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THE REVOLUTION. Jin Interesting Sketch of the Revolution and its Prin cipal Figures. How the New Republic Was -Established by Fonseca rand His Troops. "Rio Janeiro, Special.—All the pensions by the imperial government have been confirmed by the provisional govern aient, and an order has been issued that they be paid out of the revenues. A decree will be issued shortly making numerous changes •in Uie personnel of the government office > holders and naming the officials who have been appointed to succeed those who will ‘he removed. The greater number of ■officials who served under the «aiperor have announced their al legiance to the new government. An ovation was given to the ministers of Uruguay and the Argentine Republic last niglii upon their recognition of the re public. The Brazilian parliament, under ‘the new government, will meet early in December to elect a president of the re public. THE REPUBLIC NOT RECOGNIZED, ’Wammngton, Special.—Referring to a cablegram from Brazil that the United States had instructed Minister Adams to recognize the provisional government, an official of the state department said to day that the situation remains as it was a few days ago. Minister Adams sus tains amicable relations with the provisonal government, but formal recognition is a thing of the future. The All-Americas con ference committee on credentials has con sidered the credentials of the Brazilian delegation at Washington, and it is gath ered there will be no objection to ijs admis sion on Monday. TIIE NEW BRAZILIAN FLAG. Dondon, Special—The haste of the vari ous powers to send naval vessels to Rio Ja adro, notwithstanding the reports that everything in the new republic is peaceful, 'would indicate that they have greater faith in their own abil ity to protect their respective interests in Brazil than they have in the ability of the new government to protect itself. Nobody now doubts that the em pire is a thing of the past, but not every body will yet believe that the republic has come to stay, at least not without hard fighting to escape the dan gers of anarchy and disintegra tion. The news received from Lisbon late last night indicated that the reports representing danger of a revolution in Xtortngal were greatly exaggerated and based merely on the vaporings ofirresponsi !ble persons thrown off their mental balance r by heated discussion of the Brazilian situa tion. PROTECTION Or GERMANY. Berlin, Special.—Hope is generally ex pressed here that in the event of .the Brazilian states becoming split mp, the 200.000 Germans in Southern 'Brazil will ask Germany for protection. It is • not improbable that attempts will be made, with assistance of the colonial party in Germany, to secure the partial if not the eomple&e independence of the German set . tiers rn Brazil, whether the states disinteg rate or not. THE BRAZILIAN BOULANGER. The Establishment of the New Bra zilian Government by Fonseca and His T roops. The civil and military revolution in Brazil, which has resulted in the deposition of Emperor Dom Pedro 11. and the estab lishment of a provincial republic, is one ol (he most remarkable national transitions •THE DEPOBED MONARCH. -eif the present century. It may yet prove by far the most notable event that has oocnrred on the western hemisphere since - the proclamation of the American republic and the downfall of Maximilian in Mexico. It has been fortunately unattended, as far as learned, by those scenes of riot and bloodshed that are the usual accompani .xnents of violent changes of government. At the outset it would seem surprising -that there should be a revolution in Brazil pt all. The strength of the Republican party, when tested in the recent elections, was apparently insignificant. They suc ceeded in returning a few members to the . chamber of deputies, but only after a second 'ballot, the Liberal leaders being in a ma jority in the ministry and having the legis lature with them overwhelmingly. So closely did the character of the government approximate to what might be expected under a republic, and so liberal had been ffc* whole tendency of the administration -.during the fifty-eight years of Dom Pedro's that the people were generally be ilieved to be satisfied with things as they . vcn . Indeed, there was in Brazil a faction .yiinUg the wealthier classes so strongly conservative that they even blamed the emperor for his ultra-liberalism and pro gressive ideas. ,But while Brazil, with its population of rweariy. 11,000,000, was already a republic in . everything toot the name, Dom Pedro and his advisers could not fail to ob serve that there were canses at work that threatened the downfall of his government at any moment. The real revolution had been slumbering for many years before a single blow was struck. When the moment arrived a Boulanger was ready. The press of Brazil, and notably that of Rio, Para and THE EX-EMTRESS OF BRAZIL. Bahia, had been openly republican. Re peatedly and recently they had called upon the emperor to abdicate; called in no rebell ious spirit, nor did they at any time en deavor to excite the people to deeds of violence. The demand was made in the name oi the people, whom they declared to be republican at heart. In this crusade against the Braganza dynasty the Gazeta de Novicias, the Diario and the Paix were most prominent. The emperor and his min isters were aware of the strength of the movement and of the fact that the press represented the popular sentiment. When Princess Isabella, acting as regent during the absence of Dom Pedro a year ago, signed the decree emancipating the slaves, it fell like a ruinous blow upon many of the planters. Their crops were de stroyed and their losses were almost be yond computation. The wholesale manu mission took nlHce at a time when it was impossible to secure the help necessary for the harvest, and the freed negroes could not be induced to work. Further, the govern ment did not propose any scheme for the indemnification of those who sustained losses by the sudden liberation, and the re sult was an agricultural depression and dis content that hastened the crisis. The fail ure of the crops produced results that were not confined to the farming and plantation districts; widespread misery among the poor of Bahia, Rio, and other centers of population followed. So strongly was the emperor impressed with the general dissatisfaction that, some time ago, he expressed the opinion to a con fidential minister that the hours of his gov ernment were numbered. It is less than a year ago since the Count d’Eu, husDand of the Crown Princess Isabella, declared that as far as the Braganzas were concerned,they were willing to forego their claim to the succession to the throne in the event of the death of Dom Pedro, if the people of the country should at any time decide by a popular election that they preferred a re public to the reigning monarchy. No such admission could have been wrung from the RIO JANEIRO FROM THE BAY crown princess herself. Isabella is a woman of great resolution and opposed on many occasions the reforms that were demanded by the people and which the emperor him self stood ready to grant. It was undoubt edly largely owing to her unpojmlarity that the republicans were bold enough to predict confidently the ultimate abolition of monarchy in Brazil. The late election brought the climax of the national dissatisfaction. Before the struggle began the strength of the Republi cans was undisputed, and the government resorted to strategy to prevent the return of Republican deputies. In a number of tricts martial law was established, and the polling places were in the hands of the ad ministrative party. There were no serious protests, and, indeed, protests would have been futile, for the troops were everywhere and were prepared for such a contingency. So the moment to strike was deferred till after the battle at the polls. On a second ballot a few Republican deputies were al lowed to be declared elected. This sup pression of the suffrages of the people was the last notable act of the monarchical gov ernment of Brazil. The story of the revolution has already been told in the telegraphic dispatches, al though details which would throw light on much that is now unexplained are still want ing. After the election the popular discon tent steadily increased. Republican leaders were waiting an opportunity to strike. Some time ago, foreseeing the danger, the govern ment announced its intention of reorganiz ing the national guard and placing it upon a footing that would have made it greatly superior in numbers and eqnipment to the regular troops. The national guard, which had been disbanded and partially disarmed, had been in times past the mainstay of the empire. It was then nearly five hundred thousand strong, and comprised many wealthy young Brazilian plant ers, business men, merchants and' property owners. The proposed reorgani zation was bitterly opposed by the officers of the regular army, and by none more resolutely than by Gen. da Fonseca, mil itary commander of the province of Minas Gertas. Fonseca, with a very large major ity of the troops, was republican at heart. The leaders took counsel and it was decided to anticipate the reorganization of the na tional guard, even if it became necessary to seize and overthrow the existing govern ment. In the meantime it was not difficult to arrange an understanding between the civil republican leaders and the troops to act in concert when the moment arrived. So confident were the lormer of tfie entire success of the projected coup that they had a number of new flags manufactured in the dty of Rio, on which the Brazilian crown was replaced by a Phrygian cap—the sym bol of liberty. The flag contains nineteen stars on a blue ground. At the first indication of the revolutionary programme being carried out. the Brazilian navy was ordered by Baron Ladario, min- isterot marine, to be in readiness for in stant service. A single naval vessel would have wiped oat the revolutionists at the outset; but they did not propose to be so quickly disposed of. Baron Ladario, who is about fifty-two years of age and a vigor ous and fearless commander, could be de pended on to sustain the imperial govern ment. On the 14th inst. the crisis seems to have arrived. Telegraphs, postQffices and the principal buildings in Rio were seized by the regular troops, who were 4,500 strong at the capital. The emperor and his house hold were at his summer palace, Petropolis, a short distance from the city, and thither a “detachment of troops were sent by Gen. de Fonseca to make him a prisoner. The cabinet, too, were placed under arrest. Those of the citizens who did not sympathize with the revolutionists were so overawed by the suddenness of the stroke that they seemed unable to com prehend the situation, and they kept in doors. Business was at a standstill. Baron Ladario, while endeavoring vainly to stem the torrent of rebellion, was shot at and severely wounded by one of the troops. So well was the plan of the rebels conceived and executed that the naval ships in harbor were unable to render any aid to the gov ernment. There was not, as far as learned, any serious rioting or disturbance accom panying the rising. The city once secured, a consultation ot the republican leaders was held and a provisional government was organized, the selections being made alto gether by the military, as the people were still too much alarmed to unite in the movement and held aloof. The temporary republican cabinet was as follows: Presi- count d’eu. dent, Didorio da Fonseca; minister of the interior, Aristide Loba; minister of foreign affairs, Equintin Bocayura; minister of finance, Dr. Barboza; minister of justice, Campos Salles; minister of war, Benjamin Constant; minister of marine, Admiral Vanderholtz; minister of agriculture, Demitris Ribero. Following rapidly upon the heels of this step, caine the expatriation of the emperor and his household—the exile of the Bragan zas who had held the Brazilian throne for the better part of a century. On being in formed of his deposition, the old emperor bowed to the will of fate and complied with the nundate oi the provisional government to quit the country in twenty-four hours. With his whole household he started the following morning (Noy. 17) on the steam packet Alagoas for Lisbon, being accompa nied down the bay of Rio and out to sea by the Brazilian ironclad Riachuelo. It was promised by the new government, condi tionally, that the exiled ruler should have an allowance and that all debts contracted in behalf of the Brazilian government should be liquidated. For the rest, it seems to be the desire of the people of Brazil to give the new regime a fair test. Should it prove unsatisfactory, and should the Brazil ians decide to reorganize the national guard to crush the rebellion and re-establish the empire, bloody days may be in store for the youngest of the Western republics. The story of the Braganzas is one of the most picturesque in history. Originally usurpers, they have held the Portuguese throne for 250 years. Dom Pedro de Alar eantara, the deposed emperor of Brazil, was a child of six when his father, Dom Pedro 1., was compelled by the revolution of 1831 to abdicate. When, in 1808, the condition of affairs in Portugal drove the Braganzas out of that country, they fled to Rio. In Brazil they seized the opportunity to es tablish themselves and at the same time to CROWN PRINCESS ISABELLA. find favor with the Portuguese throne, the result being that, in 1815, Brazil became a part oi the kingdom of Portugal. In 1821 Joao VI. returned to Portugal, and next year Brazil became independent. In that year Dom Pedro I. was crowned and held the reins till unseated by the rising of 1831. It was not till 1841, however, that Pedro 11., then a mere lad of sixteen, ascended the throne, the government being meanwhile administered by a regent. Two years after his coronation he married Teresa Christina Maria, the daughter of King Francis of Sicily. One daughter, the Countess d’Eu, was the fruit of the union. Dom Pedro’s ifeign has been marked throughout by progressive measures, and under him the country developed and prospered. Trade and commerce of every description increased rapidly; 1,500 miles of railroad were built; 4,500 miles of telegraph completed; 1,200 poxtoffices opened; free public schools established and other re* forms instituted. Ohe of the most notable acts was the manumission of the slaves. For many generations negroes have formed a large proportion of the population ot Brazil, outnumbering even the creoles, the Mamlucos and the Tupi Guvani, or aborig inal Indian stock of coppery-skinned na tives who inhabit the forests and plains of the interior. In 1871 the government passed an act declaring that all children born to slaves after that date should be free, and at the same time gave freedom to the slaves in the household of the emperor, and pro vided an emancipation fund for the ulti mate liberation of the slaves owned by private persons. Emancipation progressed rapidly. The importation of slaves had been stopped since 1853, and sinoe that time up to the signing of the act of last year by Princess Isabella as regent, one million had been manumitted. Prior to the reign of the ministry headed by Senhor Cotegipe, in March, 1888, the abolitionists were badly prosecuted by the Conservatives and slave holders. Senhors de Patrocinio and Nabuco, and Senators Dantar and Prado were undismayed by these hostilities and persevered in urging abolition. Prado pushed the measure with such success that it passed both houses in May, 1888, and was at once promulgated by the princess-regent. It was while Dom Pedro was absent in Europe visiting London, Paris, Florence, Brussels and Rome, that the emancipation for which he had labored half a lifetime took place. Immediately a tumult of joy seized the nation, the planters alone re maining sullen. They had reason to re gret the act, for their crops suffered, the coffee brought to market was inferior and their plantations became unprofitable. It was some time before the native product again took the lead, but up to the present day the planters never forgave the govern ment for depriving them nf their negro labor. The emperor’s European tour and his visit to this country are still remembered. He impressed Americans as a man of broad intelligence and progressive ideas, and one who had the full support of his people at that time. Cultured, a fine linguist, a giant in stature (being six feet four inches in height), his sixty-three years did not seem to weigh very heavily upon him. The recent troubles, however, have shaken him severely. In remarkable contrast to her venerable and mild-looking sire is the Princess Isa bella, the one picturesque figure in this na tional drama. She is a woman who, in almost any sphere of action, would make her influence felt. Strong, self-reliant, with her mind trained to matters of state and to dealings with diplomats, she has been the foremost advocate of all the progressive movements in Brazil for the last ten years or more. She is not a beautiful woman, but her face shows intellectual strength and force of character. She is now forty-three years of age, a thorough politician, a bit o a Bluestocking, an enthusiast on the sub ject of human freedom, a strict Roman Catholic and partisan of the church, a lib eral in principle and practice, and as posi tive in her temperament as her father is the reverse. Knowing these traits of the heir presumptive, the Brazilians felt that with Isabella on the throne there would be a stronger hand at the helm of state than that of the old emperor, and a mind that could not be coerced as he had been at times into consenting to measures that strengthened the Republicans. Isabella was married in 864 to Prince Gaston of Orleans, the Comte D’Eu, who, had his wife become empress, would have occupied the position of prince consort merely, and would in any event have had little share in the responsibilities of government, which would have been solely in the hands of his energetic spouse. Of the men who compose the new govern ment comparatively little is known. Senor Bocayura, the minister of foreign affairs, is a journalist who has been foremost in his advocacy of the republic, and is the ablest member of his party, but does not believe in violent measures. Senor Barboza, who THE PAIjA'IE OF P’ETRDPOI.IS. has the finance portfolio, was a member o* the chamber of chepnties. He is a lawyer, orator and writer,, and was an active eman cipationist. Senor Constant, the new min ister of war, is also a journalist, and a pro fessor in the polytechnic institntc. Field Marshal Gen. Didorio da Fonseca, upon whose shoulders rests the main responsi bility of the new regime, is one of the most popular army officers in the nation, and a tried and gallant soldier. He was punished recently for insubordination. Like hispro totype Boulanger, his picturesque person ality stands out in the present crisis with a degree of prominence that overshadows his associates. During the trouble last year j between Paraguay and Bolivia Brazil stood neutral, and Gen. da Fonseca waa ! dispatched to the point of danger with a strong army corps to guard the national in terests. He was at the same time appointed governor of the involved province of Matte Grosso, which he held until the crisis had passed. He is about forty-five years of age, of hire commanding presence, immensely popular with the army and a military leader possessing both dash and courage. This is the leader, hitherto unknown to the world outside ot Brazil, whom the fortunes of war have pushed to the front as the pro jector of a successful rebellion and the founder of the new South American repub lic. Aristide Lobo, the new minister of the interior, is a Republican lawyer; about fifty eight yaars old, and has long been active in politics. He has been a member of the chamber of deputies, and has contributed frequently to the pronounced republican press. Admiral Vanderholtz, who replaces Baron Ladario as minister of marine, has spent a lifetime in the Brazilian navy. About Demitris Ribero, the new minister of agriculture, nothing definite is known. Baron Ladario, who seems to have been the only sufferer by violence during the recent troubles, is well known in this coun try, and served at one time in the United States navy under his family name of Jose Costa da Ayevedo. He was then about thirty years old. He afterward returned to Brazil and entered the Service of the em peror, where his ability won him the high est rank in the navy. He visited this coun try again during the centennial exposition in 1876. He was then In command of the corvette Nichteroy, He is now about fifty five years of age. STEPHEN JOHNSON FIELD. Associate Justice of The United States Supreme Court. The name of Judge Field through his persecution and persanal assault by Ex-Judge David S. Terry, and the killing of the latter by A. S. Marshal David Nagle, has become familiar to every newspaper reader in the United States. Justice Field was born at Haddam, Conn., in 1816. While he was an in fant the family removed to Stock bridge, Mass. At thirteen he was in vited by a relative living in the East to visit him, and accordingly spent considerable time in Asia Minor. He was graduated at Williams College in 1837, and then read law with his brother, David Dudley Field, in New York. In the year 1849 he removed to California and was elected first al calde of Marysville in 1850. The same year he was elected to the leg islature of California. In 1857 he touk his seat as Judge of the Supreme Court of California. Two years after ward he became its Chief Justice. He was made an Associate Justice ofthe Supreme Court of the United States, by President Lincoln, March 10, 18G3. How Fortune Came. A few years ago a pleasant, genial old gentleman called at one of the city banks and requested an intro duction to one the junior clerks. The clerk, who had noticed the strang er and seen him enter the manager’s room, was startled by a summons to go inside. Once inside the mana ger’s room, the clerk found himself face to face with the stranger. The visit or immediately broke the ice by say ing that had the pleasure to an nounce that by the death of an uncle, and in consequence of the death several other relatives, this young gentleman was heir to a baronetcy. Hardly believing his ears, the clerk summoned up enough presence of mind to ask if it was an empty title. The visitor immediately and blandly informed him that his income was at least £IO.OOO a years, with £50,000 at a bank upon current account. It has since been ascertained that the income is not less than £16,000 a year. The owner of a very valuable pair of trousers was lately advertized for in the French papers by the honest finder of the same, who allowed the individual to whom they belonged fifteen days in which to come for ward. After this delay he stated he would consider himself justified in profiting by this strange windfall, which, as he was in poor circum stances and about to be married, would be very serviceable to him. On the Place de la Concorde he stated that he saw one evening a dark object on the ground, which he first took to be a sleeping dog. On closer inspection, however, he discov ered his mistake, and picked up the garment then in his possession. He took the trousers with bim on board a boat which he owned, and on passing them In review noticed that the buttons seemed different from ordinary ones. Prompted by curi osity. be undid the cloth that cov ered them, and found, instead, of wooden molds, gold pieces. Carry ing his investigations further, he came across some bank notes stitched; into the waistband with other papers of value. Stories of extraordinary windfall* are so frequently due to an effort of the imagination that we may be excused for receiving them with: a considerable amount of reserve; Elizabeth Scott w'as found by the police in 1875 lying on the floor of her back kitchen. She had been dead, apparently, for about a week, por tions of her hands having been eaten by rats. It was stated that al though the deceased, who was seven ty-two years of age. and lived in Lon don, who was in possession of up ward of £IO,OOO in consols, produc ing an income* of £4BO a year, she never associated with any one; and a search through the house resulted in sums of £B2 in gold and £47 in silver being found secreted in little bags beneath the mattresses of the bed. For many years she had been leading a miserly existence- It was stated that she had left no will, and had only two cousins living in Scot land.—Chamber’s Journal. Bine ointment and kerosene, mix ed in equal proportions and applied to bedsteads, is as unfailing a reme dy, as a coat of whitewash is lor the walls of a log house. EUGENIE’S TRIALS. Incidents In Her Life as Related by "a Lady In Waiting.” After her betrothal to the Prince Regent, the Countess de Montijo quit ted France. She wore a plain gold ring on her finger, and a pin mounted with brilliants and emeralds. She had won it it a lottery organized by the emperor at Compiegne, and ever after wards, until the death of the emperor, she used to wear it every evening along with her other jewels whatever her attire might be. It will be interesting just to say here, says the Pall MalLGa zette, that a few years after the em peror’s death the empress put off some of her mourning lest she should sadden her son’s youth. However, she woro no colored jewelry, but having looked upon this first present of the emperor as a pledge of their future happiness, a superstitious illusion in regard to it became firmly fixed in her mind. On the departure of the Prince Imperial for Zululand the empress wore the “trefoil of emeralds” until June 19. But after the death of her son she lost all faith in human hope, and on one occasion, when the Duchess de Mouchy was paying the- empress a visit, the latter gave her this jewel. “I have regarded it for a long time as a fortunate talisman,” said she; “It is my dearest relic. Ido not wish, it to be cast aside! Look upon it every evening as a souvenir of us, and may it be t,o you a token of happiness and of loving friendship.” No provision had been made in this splendid palace of the Tuileries, which was jo vast and so magnificent, to give it the appearance of a home. When Louis XIV. and Marie Antoinette had occupied it in 1789 a few hasty provisions of this kind had been made, but they had always remained imper fect. With the exception of the large rooms, all the interior communication were in darkness, and it was neces sary, summer and winter alike, to have lighted lamps on the small stair cases and in the corridors. As soon as spring came the heat and want of ventilation became very painful now, notwithstanding the beautiful display of the chestnut trees in the garden, we all hailed with joy the time for our de parture to Saint-Cloud of Fontaine bleau. On one occasion the Empress re ceived from a young girl two turtle doves in a cage, and she was the more willing to accept this singular present because of the touching simplicity with which it was offered. Six monthsafter a letter was sent to the Empress asking what the writer might be placed in her service. It was to the following effect: “It is 1,. Madame, who made you a present of the turtle-doves and which you have accepted; As you love the birds, you may require a guardian for them. I would take great care of them.” The Empress always quitted the grand balls at the Tuileries rather tired and very often did. not even take time to call her maida Before entering her cabinet she would remove her crown and jewels, the weight of which fa tigued her, and put them pcle-mele into my dress, which I held out in front of me for the purpose. I was. always afraid lest I should lose some of these precious stones by coveying them in this manner, for many of themi repre sented a fortune. The Empress ordered some of the Crown diamonds to be mounted for her ordinary wear. Many of them? had a history attached to them. Among oth ers a yellow diamond, big as a small nut, mounted itn a comb with) other whiter stones, was swallowed by an in surgent in 1844, during the pillage of the Tuileries. The cut facets of the diamond produced internal disorders, and the unfortunate man died in: great pain, confessing his larceny. At the post-mortem examination the diamond was found. It was the largest of tho Crown diamonds and when the Empress became acquainted with this fact later, it caused her to remove it. The Seeds of Anger. Tommy: “Doesn’t it say in tlie bible that ‘A soft answer turneth away wrath,’ mamma?” Mamma: “Yes, dear.” “I don’t believe.it anyhow.” “Why, dear?” “1 shouted at Billy Buckeye today and he answered, me with, a soft tomato and I’ve been, mad clear through ever since.” A Square Point Tommy: “I wish the school-room was round.” Mother: “Why?” “So the teacher couldn't make me stand in the corner.” Wanted it Cooked. Papa started to wash little Elsie’s hands in cold water, but she drew back, exclaiming: “Papa, I want the water cocked.” How It Is Done. “That beastly tailor of mine is be coming awfully pressing,” said De Jinks. “How shall I stave him off?” “As you haven’t any money,” replied Merritt, “the best thing for you to do is to give him an order for another suit.” Ho Hurry. Young bird (on a tree): “There comes a hunter. We’d better fly away. ” Old bird: “No hurry- He’s got to climb a fence before he gets to us, and his gun will probably oatch in a rail and shoot him. They most always do.” *