Warren sheaf. [volume], January 01, 1919, Image 2

About Warren sheaf. [volume] (Warren, Marshall County, Minn.) 1880-current

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The year opened with the opinion
generally prevailing that the world
war could not be brought to a-conclu
sion in less than eighteen months. It
was an open secret that the German
high command was planning to make
a supreme effort on the western front,
and during th* early days of 1918 it
was known, that many divisions of
German troops, released from the Rus
sian front were being transferred to
the west front in preparation for the
.grand offensive, _.
Interest (l.- ,,g these "days" centered
1n e\ents hat were transpiring in
TRussia and in long-range peace discus
sions in which President Wilson an/I
sniniieel'oi von Howling figured. On
.Tanunr.Y 8 Pro.iucnt Wilson, in an ad
dress, to congress, promulgated the
fumou* "1! points" \\h"ch he declined
should iorm tho h-isN of world peace.
In Russia Premier Lenine and For
eign Minister! ^'Trotzky intrenched
themselves in power by dissolving the
constituent assembly which met ut Pe
itrograd January 18. On January 21
.an all-Russian congress of Soviets was
convened to replace the constituent as
sembly. There was little activity on
any front during the month, but on
.January *0 it was announced officially'
that. American troops were holding
ifront-line trenches in France, occupy
ing a sector northwest of Tout ^rf^-
The Americans holding this sector
received (heir baptism of fire when
they rrepulsed a vigorous German raid.
Ulne Americans lost two killed, four
-wounded and one missing. On Febru
ary 5 the steamer Tuscania, carrying
2,179 American solikers, was torpe
tdoed and sunk, with a loss' of 159
Hives. On February 9 the Ukraine
:signed a separate treaty of peace with
tthe eentral powers.
Conditions in Russia
*be Chaotic. The holsheviki declared
-the war with Gennan.x ovtir but rv
Jused to sign the peace treaty demand
*ed by Germany. The (Jev.nans there
supon renewed hostilities against Rus
-sia, capturing Reval, Russian naval
-base, and advancing on Petrograd Le
mine and Trotzky then announced than
Russia was forced to accept the (Jer
unan peace terms: On March 3 the
'Russian delegates at Brest-Litovsk
/isigned the peace treaty with Germany.
Germans Begin G"eat Drive.
On March '1\ the long-heralded^ of
fensive of the Hermans was launched.
A -i*Hntiev blow was delivered against
fhe Brrtlsii lines on a ^ron't of more
'than nPiriMes. extending from the Riv
vMnK-iieiM' XA\ Fere, ttf the Stn.see
nuver. MIMHW 'jfrolseiles. Wave," after
vv fhe fine**t German troops were
Biut'leil at the'Rrftisl} liqes^and in a
^ew n9 had adyi'ticeti t.r
REVIEW OF YEA 1HAT BROUGHT PEACE
ill BPLWJER FOUiyEARS
VtkcaL*
By DONALD F.*BldGfe.
More history has been made in the
year 1918 than in any year that has
passed since. time began. This* mo
mentous twelve months' period comes
to a close with the world at peace af
ter more than four years of the most
sanguinary fighting of this or any
age.
During the year great nations have
crumbled, new nations have spruns
.into being, thrones have tottered and
fallen, monarchs who once ruled hon
dreds of millions of people with an
iron hand have fled for their lives or
have fallen victim to the wrath of peo
ples intoxicated by their new-won
freedom.
The coming of peace finds Ameri:
and her allies strong nd fully able
to meet the responsibilities that come
with victory. On the other hand it
finds the nations responsible for the
world cataclysm exhausted and torn
by civil disorders that are born of de
feat. It finds the once great empire of
-Austria-Hungary in ruins from which
there are already rising new free na
tions. It finds the German empire dis
rupted and threatened with dissolu
tion.
The end of the war finds Russia in
the throes of civil war. The world gets
only fragments of news regarding the
real situation in the land of the former
'zar but the.is fragments have told a
terrible story of anarchy and class
strife in which thousands of persons
Biave perished, slain in bloody riots or
ruthlessly executed by the bolshevik
leaders who control a large part of the
-once great empire. Peace finds the
menace of autocratic militarism sup
planted by the menace of bolshevism.
which is attempting to extend its an
archistic propaganda throughout the
world.
But, amid all the uncertainties that
peace has brought, the world rejoices
that the last citadel of autocracy has
been swept away before the rising tide
of democracy, giving assurance that
the millions who died upon the field 'of
tattle did not die in vain. Brighter
days for all mankind have dawned
"with the passing of the year 1918.
HOW THE WAR WAS WON
:jM
||^:j Germany Her Allies Are Crushed and Forced to Accept Such
Terms as Winners DictateUnited States Supplies Power
That.Turns TidePresident Wilson Joins Other Demo- so Worl Peac Congres at
:'Vemi:iesff6ftf Nations Crumble and New Oneself
*v s#i8tt
continued to
miles/ The
"D?rttish **itth a-rniy ai the point 'Where
$ touched the FiVu.b lines was rolil
Jii'rt, and for a time rthe allies, faced dis
aster. Tlie Gennsitu- ontinue to push
PeacedConaress !'VmttesU(fo Nations Crumbl an New Ones^r*
fQr#fcRussiaH Torn^Disorders.pf$S#e
at ^J5,s
i a*""^d 47 nine, from La Fer
States, sinking 11 ships.
$
and were within six miles of Amiens.
Here the advance was halted. In the
meantime, on March 29, the allies, fac
ing a catastrophe, at last agreed upon
a unification of command, and General
Foch, the brilliant French leader, was
placed in supreme command of all the
allied armies.
A few days after the launching of
this drive, Paris was bombarded by a
"mystery" gen which it was known
was at least 62 miles away. On March
29, Good Friday, this long-range gun
made a direct hit on a Paris church
and 75.worshipers were killed.
On April 10, the Germans shifted
their attack and began the second
phase of. their offensivea drive
against the British in Flanders with
the channel ports as the objective.
Here again the British were forced to
give ground, but there was no break
such as occurred earlier on the Somme
front. The British and Portuguese
were swept back along the River Lyg.
The Germans took the Messines ridge
and threw 125,000 men against th
British below Ypres. But the Ypres
defenses held firm, and in the west the
Germans failed in their efforts to reach
Hazebrouck. The terrific drive spent
itself and the Germans had failed to
threaten the channel ports seriously.
On April 22 the British' navy execut
ed one of the spectacular feats, of the
war, blocking the channel of Zee
brugge, a German submarine.base, f*
Germans Renew Offensive.
O May 27 the Germans, renewed
the offensive with a powerful attack
between the Aisne and the Marne. In
a day they swept over the Chemin-des
Dames on the heights north of the
Aisne and crossed the river in ar rush.
Next they took Soissons and reached
the Vesle. On they went to the Marne,
extending their front on the river from
Chateau-Thierry to Verrieuil, and
threatening Reims in their advance.
The driye was halted with the Ger
mans occupying a front 16 miles wide
on the Marne.
In the meantime the Americans had
won attention on May 28 by taking.
Cantigny on the Picardy front in
brilliant attack.
On May 25, German U-boats began
operations off the coast of the United
The German drive for Paris was re--i
su.med but the turning point was
reached when on June 6 and 7 Ameri
can marines were thrown across the
path of the advancing army at Chateau
Thierry. The Americans not only
stopped the Germans but drove them
back two miles, capturing several hun
dred prisoners.
In an effort to unite the Somme sali
ent with that of the Marne to provide
a base for another move toward Paris,
the Germans launched another heavy
attack west of Noyon on June 10. They
made considerable gains on a 20-mile
front but the drive was halted .within
two days.
-Austrian Offensive Is Fiasco.
Attention was transferred from
France to Italy when on June 15 the
Austrians opened an offensive on the
Italian front from Asiago plateau to
the sea. The attack proved a complete
fiasco. It was repulsed at all points
and the Italians pursued the fleeing
Austrians across the Piave, taking 45.-
000 prisoners
The
Germanbreak commandershmade
was announced that Americans bver
seas or on "the' way numbered 1,019,115.
The United States on July 7 agreed
to allied action in Russia and prepara
tions were/beguh for an allied military
expedition/ into Siberia. On the same
day Count von Mirbach, German am
bassador to Russia, was slain at Mos
cow. On July 8 it was announced that
the Murman coast of Russia had
thrown off bolshevik rule and invited
aid from the allies," During July the
first reports came from Russia' of the
execution of the former czar by a local
soviet and
confirmed
General "Foch opened the second
phase of his counter-offensive on Au
gust 8 when a surprise attack was
launched on a 20-mile front in Picardy,
the allies gaining seven miles at some
points and taking 7,000 prisoners. The
following day Haig's men gained 13
miles Jn Picardy and the next day the
French, attacking on a 20-mile fro.nt
wiped out thet JibntdidierFoe.^$j|&
4
an
mt
ot^
last effort to throug to Pari
when the crown prince's army group
on July 15, the morning after the
French national .holiday, launched an
offensive along a front from Chateau
Thierry to Massiges. 30 miles east of
Reims.
1%, _,/"K:
This fifth and last phase of the'great'
offensive "failed most signally, being
stopped on the third day. The Ameri
can forces played a big part in this sec
ond decisive battle of the Marne. East
of Chateau-Thierry the Germans forced
a passage across the Marne and the
Americans who opposed them were
forced to fall back temporarily. Then,
in a brilliant counter-attack, the Amer
icans drove the Germans back across,,
the Marne. taking 1,500 prisoners, In
cluding complete brigade staff..
t-Mly Allied Offensive Opens. O
X5n July 18 General Foch assumed
the offensive. -He. struck the crown
prince's right flank a vital blow and on.
the first day the French and Americans
fought their way* for six miles along
the Aisne, reaching the outskirts of
Soissons. For,two weeks the great
counter-offensive continued., On July
29 the Americans met the crack divi
sions of German guards and defeated
them in a stubborn battle at Sergy.
Soissons fell to the French on August
2 and by the following day the entire
Soissons-Reims salient had been wiped
out.,
The indignation of the British peo-
ple,^ toroused by the U-boat outrages
perpetrated by. the Germans, was In
tensified early in July when news was
received of the sinking by a subma
rine of the hospital'ship Llandovery
Gristle/ canning, founded' men and
nurses between Canada and England,
causing a loss of .8R* persons, Includ
ing 12 nurses. Tn.' United States con
tinned ,to speett^ii^'lt^ Air activities
salient, fjs
Hammers
i^^??#-':^F?Cr
Then followed a series of sledge
hammer blows on all portions of the
front, all fitting into the general
scheme of attack worked out by th
master mind of Foch. On August 20
Lassigny fell and the former Sommfe
front was restored. British and Frencfcn
armies, aided by American units, coftr
tinued the smash on the Somme fr*b|:
and on August 30 the Germans wei'e
hurled across the Somme. The British
took, vBapaume, and were close ito
Peronne. Roye fell to the French an
dozens of small towns were wrested
^fnom the invaders. Further north the
British smashed .tiie Hindenbufg line
arid forced the Germans to begin a re
treat from the Lys salient.
1 Cm September 12, the First Ameri
can array, under the direct command
of-Geheral Pershirig, bQgan a brilliant
action which wiped out the difficult
St* Miniel salieiit in three days. The
Americans took 20,000 prisoners ih
this action,
Serbian, French and Italian forced
on September 18, launched a big drivje
against the Bulgafs Tn Macedonia. Ajl
most simultaneously the British broke
the Turk lines in the Holy Land. The
Turkish army was shattered, and by
September 27 had lost 45,000 men In
prisoners. In the meantime the allif^
smashed the Hiridenburg line along a
22-mile front in the St- Quentin sector,
and it was announced at Washington!
that the United States now '-had lJnO,
000 men across the sea to aidln^crush
ing the cnimbling armies of the ?nemy.
The first decisive break in the'ranks
of the central empires came on Sep
tember 27, when General Majinoff.
commander of the Bulgar armies
which were routed before the advanc
ing Serbs and French, asked for an
armistice. On Septemher 30 Bulgaria
accepted the ar.tiistice terms pro
posed by the allies and surrendered
unconditionally.
Teutons Move fo
Peacethrown
Turkey-moved-for pence en Ootoher
Germa peoplrw were
their pies
theZ
th
.a*..Pon,cLa-.s
4
crumbling. Prince Max. who had'now
become German chancellor, addressed
a note to President Wilson, asking that
steps \\p taken immediately to conclude
an armistice and to open peaee nego
tiations President Wilson answered
by asking whether he spoke for. the
people or the then rulers of the empire
I and whether the proposal was based
on an acceptance of the presidents 14
peace points. Meanwhile the drive on
I the W(!1 front continued, and the Oer
I mans were drivn from much ground
that they hul held since 1914. The
I3indenlirg""e was smashed at many
points P"rh"ng's men broke the foe'*
main Mne of defense we*sf of the MMIS*
find -f*M d.ovs of hittor fighting clear
ed the Germans out of Argonne forest
The German* were forced to abandon
the Chimin des Dares and to retreat
on a long 'ine from Laon as f: east
a* Arcomie.
Germany sent another note Pre
id*nt WMson on October 12. acrevtinc
the hitter's 14 peace principles and
urging the
presidentI
nropo
to transmit
itfs infill* I"*" 1 *r-iireil HP lliMI.-MIHI If
i for an armistice to the allies
Princsen Max assured th. president that
by. reason of constitutional chaiiire*:
the existing German government spoke
for the people. President WINon re
plied two days later, rejecting the Ger
man proposals, declaring that any arm
istice must be granted by the military
commanders and must guarantee'the
continued supremacy of the allied
arms. i
The answer of the allied armies to
the German peace proposals wj|| to
deliver still harder blows at the retir
ing enemy. In the north the Belgian
army, led by King Albert, eo-opprnt
lng with the British began to sweep"
the Germans from the Belgian coast.
On October 17 the Germans we're driv
en from Ostend and Bruges aid" the
British occupied _iJlle. Thp whole
west front was In motion. The allies
swept eastward through Belgium and
through, the, industrial regions of
France.
V*
Chancellor Max, on October 21, seut
another peace note to President .Wil
son, denying the charges that the Ger
mans had been guilty of atrocities on
land and sea. and again giving assur
ances that thp new government repre
sented the people of Germany. .Presi
dent Wilson replied two days-later,
agreeing to transmit the request for
an armistice to the allies, wr, *k
Italians Rout Austrians.
As this note was delivered the allies
were smashing the Germans at all
points on the "western front and on
October 24 the Italians launched a
great offensive aguinst the Austrians
on the Piave front, who within & few
days were in headlong flight with the
Italians In pursuit:' The Americans
continued to smash the Germans Ih vi
cious attacks west of the Meuse,
The month,of November ojeneid Wlth
the German"armies" facing utter'tirout,
the, armies of her allies completely
shattered and the end in sight.'Tur
key surrendered unconditionally to the
British and the Austrians begged for
an armistice, while their armies were
in full flight. The allied war council
at Versailles began to prepare th
terms to be submitted to the Germans.
The American First army smashed
the German lines at Grand Pre and
advanced seven miles west of the
Meuse as the enemy line cracked.
Austria-Hungary, on November 3,
accepted the armistice terms which
provided for unconditional surrender,
hostilities ceasing at three o'clock
November 4.
On November 5, President Wilson
notified Germany to apply to Marshal
Foch for terms, he having been in
formed that they had been prepared
by the allied war council.::
German envoys were appointed and
approached the allied lines but in the
meantime the allied armies did not
lessen the pressure they were exert
ing on the enemy. The Americans,
having inflicted a severe defeat on
the enemy, clearing the whole front be
tween the Meuse and the Aisne, rapid
ly advanced toward Sedan, cutting the
vital communications between Metz
and the long, German line extending
to the north. The Germans, as a result
of the American advance, faced the
'necessity of undertaking a general re
treat to save their armies from being
cut off.
On November 9 the kaiser abdicat
ed and the crow^n prince renounced
his claims to the throne. The govern
ment of Germany passed into the con
trol of the social democrats and
Herr Ebert was made chancellor. The
kaiser fled to Holland and was per
mitted to remain there by the Dutch
authorities. At the same time vari
ous other German princes abdicated
and soldiers and workmen's councils
sprang into existence at many points.
Germans Sign' Armistice.
On November 11 the German* en
voys signed the armistice which
amounted practically to unconditional
Surrender. Under the terms of the
armistice Germany agreed to evacu
ate all, invaded territory and retire
behind the Rhine, the allies to follow
and hold all important' crossings of
the Rhine. The Germans agreed to
surrender the greater part of their
navy and thousands of heavy guns
and airplanes, rendering them unable
to renew hostilities.
The armistice became effective at
11 a. m., Paris time, November 11.
Thus the great world war virtually
came to an end, although technically
it will end 'only with the signing of
the peace treaty.
With the cessation of hostilities
revolution spread through Germany
and Austria. Emperor Charles of
Austria abdicated and a people's gov
ernment was set up.
Field Marshal von Hindenburg re
mained in supreme command of the
German armies and began to direct
the retirement of the Germans in ac
cordance with the terms of the armis
tice.
Carrying out the terms of the armis
tice the Germans surrendered 71 war
ships to the allies on November 21.
Conditions were very unsettled in
Germany during the closing weeks of
the year, the socialist government ap
parently sharing power with the sol
diers and workmen's councils. Plans
were under discussion for the sum
moning of a constituent "assembly to
determine the future character of the
government but activities of the rad
ical socialistic element under the lead
ership of Herr Llebknecht threatened
to disrupt the entire former empire.
On November 29 President Wilson
announced that he would head the
American delegation to the peace
conference and that the other dele
gates would be Secretary of State
Lansing, Col. E. M. House. Henry
White, former ambassador to France,
and Gen. Tasker H. Bliss, United
States military representative on the
supreme war council. The president,
accompanied by the other peace dele
gates and a large party of assistants,
sailed for France December 4.
President Wilson arrived at Brest
December 13 and proceeded to P^ris,
where he was given an enthusiastic re
ception. He at once entered into con
ference with the allied leaders, in prep
aration for the opening of the peace
conference In January. A|
British. French. American and Bel
gian armies of occupation advanced
into Germany as the Germans retired
in accordance with the armistice, the
allied armies reaching the Rhine dur
Ing the early days of December.. ,|pT-
S DOMESTIC AFFAIRS^ A
$
Practically evely phase of American
life felt the dominating influence of
war. throughout the year 1918. \i
In the field of national legislation
woman's suffrage and' nation-wide pro
hibition were urged as war measures.
The'%
woman's suffrage amendment
was defeated in the senate October 1,
after having passed the- house. A
nation-wide prohibition measure/" to
become effective June SO, 1919. was
enacted by congress and approved by
the president November 22. On Sep
tember 6 President Wilson had or
dered the manufacture of malt liquor
stopped on December 1, ,asa food
conservation measure. ,/,/'y
The government, early in the year,
began to tighten its control over indus
try and business for the purpose of
furthering war efforts and protecting
the public. On January 16, to relieve
serious coal shortage which threatened
to delay the shipment of war supplies
tp France, Fuel.Administrator Garfield
ordered a general shutdown of Indus
try and business In. all stales'.east of
the Mississippi river for a period of
five days and ten succeeding Mondays.
On February 13 the order for heat|
Mondays wap jre^clnd^^w^
Congress Increased the safeguards*
thrown about war industries by pass
ing the "sabotage" bill, carrying pen
alties of $10,000 fine and 30 years' Im
prisonment for destruction of war ma
terials or interference with war indus
tries. President Wilson signed this
measure on April 20. The government
also prosecuted vigorously many per
sons accused of violation of the espion
age act On August 17, 100 members
of the I. W. W. were convicted of dis
loyalty in the federal court at Chicago,
after a trial lasting several months,'
Government control of the railroads
was followed during this year by gov
ernment control of all telegraph and
telephone lines. Congress on July 13
authorized the president to take con
trol of the wires and the government
assumed control on July 31. On No
vember 17, the government also took
control of all Atlantic cable lines.|i||
The first general election since the
United States entered the war was
held on November 5. The Republicans
wonboth houses of congress, the sen
ate by a majority of two and the
house by a margin of-m0re than forty.
^During September, October and No
vember the entire country was swept
by a serious epidemic of Spanish In
fluenza. Thousands of soldiers in the
army camps and other thousands of
civilians succumbed theret and" to
pneumonia. 'iV
.--/'1.^"^o
The country wak surprised on No
vember 22 by the resignation of Wil
liam G. McAdoo as secretary of the
treasury and director general of the
railroads. Representative Carter Glass
of Virginia was named to succeed Mr.
McAdoo as secretary of the treasury
December 5.
On November 28 Governor Stephens
of California commuted to life impris
onment the death sentence of Thomas
J. Mooney, convicted in connection
with the death of ten persons from a
bomb explosion in San Francisco dur
ing a preparedness parade July 22,
1918,-v,
Plan for making the United States
navy second to that of no other coun
try for 1925 were disclosed to congress
by Rear Admiral Badger, chairman of
the executive committee of the genera?
board of the navy December 12.
FOREIGN
The map of Europe was being re
made as the year 1918 came to a close.
The Czecho-SIovak republic was al
ready in existence before the close of
the war, having been recognized as an
independent belligerent government by
the United States, Great Britain,
France and Italy, but the coming of
peace saw the formal establishment of
this new gov^rnInent at Prague. The
end of the war also practically assured
the rising of a great new Poland, made
up of most, if not all, of the territory
divided up years ago among'Germany,
Austria and Russia. Finland threw
off the shackles placed upon her by
Russia and out of the turmoil of civil
war emerged as a free and independent
nation. The peoples of other .smaller
subject states asserted their independ
ence.
Civil war continued to threaten the
new republic of China throughput the
year. Hsu Shih Chang, was elected
president of the republic on Septem
her 6 and during the next few months
reports indicated a possibility of an
agreement being reached between the
northern and southern sections of the
country.
Peru and Chile were reported on the
brink of war during the closing weeks
of the year. The trouble between
these countries was an outgrowth of
the nitrate war of years ago in which
Chile won Taona and Arica.
Dr. Sidonia Paes, president of Por
tugal, was shot and killed at Lisbon.
December 15. The assassin was killed
by the crowd that witnessed the crime.
Two days later Admiral Canto Y. Cas
tro was elected president of Portugal
On December 16 the Finnish diet
elected General Mannerheim regent ol
Finland: 'V-
A''si'''
-J^ LABOR AMD'INDUSTRY'
i "'Labor unrest, resulting in many
strikes, threatened to seriously ham
per the government's war preparations
early in the year but through a spirit
of co-operation shown by both labor
and capital the danger was averted and
there was little labor trouble during
the greater part of the year.
^During the early days of the yeai
disaffection appeared among the work
ers in the shipyards and by February
12 the situation had assumed a serious
aspect with strikes in e.Tect in five
yards. By February 16 the strike had
spread still further In spite of an ad
vance in wages announced by the la
bor adjustment board.
On February 17. President Wilson,
In a letter to William L. Hutcheson,
head of the United Brotherhood of Car
penters and Joiners, concerning the
ship carpenters' strike, denied the right
of labor to strike at that critical junc
ture. "Will you co-operate or will you
obstruct?" the president asked. The
workmen responded to the president's
appeal and the, strike was declared off.
At the same time Secretary of Labor
Wilson announced the personnel of a
national board of labor, to be com
posed of representatives of both labor
and capital. On February 24 this board
opened a conference for the purpose of
establishing a basis for the settlement
of disputes during the war. Former
President "William H. Taft, chosen by
the employers, and Frank P. Walsh,
selected by the labor organizations, al
ternated as chairman. This confer
enee. on March 20, reached an agree
ment pr6viding that all labor disputes
arising during the war should be sub
mitted to a Jn-ir.l of mediation. This
lively few strikes occurred during
remainder of the year.
1
t(l by both enj.
DISASTERS
Fires, railroad accidents and explo
sions took a heavy toll of hum^n life
on land during the year 1918 while ti|e
elements combined with the torpedoes fk
of the German U-boats to send thon
sands of innocent persons, including
women and children, to their death/at
sea. Tg
Fifty-two children met death In"41
fire which destroyed a convent'at Mon
treal, Canada, February 14. February
24 the liner Florizel, bound from St^
Johns, N.F., to New York, was
wrecked by a blizzard near Cape Race
and 92 lives were lost.
Seventy inmates of an insane asylum -,v-a,
at Norman, Okla., were killed in a fire
which destroyed that institution April i
13. sJLt
On May 1 the Savannah liner City o,f I,
Athens was sunk in a collision with a^'Jc
French cruiser off the Delaware coast
and 66 lives were lost. On May 18
nearly a hundred persons were killed
b'y explosions in the Aetna Chemical
P^ant near Pittsburgh, Pa.
Sixty-three persons, including well-,
'"known circus performers, perished
when a circus train w-as wrecked at
Gary, Ind., June 22. Fifty persons were
killed by the collapse of a building at
Sioux City, la., June 29.0''S. l$ ?g $4
A small factory explosion in England||
killed .50 persons July 1 and on the tol-W?~,
lowing day an explosion in a munitions^
plant near Syracuse, N. Y., killed 16.
Eighty-five merrymakers "perished
when an excursion boat sank in the
Illinois river July 5. A hundred per
sons were killed in a collision between^
two trains near Nashville^.^Tenn.,*
July 9. vm
A tornado swept a part of Minnesota^
August 21, killing 50 persons at Tylerlv
and Connors. PX
On October 6 the United States trans-gj* i
port Otranto was sunk in collision off$**'
the Irish coast and 450 persons losti^
their lives. Four hundred were lost?
when the British mail boat Leinster
va* torpedoed and sunk October 10.
A series of terrific explosions in a
shell-loading plant at Morgan, N. J 1
on October 3 killed 94 persons and de
stroyed a vast amount of property. A
severe earthquake which caused the
death of 150 persons was reported in
Porto-Rico October 11. Great forest
fires raged in northeastern Minnesota
during October. Many towns were de
stroyed and about 1,000 lives were lost.
On October 25 the steamship Princess
Sophia was wrecked on the Alaskan
coast and 343 were lost.
Ninety-eight persons were killed No
vember 1 in a wreck on the Brooklyn
Rapid Transit lines. On November 21,
about 1,500 persons were reported
killed by the explosion of German mu
nition trains en route from Belgium to.
Germany.
One., of the most unusual cases in
maritime history was that of the
United States navy collier Cyclops,
which disappeared at sea while bound
from the West Indies to an America^
Atlantic port. Announcement was"
made April 14 that the boat, with 293
persons on board, was a month over
due. Not a single trace of the boat
or its passengers and crew was ever
found, and the fate of the vessel Is a^
complete mystery.
4
NECROLOGYSt .JSfc
Death took a heavy toll among men
and women prominent in public ^life
during the year 1918. The list in
cludes the following: Sfv|S
January 13, United States Senator
James H. Brady of Idaho January 14**
Maj. A. P. Gardner, former congress^
man from Massachusetts, who re-,
signed to enter the army January 30,,
United States Senator William Hughes
of New Jersey.
February 2, John L. Sullivan, former
heavyweight champion, at West Abing
ton, Mass. February 10, Abdul Hamid,
former sultan of Turkey February
14, Sir Cecil Spring-Rice, former Brit
Ish ambassador to America.
March 6, John Redmond, Irish Na
tionalist leader, at London March 9."
George von L. Meyer, former cabinet
member and diplomat, at Boston.
April 12, United States Senator^
R. F. Broussard of Louisiana April 14^*"3
United States Senator William JoeV*
Stone of Missouri, vd" ~-t
May 14, James Gordon Bennett, pro
prietor of the New York Herald, at
Paris.
June 3, Ramon M. Valdex, president?
of Panama June 4, Charles Warren
Fairbanks, former vice president, at
Indianapolis.
July 3. Mohammed V, sultan of Tu
key Viscount Rhondda, British fbodj
controller, and United States Senatoi
Benjamin R. Tillman of South Caro-j
Una July 27, Gustav Kobbe, American!
author and critic.
August 8. Max Rosenthal, famous!
artist, at Philadelphia August -12.|
Anna Held, famous actress, at New
York August 17. United States Sena
tor Jacob H. Gallinger of New Ham
shire: August 28. United States
tor oilie M. James of Kentucky.
September 17, Cardinal John M. f&r-
ley. archbishop of New York Sep!
her 25. John Ireland. _Catholl
bishop of St. Paul.
October 25, Charie* Lecocq.F
composer.
November^. Mrs.-RusseirSase,-a.
ow of famous financier, at New
Dr.-Andrew White, noti^d-eriucajb,
diplomat: November S. Robert
Her. editor and publisher
15. Gen. H. ('.King, soldlei
thar. jn New York: Noveni
C. R. Vap.Hb\ president of Un!vl
of -Wisconsin Joseph J*'. $mJth\ i,i
dent of Mormon church. ,'4' _.
December 2. Edmond' Rosri
mous French playwright and flO#p*
(Copyright. 1918. by McClurc
,v#.
Svsrfttoatoi^