Willmar tribune. [volume], May 10, 1905, Image 8

About Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931

Image provided by: Minnesota Historical Society; Saint Paul, MN

                
would not be supposed that such
frailties or frivolities as romance or
tun could append to or hover about so
solemn a repository of erudition as the
Smithsonian institution.
But here's a story, all the same:
A few months ago one of the members
of the Smithsonian institution's scien
tific corps went down to a little island
lying off the coast of Virginia to gather
certain specimens of the flora and fauna
thereof. What the iiora and fauna wete
the scientist went after makes no dif
ference. To tell what they were would
be to give too good a "line on" just who
this amiable scientist is. anyhow.
He is a young man of 35 or some such
a matter, good-looking, and he hasn't
by any means arrived as yet at the dry
ss-dust stage of the average scientific
man's career.
On the little island lying off the coast
of Virginia, hereinbefore mentioned.
there is a lighthouse. The lighthouse
keeper had and has a daughter—a pret
ty, wholesome, unsophisticated, quite
uneducated and wholly charming Vir
ginia girl.
The young scientist was perhaps the
first male person she had ever met and
THK UGHTHOISE KEEPER HAD A
DAUGHTER.
conversed with, in her out-of-the-way
sphere, who executed the major portion
of his dining by means of a fork, prop
erly handled.
Consequently the lighthouse keeper's
daughter promptly fell idolatrously in
love with the young scientist.
The young scientist couldn't help it.
He felt flattered that the young woman
considered him possessed of the fatal
gift of beauty, and all that, but inas
much as he was engaged to a Washing
ton young woman, who knew how to
make honiton doylies and could play
"Monastery Bells" and "The Maiden's
Prayer" on the piano, he really felt very
fcadly over the cascade of affection lav
ished upon him by the Virginia sea
nymph and daughter of nature.
Moreover, the girl herself had a
beau. He was a rawboned young fish
erman, who combined business with
pleasure by "coteing" her while he
greased his boots.
This was, of course, a complication
from the viewpoint of the young
scientist, let alone all other considera
tions. The scientist had never seen the
fisherman beau, and he didn't want to.
After only half completing his work
of gathering specimens, he packed up
and came back toWashington, glad to
again find himself within the safe, en
folding embrace of pure, undiluted
Science, with an upper-case S.
Sadly enough, the lighthouse keeper's
daughter pursued him with more or less
violently affectionate letters—none the
less affectionate because they were one
and all signed "yures verry respekfly
Tbe guileless conscientious young
man of science was much perturbed after
having received several dozens of these Washington~S~tar~
A LENTEN HAZARD.
In-Lent she turns from gayeties
And greets me with a pensive air
She frowns on'worldiy revelries
And bunts out somber things to wear
A'ot that her faith enjoins her thus
The righteous pathway to pursue,
But merely (this between just us)
It is "the proper thing to do."
In Lent there are no suppers I
Must pay for when the curtains fall
The cabbies oft must wonder why
summon them no more at all
From worldly pleasures she withdraws
2Cot that her creed compels her to,
Or, that she's pious, but because
It is "the proper thing to. do."
In Lent a bunch of violets
Is all she costs me day by day
In L.ent I settle up the debts
That I have long been urged to pay.
She ceases for awhile to "pour,"
She turns from teas and dances, too.
Because, as has been said before,
It is "the proper thing to do."
In Lent about three times a week
1 sit alone with her at night
"And wonder if I ought to speak
The words I long have hoped I might.
1 rather like her.pensivenesa,
Her coy, expectant manner, too
To speak or not—oh, well, I guess
It is the proper thing to do.
—S. E. Kiser, in Chicago Record-Herald.
DREDGING IN CHINA CANALS
Boatmen Gather Bich Fertilizing Ma
terial for the Neighbor
ing Farms.
1
Along the canals in China at any time
may be found boatmen gathering muck
from the bottomof the canal. This muck
is taken in much the same manner that
oysters are taken by hand on the Atlan
tic coast. In place of tongs are large
baglike devices on crossed bamboo
pole* which take in a large quantity of
the oose at once. This is emptied into
the boat, and the process is repeated
until the boatman has a load, when he
will proceed to some neighboring farm
and empty the muck, either directly on
his fields—especially around the mul-
berry trees, which are raised for the silk-1 factured at a much
billet-doux, and he decided to ask the
counsel ot his immedlato chief in the
matter.
When he did so, his immediate chief
lay back in his chair and—well, hollered.
He gave the embarrassed young scien
tist the loud and long laugh. Then,
brutally enough, he related the story
unto the delighted ears of the rest of the
corps of scientists of the Smithsonian
institution. They, likewise, hollered.
The name of the lighthouse keeper's
daughter is rather unusual—say it is
Penelope Sadheart, The staid, sober
scientists had only to whisper the name
of Penelope within the hearing of the
object of Penelope's adoration to re
duce that young man of science to one
tremendous and all-pervading blush.
They kapt at him for quite awhile, un
til the novelty of the thing wore off,
and then they gradually let him alone.
One afternoon last week a queer fig
ure wandered into the dim, cathedral-lit
entrance corridor of the Smithsonian in
stitution.
He was something short of seven feet
in height bony as the fossil of a mas
todon and considerably more angular.
He was clad in a withered suit of plain
homespun, with his pants (they were
pants, not trousers) tucked in his boots,
and he shambled along as if he were at
a deadly loss just what to do with his
gigantic hands and feet. Nevertheless,
he looked as if he might be able to hold
his own in a hand-to-paw encounter
with a Rocky mountain grizzly bear.
One of the young scientists took him
in hand and asked him his business, for
the giant did not appear to have visited
the institution merely for the purpose
of inspecting the exhibits. The giant
said that he was from the hereinbefore
mentioned island lying off the coast of
Virginia, and that he was looking for
the young scientist who had been there
a few months before, ha ollected a
number of specimens for
The mischievous young man of science
who had the giant in hand conceived an
idea.
"All right," he said. "I'll take you to
him. By the way, do you know a Miss
Penelope Sadheart down your way?"
"Ah sho'ly do, sun." was the giant's
reply.
"That so?" said the mischief-maker.
"Well, I'll tell you. The gentleman you
want to see met that young lady down
at your island, and he'll be glad to know
that you know her. Now, I'll show you
where his desk is, and when you meet
him it'll please him if you ask him if he
knows Miss Penelope Sadheart"
"Ve'y well. suh. Ah'll ask him,"
said the giant."
Then the mischief-maker went around
and gathered together about a dozen of
the scientific corps on a little gallery di
rectly overlooking the desk of the ob
ject of Miss Penelope Sadheart's affec
tion.
Then he showed the giant where to
find the young scientist, who was busiiy
engaged in sorting over some specimens
on his desk.
The giant from Virginia clomped up
stairs to the desk of the young scientist,
for whom he had collected some speci
mens, and shambled up to where the
young man sat.
The young scientist looked up, and he
went a bit pale. Probably he had a sud
den glimmering idea of breakers ahead.
"Suh," said the giant, solemnly ad
dressing the nervous young man of
science at his desk, "Ah've come up this
a-way from Brown's island. Do you all
know a Miss Penelope Sadheart?"
The young scientist grabbed a heavy
paper weight in one hand and a rubber
ruler in the other and jumped up. He
was game, all right.
"Yes, I do," he replied, with his face
as chalky as a man's face can get.
"What of it?"
The words that were probably thump
ing through his head just then were:
"Here's that girl's fisherman beau, and
he's going to make two bites of me but
I'm a-going to give him a run lor his
money at that!"
"Oh, nuthin', suh," said the giant.
"Ah jes' happened tuh mention huh.
Ah've toted up heah some o' them things
you all was a-lookin' foh down owuh
way awhile back, and—"
worms—or in a pool, where it Is taken
later to the fields. From this muck the
Chinese farmer will generally secure
enough shellfish to pay him for his work indestructible, "it Is also highly attrac
and the fertilizer is clear gain. The fer
tilizer thus secured is valuable. It is
rich in nitrogen and potash and has
abundant humus elements. This dreda-
Then the young scientist fell back in
his chair with the relaxation of purejoy,
and his blood began to circulate again.—
ing of the canals for fertilizers is the
only way by which the Chinese have
kept theircanals in reasonably good con
dition for centuries. The fertilizer has
paid for itself both ways. Recently
there were complaints filed at Peking
that the ashes from the steam launches
plying on the canals were injuring the
muck for fertilizing purposes, and the
problem has been considered a serious
one by the Chinese government.
In addition to securing fertilizers from
the canals, and thus keeping the canals
in condition, the farmers help keep them
purified by gathering all floating weeds,
grass and other vegetable debris that
they can find upon them. Boatmen will
secure great loads of water plants and
grass by skimming the surface of the
canal. The reeds growing along the
canal are used for weaving baskets of
several grades, and for fuel. In short,
no plant life about the canal goes to
waste.
FINDS NEW USE FOR GLASS
Experiments ,of French Inventor Re
sult in the Discovery of
New Method.
A practical inventor and scientist,
M. Garchey, known all over France, has
made a very interesting experiment in
.Lyons. He has discovered an entirely
new method, says a recent report, of
melting all kinds of old glass and trans
forming it into material as hard and
serviceable as Belgian blocks. In
1898 he obtained permission from the
municipal authorities of. Lyons to Save Congress,
a portion of one of their main streets
with this new material and thus prove
to the world the value of his discov
ery. The street selected was a princi
pal thoroughfare, which was under con
tinuous and heavy traffic, and yet the
glass is still as sound as when first
put down.
M. Garchey claims for "ceramo-crys
tal," as he*calls it, that it can be manu-
more reasonable
figure than any other reliable building
material now on the market In Europe
or America, and that it Is practically
tive and artistic in appearance, and
M. Garchey fully expects to see it tak
ing the place of the building materials
now la use.
When the congress met in London, in
1895, the American delegates who at
tended were not slow to recognize the
fact that the majority of European
managers and engineers looked upon
the railroad methods of this country
as somewhat crude and primitive. The
Americans might learn something from
the admirably equipped and conducted
trunk lines of Europe, but there was
little or no valuable contribution which
they could in turn make to railroad
lore.
To those who are familiar with the
true situation, this idea was absurd at
that time, and is more than ever ridi
culous to-day, for in the last 35 years
Railway Men of the World
to Hold Convention «f
Seventh Session of the International Railway Congress Will
Be Held at Washington in May.
AY, of this year, is to he made
memorable in the railroad
history of this country by
the holding at Washington
of the seventh International
railroad Congress, an organ-
ization which was formed in 1885 in
Brussels. This is the first time the con
gress has met in America, and railroad
men of this country are anxious to en
lighten the foreign delegates as to the
advancement which has been made in
this country in the last 20 years
STUYVESANT FISH.
American President International Railway Congress.
more miles of railway have been built
in this country than is in operation in
all Europe to-day, and in the last 20
years the railways of the United States
have everywhere made such phenom
enal strides in construction, equipment
and operation as to have left the sys
tems of other countries far in the rear.
For this reason, the' American rail
road men who are to be the hosts of
the international body are extremely
anxious that the foreign delegates shall
become familiar with all of the excel
lencies of the American railroad sys
tems. Whatever ideas and opinions
the visiting delegates bring with them,
the railroad men on this side of the
water are determined that they shall
learn a thing or two, and change their
views. Of late years, it is true, there
has been more of a disposition on the
part of foreigners to recognize the
progress which was being made by
American railways, and there has been
increasing interest as. a result. It is
evident, therefore, that the ooanng ses~
ARTHUR DUBOIS.
Presiaent of International Railway Con
gress.)
•Ions in Washington will prove the most
interesting and the most important in
the history of the congress.
The international Railroad Congress
had its birth at Brussels, where in 1885
the fiftieth anniversary of the installa
tion of railways in that country was
celebrated by a scientific congress. At
this meeting a committee was ap
pointed to draw up a programme and
prepare a series of questions to be dis
cussed, and this was the beginning of
the permanent organization, which is
known as the International Railway
At first the meetings were
held every two or three years, but
they are now held but once in five
years. Following the session at Brus
sels, the congress has met as follows:'
Milan, 1887 Paris, 1889 St. Petersburg,
1892 London, 1895 Paris, 1900. 'Phe
official language of the congress is
French, but the constitution permits
the proceedings to bfc conducted in the
language in which the meeting is held.
The affairs of the organization are
directed by a permanent commission,
consisting of 48 members, one-third of
whom retire and are replaced at each
session of the congress. The officers
of the congress consist of a president,
two'vice presidents, with former presi
dents as ex-officio a secretary general,
and a secretary-treasurer, and they
hold office from one session to the next.
The present officers ara: President,
Arthur Dubois, honorary director of the
Belgian state railways, and secretary
general, Louis Weissenbruch, chief en
gineer" and manager of the Belgian
state railways. And for the American
section of the congress, Stuyvesant Fish
is president, and W. F. Allen is secre
tary.
It is expected that the most of the
1,494 delegates entitled to attend the
congress will be present. Of these 748are
from non-English speaking countries
346 are from English-speaking jpoun
tries outside of America, and the rail*
roads of this country will have 400
representatives in attendance. Accord
ing to the programme arranged, follow
ing thQ assembling of the delegates from
April 29 to May 2, the registration bu
reau will open on May 3.at the head^
quarters of the congress at the NewvWil
lard Hotel, on the top floor of which,
and in the audience room of the inter
state commerce commission, the. ses
sions will be held. May 4 will occur
the formal opening of the session and
the formation of the sections. May 5
to 14 the meetings of the sessions will
occupy the attention of the delegates,
and on May 15 a tour of inspection of
all the principal railways of the country
will be begun, and it is expected that
at this time the foreign delegates will
have their eyes opened and learn a
thing or two about American railroad
ing.
One of the important features of the
congress will be the American railway
appliance exhibit. The railway supply
men of the country have spared no
pains or expense in bringing together
the latest and best improvements in
railway equipment. Permission was
obtained from congress to hold the ex
hibit in Monument park, just back of
the white house. It is the first time that
the park has been used for display pur
poses. The chairman of the general
committee of the railway appliance ex
hibition is George A. Post, president of
the Standard Coupler company, of New
York. Mr. Post is thoroughly alive to
the opportunity offered of convincing
foreign railroad men of the superior
ity of American construction and equip
ment, and the utmost is to be made of
the privilege. In speaking of the mat
ter, Mr. Post says
"I believe that this coming congress
will be the most important that has
been held, and the fact that it is! the
first time that a session has been held
in this country should lead us all-to
put forth our best efforts to make this
occasion one that will not be forgotten.
We have an opportunity now to show
to the managers of foreign railways the
work that we are doing in America and
the work that we can do abroad. We
have been ably seconded in the work
that is before us by the president of the
United States, congress and the state
department, and I am confident that our
foreign visitors will go home with en
larged and heightened views of Amer
ican methods and appliances.
"The importance of the*International
Railroad Congress is fully realized by
railroad men in all parts of the w-rld:
The interchange of views and of ideas
inthe construction and operating of rail
ways is most beneficial to all countries.
European managers have only within
the past few year» acknowledged that
American railway men could teach
them anything, but they are beginning
now to see that America is far advanced
in railroading. We trust that they will
have a full realizing sense of the great
strides that we have made In railroad
work in this country. Everything leads
me to believe that we shall make a great
success of our .exhibit, and I am con
vinced that the congress will be equally
successful."
There is one point on which Amer
ican railway men are especially anx
ious to convert the.foreign visitors, and
that is the superior construction meth
ods in use in this country. In the
past whenever railway systems were to
be opened in new countries, like South
America, Africa, Asia and Australia,
the capital came from Europe, and, in
fact, most of it does to-day. Thus hav
ing control of tbe capital, American
methods and material have, as a lisual
thing, been barred. In the past few
years, however, the objections of the
past have been removed to some ex
tent, and the American railway build
ings have been finding their way into
the new ountrles.
By PROP. JOHN H. GRAY,
or Northwestern University.
man, to country and to God are eternal
lion depends on circumstances.
If there is anything that a century of industrialism and machinery
has taught us, it is that it is no longer possible to separate the religious
life from the cvery-day life so completely as was supposed to be possi
ble in the past. Human judgment is fallible and I may be mistaken,
but at least I can face you as fellow men and face my God and declare
with.a clear conscience that for the 12 successive Sundays that I have
appeared before you I have spoken the truth as God gave me to see
the truth, without fear and without favor. All of these services, to my
mind, have been religious-services.
CALIFORNIA MAY HAVE RAND
Gold Deposits Similar to Those in
South Africa May Exist
in the State.
The Rand mines in South Africa are
the most extensive gold mines opened
up in modern times. The ore bodies
were condemned during the first work
ihgs by many old California miners
because the formation was new to
them and not well understood. How
every, says the Portland Oregonian,
the yield of gold steadily increased
and some of the best mining engin
eers of the world made exhaustive
studies of the formations.
Let us ask how, in an industrial age, in the midst of machine
production, with a great majority of the people non-propertied, work
ing in the presence of clanging machinery, how ought they spend Sun
day? A hundred years ago you would have been told in the language
of the Scriptures, "to remember the Sabbath day and keep it holy,"
and without further consideration it would have been assumed that a
large portion of that day ought to be spent in formal worship with
your fellows in tlie organized Christian-church.
In the end the theory was generally
accepted that these vast gold deposits
were formed on the seashore from the
eroded washings of mountains, rich in
auriferous quartz lodes. Subsequent
volcanic forces,- it is presumed, ele
vated this ancient seabeach several
thousand feet above the present sea
level.
I say to you in the twentieth century that you ought "to remem
ber the Sabbath day and keep it holy," but if you ask me why you
should keep it holy, so far as I understand anything of the Divine pur
pose, I should answer that it is in order that you may get sufficient
rest to quiet your nerves, to regain your circulation, to rebuild your
physical system, to enlarge'your mind and your spirit and to enable
you to look out upon the world with that calmness, that sanity, that
hope,and that courage which belongs primarily and permanently to
a good physical being.
The gravel beds and beach shingle
are found undisturbed, much the same
as originally deposited, but are now
hard conglomerate, requiring dynamite
to break up the gravel beds and crush
ing in stamp mills to obtain the gold,
which is as fine as flour, and the yield
is $70,000,000 to $80,000 000 yearly.
No very extensive marine gold de
posits have yet been found on this
continent. Gold Bluff and jfort Orford
attracted some attention many years
ago, but no volcanic action had ele
vated the beach and miners could not
follow the paying sands into the sea.
Cape Nome is the most extensive sea
shore deposit yet mined for gold on
the Pacific coast.
Some attention is now being given
to the valley of the Sacramento, which
most of the geological works published
in late years describe as once having
been the bed of a great interior sea.
That sea washed the foot of the
Sierra Nevada mountains and its bed
is composed of the washings therein
of the debris of the eroded mountains.
Several hundreds of millions of gold,
that did not reach this interior sea
has been recovered by miners on the
slopes and deep-worn water courses of
the Sierras. That would seem to be
ah extensive unprospected field, favor
ably situated for seashore deposits of
gold being found in paying bodies.
I say reverently that at least a portion, and a large portion! of
Sunday should be spent, so far as weather permits, outside your own
house and outside of churches or any other buildings, and in a better
atmosphere than is to be found in that portion of the town in which
considerable bodies of working people live.
I love the church and I love to worship in the church with my
fellow men, but -no man has a right, in view of the sacrcdness of hu
man life and the family obligations resting upon him, to spend any
portidn of a Sunday in a church which leaves him less prepared to
stand the strain of the other six days of the week, to earn an honest
living for himself and those dependent on him and to perform those
sacred and holv religious duties to family and friends.
If development work should be start
ed on that line the results will be
watched, by many old California min
ers with deep interest. These now
grizzled relicts of '49 and '50 had no
means then of reaching below these
water levels and with them died out
much of that indomitable spirit of do
ing all that man may dare in develop
ing the unknown when gold was the
prize aimed at.
Courtiers in Calico.
Probably the simplest court livery in
the world is that worn in the royal pal
ace of Korea. The emperor's servants
are all dressed in garments and head
gear of red calico, easy to make and cost
ing little. There is practically no state
at the palace, but the Korean ruler lis
treated with the deepest respect. His
person is considered sacred to touch
him is sacrilege, and the punishment of
sacrilege is death. If the emperor
touches a subject that person also be
comes sacred. It is not lawful to speak
his name except in a whisper, and only
after death may his portrait be painted,
and then it will be worshiped by his
subject.
Good for the Monks.
Animals attend a church service in
Cuzco, Peru. Pigs, goats, cattle and
poultry are brought to be blessed by
their owners on All Souls' day. The
seats are removed, and the animals can
trot about or lie down as they wish.
After the ceremony the live stock is for
mally given to the monks, Who receive
little other payment for their services.
Spent on Golf.
It is calculated that $50,000,000 a
W spent on golf. There are 879
golf cjfubs in England 760 in America,
632 in Scotland and 134 in Ireland,
numbering altogether 600,000 players..
The principles of right,
of duty, of worship, of
loyalty to your fellow
The method of their applica-
PETROLEUM FOR THE FACE
Crude Oil Said to Be an Excellent
Beautiner of the Com
plexion.
"If you want to see complexions, come
to the oil wells," remarked the experi
enced operator in crude petroleum, smil
ing, according to the Chicago Tribune.
"Not women's complexions—no they
are not enough in touch with the real
atmosphere that creates the peaches and
cream cheeks and brow and chin and
neck and ear. These complexions be
long to the hairy, bristled men who work
"day after day under the spouting oil of
the active well, or around the pumps
that draw the black or green, or amber
fluid, as the case may be, from the
depths.
"I don't know whether the skin spe
cialist has any explanation of the phe
nomenon, but it is true, nevertheless,
that a man who works under the grimy
conditions that are inevitable around
the petroleum wells takes on a skin that
the society women might envy. Where
the work is the grimiest and greasiest,
the complexions of the men are the fair
est. I have seen men, smooth shaven,
who at evening receptions could make
a fortune posing as living proofs of
Soandso's complexion ointments, if the
'fake' could be maintained and.the op
portunity made possible.
"To some extent it is the grease itself
that does the smoothing for .the skin
where the color comes from is a guess
with me—I could hardly lay it to the
dyes that are in the basic material in
some of these oils. But I know this
much about crude petroleum—a steady
application of it to the skin will make a
complexion for anyone who will take
the course in earnest. If I were a wom
an, seeking a complexion, as many
woman are, I would invest in a barrel
of crude petroleum and bathe in it regu
larly.
"Years ago, when petroleum was
something new in Pennsylvania, it
crorped out in the bed of. a dry creek:
and the first use for it, somehow, was
that of an emollient. It was heralded
as 'Seneca oil,' good for rheumatism, and
a dozen ailments of the throat and chest.
This might have been the pioneer ex
ploiting of petroleum for its medicinal
value. This value has been attested ir
later years in some of the byproducts oi
the oil. But I am satisfied that the best
value in petroleum comes from its use
in its entirety.
"Take a petroleum bath if you don't
believe it."
Russia's Unlearned Lesson.
No persons are better aware than
those who live under free forms of gov
ernment, either republican, democratic
or monarchical, that all the virtues do
not necessarily pervade communities
liberally governed. But that no other
system is possible for peoples, who have
arrived at a certain grade of intelligence
is proved by experiment only by some
method of representation* and self-gov
ernment can be avoided a condition of
cruel repression above and of misery
and unrest below. Only thus can hu
manity work out its own salvation.
With Japan following successfully the
direction of freedom and progress, it is
not in the nature of things that Rusisa
can long linger in the region of night
mare and chaos. The emperor and peo
ple of Russia have other lessons than
those of war to learn from the emperor
and people of Japan.—Century.
The Potato "Gaffer."
It is frequently the custom for mer
chants in Scotland to buy potatoes when
in the ground, and to undertake the dig
ging and carting. For this purpose they
often send to Ireland for a man called a
"gaffer," who takes a gang of young
women over to assist, as the Irish wo
men are among the best workers in the
field.
Pertinent Query.
Applicant—Oi underathand yez air
afther wantin' a nurse gir-rul, mam.
Lady—Yes. I want a good girl capa
ble of looking after the twins.
'"Twins, is it? An' air th' both av
thim yourn, mam?"—Chicago Daii*
News.
Directions for the Making of One That
Will Do the Farmer Good
Service.
In response to a request of one of its
readers for the plans of a handy hay
rack, the Country Gentleman says:
The combination hay rack shown in
the first illustration is a convenient one:
are bed-pieces of pine or other
straight-grained light wood, 14 or 16
Jeet in length, eight inches wide and
three inches thick if of oak or other
hard wood, two and one-half inches
thick will give sufficient strength. Four
cross-pieces, B, of hard wood, one and
one-quarter inches thick and six inches
wide, are mortised and firmly secured to
COMBINATION HAY RACK.
the bed-pieces. This constitutes the
frame or foundation, and is shown in
Fig. 2. It is frequently used separately,
to haul rails, boards, stones, manure,
etc.. and is a convenient, strong* and
handy arrangement for the purpose. In
Fig. 1 is shown the rigging complete, of
which its four cross-pieces or arms, P.
are seven and one-half feet in length,
five inches wide and two and one-half
inches thick.
If designed for a "sectional rigging"
and to prevent side movement, a half
inch groove is cut into the lower sides
of the cross arms, P, so that they fit
FRAME OR BED-PIECES.
closely upon the bed-pieces. To prevent
a forward or backward movement, eight
strong iron hooks are attached by sta
ples to the sides of the cross-arms, and
when^placed upon the bed-pieces are
readily hooked into the staples, A. Thus
arranged, one man can easily place the
rigging-upon or take it from the wagon.
Or, if desired, bolts may be used to fasten
all together, by passing them through
the cross arms and bed-pieces there is
not 25 cents difference in the expense.
Standards, D, can be either stationary,
or hinged so as to be quickly lowered,
raised or removed, by a small bolt, as
shown at Y. The standards should' be
six and one-half feet high, and quite
strong, to withstand the pressure of the
load, as well as to serve as a ladder. The
boards should be of the same length
as the bed-pieces, and one inch thick
and six inches wide, of straight-grained
light wood. Wooden pins or stakes, N,
are inserted as shown, and should be
only slightly sharpened. Should the
hind wheels project above the boards,
X, bridge over them, as shown at S.
Wash with petroleum and keep under
Shelter when not in use.
FERTILITY OF THE SOIL.
Valuable Facts Boiled Down for the
Farmer During the Busy
Season..
The following brief facts are boiled
down from an article by Prof. C. G. Hop
kins of the Illinois- College-'bf:- Agricul
ture on "Fertility of the Soil:"
Different types of soil produce differ
ent crop yields under the same condi
tions.
Soils side by side, but cultivated dif
ferently for a term of years, produce
very different yields.
The same soil differs at different
times, according to its cultivation and
other treatment and lack of treatment.
One soil will produce 20 bushels of
corn, another 40 bushels, another 80
bushels.
One soil is worth $20 an acre, another
S100 per acre, another $200 per acre—
largely because of their difference in fer
tility or productive capacity.
§oii can be "run down."
Soil can be improved.
The fertility of soil can be maintained.
It is worth money to know soils- and
be ajde to improve them.
The study of soils is vitally connected
with profit and propriety in farming, the
greatest industry in Illinois.
Neither live stock nor clover, nor both
together, will maintain the fertility of
the soil.
The only way: "Preserve good physi
cal conditions and then put back upon
the land all of the fertility which is
taken off."
While there are ten essentials of plant
food, seven of them are usually supplied
in abundance, but nitrogen, phosphorus
and potassium are rather limited in
most soils. So the study of fertility is
practically reduced to the study of these
three.
SOME FACTS ABOUT BEES.
Things Which Every Keeper of Bees
Should Keep in Mind If He
Would Succeed.
Blame yourself if you are not making
a success with bees.
The orchard is the best place for the
apiary.
It is estimated that it costs the bees
ten pounds of honeyfor every pound of
comb.
From the time it is hatched, until it
becomes matured, the bee is 21 days old.
We doubt if there Is a better honey
plant than AUike clover.
Even at the tender age of three days,
bees help to perform the labors neces
sary in the hive, like building the comb
and feeding the larvae.
The drone is an ideal loafer. He dues
nothing but eat. It requiresseveral days
more to hatch a drone than a queen or
worker, showing they are even too tired
to come into this world.
The Best Brood Sow.
For early pigs, well matured sows
ehoufd be mated. As a rule, they will
take better care of their litters, will
be better sucklers and the danger of
parturition will not be so great as with
the younger sows, while they will be
more rtadily managed by the feeder.
The necessity of water to the honey
bees is to dissolve honey which some
times becomes candied in the celL' In
brood rearing, they can make but little
progress without an abundant supply.
In early spring, when compelled to go
a long distance to secure water from
brooks or drains, the losses will be be
yond comprehension. The careful apia
rist is fully aware of the value of these
little water gatherers at this season of
the year. He could well afford to lose
lour times their number a month or
two later. It is apparent that many
cases of so-called spring dwindling is
traceable to the want of water at the
proper temperature, supplied at conven
ient places in the apiary.
Many of us have taken great pains in
locating our colonies, perhaps wintered
fairly well, but without giving the mat
ter a thought. Water had the most to
do with our difficulties. There is prob
ably no better way to keep the combs
not in use than under a colony. If for
any reason you do not want to keepthem
there, little fear need be felt that any
harm will come to them from worms
from this time till late next spring, when
•w-hey can« again be given to the bees. It
is generally admitted that more extract
ed honey can be produced than comb
honey. Just how much more, no one
seems to know definitely. Some say
twice as much, some say a half more.
The explanation is easy in running
for extracted honey, extracting combs,
are given. These the bees store with
their first honey and keep on storing un
til full. They do not even have to stop
to draw out foundation, much less to
loaf around before attempting to draw
it out. In the case of comb honey, a
super containing sections filled with
sheets of foundation is given. But be
fore the bees enter that super, they will
crowd every available cell in the brood
nest. In the meantime the loafing habit
is started, and swarming is likely to
follow, says the Orange Judd Farmer.
The fact of the matter is, the bees seem
much to prefer to store the nectar in
cells already drawn out and it takes
pressure, a great deal of it. to force them
into the supers. When they once com
mence drawing out the foundation, then
the storing and the work on the other
sections begin.
Some farmers prefer to pour the feed
right on the bees. If the feed is of the
right consistency, it never injures them
at all. It takes but little feed to stimu
late to start breeding, provided abund
ance of honey is in the hive. It would be
poor policy to stimulate to rear a lot
of bees and then allow them to starve.
In feeding in the spring, feed only
enough to fill the combs with the feedIn
stead of the brood, for brood not stores
is what is desired at this time of year.
HOW TO SET A HEN.
It Is Not the Simplest Thing in tho
World to Accomplish Suc
cessfully.
All the large breeds of chickens
should be hatched out during early in
the season. If the pullets have been
laying since October, there should be no.
scarcity of brood mothers, but if they
have not been laying it will be best to
secure some that have. To begin with,
it is folly to set a hen where the layers
can get to her nest. A room apart from
the flock must be provided, to which the
setter should be .quietly removed after
dark, the nest having been previously
arranged. Place a few china nest eggs
in the nest and allow the hen to set a
day or two before placing the eggs un
der her. Dust her thoroughly with in
sect powder and put in front of her a
supply of grit, corn and a pan of fresh
water and let her help herself at will.
It is better to set hens by twos so that
when the broods are hatched all of the
chicks can be put with one hen and the
other hen can be reset, says Epitomist.
In cool weather, with good care, one hen
may hatch as many as three broods with
out leaving the nest except for her usual
exercise and not be any the worsefor her
nine weeks setting. Setting a hen no
doubt seems to those who have never
tried it a very simple thing, but never
theless, the fact remains, that not one
person in a hundred who raises poultry
knows just how to handle a hen during
the hatching of her brood.
PERCHES FOR POULTRY.
When Hung from the Roof by Wire
They Are the Freest from
Lice.
From roof of poultry house hang
strong wires with loop at lower ends.
In these loops slip
2x4*sfor supports,
notched in one inch
deep to hold the
perches, which may
be round poles. Pour gasoline over the
perches if mites trouble. If mites are
too numerous, says Farm and Home,
take roosts and supports outdoors, sat
urate with gasoline and touch a match
Use care to avoid explosions, fires and
burns. Spray gasoline over the walls,
using it by daylight only.
ABOUND THE GARDEN.
The garden should be a plat of ground
that drains well.
Manure for the garden should be well
rotted and free from seeds of grass or
weeds.
If the asparagus beetle appears in the
garden this spring, spray the plants with
hellebore.
Well rotted chip manure worked into
the radish rows will bring radishes to
the table early.
Beets require the land to be deeply
pulverized hence, it is not out of place
to plant them in ridges.
Where fruit trees have been injured by
rodents cover the wounds with a salve
made by mixing wax and rosin together.
Two Classes of People.
He who makes two blades of grass
grow where but one grew before is a
public benefactor, and he who reducea
the fertility of the soil so that only one
ear of corn grows where twohave grown
before is a public curse.
41
s&
N
The Hen That Pays.
The hen that lays is the hen that pays
—but in order that she nay be at her
best demands thepropertreatment feed
properly supplied is the prime essential
factor in egg production.—Poultry^oor
nai.