Newspaper Page Text
Accidents That Made Bonanza Kings True Romances of the Great West by Frankj.J.Arkins © B/ fflDCH/Ar CO. a CCIDENTS have contributed billions to the wealth of the world. They have made the history of the great minlng -1 camps. The merest chances | have resulted In the discov ery of the great lodes of gold and silver bearing ore. A The accidental finding of a small nug get in the crop of a chicken was mo mentous. It was the beginning of a series of explorations that unlocked a chnin of treasure vaults in the Rocky Mountains. The remark of a hunter, the subsequent sinking of a well and the accidental meeting of four men, constituted a chain of events that re vealed the greatest single deposit of ore ever known. The kick of a donkey uncovered a ledge from which millions have been taken. v The man who Becks wealth in the mines, knowing what he is hunting for. stumbles across it at the most unexpected moment. If he recognizes what he is looking for he is in a fair way to become rich. Bawmill That Opened Up the West. In January, 1848, near Sacramento. California, James Marshall of New Jersey constructed for James Sutter most famous Bawmill in history. It quickened the pulse of the world. It revived the sluggish streams of com merce. It made men fighting mad. It resulted in wiping the buffalomnd the Indian from the great plains. It filled the Pacific ocean with ships where previously but few sails had been seen. It caused the building of rail roads, and laid the way for future millionaires. The mill was built of logs. Marshall carefully selected a point for the tail race, and because he decided that time could be saved In completing the mill by permitting a flow of water to clear the mill-race of the soft dirt, his name became linked with the ad vance of the western states. The wa ter was turned in and, after running for several days, the head-gate was closed, to complete other necessary work. Then Marshall noticed a few shining specks in the banks of the race. He took a step forward, gasped, halted, flushed and laughed at Jilmself uncertainly. The next morning. Jan uary 19, 1848, he stepped into the tail race and picked up a few pieces of brassy-colored metal. He showed them to the men at the mill. They all laughed. He pounded one piece yun der a hammer. He placed them in his pocket. “Throw them away, Marshall." said one of the men, "and let's get the mill turning.” The next day Marshall rode into Sacramento and reining his foam flecked horse in front of Sutter’s store. Sutter to a rear room, the door of which he locked. “Do you know gold when you see It?" “No. Why?” Then Marshall produced the brassy bits. They hammered out a piece the size of a half-dollar, and weighed It in scales against a silver 50-cent piece. It was heavier. They tested it with acids. They decided it was gold. Together they returned to the mill, and before night had gathered a pan full of coarse gold nuggets. When they did that they tapped the top of the treasure-vault of the West ern States. The news of that find populated the Pacific Coast. A flame of excitement ran up and down the Sacramento Valley. It reached the four corners of the earth. People came from everywhere. Those few specks of gold found in the mill-race at Columa, in Eldorado county, were the first of a production of $1,750,000,- 000 that California was to yield! Then followed the hordes that traveled to the new gold coast by sea. around the Horn, and across the plains, lighting Indians and wild beast, and uncover ing other mining camps that made the western states famouß. Between 1848 and 1869 California produced more gold than had been gained in all of North and South America In the pre vious two centuries. Finding of the Comstock Lode. The chance remark of a hunter, fol lowed by the accidental meeting of four men, 1b responsible for the un covering of the most sensational body of-ore in the history of mining. Pros pectors swarmed all over the stato of Nevada in 1859. They were men who had failed to find wealth in California, reinforced by Immigrants who lncked the money to go farther. A hunter, whose name is not known, told Pat McLaughlin that there were mineral lndlctalons on Gold Hill. They found the place—and an outcrop, but no mineral. The ground had been pros pected before and deserted. It was discouraging. They worked without result They decided to sink a well in a depression. At a depth of four feet they ran across some black looking stuff that puzzled them. They washed some of It in a "rocker” and were amazed to find the bottom of the rocker “alive” with gold. In a few moments the men were making fifty dollars an hour. In the midst of this golden dream, H. T. P. Comstock camo upon them. He declared him self "in on it.” He had prospected the ground before. He was determin ed he would not give an inch. They conceded him a half interest, which he divided with his partner. That claim afterward became the Ophlr ground. Its gold-bearing days were short lived. when an assayer named Mel ville Atwood came along. Struck by the appearance of the black residue from the ore, he essayed it and found that it ran three thousand ounces in silver to the ton. Prior to that the search had been for gold. Now there was a stampede. Within two years Virginia City, Nevada, had a popula tion of thirty thousand, and the fam ous lode named after Comstock has produced in gold and silver $850,000,- 000. The mines burrowed down to a depth of more than three thousand feet, and for years fought through a rain of scalding hot water under ground. In the early 70’s it began to "play out.” The people were panic-stricken. Thousands faced starvation. Then ap peared a man who seemed to "see through the moutnaln.” The great lode had only been scratched, he de clared. John Mackay. with James Fair and Messrs. Flood and O’Brien, start ed to sink the Consolidated California and Virginia shaft. Dark days were on the camp when that shaft went deeper and deeper without revealing an Indication of ore. Just as the night w r as blackest, and the people filled with despair, the bottom of the Con solidated shaft punctured the top of the greatest bonanza ever recorded In his»ory. Stocks soared. The hopes of the people revived Virginia City was a bedlam of excitement. Millions came out of that hole. In the next two years the Consolidated paid divi dends at the rate of $2,000,000 a month. The Chicken and the Professor. A chicken was the accidental means of halting a party of gold hunters, at a point which afterward became a great city, and the center of the most remarkable mining discoveries ever known. A group of Georgia miners stopped on the banks of a sandy creek in west ern Kansas. New' Year’s day, 1859. They had some poultry with them which they turned loose for a few days. They killed one. and in clean ing it a small gold nugget was found in the crop. Instantly town was born. The men were from Auraria, Georgia, and they gave that name to the new place. The stream was called Cherry Creek. They panned up and down and w'ithln a few weeks so many trains of prairie schooners had stopped there that quite a community had tyjen estab lished. The Pike’s Peak boom was on. From Leavenworth the world had been notified. There were saloons, gambling houses, dance halls, all the Indulgences of a mining town, when the placer began to wane. The rush crowded the village. But the supply of gold was scant. Wagons labeled "Pike’s Peak or Bust” came ir. dailv Some ascended the peak—seventy-fivo miles to the south —and if they could have found the man who started the rumor there would have been a hang ing. Then John Gregory panned down the creek to the Platte, and followed it to its confluence with Clear Creek. Here he obtained better "colors." He ascended this stream thirty miles to the point where it forked. He panned the gravel on each side, and selected the North Fork. The next day he lifted a panful of gravel from a gulch that will forever bear his name. The rush that followed changed the name of Auraria to Denver, and divorced from Kansas and Utah enough terM tority to create Colorado. The people were gold mad. W. Green Russell, another Georgian, went into the next gulch, and almost the same day that Gregory "struck it.” George Jackson, who had reached the South Fork of the same creek by crossing the mountains, added another district. The gold came so faßt that the gov ernment ordered a mint erected at Denver in 1861. Then evil days fell on the new camp. The “free" gold dis appeared. It was now held in the clasp of iron and. sulphur and would not yield. Thousands faced ruin. Not one, but several cities had beer built In the mountains. Denver had grow'n by leaps and bounds. The people were in a panic. A masß meet ing was called. It was a gloomy crowd ♦hat assembled. All agreed that thing should be done. But what? “Send for Professor Hill!” shouted a man in the rear of the room. “Who 13 Professor Hill?" asked the chairman. “He Is professor of metallurgy at Brown University,” came the answer. “How do you know?" "Because I am a Brown man.” "College fellow, eh?” The man from Brown pressed his claim, and an appealing message was sent to the university. Professor Hill responded. He examined the ore and agreed to erect a smelter. The min eral wealth of Colorado was first un covered by a chicken, and the state was saved by a professor, afterwards United States senator. The Last Chance. In the spring of 1864 there was a stampede from Alder Gulch to the Kootenai. In British Columbia. Four men. named Cowan. Stanley, Miller and Crab, started north, and while crossing the Prickly Pear Valley in Montana, learned there was no use in going to the new diggings. Thiß In formation was given to them by Jim Coleman and his party, who were re turning They debated together and concluded to go back to the states. They could not agree on the route they should follow. The Cowan par ty wanted to try a new trail over the mountains. Coleman insisted that it was but a game trail. The other thought not. So they parted. Finding It impossible to get over the mountains, the Cowan party re turned to the valley. “Let’s pan this gulch,’ said Cowan. “It’s the last chance before w'e leave.” It was about sundown when Cowan made that remark. He filled his pan with gravel In the gathering dusk his partners watched him. Idly smok ing. The light was fading fast, and Cow an was hurrying the work. He had removed the coarse gravel and was well down to the bottom of the pan. As he began to shake It to rid it of superfluous dirt, and take in fresh wa ter. he shouted: “We’ve struck it blgger’n all out doors! We can own all of Montana!” In an Instant his partners were at hla side. Four breathless men watch ed the final operation. In the bottom of the pan were several flat pieces of gold. As the dirt was thrown out. more and more of the yellow stuff appeared. Altogether there was about eighteen dollars’ worth in that pan. They worked by camp Are. They were wild with joy. They were rich beyond their wildest dreams. They fired tbelr revolvers and talked half the night, as they planned thier future. They had made history In washing that pan. for Last Chance Gulch was to have a popula tion of more than ten thousand before the snows of Christmas fell, and the nuggets found in that pan were the first of $140,000,000 that it was to yield to the gold hunters. Helena, Montana, now stands on the place where that discovery was made. A Murderer's Legacy. A great mining camp was discover ed because a murderer escaped from Jail. While evading arrest he stum bled on gold in the sands of a range of black mountains. Pursued by offi cers of the law and hunted by warlike Indians, hungry and w'eary. he gave himself up. To the warden of the prison where he died he gave two quills of gold, and made a rough map showing where he found the yellow stuff. They began an invasion of the country, which was an Indian reser vation. Men died in the search for those mines. Wild Bill organized nn expedition in 1872. and spent the win ter in the Black Hills, fighting red skins. He was forced out in .1873 by the military. In spite of a cordon of soldiers and hostile Indians, prospec tors risked their lives, for they found ore worth S9OO a ton! The Indians ceded their lands to the government and the rush commenced in 1876. Within a year there were forty thous and people in the gulches. Deadwood is located on the spot where the flee ing murderer found his little nuggets. If the keepers of the jail had not been lax. the half-breed Renseler would not have escaped. And if he had not escaped and been pursued, the wealth of the Black Hills would have been unknown. Finding a Pleasant Tombstone. A prospector left Fort Huachuca. in Arizona “I am going out to find a million.” he remarked "You will find your tombstone! The country is alive with Indians.” "Better a tombstone than poverty." A few weeks later he uncovered one of the greatest silver mines ever open ed in the southwest, which he named the Toughnut. He called it tho Tomb stone District. Several millions of dollars were taken out Just under the grass roots A town sprang up. A newspaper called the Epitaph was published dally It was the accidental turning to the left, forced on him by the presence of the Indians, rather than to the right, where there were better mineral indications, that ca*»ed him to stumble on the great silver deposit Where the Indians Got Their Paint. A piece of rock left on a hot stove by accident unlocked a treasure house. Tho Indians about Prescott, Arizona, had an abundance of paint. Where they obtained it was a mystery. The fact that they had it excited a party of prospectors, who followed them. They tracked the redmen up Jerome Canyon, and saw bright red and green stains on the side of the canyon walls. They went above these, and located a silver mine, which they worked out. Then they sought a purchaser. They did not want to risk their money in searching for greater wealth. They interested Senator W. A. Clark of Montana. He investigated. When and sank a shaft and gave up in dis he saw the red and green stains he knew that back in the hills there was a deposit of copper. He bought the mine and commenced the sinking of a shaft that has made famous the United Verde. The Cripple Creek* Enigma. Pike’s Peak has always been associ ated with gold. In 1859 a camp was located in one of the many natural parks on the side of it. Several thou sand people were there. There was a town, district rules were adopted, and location monuments established. The prospects were promising. There was everything to make a good town —ex- cept gold. It flattened out and the place got a hard name. Then a man went over to Mount Pißgah. salted some claims, and started a rush. He left, the country about twenty-five hundred feet ahead of a thirty-foot rope and several hun dred angry men. Some hardy prospectors went around on the south side of the peak gust. For years expedition after ex pedition wasted time and money on th? sides of the great peak. Finally a man decided that the way to get gold out of that section was to feed cattle on the sides of the peak He acquired a ranch. Later he bor rowed some money on it and could i not pay the mortgage. The holders of the notes offered to give him more time. He would rather they would take the ranch. Bob Womack dug a prospect hole in one of the gulches. A cow fell in it and was crippled. Thf owner of the ranch threatened to eject him. Womack sought aid to develop a mine. In response to his request eminent mining men Investigated his property and tried hard not to laugh in his presence. Dignified mining en gineers shook their heads knowingly and warned capitalists not to risk their money. Then some one bought Womack’s claim for a song, and commenced tc work it. A little gold was found, but there stood Mount Pisgah. that had been salted, and all around it aban doned prospect holes that told o1 blasted hopes of bygone years. It had the curses of thousands of men upor it. A little gold came from the sur face of the ground. But specialists sat up nights advising friends and clients to keep as far away from Crip pie Creek as they could. Then silver was demonetized. Thou sands were thrown out of employment They heeded not the adviec of the ex perts. They rushed into Cripple Creek by the thousand and accidentally dis covered It. They crowded the trails and tramped in over the snow. Thf first winter was terrible. They work ed a placed on Mineral Hill—Wa mack’s mine, the El Paso, began tc ship ore. Then, like a flash, came the news of the finding of Bonanza on Gold Hill. Battle Mountain and Bull Hill. The secret was revealed. The bright, silver-looking ore. that disappeared before the flame of the blowpipe, was gold disguised by tellurium. It -was so simple. It all happened because a man left a piece of it on a stove by accident. The slow' heat drove off the tellurium and left the gold in shining specks, peeking through the rock. The Opening of the Yukon. When the Telegraph Expedition forced Its way through the northwest in the middle of the nineteenth cen tury. it found evidences of gold along the Yukon river. The party was locating a telegraph line that wras never built. All that is necessary to start a prospector over the trail Is word of rich diggings at another place, the farther away the better. Every year after that miners sought the north. In 1896 the world was electrified by the discovery of George Carmack, who forced his w’ay up the Yukon. 1860 miles from the sea. He pros pected the various rivers In search of the gold which the Telegraph Expedi tion had reported. He stumbled into Klondike Creek. Two miles above that he turned into a little stream, where he washed from forty to eighty dollars gold to the pan. His fortune was assured, and his discovery started the rush into the frozen north, for he had turned the key that opened the door to millions, away up in the Arctic Circle. Thanks to tho Reindeer. Nome was discovered because some reindeer strayed away in 1898 and a Lapland reindeer herder at Nome, stumbling along after them, accident ally kicked a nugget from the sands. The beach was worked right down to the edge of the Behring Sea. Then a second zone was discovered thirty-seven feet higher, /but farther back. When it was worked out. a third beach, one hundred and seventy five feet above sea level, and a mile or more back from it. was found. A town sprang up and millions were ta ken from the beaches. International Sunday School Lesson (By E. O. SELLERS. Director of Eve ning Department The Moody Bible In stitute of Chicago.) LESSON FOR MARCH 2 GOD’S COVENANT WITH ABRAM LESSON TEXT—Gen. 15:6-18. GOLDEN TEXT—“He is faithful that promised.”—Heb. 10:23. Until within recent years It was fre quently asserted that Abram's battle, as recorded in Gen. 14. “had not one whit of proof,” yet the archaeologists have not only* reconciled the apparent discrepancies but have proven beyond a .question the accuracy of the rec ord. Abram’s victory over the four confederate kings is a story rich with typical suggestions. I. “After These Thing*-” vv. 1-7. God's word (v. 1) came to Abram not only as a counsel but for assurance as well. So, too, our assurance is his word, I John 6:13. In the midst of the uncertainty and the strife, for we must remember Abram never pos sessed the land, God appeared to him in a vision and said. "Fear not.” See Isa. 41:10. There in the midst of foes (Jas. 2:23) God promised to be to Abram a shield and an exceeding great reward. A “shield” for there is to the Christian life a militant side. Eph. 6:13, 14. I Tim. 6:12. A “re ward” which was far more rich than nny given by man. See 14:21, Prov. 10:22. Abram Was Human. But Abram was, after all, human, and we read in verse 2 his question about descendants, he being as yet childless. Even so. however. Abram was willing to count the child of his steward as fulfilling the promise of God. Not so with God for the prom ise (12:3) was to include Sarah also. God very clearly makes this plain in verse 4. the heir was to be Abram’s indeed and not the child of another. But not only is Abram to have an heir but the land in which he was so journing as a pilgrim was to be his and his seed to be as the stars for multitude. “And he believed.” The great test to this faith came later. Heb. 11:19, but here in this first distinct scrip tural history of faith we find set forth those principles that have governed through all time. (1) The acceptance of the word of God, e. g., to have our trust built upon or supported by the word of Jehovah, see Isa. 30:21; (2) to act upon that faith so that our course in life manifests the belief of the heart. God’s covenant, 12:1-4, is confirmed In seven ways, 1, Posterity, (a) nat ural. “earth.” (b) spiritual, “heaven,” (c) also through Ishmael, Gen. 17:18- 20: 2. Blessing, both temporal and spiritual; 3, great name; 4. Be a bless ing, Gal. 3:13, 14; 6. “I will bless them that bless thee;” 6, “and curse them that curse thee; 7, the families of the earth blessed through Abram, e. g., through Christ, Gal. 3:16. “And he believed In the Lord” (v. 6). Abram built upon the naked word of God. he simply looked at that and that alone. Rom. 4:20, R. V. All God asks of us is for us to take him at his word. So it is that as we take his word about Jesus, he reckons that faith to us as righteousness; no mat ter how unrighteous we may have been, see Rom. 4:3-6; Gal. 3:6-7. The one think that God demands is that we believe him and his word. TT. “Whereby Shall I Know.” vv. 8-18. The weakness of human faith in dicated by Abram’s question (v 8) is answered by God giving to him direc tions for the preparation of a sacri fice. Abram did not really doubt God’s word (v. 6), but ho did desire a confirming sign. Many today are. looking for assuring signs from God when his bare word should be enough. Asking for signs is not always safe, Luke 1:18-20, but as in Abram’s case God does give us a pledge a sign of our inheritance, 2 Cor. 1:22, Eph. 1:14. God gave Abram, after he had explic itly followed his directions, a sym bolic vision of himself. Someone has suggested that the vile birds of prey (v. 11) are symbolic of Satan, and Abram, driving them away, a symbol of one victory over evil, Jas. 4:7. God is always nearer to man and best reveals himself when we are in the midst of sacrifice. God tells Abram of those days of servitude on the part of his descendants while they are to be in Egypt, of God’s judgment to be brought upon that land and of their ultimate deliverance. Symbols of God. Every detail of these predictions and promises was fulfilled. In verse 15 there is presented the great thought of the need of preparation in youth for the future days of “good old age”—also in this verse a sugges tion of the life beyond the grave. The smoking furnace and the flam ing torch were symbols of God him self. Four centuries of opportunity were to be allowed the powerful Arao rites who now possessed the land be fore the land came into bona-fide pos session in accordance with the prom ise, for God’s judgment was Condition ed upon the “measure of their iniquity being full.” In the midst of this hor ror of darkness came God’s final as surance to Abram In the symbolic “flaming torch” which passed be tween the pieces of the slain animals typical of the two parties to the con tract CONSTIPATION SMunyon’s Paw-Paw Pills are unlike all oth er laxatives or cathar tics. They coax the liver into activity by gentle methods, they do not scour: they do not gripe; they do not weaken; but they do start all the secretions of the liver and stom ach in away that soon puts these organs in a healthy condition and corrects constipation. Munyon’s Paw-Paw Pills are a tonic to the stomach, liver and nerves. They invigorate instead of weaken; they enrich the blood instead of impover ishing it; they enable the stomach to get all the nourishment from food that is put into it. 25 cents. All Druggists. It Pavs JRT to Clip II fIORIIIM, ■I LEA and COWR. They >r« M h*<»lthier and rrndcr t«-ttpriMr»lce. || Wh«-n the liravvcoat that boiilntli* VI II wet »»«Und dirt la rcmoie.l,(Li>T W | are more e*«lly kept clean, look Jftn ■ letter—pet more tfood from their 1 fec<l and are better In every »ay. ■ Insist on havlni; 1 The Stewart | i 801 l Bearing Clipping Machine 1 It turns easier, clips faster and II closer and stays sharp longer jll than any other. Gears are all file -«■ ■‘imi i hard and cut from solid TRICE I stcN-l t«ar. They are en- tr , I closed, protected snd J M run In oil: little trio- # M tlon.llttlo wear. Has six feet of new f style easy running flexible shaft and the celebrated Htewart single B tension clipping head. hlKheet irrade. Mel an* from year dealer torery machine guaranteed to please. 3 FLEXIBLE SHAFT CO. shio Sta. CHICAGO. ILL. plete new catalogue showing world's st modem line or horse clipping and ; machines, mailed free on request. Distance never lends enchantment to the office seeker’s view. Smile on wash day. That’s when you use Red Cross Bag Blue. Clothes whiter than snow. All grocers. Adv. Every man thinks he knows a lot about women until he marries one. Constipation causes and seriously aggra vates many diseases. It is thoroughly cured by I)r. Pierce’s Pellets. Tiny sugar-coated granules. Adv. Its Merit. "Why Is a mirror considered one of the best of critics?” “Because it always faces the truth.” Its Style. "The child actress in that piece has a part which fits her like a glove.” “Yes, so to speak, a kid glove.” He Knew the Kind. The guide. In referring to the Egyp tian pyramids, remarked: “It took hundreds of years to build them.” “Then It was a government job— eh?” replied the wealthy contractor. —Youth’s Companion. Nolle Prossed. Rastus had caught Sambo red-hand ed. “Ah’m gwlne hab yo’ arrested foh stealin’ mall chickens, yo’ Sambo Washin’ton —dat’s jess what ah’m gwine to do.” said Rastus., “Go ahead, niggah,” retorted Sambo. "Go ahead and hab me arrested. Ah’ll mek yo’ prove whar yo’ got dem chick ens yo’self!”—Harper's Weekly. Automobile Aroma. Farmer Hiram was mending the front fence when an automobile whizzed past, emitting a trail of blue smoke from its oil-choked engine. Farmer Hiram’s hand went to his nose. When the car had disappeared far down the lane and the smell had died away he ventured to address the hired man. “Sam,” he said, "they may be swell city fellers an’ all that; but they cer tainly was smokin' some vile see gars.” GOOD NATURED AGAIN Good Humor Returns With Change to Proper Food. "For many years I was a constant sufferer from indigestion and nervous ness, amounting almost to prostra tion,” writes a Montana man. "My blood was Impoverished, the vision was blurred and weak, with moving spots before my eyes. This was a steady daily condition. I grew ill tempered, and eventually got so nerv ous I could not keep my books post ed, nor handle accounts satisfactorily. I can’t describe my sufferings. "Nothing I ate agreed with me, till one day I happened to notice Grape- Nuts in a grocery store, and bought a package out of curiosity to know what it was. "I liked tho food from the very first, eating It with cream, and now I buy it by the case and use it daily. I soon found that Grape-Nuts food was supplying brain and nerve force aa nothing in the drug line ever had done or could do. “It wasn’t long before I was re stored to health, comfort and happi ness. “Through the use of Grape-Nuts food my digestion has been restored, my nerves are steady once more, my eye sight is good again, my mental faculties are clear and acute, and I have become bo good-natured that my friends are truly astonished at the change. I feel younger and better than I have for 20 years. No amount of money would Induce me to surrender what I have gained through the use of Grape-Nuts food." Name given by Postum Co., Battle Creek, Mich. “There’s a rea son.” Read the little book, “The Road to Wellville,” In pkgs.” Ever rend the above letter? A new one appears from time to time. They «nd fall of hnmaa Interest. Adv.