Willmar tribune. [volume], July 12, 1905, Image 8

About Willmar tribune. [volume] (Willmar, Minn.) 1895-1931

Image provided by: Minnesota Historical Society; Saint Paul, MN

                
A LESSON IN
S-
PRACTICAL POINTS FOB BOYS
WITH AMBITION AND
GENIUS.
Various Carpenter Tools Described
Beginner Must Do Some Practical
Work with Each Tool Separately
Before Attempting Construction
Work—Suggestions for Practice—
How to Plane a Piece of Wood to
Required Width and Thickness.
BY JAMES RITCHEY.
Instr-jctor in Woodworking and Pattern
MaKing, Armour Institute of Tech
nology, Chicago.)
[Copyright, 1904, by Joseph B. Bowles.]
NOTE.—The interested reader is ad
vised to clip this article for reference.
The boring brace illustrated in Fig.
40 is to be found in many styles and
sizes. For boring holes of all sizes up
to one inch in diameter a brace of
eight-inch swing will be required and
needs no directions as regards its use.
In Fig. 41 we show a few of the
many styles of bits used. The first, at
FIG. 40.
A, are called auger bits, and can be
bought in sizes ranging from one
fourth to one inch by sixteenths. At
B~are shown the gimlet bit and the
twist drill for wood. These bits are
^used for boring very small holes for
all purposes, especially for wood
screws, and can be bought in sizes run
ning by thirty-seconds from one-six
teenth to three-eighths inch'in diam
eter. For very hard wood the twist
drill is the best and will stand more
hard usage than the gimlet..bit.
At we illustrate the rose counter
sink-bit and the brace screw driver bit.
The former is used to ream out after
the holes have been bored for the
heads of wood screws. The latter is
used in the brace as a^screw-driver for
driving large wood screws in hard
wood.
In Figs. 42 and 43 we illustrate the
3 3
&
FIG. 41.
best forms of carpenter's hammer,
screw-driver and scratch awl. -The
screw-driver should be, for general
use, six inhces long, and the hammer
may weigh from 12 to 16 ounces.
These tools are so common as to need
no description or instructions as* to
their use.
At A in Fig. 44 is shown an Im
proved style of adjustable dividers. A
pair eight inches long will be a con
venient size for general use. At and
in the same illustration are shown
two common forms of bench knives,
one of which should always be used to
lay out work for the back saw, or
chisel, instead of using a pencil or
scratch awl. For fine work the di
mensions marked by a pencil are too
indefinite, and the scratch made by the
scratch'awl is too rough, breaking and
tearing, as it does, the fibers of the
FIG. iZT
wood so that a smooth, close-fitting"
joint or connection cannot be made
after its use. The skew chisel style of
knife shown at is the best, and
Bhould be held and drawn with the
short corner toward the operator.
As we have already stated in article
I, it will be necessary for all those
who wish to become even partially
proficient in using woodworking tools
to do a moderate amount of practical
work with each tool separately before
trying to use them as a whole in the
construction of any desired article.
The following directions and sugges
tion* will be found helpful, and if car
ried out will greatly assist the begin
ner in his future work.
If we wish to plane a board or a
piece of stock of any size to required
dimensions the surfaces and edges
must be planed straight and true. The
first test for a true surface is to try it
with a short straightedge, as at A
c=rai
FIG. 43.
In Fig. 45. The straightedge must be
applied to different parts of the sur
face, and also in different positions,
and the wood carefully dressed off with
the plane until every part of the sur
face fits to the edge of the straight
edge. If the piece being planed is nar
row, the back edge, of the try square
.used as shown at will be sufficient
for making this test. It is usually
the case that while a surface is ap
parently true by the test just given it
may be twisted, or as the carpenter
would say, winding, or in wind.
To test a surface for wind, two short
straightedges are used, each being of
equal width throughout. One Qf these
is placed on edge near to each end of
the surface to be tested, as in -Fig. 46.
Stand back and look across the top
edge of ones to the top edge of the
other, and if the two tops agree, as
at A (Fig. 46), the surface of the piece
is froe from wind.
If the top edges "of tfcV winding
•trips do not agree, as at B, the wind
or twist of the surface can be readily
teen, tad the High corners matt be
planed off, until the surface' agrees
with both tests given above. Two
winding strips should be carefully
made and kept for this purpose, and
also to he used as short straightedges
when needed. They may be from 12 to
16 inches in length, one and one-half
to two inches wide and from one-half
to three-fourths" inch in thickness.
They are tested for accuracy in them
selves by laying them side to side, on
edge, on a flat surface, and If in this
position the upper edges agree, then
turn one of the strips other end to,
and if the upper edges still agree the
two strips are correct.
Having obtained a true surface, as
above directed, the second step is to
plane one of the edges straight and at
exact right angles to the first surface.
The test is by using the try square as
shown at A in Fig. 47.
This first trued side and first jointed
edge at right angles to each other are
called respectively the face side and
work edge of the piece, and in every
case they must both be marked with a
pencil, as shown at (Fig. 47). These
marks should be placed at the angle
which separates the two trued sur
faces, as shown in the illustration.
This will indicate the corner at which
the two surfaces are in the required
relative position to each other.
For the third step in planing up our
FIG. 45.
piece set the marking gauge to the re
quired width of the piece—we will say
in this case four inches—and, placing
the head of the gauge firmly against
the work edge, gauge or mark the
piece on both sides. All wood outside
of the gauge line is now planed off,
but great care must be taken to plane
only to the gauge line, as a shaving
carelessly taken below the line will
make the piece too narrow for the re
quired use. If the planing has been
done with care and accuracy the two
edges of the piece will be parallel and
the width correct.
The fourth step is to reset the mark
ing gauge to the'required thickness
say three-fourths inch—and with the
gauge head placed and held firmly
against the face side mark or gauge
around and around the piece and again
plane off all wood outside of the
gauge mark, and here again, if the
FIG. 46.
planing has been done with care, the
two opposite sides will be parallel.
Having now by planing reduced the
piece of wood to the required width
and thickness, it only remains to cut it
off to the length at which it is to be
used. If the ends are to be planed
smooth, which is usually the case, one
end is first planed at right angles, not
only to the work edge, but also to the
face side, testing with the try square
as the work progresses.
The most common and indeed the
Attaututg MM
By MRS. VANCE CHENEY.
easiest way to plan* the ends, of sua!}
a piece of wood is not to place it in lad
bench vise end up, which is a difficult
way of doing this work, but to la? it
on the bench hook, a3 shown at A in'
Fig. 48, and, haying turned the jack
plane over on its side on the work
bench, and.with the face uf the plane
against the end of the piece to b,«
.planed, proceed to plane off, the end
'wood, avoiding all tilting of the piano
during the process.
and a bit more intelligence would make him apparent.
It is a matter of mind and brain cells, and these, the physicist
proves to us, may be made to order.
If the ideal man were suddenly to appear, what would he be like?
Very like some man or men whom most of us have known men who
stand as prophets of what the race is to become.
He would be sound of body, because, viewing himself/ his asso
ciates, his, duties and his privleges from the viewpoint of splendid man
hood, his positive and impersonal zeal for the true, the beautiful and
the good must translate itself into strong muscles, good red blood and
lithe limbs.
He would be of imposing stature, because, erect of soul, true to
the authority of his own heart, -his/ wonfe would ring true and his acts
betray unhampered allegiance tot art -ideal of.cdhduct and to an apprecia
tion of the abundance, beauty arid glory of God's,good earth. ^He
would be in bondage to nothing f-tied, neither to time, place nor appetite,
he would be just an intelligent ruler in the kingdom of his own being.
An important point to be observed
and guarded against is the splintering
or breaking of the forward corner aa
the plane passes it in the act of cut
ting, a shaving from the end of the
wood. This,can be avoided by plac
ing a thin strip of wood of equaHhick
ness throughout^say one-fourth to
three-eighths of an inch in tihekuess—
in front of or between the piece to be
planed and the cross head piece of the
bjench hook, as is shown at in the.
Illustration This thin Istrip will re
ceive the thrust of the plane against
the fibers of the piece at the forward
angle of its^end. and while its own
corner will be more or less broken, the
jr
FIG. 47.
piece being planed will be protected
and remain intact.
The shoot board will
work much better than
hook for all such purposes as above,
and this is especially true when the
pieces are wide, so as to present an
end of considerable length to the
plane.
be found to
the bench
Having succeeded in planing one end
of the piece true and square, next lay
off the required length on the face side
of the piece and with a" try square
placed against the work edge, draw a
sharp cut line on the surface, and also
on the front and back edges. As be
fore directed, do not use a scratch awl
or a lead pencil for this purpose, but
use the bench knife, or the sharp
point of a pocketknife blade. With
the back saw proceed to cut off the end
just outside, but close to the line, in
the same way as has already been de-
FIG. 48.
scribed for hacksaw practice in Fig.
24, after which the end may be planed
smooth (but never beyond the line)
on the bench hook or shoot board, as
directed for the first end.
When using the plane on its side,
care must be taken not to tilt the
plane up as it pressed against the end
wood being planed. In this position do
not hold the plane by the handle, but
lay the right hand firmly on the side of
the plane, just over the plane iron, and
press the plane firmly down on its side
at the same time it is pushed forward
and pressed against the wood being
planed.
Birthday Missionary Fund.
The recent development of the Wom
an's Foreign Missionary society Is
the. birthday missionary fund, persons
pledging two dollars .each on their
own birthday to be applied'to the
support of some missionary. Already
there are at least a dozen mission
aries thus provided for, and the first
was only sent out last fall.
Glamour of the Footlights.
Mary Anderson Navarro talked also
a good deaU about the stage, and told
me that no one who had not lived be
hind the scenes could have any idea
how utterly, hopelessly wearisome it
was to live in a world where all things
from the sun and the moon down
ward were shams.—"Notes from a
Diary."
No seams will be found in his face, for his conscience will be seam
less. No more would there be&hollows in his cheeks, for there will be
no holes in his honor.*, ^.5 I 1 g% %£'. I
.Time will soften and tflurruni| this $eaj|nan, np| marfand schr his,
countenance, for hei williUif^hisfmanHo^q Ib|t1h# l^^|t|tia1t|takis the
prize" without the methods of the fox, the tiger or the bear.
His nerves would be srong and his digestion perfect, for nerves and
organs will surely not master the man of all round intelligence.
He would be regal and gracious in manner, with the mood to fit
the occasion and with no desire to "strike back," "namby pamby, goody
good." No, just a king, a strong, healthy product of absolute decency,,
the crowning touch of the evolution of intelligence and good will a marc
with the occipital areas so well developed and with a heart so large that
his very presence radiates benevolence, good will and power.
"A physical, mental and spiritual giant," you say. Yes, but, such
must be.the ideal man, for, though he niay have evolved fromibe quad*
raped, he has within him the possibilities of a god, and the work and
privilege of life is to make these aooarent.
Just a little more
more right seeing, and
we"should have him now,
this ideal man.
., He rests in embryo in
the soul of every man,
The Bad Boy Makes Friends with Some
Italian Children—Dad Is Chased
by Lions from the Coliseum—"Not
Any More Borne for Papa," Says
Dad.
BY"HON. GEORGE W. PECK.
(Ex-Governor of Wisconsin, Former Edit
or of Peck's Sun, Author of "Peck's
(Copyright. 1905. by Joseph B. Bowles.)
ROME, ITALY—MY DEAR OLD
•'P^AjftD WeU^a^lg you could see me
now,)you wouldn't know me, because
foreign travel has broadened me out, so
I can talk on any subject, and people
of my age look upon me as an author
ity, and they surround me everywhere
I go, and urge me to talk. The fact that
the boys and girls do not understand a
word I say makes no difference. They
do not wear many clothes here, and there
is no style about them, and when they
see me, with a whole suit of clothes on,
and a hat, and shoes and socks, and a
scarf-pin on my necktie, they think I
must be an Americano that is too rich
for any use, or something that ranks
with a prince at least, and the boys de
light to be with me, and do errands for
me, and the girls seem to be in love with
me.
There is no way you can tell if a girl
is in love with you, except that she looks
at you with eyes that are as black as
coal, and they seem to burn a hole right
into your insides, and when they take
hold of your hand they hang on, and
squeeze like alamand-left, in a, dance
at home, and they snug up to you, and
are as warm and cheerful as a gas stove.
Say, I sat on a bench in a plaza with a
girl about my age, for an hour, while
the other girls and boys sat on the
ground and looked at us in admiration,
and when I put my arm around her and
kissed her on her pouting lips, it brought
on a revolution. An Italian soldier po
liceman took me by the neck and threw
me across the street, the girl scratched
me with her finger nails and bit me, and
yelled some grand hailing sign of dis
tress, her brother and a ragged boy that
was in love with the giri, and was jeal
ous, drew daggers, and the whole
crowd yelled murder, and I started for
our hotel on a run, and the whole popu
lation of Rome seemed to follow me, and
I might as well have been a negro ac
cused of crime in the states. I thought
they would burn me at the stake, but
dad came out of the hotel and threw a
handful of small change into the crowd,
and ittwas all off.
After they picked up the coin they
beckoned me to come out and play some
more, but not any more for little Hen
nery. I have been in love in all coun
tries where we have Jxaveled. and in all
languages, but this Italian love takes
the whole bakery, and I do not go around
any more without a chaperbne. The
girls are ragged, and wear shawls over
their heads, and there are holes in their
dresses and their skin isn't white, like
American girls', but is what they call
olive complexion, like stuffed olives you
buy in bottles, stuffed with cayenne pep-
AKD IT BROUGHT O.N A REVOLUTION.
per, but the, girls are just like thai
cayenne pepper, so warm that you want
to throw water on yourself after they
have touched.you. Gee, but I wouldn't
want to live in a climate! where girls
were a torrid zone, 'cause I should melt
like an icicle that drops in a stove, and
makes steam, and blows up the whole
house.
Well, old, man, you talk about
churches, but you don't know anything
about it. Dad and I went to St. Peter's
in Rome, and it is the grandest thing in
the world. Say, the Congregational
church at home, which we thought so
grand, could be put in one little corner
of St. Peter's, and would look like 30
cents. St. Peter's covers ground about
half a mile square, and when you go in
side and look at grown people on the
other side of it, they look like flies, and
the organ is as big as a block of build
ings in Chicago, and when they blow it.
you think the last day has come, and
yet the music is as sweet as a melodeon,
and makes you want to get down on
your knees with all the thousands of
good Christians of Italy, and confess
that you are a fraud, that ought to he
arrested.
-Dad and I have been to all kinds of
churches, everywhere, and never turned
a hair, but since we got to this town, and
got some of the prevailing religion into
our systems, we feel guilty, and it seems
as though everybody could see right into
us, and that they knew we were heath
en, that never knew there was a God.
Sure thing, I never supposed there were
so many people in the world that wor
shiped their Maker, as there are here,
and I don't wonder that all over the
world good people look to Rome for the
light. Dad keeps telling me that when
we get home we will set an example that
will make people pay attention, but he
says he does hot want to join the churc.1
until he has seen all the sights, and
then he will swear off for good.
He said to me yesterday: "Now, Hen
nery, I have been to all the pious places
with you, the pope's residence, the cata
combs and St. Peter's, where they
preach from "40 different places, and
Sake you feel like giving up your sins,
and I have looked at carvings, and
decorations, and marble and jewels, and
seen the folly of my ways of life, and I
am ripe for a change, but before I give
up the world and all of its wickedness.
I want blood. I want to go to the other
extreme, and see the wild beasts at the
Ifoman'a fanattrfjia
tvan Iramtttg Jfoaro
BY MRS. LILLIE DEVEREUX BLAKE.
honors. In the older universities women are not admitted in competi
tion, with boys, but safely excluded in annexes. They are afraid of
them.
Victor Hugo said that "the nineteenth century was the woman's
century," and it is probable that the rise of woman will date from the
work done in that cycle, and the twentieth century will see the fruition
of our hopes, the achievement of all that we have struggled for. The
.women of the present and of the coming generation will reap the har
vest, the seeds of which were sown by the pioneers of the latter half of
the nineteenth century.
Coliseum tear human beings limb from
limb, and drink their blood, and see
gladiators gladiate, and chop down their
antagonists, and put one foot on their
prostrate necks, like they do in the
theaters, and then I am ready to leave
this town, and be good."
off the boards for over 2,000 years,
that the eating of human prisoners by
wild beasts in the presence of the
Roman populace was played out, and
that the Coliseum was a ruin and did not
exist as a place of amusement. He
thought everything that he had read
about the horrors of a Roman holiday
was running to-day, as aside show, and
he wanted to see it, and I had encouraged
him in his ideas, because he was nervous,
atfd~I didn't want to undeceive himV
He had come to Rome to see things he
couldn't find at home, and it was up to
me to deliver the goods.
Gee, but it made me sweat, 'cause I
knew if dad did not get a show for his
money, he would lay it up agaiaet me,
so I told him we would go to tha
Coliseum that night and see the hungry
lions and tigers eat some of the leading
citizens, just as they did when Caesar
run the show. Then I found an Ameri
can from Chicago at the hotel, who
sells soap in Rome, and told him what
dad expected of me in the way of amuse
ment, and he said the only way was to
take dad out to the Coliseum, and in
the dark roll a barrel of broken glass
down the tiers of seats and make him
believe there was an earthquake that
had destroyed the Coliseum, and that the
lions and tigers were all loose, looking
for people to eat, and scare dad and
make a run back to tov^s.
I didn't want to play such a scandalous
trick on dad, but the Chicago man said
that was the only way out of it, and he
could get a barrel of broken glass for a
dollar, and hire four ruffians that could
roar like lions for a few dollars, and it
would give dad good exercise, and may
be save him from a run of Roman fever,
'cause there was nothing like a good
sweat to knock the fever out of a fel
low's system. The thing struck me as
not only a good experience for dad, but
a life saver, so I whacked up the money,
and the Chicago soap man did the rest.
After dark we went out to the ruin of
the Coliseum, where a great many tour
ists go to look at the ruins by moon
light, and dad was as anxiousand blood
thirsty as a young surgeon cutting up his
first "stiff." When we got to the right
place, and I told dad we were a little
early, because the nobility were not in
their seats, the villains began to rdar
three dollars' worth, like hungry lions,
and dad turned a little pale, and said
that sounded like the real thing
I told him we better not get too near,
because we were n'ot accustomed to see*
I DIDN'T KNOW HE WAS SUCH A
SPRINTEB.
ing live men chewed up by beasts, and
dad said he didn't care how near we got,
as long as they chewed and tore to
pieces the natives so we started to work
up a little nearer, when there was a
noise such as I never heard before, as the
hogshead of broken glass began to roll
down the tiers of stone seatB, and I fell
over on the ground, and pushed dad, and
he went over in the sand and struck his
pants on a cactus, and yelled thathe was
stabbed with a dirk, and I got up and
fell down again, and just then the Chi
cago soap man came up on a gallop, fol-
Woman has been in the past and will always be in the future the
guardian of the home, the conservator of virtue, and her emancipation
will mark a bright era in the evolution of the world.
It is preposterous to suppose that the women working for suf
frage have ever approved of the singular financial measures or social
conditions that have been advocated from time to time by fanatics. It
is not just to hold the leaders in'the woman's movement responsible
for the peculiar views that have been entertained by some people who
have also favored woman suffrage.
Well, sir, I have been in lots of tight
places before, but this one beat the band.
Here was my dad, who did not know that
the Roman gladiator business had been
WHAT DAD WANTED TO SEE.
The cause of "the ad
vancement of woman"
is steadily gaining
ground. Every year
brings its triumphs. In
the coeducational col
leges it is the girls who
have carried off all the
lowed by the villains playing lion and
tiger, and dad asked the Chicago man
what seemed to be the matter, and he
said: "Matter enough there has been
an earthquake, and the Coliseum has
fallen down, killing more than 10,000
Romans, and the animals' cages are
busted and the animals are loose, look
ing for fresh meat, and we better get
right back to Rome, too quick, or we will
be eaten allv& Come on if you are with
me! Do you hear the lions after us?'
said he, as the hired villains roared.
Well, you'd a died to see dad get up
out of that prickly cactus, and take the
lead for good old Rome. I didn't know
he was such a sprinter, but we trailed
along behind, roaring like lions, and
snarling like tigers and yip-yapping like
hyenas and barking like timber wolves,
and we couldn't see dad for the dust, on
that moonlight night
We slowed up and let dad run ahead,
and he got to the hotel first, and we paid
off the villains, and finally we went in
the hotel and found dad in the bar
room putting and drinking a high-ball.
"Pretty near hell, wasn't it," said dad,
to the soap man. "Did the lions catch
anybody?" "O a few of the lower
classes," said the soap man, "but none of
the nobility. The nobility were in the
boxes, and that part of the Coliseum
never falls during an earthquake," and
the soap man joined dad in a high-ball.
After dad got through puffing and had
wiped about two quarts of perspiration
off his head and neck, and the soap man
had told him what a great thing it was
to perspire in Rome, on account of the
Roman fever, that catches a man at
night and kills him before morning, dad
turned to me and said: "Hennery, you
go pack up and we get out of this in the
morning, for I feel as though I had
been chewed by one of those hyenas.
Not any more Rome for papa," and the
high-ball party broke up, and we went
to bed to~geti8leepi«nough toJottv« town.
Do you know, the next morning thoso
hired villains made the soap man and I
pay ten dollars extra on account of
straining their lungs, roaring like
lions? But we paid for their lungs all
right, rather than have them present a
bill to dad.
Well, good-by, old man. We are get
ting all the fun there is going. Your
Pnly» HENNERY.
FACTS ABOUT SUN SPOTS.
They Often Break Out and Disappear
Under the Eye of the ~r
Observer.
That great sun spot tha.t Chicagoans
were treated to recently did not smash
the record for bigness, even though it
did appear to do so to those who looked
at it with naked eyes through Chicago's
smoke, says the News, of that city5.
Some astronomers said that the spot
was 30,000 miles across, and others that
its diameter was 50,000 miles. But even
50,000. .miles would not be the record
diameter. For, back in 1843, when the
Millerites were looking for the end of
the wdrld, there was a great sun spot
that to many seamed to lend weight to
the Millerites' arguments from the time
prophecies in the Bible. For a week in
that year there was a sun spot that was
visible to the naked eye. It measured
74,816 miles across. On the day of the
eclipse in 1858 a spot 107,000 miles in
extent was clearly seen. These spots
are considered to be storms in the glow*
ing gases that correspond to the atmos
phere of this earth. If there were ships
on the sun as large as this earth they
would be tossed about like autumn
leaves in an ocean storm.
These solar spots are most abundant
on the two sides of the sun's equator,
where they mark something akin to a
terrestrial cyclone belt. The center of
a cyclone is rarefied and therefore cold
er. Cold on the sun is darkness. An
astronomer says that these cyclones
carry down into the depths of the solar
mass the cooler materials of the upper
layers, formed principally of hydrogen,
and thus produce in their center a de
cided extinction of light and heat as
long as the" gyratory movement lasts.
Finally the hydrogen, set free at the
base of the whirlpool, becomes reheated
at this great depth and rises up tumult
uously, forming irregular jets, which
appear above the chromosphere.
Sun spots often break out or disap
pear under the eye of the observer.
They divide like a piece of ice dropped
on the surface of a,,frozen pond, the
pieces sliding off in every direction, or
they combine like separate floes driven
together into a pack. Sometimes a sjot
will last for more than 200 days, through
six or eight revolutions of the siin.
Sometimes a spot will last only half an
hour.
"The velocities indicated by these
movements," writes Henry White War
ren, D. D., "are incredible. An uprush
and downrush at the sides has been
measured#of 20 miles a second, a side
rush or whirl of 120 miles 'a second.
These tempests are over regions so wide
that our own Indian ocean is too small
to be used for comparison. As they
cease the advancing shies of the spots
approach each other at the rate of 20.000
miles an hour. They strike together and
the rising spray leaps thousands of miles
Into space."
DONT'S
For Speaker and
Writer
steady Reminder of Errors in
the Use of Common Words,
Arranged Alphabetically
BY EDWARD B. WAItMAN, A. M.
(Author of "Practical Orthoepy and Crit
ique," "The Voice: How to Train It
How to Care for It," Etc.)
(Copyright, 1905, by Joseph B, Bowles.)
Author's Note.—It is one thing to record
errors, quite another to avoid them. He
who waits for the faultless one to cast
the first critical stone waits in vain
therefore, as one of many working- for
the betterment of the English language,
I shall be pleased to receive kindly criti
cism, if, perchance, I, too, have erred.
One's theory often is better than one's
practice. This was exemplified by the
teacher of language when he said' to bis
class: "Never use a preposition to end
a sentence with."
Many years ago I began to be watchfui
of errors. I noted them in a little book
the book grew as the years passed. I
profited much shall profit more. I now
record them that I may benefit others as
well as myself. Many of them are re
corded for the first time.
Don't say "social" for "sociable."
Example: "I am going to the social,"
should be "I am going to the sociable."
Note.—Social, is not a noun. Sociable.
is both a noun and an adjective.
Don't say "some" for "about."
Example: "It is some four blocks
away," should be "It is about four blocks
away."
Don't say "some'lfor "somewhat."
Example: "He is some better," should
be "He is somewhat better."
Don't say "somebody else's" for
"somebody's else."
Example: "That is somebody else's
book," should be "That is somebody's
else book."
Note.—This is merely preference.
There, is good authority for "somebody
else's," but it would be somebody else's
authority, not mine. I like Mr. Ayres'
defense of the latter. "It is bettergram
mar and more euphonious to consider
else as being an adjective, and to form
the possessive by adding the apostrophe
and to the word that else qualifies."
—The Verbalist.
Don't say "some such a" for "some
such."
Example: "I think it was some such
a boy," should be "I think it was some
suchboy."
Note.—Same with no such, any such,
etc.
Don't say "standing on my feet."
Example: "I've been standing on my
feet all day," should be "I've been stand
ing all day," or "I've been on my feet
all day."
Don't say "stopping" for "staying."
Example: "I am stopping on the
farm," should be "I am staying on the
farm."
Note.—The staying begins when one
stops. One is not supposed to always
stop where he stays. .-Lr^- .'-
Don't say "strongest" "for "stronger."
Example: "Charlie and Willie are
wrestlers, but Charlie is the strongest,"
should be "Charlie and Willie are
wrestlers, but Charlie is the stronger."
Note.—Don't say "stronger of the
two," as the comparative admits of only
two.
Don't say "such" for "so."
'Example: "I never have seen such a
large man," "I never have seen such a
handsome woman," "I never have seen
such narrow streets," should be "I never
have seen so large a man," "I never have
seen so handsome a woman," "I never
have seen so narrow streets."
Note.—To satisfy one's self as to the
corerctness of the foregoing, it is but
necessary to transpose any or all of the
sentences as, "I never have seen a man
such large," etc.
Don't say "summons" for "summon."
Example: "I will summons him,"
should be "I will summon him."
Don't say "summonsed" for "sum
moned."
Example: "He was summonsed to ap
pear," should be "He was summoned to
appear."
Don't say "sweep out" for "swenp."
Example: "Sweep out the room,"
should be "Sweep the room (or floor)."
Note.—One may sweep out the dirt,
or sweep the dirt out of the room but
the room is not swept out.
Don't say "swore" for "sworn."
Example: "I have swore to do it,"
should be "I have sworn to do it."
Don't saj^take" for "have."
Example: "Will you take dinner at
Delmonico's?" should be "Will you have
dinner at Delmonico's?"
Don't say "temperance" for "ab
stinence."
Note.—One may be temperate, yet hot
an abstainer. The former is opposed to
the abuse the latter, to the use.
Don't say "tend" for "attend."
Example, "I'll tend to it," should be
"I'llattend to it." .•:•••
Don't say "the first and second."
Example: "Sing the first and second
stanza." should be "Sing the first and
the second stanza."
Note.—If the plural form is used, the
article "ths" following the conjunction
should be omitted.
Example: "Sing the first aad the sec
ond stanzas." should be "Sing the first
and second stanzas."
Dont say "them" for "those."
Example: "Them things are sold,"
should be "Those things are sold."
Don't say "them" for "they."
Example: "I think it was them,"
should be "I think it was they.'"
N
Don't say "they" for "there."
Example: "Are they many grapes?"
should be "Are there many grapes?"
Don't say "think for" forvthlnk."
Example: "He has more experience
In Ue art than you think for," should
be "Heltias more experience in the art*
than you think" (he has).
Don't say "thoroughly understands."
Example: "He thoroughly under
stands his business," should be "He un
derstands his business thoroughly."
Do not place the adverb before the
verb it qualifies.
Don't say "those kind are" for that
kind is."
Example: "Those kind of peaches
are gone,"""Those kind of people are
numerous," should be "That kind of
peaches is gone,"s*,That kind of people
is numerous."
Don't say "three last" for "last three."
Example: "The three last pupils,"
should be "The last three pupils."
Don't amy "throwed" for "threw."
Example: "I throwed the ball,'*
should be "I threw the ball."
NATURE'S GREAT CLEANSER
Disinfectant Always Existing
covered Only Some Sixty
Years Ago.
Ozone has a peculiar odor (whence
its name, from a Greek word meaning
to smell), which anyone may have no
ticed who has been near where a light
ning bolt struck. It can also be smelled
sometimes during a thunderstorm. It
is disinfectant by-reason of its active
power of oxidizing many substances,
especially when they are moist, and
so destroying their offensive and pois
onous character, it is especially ef
ficacious in destroying the noxious
emanations from ^putreiying suo-~
stances, and thus acting as a deodor
izer..
When breathing, even in small quan
tities, ozone is irritating to the mucous
membranes, and it is believed by some
physicians that many of the respira
tory troubles and the influenza that
prevail in damp winter weather are
owing to a weakening of the resistant
powers of the mucous membranees
through the respired oxygen.
Persons Who "Never Have Time."
Here and there and everywhere are to
be found the man and the woman'who
"never have time." They would read'
good books if they had the time. They
would visit the sick and the needy, but
somehow they have not time. They
would call on their friends, cultivate
good fellowship and add to the comforts
of living, but they have so many other
things to do that they cannot find time
for this. They deceive themselves and
think they are deceiving others. They
are not. "Never have the time" simply
because they do not take the time.
Doers always have the time to do. Busy
men always find time to complete their
tasks.—Louisville Courier-Journal.
Far Too Modest.
Prince Edward of Wales, who is now
nearly 11 years old, and is generally
considered to be the flower of the flock,
is an especial favorite with his royal
grandfather. Lake many other chil
dren, the young prince has a habit of
expressing himself at times in an un
expected manner. When visiting King
Edward the other day the king asked
him what he was studying. "Oh, all
about Perkin Warbeck," was the re
joinder. Asked who Warbeck was the
little prince replied: "He pretended he
was the son of a king, but he wasn't
he was the son of respectable parents.""
—London fattier.
In Oklahoma.
"Halt, stranger!" called the cowboy
picket in the new settlement. "What
are you after around here?"
"I—I go around hunting the heads
of families," faltered the weathercock
agent.
"The heads of families? Gosh! Ter
must be one of those Filipino head
hunters. Throw up yer hands!"—Chi
cago Daily News.
SMART BOY.
"1 say, dad, I've found out why peo
ple laugh up their sleeve."
"Why ta it?".
'Cos that is where their funnv-bon*
"^'5UN*
•ft-3
j^i
Dis-
AH down, through the ages, when
nothing was known of the microbe
cause of putrefaction, and when street
cleaners—even house cleaners—were
almost unheard of, and .streets and
houses and men were as dirty as they
are now in parts of Russia or China,
sickness and death, although frequent,
were not so frequent as they would
have been without nature's watchful
care over her ignorant children.
Although man knew nothing about
it, there was a powerful disinfectant
being constantly manufactured in the
world's laboratory out of air and wat
er, and this substance burned up the
refuse which man did not know
enough to destroy.
This purifier, which the chemists
discovered only about 60 years ago, is
ozone. It is made up of oxygen atoms
in a modified combination, and is
sometimes called, active oxygen, be
cause of its strong oxidizing power.
It is produced during thunderstorms
by the action of the electrical dis
charges, and is also formed dur.ng the
rapid evaporation of water. Sea air,
therefore contains it in small amount,
and also air in the neighborhood of
salt works, where a large amount of
water is constantly being evaporated,
in order to get the salt.
It is produced artificially by pass
ing an electjric spark through oxygen,
or, better, by the action of a high
tension current of electricity/without
sparking. It is also made.in decom
posing water by electricity. A mix
ture of ozone and oxygen appears at
the positive pole.
1
*H
-is
^i!•-*
"X. A