that we are the
! children of a race who believed in the
' divine rigkt of kings. That we have
inherited many of the prejudices and
' superstitious of an ancestry who never
i rose to the comprehension of the splen
' did fact of the fatherhood of Hod and
the brotherhood of man, and that we
! as a people have never yet awakened
to a full appreciation of the duties and
i responsibilities of a republican govern
1 ment. The mighty itillux of foreign
! people w ho flock to our shores as to a
! house of refuge, bringing with them
the customs and traditions of caste, of
classes, of privilege, has exerted pow-
erful influences in moulding our indus
trial institutions.
Statesmen of all parties, w hile sub
scribing to the fundamental doctrines
of our government, are found advocat
ing measures and policies subversive
of them. For a score of years t hey have
been planting seeds throughout our
industrial and commercial system
utterly at variance with the doctrine
of eijual rights. To-day we are cursed
with privileged classes existing bv vir
tue of legal enactment to as great a
degree as in many of the nations of
Europe. We have, broadened the
foundation of the splendid temple our
fathers began, but we have not raised
its walls, except with a single stone,
iu 100 vears. The emancipation of the
: black man is the only achievement in
j the interest of humanity worth roeord-
! ing in this century.
Monopoly is the arch enemy of in-
1 dttstry, the political monster of modern
times, tt has come to be a constant,
1 ever-present menace to free govern-
' ment. It rears its head in every field,
it clutches at the throat of every hon
est toiler. It besets the public high -
i ways. It infests every market. It is
intrenched in court and congress alike.
Tdio htir.se leach's daughter of holy
writ was not more rapacious. As a
j political force it tTominates both the
great parties. Its tendencies are to
i ward arbitrary, despotic government.
! The homo of this monster is in the
: modern contrivances we call corpora
! tions.
The forces of nature, the natural
products of the earth, the equal gifts
of God to all the children of men are
walled up by the omnipresent corpora
tion. The goods, the rights, the bene
fits made matters of corporate owner
ship and distributed to the few while
the inaiiT are shut out from a fair par
i ticipation.
Public instrumentalities, the rail
1 road, the telegraph, the financial sys-
terns, drift enormous revenues into pri
vate coffers, while they exist under a
1 nominal condition of public control.
' The condition is an economic ab
surdity. ! No solution of the great problem of
equitable distribution can be found
i outside the public ownership of public
5 instruments, public ownership of nat
ural forces ami materials.
Partisans have raised a ghost and
named it paternal government, forget
; ting that the people are in theory and
ought to be in fact the government,
forgetting that except for the pator-
nal care of government there would
' not le a corporation on the face of the
; eaVth. Yet partisans build no ade
j qtiate defense against the combination
; that clutches labor bv the throat, that
glowers upon industry with the eye of
Polyphemus, HUeking'up her substance
to the wall of bare subsistence.
The $o0,0')0,()00,000 of wealth in our
country is the result of the genius and
industry of all the ages gone. It is a
splendid legacy to leave to posterity.
That a small minority who have con
tributed nothing toward its aee.ttimila
tion should inherit the whole of it, to
the exclusion of the great majority, is
not only a flagrant injustice upon the
face of the matter but it marks the fact
that in human affairs there are yet
whole realms in the matter- of equit
alde distribution unexplored; matters
of vast concern to those who come
after ns.
The Farmers' Alliance, as an organ
ization, is the natural residt of the
neglect of political parties to consider
economic questions from the stand
point of merit rather than of party ad
vantage. The farmers have become
weary with the long drawn quarrels
over minor matters and the barren
contests of mere place hunters.
The animosities of a contest fought
to a finish many years ago ought to
have been buried long ago, and would
have been except for the partisan who
found political capital in keeping alive
the enmities and jealousies of the sec
tions against each other.
The Alliance seeks to reunite the
people into one harmonious nation,
with equal rights for all.
It seeks to limit the power and curb
the rapacity of corporations. It seeks
to reform the industrial system to the
end that the products of industry may
fairly distributed. Its task will not
he linished till these results are
achieved. It was not born in a night
and will not perish in a day. It is a
protest against plutocratic tendencies,
against extravagant public expendi
tures, against unequal taxation, against
the spoliation of the working classes,
against the exploiter and speculator in
the products of the field, the mint! anil
the factory; against the whole class
who make a monopoly of money and
live by usury, against the private own
ership of public instrumentalities,
against the whole policy of inflated
capital and-bonded tlt-bts.
The Alliance demands a sufficient
volume of money to enable industry to
exchange her produc's on a cash basis
to the end that labor mav escape the t
bar. len of interest that now eats up her
sustenance in maintaining the credit
system.
The Alliance recognizes that the
government monopolizes the cn-a'ion
of money and insists that the fact, car
ries with it th" duty to provide a suf
ficient volume of money. The Alliance
holds that the volume of money is not
suflieient as long as average interest is
above the average profits of industry.
The per cent, of increment to na
tional wealth is the natural interest
rate. Interest could not rise above
this r?.te if industry was free to provide
her own medium trf exchange.
It is upon this principle the Alli
ance bases the demand that the gov
ernment shall exercise the power it
monopolizes in the creation of money
and perform its duty to the industries
by expanding the volume of money un
til the interest rate falls to its proper
level. This per cent, of increment to
national wealth has fallen below .3 per
cent, on an average for thirty years.
The fact that current interest has
averaged at more than double the net
profits of wealth production through
out this same period cannot be ac
counted for on any other ground than
that the financial system, from top to
bottom, from side to side, is permeated
with the poison of monopoly aided, en
couraged and defended by the govern
ment itself.
The Alliance demands that industry
shall be emancipated from the domina
tion and spoliation of the money cen
ters by enabling her to provi le her
own medium of exchange.
There art! many iinIiatioii.s in all
parts of the civilized world that a new
awakening, a new day. a new era. is
soon to dawn on the atlairs of mankind,
old customs and methods have fallen
far behind the march of progress. The
discoveries of science, the progress of
invention, the trained mind, the skilled
hand have increased the possibilities
of human effort during the past cen
tury more than the preceding 1.000
years. The distribution of the hem-tits
of civilization equitably among the
children of men has been neglected.
This is tht! great question of the fu
ture, the great task immediately be
fore us.
It includes a readjustment of the
status of all labor-saving instrumen
talities, of natural materialjand natural
forces to the end that the plutocrat,
the monopolist, the corporation may
not appropriate to themselves the
benefits of the things an all-wise Provi
dence created for the common support
of his children. No person or com
bination ought to be permitted to
monopolize either the forces or mate
rials of nature or the benefits of discov
ery or invention.
Said Kumbold as he went to the
scaffold: "I have never believed that
one part of mankind were ltorn with
saddles on their backs and another
booted anil spurred to ride them."'
Customs ami institutions inherited
from a semi barbarous ancestry, party
theories and maxims, even so-called
principles of government, may have
done good service in an age gone by ami
be utterly unsuitod to the civilization
and conditions of to-day. Many old
notions have long outlived their useful
ness. We are to-dav as a nation hold
ing fast to a notion that has been an
absurdity from the beginning. It is
this the government although pos
sessing the sole power of creating
money cannot create any for itself but
must be a borrower. This is scarcely
greater than the other, that au interest
bearing bond is a better foundation for
paper money than actual property.
The farmer ami mechanic may well
ask each other why they should be put
to the expense of maintaining a third
t laus of people digging metal counters
from the earth to enable them to en
change their products, or why they
should burdened w ith an interest eat
ing bond as a foundation for a circulat
ing medium, when they could furnish
the security for the medium of ex
change themselves at one-fourth the
expense.
The past six months has lifted the
fop: sufficiently that all may now see
where the center of the great industrial
battle is to be. Politicians may beat
the bnsh yet a little longer over an in
significant difference iu the adjust
ment of the tariff, but the real contest
cannot long be delayed. We must fix
the "status of the ruling force iu
America.
Shall it be money or manhood ? That
is the question. We must settle the
question whether our medium of ex
change shall be a great national labor
saving machine, as great as the na
tion's industries, as strong as the na
tion's arms, as sound as the nation's
heart, or whether it shall continue to
be a tool of monopoly, nominally
under public control but really eon
trolittg the people, and exacting tribute
from indtistrv bv the robber's rub; of
"what the traflic will bear."
The principle involve 1 in our sub
treasury demand is iu perfect harmony
with republican government. It is
the bow of promise to the wealth pro
ducers everywhere, for it proposes to
emancipate industry from the domina
tion and spoliation of the money lender.
Depend upon it, it is our citadel and
house of refuge, we must not snrrender
it. The best hope of our children lies in
the promise of a more equitable system
of distribution. It cannot be realized
without a revolution in flie status of
this great distributing instrument.
Industry must be empowered to create
the medium of exchange at the place
and time when needed. Each indus
trial center ought to be a money center
to the extent of its own needs. There
is no mere reason for this whole nation
being dependent on Xew York for the
use of this indispensiblo tool of com
merce, than that all the spades and
plows should belong on Manhattan
island and be let for hire to the highest
bidder.
Fortunately the sub-treasury is so
simple, just and reasonable that it
commends itself to all who examine it
with an honest purpose.
There are differences of opinion as
to details. 15nt the principle that in
dustry should furnish its products as
security for necessary money and ob
tain that money direct from the gov
ernment has not been and cannot bo
defeated.
The plan i) in no wise sectional nor
tinctured with favor to any chif s, it is
as liroad as the industries of the peo
ple. The question is, shall the money
system stand upon the property of the
people or upon the debts of t he people.
Stand upon the same eeouoriic law
underlying the labor saving machine,
and bear as lightly as pos-iible, or shall
it continue to be an instrument of
monopoly beariug as heavily a-i pos
sible?
Shall the people in harmony with
true democracy own and control the
medium of exchange, or shall i hand
ful of plutocrats at the money center
own and control it, and through it
dominate the government itself?
Brethren, in the issue now joined be
tween industry ami monopoly, let us
be vigilant and brave, looking upward
and forward. There will he a contest
soon, the most memorable in the an
nals of mankind. The contest is to de
termine whether public instrumentali
ties, the taxing, the transportation,
the money systems, shall col thine tu
be poisoned with monopoly, continue
to enfold the industries of the people
like giant anacondas, or whether thev
shall take their proper places as simple
distributing agencies side by side with
industry on the common j 1 itform of
republican institutions, the platform of
equal rights to all, special privileges
to none.
In this contest we may not hope to
succeed until the people thoroughly
understand the matter in issue ami
realize the necessity for a readjust
ment. The average citizen is a partisan.
His condition is one of profo md apa
thy on these economic questions. Too
often he is a mere tool in the hands of
purty papers and party bosses. He
must be instructed, he must be visited
iu his home. He must be awakened
to a sense of his duty. Let us make
such an earnest call to duty that the
plowman will stop in the lield, the
mechanic lay down his ha inner to
listen and learn of these masters that
cannot be neglected except at the peril
of free government itself.
Who are the enemiesof the Alliance?
Their name is legion ; their power im
mense; the party newspaper almost
without exception ; the great dailies of
the money centers. The press has come
to be for the most part a business en
terprise, run for money or political
plunder. Its influence is for sale.
It manufactures public sentiment on
contract. Thoroughly venal and mer
cenary, it would strangle tin Alliance
for the money to be had oi the pluto
crat and the corporation.
Money-loaning institutions withoni
exception are our enemies. The busi
ness exploiter and gambler, the party
leader ami chronic office holder, would
all rejoice at our fall and finally the
great mass of the jteople of all occupa
tions who refuse or neglect to think
for themselves, but drift along in the
current of party politics.
The education ami conversian of this
great class is the only hope of the Alli
ance. All the others must be met in
the open field and fought to a finish.
It is idle to waste time parleying with
the forces that emanate from the great
parties. They must be defeated at the
ballot box. They will listen to noth
ing else.
Our task is a great one, bi t it " is a
simple one. It consists in laying be
fore the people the justice of our de
mauds, the need of united, harmonious
action.
The common people are honest and
conscientious, but they are blinded by
the smoke of sham party battles and
kept in ignorance of the economic con
ditions under whit-h they live.
It is our task to preach the gospel of
the Farmers' Alliance, and it is oui
business here to-day to ascertain out
present status, to counsel together tc
devise ways and means for carrying
forward the work. Tt will require tho
earnest effort of all the brethren; it.
will require a sacrifice of both time and
money to build up our organization
until it will be such a for.-e as will
command the attention and compel the
respect of its enemies.
Our greatest task is to create a pub
lie sentiment in harmony with the trim
principles of political economy. Wo
need not expect assistance from the
great party press of the cities.
Our chief school and hope lies with
the sub-alliances. Let us plant these
in every neighborhood, push the Alli
ance press and literature into every
home. Let us renew no snlwriptiomi
to tht! party press of either party that,
misrepresents or opposes our demands.
Let monopoly support the monopoly
press. We farmers and mechanics car.
not afford to do it any longer
Let us stand firm by the colors o
the Alliance. Lot us cultivate a spirit;
of fraternity with all kin tired organiza
tions." Let us put the Alliance above
our fealty to any political party. aui
in the great contest for the emancipa
tion of industry from the domiuatior.
of monopoly : let ns rejoice in the prom
ise of battle and the hope of victory.
Mi-atltllinK on the silver IJtit'sttmi.
The Indianapolis Si nl! m l, the plu
tocratic organ of the democracy of In
diana, calls attention to the fact that,
the republican platform in Massachu
setts denounces the free ami unlimited
coinage of silver, and that the repub
lican platform in Colorado demands
the free and unlimited coinage of silver,
and demonstrates the inconsistency of
such a divided party el aiming to rep
resent national issues.
Anil the Me-too Piatt plutocratic
organ of tin: republicans of Indiana,
the Indianapolis titriaI. ci.lls atten
tion to the fact that the democratic
pla'form in Massachusetts denounces
the free and unlimited! coinage of sil
ver, and that the democratic platform
in Colorado demands the free and un
limited coinage of silver, and demon
strates the inconsistency of Mich a di
vided party claiming to represent na
tional i-sties.
And the people's party, from the At
lantic to ttie Pacific, from the lakes to
the gulf, demands the free and unlim
ited coinage of silver as a part of its
financial platform. The old parties
are divided, the absorbing east against
the producing west and soutb, on this
most, vital of all questions. They are
disorganized, and must reorganize.
I The people's party is to-day the only
national party in this country. .Non
conformist. This bit of unanswerable logic is
credited to Chairman Taubeneck, and
is respectfully referred to those good
people who expect to brinjf about a
reformation of that particular wing of
the g. o. p. to which they belong : "It
is easier for a hot: to lay a good egg
than to purify a bad one, and it is eas
ier to create a new party than it would
J lie to p irify either of the old ones."
A SEKI0US SITUATION.
INDEMNITY AND AN APOLOGY
DEMANDED.
'Twill llj a Chilly Iay for C hili If 1'iirle
stain l iMlt'i'takes ttk Trounce Her Naval
OUiceri stay That the Situation Is Itt-ally
a Serious One.
Sharp Talk to Chill.
Further persistent inquiry of the
o'litcrsof th" government in regard to
the Valparaiso incident shows conclu-
sive'y that the administration does not j
regard it as a simple street row for !
which the Chilian government can not J
lie held accotmtaO'e, but as an insult M i
the honor and f.a? of the Cnite-J States i
calling for the most vigorous diplomatic j
treatment i
'i hi; oilicia1 ror ort of the occurrence, j
made by t'apt. Schley, of the Baltimore, '
after a careful inve-tigation of all the :
surrounding circumstances, shows clear-
ly not only that the assault upon th j
American sai'ors was cowardly and un-
provoked, but that it was inspired pure
ly by hatred for the uniform they wore
and the country it represented; or. in i
other words, that it was not an attack j
on them as individuals, but as repre
sentatives of the United States
Tin: report also indicates that the
local police, instead of protecting the
Americans from the violence of the mob,
in several instances assisted in the on
slaught. This, the report says, is demonstrated
by the fact that several of the sailors
were wounded by bayonets su -h as are
usually carried by the Chilian police.
The outraze is not regarded by Presi
cent Harrison as the work of an unruly
mob. The wounds on the dead men
w, re made by bayonets, and therefore
the so dit-rs and polic; of Chili were th;
butchers. Moreover, the unanimity of
the attack shows that it was premedi
tated The assaulted men were riding
peacefully in a street car, when sudden
ly th y were knockel down, drained
from tho t ar, liot and stabbed. Then,
not daring to face the Atneri ;ans. even
though the latter were unarmed, tho
savages shot and bayoiietted them in
th" hack.
'lhei"o is but one ves e! in Chill now,
the llaltimore. but the Sa;i Francisco is
at Callao, only four days off, and unless
an immediate answer of a favorable
kind is made by the Chilian Government
to the demands of President Ilarris n
she will be ordered to sail at once for
Va paraiso. The Yorktown is now on
ln r way there and tho i oston will sail
at once from New York for th ! s :ei:e of
the trouble.
H is stated at the Navy Department
that there is a decided difference be
tween this case and that ot the MaGa
rr pedy at Xew cleans The Italians
who were killed there were residents of
this con ti try or intended to become so,
and the I'nited States caused the arres
of the leaders who participated in the
affray, and an investigation was made
of tho a'lair. but in the case of the
American sai'ors who were killod and
assaulted no action whatever has bet n
taken, as far as can be ascertained, by
the Chilian authorities toward investi
patina; the riot caused by the Chilian
sailors, and as th' attack was upon
American sailors it is considered auirect
insult to the American tlasr.
The & tion of the ( hi Ian Government
in the present dii'ticu ty with tho United
Stales was similar 1 1 the position of
Paraguay in ls."7. when that country
was brought to terms by the vigorous
acton of President F.uchanan. Tho
Government o; Paraguay had, upon friv
o'o s and evt n insulting pretexts re
fits d to ratify the treaty of friendship,
commerce and navigation concluded
with it March 4. If5.'t, as aniendtd by
the United States Senate. It had seized
and appropriated the property of Amer
ican citizens residing in Paraguay,
in a violent and arbitrary manner,
and finally on Feb. 1, Is. IS, by
order of President Lopez, it had
tired upon tho United States ship Water
A itch, -under Command r Thomas J.
Faie. of the navy, and killed the sailor
at the he' m. while the vessel was peace
fully employed in sui veying the Parana
River, to ascertain its titn S3 for steam
navigation. The honor as well as the
interests of this country demanded satis
faction. The President brought the
subject to the notice of Congress hi his
lirst annual message, Dee? s, is,". In
this he informed Congress that he would
make a demand for r. dress on tho Gov
ernment of Paraguay in a tir.n but ton
ciiiatory manner, but at th same time
observed that "this will the more prob
ably be granted if the Executive shall
have authority to use other means in tho
event of refusal. This is accordingly
recommended. "'
Congress responded favorably to this
recommendation. On the ;d of June,
IS s, Congre s passed a joint re-oltitit n
authoriz ng the President "to a 'opt such
measures and use such force as. in his
judgment, may be necessary and advisa
ble in tho event of a refusal of just sat
isfaction by the Government of Paraguay
in connection with the attack on tho
United St ites steamer Water Witch, and
with tit her matters referred to in tiu an
nual message." Congress also made an
appropriation to defray the expenses of
a commissioner to Paraguay, should ho
tie- m it proper to appoint one. "for the
adjustment of ditliculties" with that re
public. Paraguay is situated far in the interior
of South America, ami its capi.al, the
city of Asuncion, on the left l ank of the
Kiv r Paraguay, is more than a thou
sand miles from lit i; outh of ttie La
Plate. Protect) d by his rerno c and se
cluded position. President Lopez but
litt'e apprehended that a navy frcm a
far dista t country could ascend the La
Plate, the Para a and he Paraguay anl
reach the capital. 'Ibis was doubtless
tic leason why h ' hud ventured to place
ns ;;l defiaue Under these circum
stances President I!u -hanan deem d it
advisable to send w th .lam s R Powl
i g, our Commissioner to 1 a agi:ay, a
i aval force sullicent to t xac. justice
should negotiation fail. 'J his consisted
of i iuetcen armed vessels, great and
small, tarrying 20U guns and ',.".(K) sail
ors ai tl marines, a l under the c niiiiand
of Commodore Shubrick.
Soon after the arrival of the expedi
tion at, Montevideo, Commissioner Bowl
ing and Co mmodore Shubrick proceed d
to ascend the rivers to Asuncion In the
steamer l-'iilton. accompanied by tho
Water Witch. Meanwhile the remain
ing vesse's rendezvoused In ihe Parana,
near I'osario, a position from which
they could act prompt'y in case of need.
The comiuiss oner arrived at Asuncion
on .Ian. ls5l', and left it Feb. 10.
Within this brief period he had ably and
successfully accomplished all tho ob
jects of his mission. In addition to am
ple apologies, he obtained from Presi
dent Lopez the payment of $10,(0:) for
the family of Seaman l haney, who had
been killed fn tho attack upon the Water
Witch, and also concluded satisfactory
treaties of indemnity and of navigation
and tommerce with the Paraguayan
government-
Otitis and lOiitls.
Tun Ka;ser. it is said, has more than
100 pairs of white trousers.
Foil a man to be efficient, like a cable
car, he mustn't loso the grip.
A Mii.wavkek couple recently cele
brated t' eir sixtieth anniversary.
A onk-i.rjc;f.d bicyclist in London re
cently rode 100 miles iu less than nl no
houri.
CURRENT COMMENT.
Chili Sauce.
( hili is a country we can lick, and we
don't take any insulting remarks from
her. Kansas City Journal. ,
Unless j rompt reparation is made Chili
may discover her mistake only when it
is too late. Iiostoa Traveller.
Chili can hardly refuse to recognise the
extent of the grievame or the justice of
the demand- New York Herald.
Chi i is respectfully informed that tho
past nil! of stabbing defenseless Ameri
cans cami'.t proceed unrebuked. Tr y
Times.
If l hili should get int a brush with
the United States she will lose son. ethlns
more than her nitrate beds. Sxutli
lie nd Tribune
It is for the Chilians to decide as to
tho next st"p. Full apology and amp'e
reparation will rem ivc every diflicuity.
Xew York Press.
If the United States haI a str. neer
navy the insults to the flag by Chili
would not ha e been perpetrated. St.
Louis Globe Democrat
Every patriotic citi en, of whate or
party school, will h artiiy susta n the
atlministiation in demanding reparation
from (hili. Indianapolis Sentinel.
Chili may yet have to be - chastised by
ihe United States. This bumpt ou lit -tie
country is getting too big for its
clothes. St Louis i dube-Democrat.
Xow that the wrong has been suffered,
all arties here will agree that tho
Washingtor authorities shall firmly in
s'st upon reparation and at any cost.
Montgomery Advertiser.
The Unite I States in is in duty Fount!
to show the sraa lest or the greatest i ow
er in the Western Hemisphere that it
will not submit lo in-u.t or be t:ifled
with. Minneapolis Journal.
Uncle Sam is spoiling Ira fight with
Chili. Unt-'e Sam might have had a row
with England several moi.ths ago, but,
preferred to refer the dispute to the
diplomats. Jb.t. then. England is a big
ger man than Chip. Kansas City Star.
Chili sho :l i be com el ed to apologi: e.
of course, for the maltreatment of o ir
sailors, and reparation shrub! be made
to the relatives of those murdered, but
this great nation can afford to be pa
tient and considerate until the new pov-
ernment is fairly organized. Omaha
Pee.
Indicted Beauregard.
General r.eaurcarl savs lie has noth
ing to do with the La S. I.; nothing
that is, except "superintend drawings."
The General draws it pretty tine
heeling Degister
Genera! Fcaurega-d's indictment and
arrest for aiding and abett ng the viola
tion of the laws against otter es is log
ical and praiseworthy. New York Com
mercial Advertiser.
General Pcauregard still keeps up his
lottery connection, and now a warrant
is out t ha ginx him and other o:t:cia!
with violating the postal laws. Flrjok
lyn Tiiin s
General Deauregard can see "no im
propriety, much less a t rime," in the
Louisiana lottery, because It Is "a recog
nized institution of the. State, upheld by
its laws and conducted by the first citi
zens of Xew Orleans. " The General ap
pears to regard State laws as supert. r.
not only to national ones, but to tho
n.oral law as well Philadelphia In
quirer. With a swell ng air ho proc'aims that
his duties were only to see that the
drawings were fair, and he threatens to
make it warm for those who testified
against him lJeanregasd may talk big,
but he will have diflicuity in convincing
anybody that he hasn't been acting as a
stool-pigeon for the greatest swindle of
modern times. Lafay(tc Journa'.
Starving Russ a.
Kecetit rains In Southern Russia make
the prospects there gt od for crops next
year. Hut how to live until then is the
1 ainful cuestion with the people of that
vast section. Detroit Tribune.
Poor Kussia! If she can survive her
present woes without a revolt that will
overthrow her despotic throne, who shall
say that there is a limit to human en
durance'.' Kansas City Times.
The generosity of the Czar of Kussia
in donating l,."o.oo rubles for the re
lief of the starving Russian peasantry
naturally provokes tho question where
the money came from. Pittsburg Dis
patch. With 2O.00O.on; Russians beginning a
course of starvation, the French loan of
$100,000,0 o might be turned to better
account in buying food from ns than
rifles from the lender. Xew York Ad
vertiser. With 2O,000.oro of neople starving.
Russia should stop talking of war and
try to buy fool for the sufferers. This
country lias plenty to spate, and the
Czar has revenues that can be devoted
to tho humane work. Kansas City
Journal.
Women in the Pulpit.
Women win men to pretty much every
thing else Why shouldn't they win
them to faith and goodne s. Xew York
World.
Tlio Methodist Council seems, c.n the
whtrto, to look favorably on tho plan of
al owing women to preach, but if the
ladies get into the pulpit what will l e
about the average length of the Sunday
sermon? Louisville Commercial.
Xow that all the reachers are men,
the proportion of women in their con
gregations is overwhelming. If th
w omen take the pulpit will the men
take the pew? It would be a goodly
sight to see all our young men attending
church on a Sunday. Louisville Post
The Methodist Coiir.cil at Washington
is out of date in looking to St. Paul to
afford data for settling the right of
women to equal church privileges, in
cluding thi! pulpit. Paul may have been
right in his time, but the women of to
day are not tho kind he knew and dis
liked. St Paul Globe.
Will Write a Book.
Considering the part that Mrs. Dar
nell had in tho divis'on of tho Irish
party, her proposal to write a book does
not seem in the interests of harmony.
Detroit Free Press.
It looks very much as if we were in for
a hard winter. Tho weather prophets
threaten us with a number of killing
blizzards, and besides this comes ihe an
nouncement that Mrs. C. S. Pan c 1 is
going to publish a book giving her side
of the celebrated O'Shea divorce case,
Cincinnati Enquirer.
If the cable announcement be true
that Mrs Darnell intends to write a
memoir of her husband, the lato "un
crowned king, " and in it explain many
things which are now distorted or misun
derstood, the volume may prove to be
one of the important books of the dying
century.- New York Recorder.
The Open Switch.
The open switch is tilling the ofh'te of
the deadly car stove during the latter's
vacation Topeka Capital.
A system of track patrolling by trained
men to look after all such defects would
of course prevent all accident Colum
bus Journal.
If ever lynch 'aw is- excusable it is
when applied to the man who deliber
ately wrecks a railroad train. Philadel
phia Inquirer. ,