St. Paul daily globe. [volume], February 16, 1894, Page 5, Image 5

About St. Paul daily globe. [volume] (Saint Paul, Minn.) 1884-1896

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EARLY JOURNALISM.
Historical Sketch of Minne
sota Newspaper Work.
MEN WHO MADE THE STATE.
fhe First Paper Ever Printed
on Minnesota Soil.
JAMES M. GOODHUE, EDITOR.
The Dawn of the Daily Paper
and Its Vicissitudes.
FIRST ST. PAUL TELEGRAM.
The Dailies Have a Row With
the Telegraph Company.
£ GREAT SELL PERPETRATED.
interesting" Facts on Rise and
Progress of Minnesota
Journalism.
(Paper read by H. P. Hall before the Min
nesota Mate Editorial association at Minne
apolis, Feb. 15, i Si* : . 1
To the President and Members of the
State Editorial Association:
The topic, "Early Journalism in
Minnesota," which has been assigned
to me, is so prolific that, while it
might not be very difficult to
begin at the beginning, it is de
cidedly difficult to determine the
scope of such a paper, and when and
where to stop. All this Northwest is so
closely interwoven with journalism,
long prior even to Minnesota statehood,
that to write its history is to write the his
tory of the rise and progress of one of the
greatest commonwealths in the nation.
In researching, 1 nave been almost ap
palled at the magnitude of the task be
fore me, and soon became entirely satis
fied that it was impossible, within the
limits of a single paper, to make the
work complete. Death and the failure
to preserve data have placed beyond
reach much that would be of great
value, ami it is greatly to be regretted
that this work could not have been be
gun a quarter of a century ago, when
events were comparatively fresh in the
minds of the few now living, and when
those who are long since dead could
have furnished the information for a
record of invaluable data, the oppor
tunity for obtaining which is gone for
ever.
While the date of the issue of the. first
paper in Minnesota was a close race, the
Minnesota Pioneer was beyond and
above all others in being the first abso
utely printed on Minnesota soil. Its
first issue was Saturday, April 23, ISID,
and it was edited -and published by
James M. Goodhue. He had announced
in his prospectus that lie was going to
issue •the Epistle of St. Paul," and be
did. Ills paper was a sheet of six col
umns to the page, the columns fourteen
ems pica in width, and nineteen inches
ii. length. The term's were $2 in ad
vance, *±~>) it paid within the first six
months, aiid S3 at the end of the year.
The square was twelve lines of non
pareil, and the terms $1 for the first
insertion and 50 cents ror each addi
tional insertion. Business cards were
published at 65 a year, which was so
much cheaper than square rate it is
surprising that every one did not use a
business card instead of a square. The
motto which Mr. Goodhue flung to the
breeze at the head of the paper was:.
"'SOUND PRINCIPLES, SAFE MEN AND
MODERATE MEASURES..
His salutatory was headed, "The
Press in .Minnesota," and give three
brief paragraphs,- as follows:
"But little more than one week ago
we landed in St. Paul, among a crowd
of strangers, with the first printing
press that lias ever rested on the soil of
Minnesota." ■** * -»
"We shall steadily advocate the prin
ciples of morality, virtue and religion,
and seek for truth, without which
nothing is excellent."' "* * *
"In politics we design to have no con
cealments, but to embark in no ultra
isms. Our political relations to the
Union not only exempt us from the
necessity, but preclude us from the
propriety of enlisting in the great war
fare in national politics."
This was certainly quite a wise plat
form, as it made the original paper in
Minnesota devoted more to religion
than to polities, a devotion which, 1 am
happy lo say, ha?* largely characterized
the more modern newspaper work of
Minnesota. - '...*•.
CONTENTS OF THE FIRST ISSUE.
To show some of the vicissitudes
Anger which the paper started the ed
itor published this among his editorial
paragraphs:
"We print and issue this number of
the Pioneer in a building through which
out of doors is visible by more than OjO
apertures; and as for our type, it i.s
not safe from being pied on the galleys
by the wind."
It is curious to look over this first
issue of a paper printed en Minnesota
soil and see how far removed the world
at large wis from Minnesota at that
lime. Though the paper was dated
April 28,-: under the heading of "The
Very Latest News From California,"
was a San Francisco letter: to the Balti
more Clipper of Feb. 3. There was half
a column of foreign news, and, with
much shrewdness, no date was given,
and consequently it was impossible for
the reader to tell whether it was that
year or the next. Taylor was elected
president Nov. 4. I*4B. but an item in
this initial number said that the news
did not reach St. Paul until the follow
ing January. The paper also contained
the act establishing the territorial gov
ernment of Minnesota, which Had been
approved on the 3d of March, 1549. -
Perhaps one the most unique por
tions of the table of contents of this
very interesting sheet was a letter from
Harris-burg, dated April 4, to the Phila
delphia Ledger,. which told of the ap
Awarded Highest Honors-World's Fair.
ST* ™ ft"" - " 7 Bg^&
UJOsPowder:
'TT T ? e . only Pure Cream of Tartar Powder. -No Ammonia; No Alum. .
Used in Millions of Homes— Years the Standard.
poiutment of Gov. Ramsey as territorial
governor of Minnesota. It seems that
even in that early day Gov. Ramsey
had attained prominence in the Easy
and the feeling was that he should have
had something better..* ln fact,' the cor
respondent speaks of "the excitement
created by the selection of Mr. Ram
sey." and adds that there was "disip-
P'oiiiiiiieut that the national administra
tion ' had overlooked his claim > aid
qualifications for another and more
advantageous post." If it was not that
I was recording.the solemn f.ict of the
birth of a great state. I should almost
have smiled" at the reading of these
words of the corresp indent:
•T am under the Impression he will
accept the appointment, thoujh reluct
antly." '-r'W'A ""■»;• v .'■:", " ; : " ';; k
The governor was biographic illy de -
plete' l , ail among creditable things
appeared the statement that Tie was
thirty-three years o'd, and ten years
before had been a journeyman carpen
ter. ..-History records that the prop'.letie.
soul Oi' the c >rnvs'»o*idon: wis correct
relative, to Gov. R im say (who still re
mains one of our most esteemed citi
zens) accepting the position, and it is
greatly to his credit that lie had the
sagacity to do so.
Mr. Goodhue had previously been
publishing a paper -at Lancaster, Wis.,
and his m inner of making up his pres
ent exchange list was peculiar, to say
t lie least. lie save the names ot nine
of his old exchanges which he wished
to continue, and invited the St. Louis
Republican, New York Express, Boston
Atlas and Washington Union to ex
change with him. The others, ho an
nounced, wouid be cutoff.
ADVERTISING PATRONAGE.'
There were in this Hist issue six
columns and six incites of. advertising,
which (considering all the circum
stances, and the fact that the editor had
only been on Minnesota soil for a week)
was very creditable. One of the adver
tisements was headed- "Sloan's Col
umn." The touching key line of the
advertisement was "The best and
cheapest horse medicine in the world."
The exigencies of the first issue caused
the duplication of : this column on the
third and fourth pages, so that there
was no lack of "horse medicine" in the
first paper printed on Minnesota soil,
whatever else may have been missing.
The second nutubei of the Pioneer
proved the wisdom of Mr. Goodhue in
not being politically aggressive, as he
had two columns of patronage in the
shape of land office notices, and there
was no occasion to duplicate the ad
vertisement of "Sloan's horse medi
cine." This issue contained nine col
umns and twelve inches advertising,
among the advertisement-! being a busi
ness directory of Stillwater, and. an
"editorial notice of that thriving place,
speaking of it as "this charming village
nestling in the lap of an amphitheater
of hills on the western shore of St.
Croix lake." Save that Stillwater has
grown to the proportions of an import
ant city, this description would be as
adaptable today as it . was forty-five
years ago. t'j-rV;-!'
AXOTIIEi: "Fl EST PAPEK"
Bat in spite, of Mr. Goodhue's enter
prise in securing the first press in
.Minnesota, the first paper dated in Min
nesota was the Minnesota Register.- It
appealed on April 27, 1819, one day
earlier than Mr. Goodhue V issue, but
as it was printed in Cincinnati and
shipped by freight it must have been.
in reality, quite a venerable publication
when it reached Minnesota soil. It
should be properly counted as a foreign
invader, and the history which is now
being made does not recogn : it as the
first pa^r in 'Minnesota, even though it
bears the lira date. - s-n -.;».-■::
Besides, it is dated Saturday, April
27, while Saturday In reality was the
28th, the date of Mr. Goodhue's Pioneer.
The paper was published by A. Piin
dail & Co., and its subscription price
and advertising rates were the same as
those ot Mr. Goodhue. The motto was:
"We render equal justice to all, and
submit to wrong from nine." it was
six columns lo the page, the columns
twelve ems pica in width and nineteen
inches long. Besides the act of con
gress establishing the territory, it an
nounced the appointment of Gov. Ram
sey, with Charles K. Smith, of Minne
sota, secretary; ■ Aaron Goodrich, of
Tennessee, chief justice, with. B. B.
Meeker, of Kentucky, and D ivid Coop
er,- Pennsylvania, associate justices. Mr.
Randall was in ill-health, and so far as
1 have been able to. ascertain did not
come to Minnesota at all at that time,
and never made a second issue. .He had
been here in ISIB. and made some land
claims, but after this foreign newspaper
invasion he went to California and was
duly shot in a brawl, in accord with the
welcome of the '4'Jers to newcomers.
The next issue extant of the Cincin
nati production was No. 3, and that was
printed in St. Paul, ; another press be
sides Mr. Goodhue's having reached
hete. A. McLean and Joliii P. Owens
were the publishers. On the principle
that it never rains but it pours, t here was
soon another paper in the : field. This
was termed the Minnesota Chronicle,
which was started May 31,1811), with
James Hughes as editor and S. A. Quay
as printer, so that within a month after
the first paper was started there were
three in the field where there; was
scarcely room for one. History has
repeated itself' in this respect in":
almost every county in the state, and
the newspaper business is so attractive
that it will probably continue to do so
while time lasts. in the natural evolu
tion of things, however, the Register
and Chronicle consolidated on the 25th
of August under the , firm name of
Hughes & Owens, McLean retiring.
Things were rapid here iv those days,
and this partnership seems to have con
tinued something less than a week,
because the next issue, dated;. Sept. 1,
gave the firm name as McLean, Owens
& Quay, McLean formulating a ; long
salutatory, while Mr. Hughes, appar
ently thinking least said soonest mend
ed, retired without a word, later
became a resident of Hudson. Wis.
LIGHTNING CHANGES.
It is rather interesting to trace the
vicissitudes of the newspaper business
by the rapid changes in the Register
and Chronicle. On Sept. . 22, the firm
was again changed. Quay retiring and
the firm then being McLean & Owens.
This was a very prolonged partnership,
as the next change did not take place
for a whole year. On Sept. 23. L. A.
Babcock appeared as publisher, and
both the retiring and incoming parties
evidently realizing that brevity is the
soul of wit, there was consequently
USE SAINT PAUL DAILY GLOBK, FKiDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 16, 1894.— TEN PAGES.
neither farewell nor' salutatory. All
the. parties' in the transaction being
dead,* the why and wherefore remilns
unknown. >;■■ '■.
On . Die. IS. 1353, less than three
months later, Charles J. : Harris appeared
as editor and proprietor. Perhaps there
could be no m ire elo-jaeat des-jription :
of. th trials and tribulations v of. the
early journalists than those frequent
changes. As rapidly as one man, or one
set man, had exhausted; his or. their'
credit (no one had money in those days), -
lie or they cave way. t*. others who
basked in tha Elyshio field of a Iversity .
as long as they could endure the -trials,
and Then in turusucjumbjd.- On the
surface. however, : the Pioneer '. seem ul
to thrive much better. At all events,
one man remained at -the helm, and on
the of o*lober, 1313. when less than
six months old, it was enlarged to a
seven-column paper. The issue of Sept.:
ii contained the first report of the first
session of th.i territorial legislature "
which met In St. Paul on Sept. 2. Isaic
N. Goodhue then became assoe'tated
with his brother Jims, but nothing
was said on the subject, an I in a few
months Isaac was starved out of the
concern. ;'-*y* V:^l
MINNESOTA ATTACKED.
As Indicating h >w Minnesota was con
sidered in those diys, and also how
rapid news was transmitted, the Pio
neer of April 23. 1850, contained an ac
cou nt of an attack made on this territory
hy* Congressman Root, of Ohio, on the
15th of February, and a reply made by
Delegate H. 11. Sibley, who. being un
able-to get the floor, responded in a
letter to a Washington paper?', This is
the word painting of Mr. Root:
"At this season of the year traveling
is done there (in .Minnesota) on snow
shoes. It is a lumber country, and 'a
fine country in many respects,' an I it
will be peopled when our Northern
people have nowhere else to go."
Ge;i. Sibley could not get the II >or to
reply, bat he vindicated Minnesota" in
the Washington papers.
A VOICE'FiOJI THE GIJAVE.
As additional evidence of the editorial
trials of those early days, I am able to
quote fr mi an original letter written by
Mr. G > > lime to Gen. 11. H. Sibley, who
was then in Washington as territorial
delegate. It is dated St.' Paul* Sept. 14,.
1850. aud. after speaking of the difficulty
lie has in collecting his pay from the
government for the beggarly amount of
land offua advertising given Him. he
adds: : : '/
"I am deeply in debt, wholly by the
expense of printing. Must a poor devil
be made a bankrupt by printing here,
while printers at Washington get rich by
printing? Cau a man keep a tavern on
the top of the Sierra Nevada at 25 cents
a meal? I have explained the fact in
relation to my expanses here as fully as
I could in the letter 1 before sent fur
you to show the department. There is
nothing which 1 know of to add. Winter
is before me— my debts to pay
paper to -buy for winter seven or eight
hun lied miles from Here, which I must
go myself to purchase, and six hands of
us to be kept here waiting from the
close of navigation to the meeting of
the legislature on the first of January
next to commence again the public
printing, which is so reluctantly paid
for, in a territory where money now
commands an interests of 4 per cent a
month on a nine -"months' loan, and
where our cheapest article of food is
the potato, seldom worth less than ?1.0)
a bushel, and where log shanties such
as these tw > above me on Bench street,
and the one under the bluff of Bench
street are rented at $48.00 per annum,
where the little House I now live in
rents for more money than it would
ake to buy such a one in Washington.
$3.50 a cord is as low as you can buy
wool, and then it costs a good deal to
cut and split it. As for water, we have
to buy it by the barrel. Except my own
little garden, there is no!, one the whole
length of Bench street down to Robert.-
As 1 before told you. so disheartening
are my prospects that my brother has
gone out of the concern.''
GRIT AND PISTOLS.
11l the face of these dis liters, how
ever, Mr. Goodhue appears to have been
full of grit, for a little mire than two
months later, . Nov. 28, 1859, he an
nounced that he would, on the Ist of
May, 1851, issue a daily, charging ?6 per
annum in alvance. Discretion, how
ever, was the better .part of valor, for 1
can find no record that any attempt was
made to start at that time the daily that
was advertised.
On Jan. 23, 1331. the. Pioneer demon
strated the additional perils of early
journalism, aside from hunger and
cold. Mr. Goodhue was attacked on the
street by Joseph Cooper, brother of the
associate justice of the territory. 1
read some of the comments which led to
the attack, and must . concede that they
were reasonably j lively. They were of
a character evidently inclined to make
a man mad if they were uot true, and
if they were true to maKe him mad that
they .were told to the public. This
latter was probably the situation of
Cooper, but it left poor Goodhue be
tween the devil aud the deep sea.
Both parties produced their pistols,
Cooper first getting in a stroke with : his
right on Goodhue's forehead. Good-'
hue's was only a one-barrel affair, wliiie
Cooper had the more modern improve
ment of a six-shooter. Fortunately, C.
P. V. Lull, who was sheriff of the
county, appeared on the scene at the
opportune moment, and arrested both
parties, and thus had the honor of stop
ping the affray. The editor was lucky
enough to live to fight another day, with
out either party having to run away.
A little later another altercation took
place, in which Goodhue was again as
saulted by Cooper, assisted by two or
three roughs, and quite seriously in
jured, receiving a severe staTin the ab
domen, out it was to his credit that he
never "flinched nor showed the white
feather, either personally or in His
paper.
Tne fact that he had the pluck to pub
lish the first paper in Minnesota;. shows
that such things as pistols and bowio
knives could have no terrors for Him.
He had, in essaying to become a news
paper publisher in Minnesota at that
time, voluntarily faced a condition more
awful to contemplate than all classes of
deadly weapons combined, and his
physical and mental bravery went with
out saying v* hen, on tho 28th of April,
IS4'J, he priuted the first copy of his
paper. ' .;•
THE LAST OP GOODHUE.
Goodhue, possibly, was not aware of
his achievement himself, but be won
his spurs as one ot the bravest and most
heroic of men with that first issue. ..He
subjected himself to a life of privation
and hardship where there was no possi
bility of adequate reward; a life where
there was no comfort, and but little
civilization; a life which we of the
present day may think we can imagine,
but which we can only very inade
equately mentally grasp. Ills career
was comparatively brief, as He died on
the 27th of August, 1853, at the age of
forty-two years. His death was hastened
by falling from a terry . boat into the
river, the drenching and shook bring
ing on an illness r which finally proved
fatal, and some claim that he never re
covered from Cooper's stat>. The issue
of his paper the day before his death
auuouncea that he was' convalescent
and hoped soon to be at his post, but the
following week the report of his death
and burial was printed. ; • .. ■•
And thus the life battle was fought
of the literal pioneer editor of Minne
sota, as well as editor of the Pioneer
newspaper byname, nnd so-lasting is
the power of the newspaper that to this
day. James . MlGodJliuo :Is - not ; u»ifrS-'
quently quoted :by tho early settlers,
and the labor which he performed has
borne fruit, the results of which are felt
and acknowledged at; the present dd.me- T
*'{** .'_-. OTIIKBS 6.\,TIIE:SCKXE.V I*4 i;J
The Pioneer was continued for some
■. mouths iby "Goodhue's } widow.'* On
Sept. 1. IS>>, just about a year after Mr.;
Goodhue's death, the announcement
was made in the Pioneer that Joseph R.
Brown had ;.'. bought the, paper. '-.lt Was
coupled with the statement that,- the
purchase had been made some - months:
before, and while he had ! really .l>akn
the" editor and owner," the matter had
'been Kept under cover. '"~o '.'.',
In the meantime other 'candidates for'
journalistic honors j had been co.uin'"
Into the .Held. On J Sept. 15, 1351. a year
before Mr. Giodhue's death. Tne Min
nesotian had been started by J. C.Terry,
publisher, and John P. Owens, editor.
This was a seven-column paper, four
teen ems pica to the column. On the
10th of January, 1352, Mr. Terry retired,
and George W. Moore succeeded him,
the firm being Owens & Moore. O.i the
23d .of. May, 1851, the firm was again
Changed to Owens, Moore & Pratt. All
of these early publishers of Minnesota
are long since deal, excepting ' Mr.
Terry, who is still a resident of St.Paul.
Col.' D. A. Robertson, who was, for
many years one of the prominent poli
ticians of - the state, was also early 'in
the Held with a newspaper. He started
the Democrat at St. Paul on 1 Dec. Uth,
1851, and sold it to; David Olmsted 1 iv
1351. Olmstead is d cad, but Col. Rob
ertson still resides at St. Paul. , .'I
THK SKCOM) iiRA.
Daily Paper Journalism i!*".--
rated in Minnesota;
Coming back to the Pioneer as the
central figure in that early day, we find
that a little more than six months after
Mr. Brown announced his proprietor
shin, the whole establishment was solo
to Eirle S. Goodrich, on March 1(3. 1554.
The motto of tin paper ha I, in the
meantime, been changed, after j Mr.
>odiiue's death, to
"i) :•:«>"; it vtic PrtIXCIPLE-!. '." DE'tO
CB.VTiC Jtax AXD DEMOCRATIC JIKA.S-
ures," : -' ryi
and. with the incoming of Mr. Goodrich
to Minnesota journalism, an »Stier im
petus wis given aim »-.*- as gr<*at as that;
provided by Mr. Goodaue. Mr. Go odrich
made announcement that on the : Ist" of
May,. 1351, he wo. i ld issue a moruiug
daily paper. .-'Tuts was a.i un ! ie.\rd-of
stro:- «of enterprise in those early years,
and evidently struck terror to the heiirls
of the Other papers in th;. fi;ld. In.
accordance with his promise, Mi*. Gn.l
rich was out with his m irning Pioiiee*
on May I. It was a six-eolu:nu paper,
of the ustiil width iv those days, four
teen ems pica, and' the length of the
column 19>£ inches. As one peculiar
feature of chat first .issue, it contained
a prospectus issued by T. M. New.iohr/
under; date . of March 22, stating thai
about May i he. and J. B. H. Mitchell
and Martin J. Glum, under the tiriii '■"
name of j Newson, Mitchell & . Chun,
would issue the St. Paul Daily Time .?.; *"
It is really a little singular in tracing
up tills journalistic history 'jc^n >te that
the mo nent one paper started in. a new
line there were a multitude to endeavor
to occupy the same field; When Mr.
Goodhue started . the : weekly Pioiteer
there were plenty of weeklies to,' follow;!
and so how.* when Mr. Goodrich start 'ad {!
the daily Pioneer, the : dailies came to
the front almost with the rapidity of
the Egyptian locust. He issued ids':
paper the morning of the .Ist of May,
1854. and the Weekly Democrat, which "
has already beeu noted, put out an
evening daily edition on the same day. :
jj Oii the llth of May, 1851, the Minne
sotian was out as a morning paper, and
on the 15th of May, Maj. Newson
bloomed with his morning Times..'; He
started as a five-column paper, the
columns being fifteen ems* in width
and nineteen inches in length, contin
uing tljat size for over a year, when on
the 18th of June, 1855, he made it six.
columns to the page. '■■].' -"' '*' } .-;
Here were four, dailies in the little
city of St. Paul, which could not' legit
imately support one. Probably no "one
more fully realized this than our old
and greatly beloved friend. Maj. T. M .
Newson, and he said in the first issue of
his paper that if he had not conceived,
the idea the preceding tall and issued [
his.prospectus in March he would Lot
have started in the face -of
three dailies already in - the
field, but with true American
grit, after putting his haul to the
plow he would not turn backward, In
his salutatory, after announcing that
his paper would be Whig iv politics, he
said: "It claims for . itself, however,,
the right to dissent, from any views
advanced by the party when those
views come in conflict with right and
justice, and will at all times exercise
that independence of character so neces
sary in the diffusion of truth to the con
fusion of error. On the subjects of
temperance, the emancipation of the
race, the dissemination of. useful infor
mation among the masses, it wiil ;
endeavor to exercise a healthy influ
ence, looking for its reward in the con
sciousness of having done its duty,;
though the heavens fail. Without any
comment, we launch our little bark on
the waves of public approval or disap
proval, perfectly willing to : abide the
issue, and feeling assured that if suc
cessful in buffeting the tempest of life,
it- will be . attributed, more to s.tric>
industry and persevering efforts than":
to wealth. or transceiidant genius. If
unsuccessful, we shall cheerfully return I
to the ranks from whence we came— the
ranks of a private citizen." -.*"*-•;•,;;
"; ERA OF EVOLUTION. - i
It is interesting to trace the varying ?
fortunes of these numerous daily papers*,
in that early time. In the Times, Mr.
Mitchell retired in just a year, and
Messrs. Newson and Clum continued,
the firm name being T. M. Newsou &
Co. Ou the 7th of June,'" 1855, the paper
w s enlarged to a six-column paper,, the
columns being so large that it was equal"
in size to the present seven-column J
standard issue. Iv the fall of 1857 Mr.=
Owens had sold his interest in the Min
nesotian to Dr. Thomas Foster. In 1857
the cohesive power of a desire for the
public printing- brought the Times
and the Minnesotian together" un
der the firm name of Newson,^
Moore, Foster. & Co. This partnership
lasted but six months, both Newson anil
Foster being men whose large pis'itive
uess of character and their ideas pre
vented harmonizing, especially as they,
did not get tire printing, and they ac
cordingly separated into their original
elements. The Times' continued until
January, 18:51, when ex-Ui'v. Marshall
started the Press, and used tint paper
•as a partial nucleus, an I iv February ..
.18GI, the Miiinejoli in ais> succumbed;
to the Power of the Press, and- -both,
Newson and Foster retired perm mentis*
from the publication of daily news
papers.
The Democrat, like all the others,
had /Its precarious . existence; ; . but it
strug -led from ; May I*' 135 J." to Nov. . 5
ISSI, when it was consolidated with the
Pioneer.and the name of that sheet was
changed to Pioneer and Democrat.
As indicative of the disadvantages the .
papers lay under for news of the "out
side Avorld.eveu though they were daily,
publications, I note that in the Issue of
the Pioneer * and • Democrat on June 30,
: 1859," they V have a single Tine heading;
"Great Railroad Accident,"and beneath
it comes this account: 1 ' r ;;i *
'■■ • "We ;■•" learned last night : through
Messrs. Rurbank & Co.'s express agent
that the morning train on the 23tli lust., |
coming west on the Michigan t Southern
& Northern Indiana [ railroad,' between;
•White Pigeon and North Bend, ran off '
a high embaukiuent, killing thirty per
sons." " ; • ■ - -• <•• ■■•'• -- : '''' '•';
-I followed the paper.for" several days
thereafter,* hut never found any further
allusion to the accident. The report of
the express agent was doubtless accepts
ed as gospel, and it went. '"■ if. '-* ; ;: -'
AXOfHMItHItA
The Dawn or Telegraph Service •.
and Naonaro 11 Vioisutuilos.
Tne next and most exciting era in the ;
newspaper field at. St. Paul was when
telegraph communication was : estab
lished. J. M. Wiuslow raised a bonus
for building a line of telegraph down
the river bank to La Crosse." The peo- .
ple were so anxious to secure communi
cation' with, tha outside world that
residents along the line largely contrib
uted, the poles and in some cases helped
to erect them. The Wine was finally
erected, though iv; a very 1 - indifferent \
manner, and was a : very precarious *
-. means of securing news. The first
indication that news -j could;; reach St.
Paul, by telegraph was ..given dv the
Pioneer and Democrat Aug. 23,'. 1300. It "
seems that the line was incomplete, and
consequently 'the" first report was part
steam and part telegraph. The .
Pioneer of that date, which is the first
issue of any Minnesota paper contain
ing news by wire, had this announce
ment over its telegraph column:
"The steamer Favorite was at Lake
City at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon,
and we are in receipt of the following
dispatches, for which we are indebted
to Mr. Gallup, the operator in this
city." r-y-' y:r-.;.y/;;
The telegrams occupied less than one
half column. One of, them contained
Liverpool news up to Aug, 9; another
had reports '.from St. Joe, Mo., up to
Aug.. lß, only five days "old, while New
York did very well by furnishing an
item up to the 23t'i, which was two days
In the rear.:.^j;^;; .. . ■ -, .
The beginning of the first telegraphic
service took r place a week later, and
Aug. 30, 18:»J. the Pioneer and Democrat
had the modest headline: "By tele
graph to St. Paul." Following this head
line-was this announcement: ' ":'"^£ :
"By the politeness of Mr. Gallup, the
operator in this city-, we have the pleas
ure of laving before our readers this
morning dispatches from all parts |of
the country, received up to a late hour
last night. The wires not being strung
over the . Mississippi at Winona, the
operator at that place crossed the river
in a skiff and received his dispatches on
the Wisconsin side, and wrote them off
by moonlight with the paper, on his
knees, and then crossed to the Minne
sota side and forwarded them to St.
Paul. Mr. Gallup now wishes to inform
the people of St. Pan I that the line is
open for business, and he is prepared
to send messages; to any part of the
Union." "-"v-lLl' "'.-'■' *- '' --■■-•-■•-*
FIRST TELEGRAM TO THE EAST.
Perhaps of even more interest than
transmission of news from the East to
"the St. Paul papers : was; the: record'
r made in that same issue of the first
telegram ever sent from St. Paul to the
East. Judge Goodrich was a. great ad
mirer of Gov. Seward, of New. York.and
Hon. M. S. Wilkinson, who was buried
at Mankato a few days -ago, joined the
judge .in the correspondence. The fol
lowing is a copy of the telegram sent:
• "To Gov. Seward, Auburn, N. V.—
Through the courtesy of Mr. Wiuslow,"
proprietor, we are enabled to send this*
the first dispatch transmitted by light-;
ning from St. Paul to the East, as com
plimentary to you. Signed,
"M. S. Wilkixsox.
Ir'i^ "Aarox Goodrich.
i "Sent at 1 :45 p. *ih."
The reply of Gov. Seward, in view of
subsequent events, showed his pro
phetic spirit, and it was as follows:
"Auburn. N. V., Aug. 29. 1860.— T0
M. S. Wilkinson and A. Goodrich, St,
Paul: You have grappled New York,
now lay hold on San Francisco.
"William Seward.
' "Received at 8:30 p. m.'* "-
The time taken in sending the mes
sage, at 1:45 p. m., and the receipt of
the reply, 8:30 in the evening, was cer
tainly doing very well for the telegraph
accommodations at that date, when the
poles had to use their shadows as braces'
to keep them from being prostrated by
the falling dew. The news telegrams
which followed this correspondence
were as follows: o; ■■•\S : :&~fi::'ys^/~^<
Telegram from Worcester, Mass., 13 lines
Telegram from Philadelphia..:. 9 lines
Telegram from M0ntrea1. . .... . . 5 Hues
Telegram from Washington..... 3 lines
Telegram from New York. ..... 4 lines
Telegram from Prairie dv Chlen 3 lines
Telegram from Milwaukee (mar
kets) 12 lines
' T0ta1. ....................... 49 lines
; The Washington telegram of three
I lines contained, the highly important*
information that Maximlllian was
about to visit this country; and the
four-liner from New York said that the
firemen were arranging to have a torch
light procession in honor of the visit of
of the Prince of Wales. The remaining
items were even of less importance, so
'th at the Easterntelegrapliie. news can
. not be said to | have been as thrilling as
an Indian massacre.but it was sufficient
of a novelty to be somewhat exciting.": '
• Oa Sept. 4 the -'announcement.--, was
made that "in consequence of the vio
lent thunder storm no dispatches were
received last night." On the next day
their poles were still falling over, them
selves, and there was not a line of tele
graph, but the paper said nothing on
The subject. Words probably failed to
express their feelings— at least. polite
words. "_ , : ~ „ "-';' • .
On the 9th of September they did re
ceive some actual news, which
was The * memorable -;>' loss "of the
"Lady Elgin, containing an excur
sion party of Mil waukeeans, returning
from Chicago to Milwaukee. That
wreck, in which there were nearly 400
lives lost, was given nearly a half
column' of space." The 10th was Mon
day, and there was no paper issued oh
that day, but on the 11th there was no
telegraphic report whatever relative to
the Lady Elgin or anything else, the
announcement being made that the
lines worked very bad, and that there
were so. many private telegrams con
cerning the great disaster that the tel
egraph company, could not find time to
take in news reports.
. Auqth t evidence of enterprise (and
the papers were, really enterprising for
the times and conditions) was the print
ing on Thursday, Sept.. '20. 18G0, of a
coin inn and a half report of Gov. Sew
ard's gr<-at speech made on Tuesday
on the steps or the state . house at St.
Paul, when he made: that famous pry;
dictum" which is more" familiar to Mintie-"
eotiaiid thau any passage m" the Bible,
describing in eloquent language that
here Is the center of all creation around
which not only this 1 world revolves, but
the planetary system [as well. ;. It was a
real nice sentiment, but not all-. has yet
come as hear being realized as the gov-'
ernor's brief telegram, where he ad
vised us :to * grapple San : Francisco, a
feat which we nave already accom
plished, and ; have her In our close em
brace. It was perhaps owing ;to the
stupendous idea of Mr. Seward that it
took two days to get It into print.
HRBK was A howdy do".
As time wore on the telegraph service
continued entirely precarious. The
least breath ;of wind . would prostrate
something, and apDarently the wires
would sometimes go down as a matter
of "alarm lest there should be a- breeze,
and they wanted lobe ready in advance.
Consequently.' In a short time, the daily
papers, headed their news, "Latest
News by Mall and Teleeraph," putting
the word mail ahead of telegraph be
cause it was nearly all mail '.news'.
Rut there were exciting times in store
fore these pioneer journalists in tele
graphic matters. presidential elec
tion occurred on. Nov. 6, 1860, and the
three daily papers then in existence in
St. Paul all appeared without a word of
the news of the election. Instead of
election news" they contained the an
nouncement that the telegraph company
declared that electiou reports were not
a •..' part of the Associated Press
dispatches, that they . .-• aereed .to
carry, and, consequently, that
if they wanted them. they
must pay 150 for them. Those wno
realize how much $50 is at the present
day and how for the past six or eight
mouths at least it has been difficult to
procure tliat sum, even on an Insecure'
promissory note, can imagine it. was
something of "a mountain in that early
period, when it was almost sufficient
capital to start a bank. It was not sur
prising that the papers went without the
elections, and raved at Wiuslow and Mr
Gallup,- who had heretofore been por
trayed in the endearing term of "the
gentlemanly operator.** Thought all
this was before I dawned personally on
the scene, 1 cannot refrain from remark
ing. that I had numerous combats later
ou with Mr. Wiuslow, and that
"gentlemanly operator," which enables
me to keenly appreciate the situation
of my early contemporaries. For a
time this cut off all telegraphic com
munication between the newspapers
and the outside world, and some time
before the war was decided on news
that Lincoln had been elected reached
St. Paul by mail.
On the litth of November the papers
were wrought up to a fever Heat, and
joined in a card which was signed re
spectively by the Pioneer, T. M. New
son and the Minnesotian, stating that
they had had an agreement with Mr.
'Wmslow, the proprietor of the invalid
telegraph line, to furnish them tele
grams at $10 per week ; each, and that
he had grossly violated that agreement,
and, consequently, that they would re
ceive uo more. telegraphic news at any
price, but would permit their patrons to
await the arrival of the mails, when
■they would let them know what had
happened In the outside world. This
occupied a half column and was kept
as standing matter, top of column next
to reading matter for a u'umber of days,
saving quite a little in composition.
Judge of the surprise of the other two
papers when, on the 4th of December
following this solemn compact, another
compact was made, this time exclusively
for the Pioneer. It was signed by J. M.
Winsiow, proprietor of the dyspeptic
telegraph line, and the Pioneer, 5 and
announced that an -exclusive contract
had been made, running for a period of
two years, giving the Pioneer the entire
control of the telegrams in St. Paul for
that period. . yy:v*y; in-
' Judging from the contents of tho
other papers, they arose upon their
auricular organs and made the welkin
ring until it cracked. It seems to me
the storm they created must have pros
trated the feeble telegraph line for. a
time, at least. In the meantime the
Pioneer was in high glee. It had sprung
a scoop on its esteemed cotemporaries,
and appeared to be inclined to make the
most of it. Prior to that there had not
been much demonstration over the
telegraphic news, but now the matter
became "hot stuff." :^X:
A. GREAT SELL*
The other papers were dete mined to
do or die. The Minnesotian invented a
neat scheme of securing a copy of the
Pioneer and then holding their com
positors until they could set up the tele
grams. The' Pioneer pressman was paid
$1 a night, or at least he was promised
Sla night, which was the best thing
.that could be expected in that day, for
taking an early copy of the paper aud
putting it under . a stone at the street
corner uear the Pioneer office. It is
probable that the pressman gave the
scheme away to his employers, for he
remained in the employ of the paper for
years after, until he voluntarily retired.
As a result of that information the Pio
neer a few days -later concocted about
three columns of bogus telegrams, and
I must compliment them by saying that
it was one of the most artistic pieces
of work I have ever noted in a
newspaper. While they were startling
in their character, they were so ingeni
ously gotten up and so weil executed
from beginning to end. that no one
would suspect that they were bogus.
The bogus dispatches, were written"out
in the telegraph office by "the gentle
manly operator." the copy having been
furnished by Jim Mills, now of Pitts
burg, who was one of the brightest and
most waggish newspaper men ever in
this part of the country, so - that even
the compositors did not know of the sell
until later. The stone was visited as
usual, and the fatal copy of the Pioneer
with the bogus telegrams was obtained..
Dr. Foster was on deck, and, as his
paper demonstrated, must Have been
aglow with excitement. One of the tele
crams was an announcement of an at
tack upon President Buchanan, and it
was headlined as follows: =;.?
EXCITEMENT IN WASHINGTON
Assault Upou the President by a
Crazy Secessionist.
The Would-Ba Assassin in
. Prison.
This telegram stated that Senator
Bright was seriously ill, and President
-Buchanan went to visit him at his resi
dence on Vermont avenue. On his re
turn to his carriage, accompanied by his
private secretary, Glossbrenner, he was
assailed by Lai-ens P. Clayton, a Seces
sionist, who had oeen discharged from
the interior department and was half-,
.crazy. He had succeeded in stabbing
Buchanan in the arm before the secre
tarj grappled him... Buchanan left the
secretary holding down the assailant
and shouted for the police while the
carriage drove away.
; Another telegram contained an ac
count .of an altercation between Dan
Sickles, the present well-known Gen.
Sickles.* and George H. Pendleton, the
Ohio politician. This grew out of a po
liileal dispute, and . took place in the
corridor of Willard's hotel, which was
tbe center of : pretty, near everything iv .
Washington at that lime.
The .death of Nicholas Longworth,
one of : ''the}; leading ; citizens of Cincin
nati, was announced. -.'; ;X}' ; yy!;ys
A harrowing tale of how Frank San
born, of Concord,' N..H., bad been : cap
tured in Boston at a late hour at night
and taken ' back of Bunker Hill and
tarred and feathered was given. An
other report was of the suspension of a'
bank |at Pittsburg, which . might have
beeu a dangerous thing to give out if it
had not been . that \ there was . scarcely
any danger of it reaching as far .east as
Pittsburg; "Vv'v:
Maj. Newsnn also . had some method
of securing an early copy of the Pio
neer, and he, tod, got the bogus dis
patches. ' He was more wily, however,
than Dr. Foster, and while he put them
in type, he waited until the : Pioneer
was absolutely sent out by its carriers
before issuing the. Times, and then he
discovered; that the ; dispatches -were
bogus, and did not print them. ,
. Dr. Foster, however, flashed his paper
as early as possible with a great hur
rah, and he has been sorry ever since.
1 must say, however, that the next day
he came down, rather gracefully. The
Pioneer next day crowed lustily, pub
lishing the bogus dispatches entire, as
well as printing the genuine telegrams
of the day. • The doctor took . his medi
cine, as far as the Pioneer was con
cerned, In . good | style, saying: "Like
Capt. Scott's coon, we request not to
shoot, we come down." But he took
his fall out on the ptoprietor of the tele
graph line and "the gentlemanly oper
ator," whom he styled JaluD, instead of
; Gallup, which was his real name.
I In passing I might mention that the
doctor endeavored to leave no mistake
in the mind of the public relative to
wfio was the editor of the paper, as his
uame appeared at the Head of the first
column on the first page, it appeared in
the line above the date; line on' the first
page, it appeared at the head of the first
column of the second page,it appeared at
the head of ; the first column of the
fourth page, and, if 1 could only com
municate with the doctor, I would ask
him, how It happened that the third
page escaped. .
For some little time after this episode
the St. Paul daily papers were reason -
ably lively reading. Their next resort
was going to St. Anthony and getting
the telegraphic news from a daily paper
called the State News. This had recent
ly sprung into existence, and the result
was it was obtaining the telegrams
direct. The telegraph reports shut off
arbitrarily at 12 o'clock,- and when the
midnight hour struck the telegraph
operator stopped, even if he was
in the middle of a word. Probably he
was like the printer, who, when
working by the week.has been Known to
leave His line unfinished in his stick
for fear he would get a stare on his
next day's work if he remained after .0
o'clock to set another word. The result
was that if a telegram had been coming
announcing that the world had come to
an end and only gotten partly through
as the clock struck 12 the St. Paul and
St. Anthony papers would have come
out the next day with such little par
ticulars as they had, never knowing
that the entire world, including them
selves, had been blotted from existence.
By rapid riding the St. Paul papers ob
tained their news from St. Anthony in
the manner described, the messenger
leaving there after midnight and reach
ing St. Paul between 2 and 3 o'clock in
the morning with the telegrams. ;-}_ "; y
. .This, was very t onerous, and when
Gov. Marshall started the Press, a little
after the bogus telegram, incident, ab
sorbing the Times, and a little later the-
Minnesotian, he was confronted with a
condition and not a theory. He used to
go to St. Anthony in person at tunes to
get the telegrams, and always had a
messenger up there, but he did not pro
pose to continue, this matter a great
while. He interviewed Mr. Winslow,
but he was obdurate. Mr. Wheelock,
who was then an editorial writer for
Gov. Marshall on the Press, also inter
viewed Wiuslow. slinging a large
amount, of English which was
more forcible than polite. As a
matter of fact, there . had been a
semi-agreement ■■■. between i Wheelock
and Goodrich, of the Pioneer, that
when the Press came into existence it
should have the telegrams; and he,
Goodrich, should have a slice of the
state printing, which was the Alpha
and the Omega of all things in the
newspaper line in those days. But man
proposes and the legislature disposes.
The consequence was that when the
state printing was given out, which was
done by election, it was divided up so
that the Press only got a slice, instead
of getting all. as it expected, and there
was not enough turkey for the Press to
enable it to give any of the dressing to
the Pioneer. Mr. Goodrich, therefore,
considered the deal off, and he, too, was
as obdurate as Mr. Winslow.
A WEIRD; LEGEND.
There is a weird legend handed down
from the dim and misty past, which I do
not vouch for as accurate history, as the
principals decline to speak upon the
subject. - The legend is that Gov. Mar
shall.much wrought up by the telegraph
ic imbroglio, made a business call upon
Earle Goodrich one afternoon, and, clos
ing the door of Goodrich's sanctum,
coolly.but with a sort of gentle and kind
firmness, announced that he had come
to kill him. Mr. Goodrich was as cool
as Mr. Marshall, and, according to the
legend. His first thought was that it
would not be good newspaper work to
allow the Press to score such a "scoop"
as that on the Pioneer. Even if the
Pioneer, got the particulars, it would
have to.obtain them from Gov. Marshall,
the other witness being dead, and under
the circumstances Marshall might keep
the . : whole story for the Press.
This would, have been worse for
the Pioneer than its sell was for
the Minnesotian. There was not the
slightest excitement on the surface ap
parent on either side, and Goodrich's
'coolness disarmed, to some extent,
Marshall's wrath. The result of the
conference so vigorously begun was the
possible "scoop" was not secured by
Marshall, but an agreement was reached
-whereby tha Press was allowed such
measly telegraph report as Winslow'a
wires could carry, and the early morn
ing rides from St. Anthony were, per-
discontinued. By , using
small words, so as not to overload the
wires, a little stuff was thereafter car
ried for . both papers. There are prob
ably few men who have had differences
who are, in these later years,. better
friends than W." Marshall and Earle
S. Goodrich, and I have no doubt .both
will join me in congratulations that, if
the legend is true, the bloody chasm
was crossed without any necessity aris
ing for. ka'somiiiing the ; sanctum walls
to obliterate thegore/;'*;--;".
The final one of the swarm of daily
papers which dawned on St. Paul with
such ; effulgence in the spring of 1554
was the Daily Free Press, which made
its first appearance in October, 1855,
flying the banner "We go where Dem
ocratic principles lead the way, and
when they disappear we cease to fol
low." The Free . Press only lived a few
I months, and its motto was" possibly
ominous. .Whether it was the "princi
plea" or the paper which "disappeared".
first, I cannot determine. Possibly it
was simultaneous. .
THE "WICKED PARTNER"
Which Afflicted One of the -Eariy
Journal lata. '-.'■ : y.' •'".■',
It would uot be pioper to omit from
the record of early journalism the St.
Paul Financial, Real Estate and Railroad
Advertiser, which was the voluminous
title given to a paper started iv Febru
ary, '55, with Charles H. Parker as
business - manager, and Joseph A.
Wheelock as editor. ,' It was a weekly
Issue, and soon after 'starting the circu
lation liar was brought into prominence
by the announcement at' the head of his
columns in large black type, "5,000 cii
culation." While no one questious Mr.
Wheelock as an editor, it has evidently
been his affliction to be associated
with "wicked partners," and I fear his
entry into journalistic life was thus
weighted down. I judge this from the
fact that on the fourth page of the Ad
vertiser was ; an elaborate map of the
state, consisting chiefly of lakes, rivers
and open prairie, with here and there a
name of a town, while the "wicked
pari ncr" published at the head of the
editorialcolumn, right above Joseph's
virtuous writings, the following busi
ness announcement:
"Every town 'proprietor desirous of
bringing his town prominently Into
notice should' take 100 copies of the
Advertiser, draw a red line around his
town on the maD, and send it to his
friends."
On the surface this was a very inno
cent notice, but 1 found after studying
the files that every little while a new
map, or the old one made over, would
appear with a number of additional
downs named thereon, and I therefore
concluded that while Joseph was giving
bis energies to demonstrate that a very
considerate portion of the territory lay
out of doors, the "wicised partner,"
every time he could sell 100 copies of
the paper, would plug a new name iv
the map for the town site: or when a
number of town sites came in in odo
week, there could be a new map en
tirely. I noticed the streams and forests
also increased in the different maps,
showing that the prairie country was
rapidly developing- into a forest, but
'twas ever thus in childhood's hours;
and when the real estate tide went out
in '57 the Advertiser floated into the
oblivion which, sooner or later, will
embrace all of the Minnesota jour
nalists, and is even likely to gather in
the "wicked partners." who have so
persistently pursued Mr. Wheelock.
ST. ANTHONY DAWNS.
The First Papers in and About the
' >y; . Famous Falls.
While St. Paul was earliest in the
newspaper field, St. Anthony, how Min
neapolis East, was pretty prompt in
the same line. Minneapolis proper was
scarcely then in existence, at all events
it had not reached newspaper propor
tions. lam greatly indebted to Judge
Isaac Atwater for the data relative to
the first paper ever established at the
Fails. It was in the spring of 1851 that
Edmund Tyler, a tailor, an ardent
Whig, possessed of the local enthusiasm
which has made Minneapolis the city it
is today, conceived the idea that St.
Anthony should have a newspaper.
There were only 200 or 309 inhabitants
in the town. He knew nothing of news
paper business, and had limited means,
but ne was full of journalism, and St.
Paul had papers, and St. Anthony must
have papers also. , The consequence
, ; was he went to Chicago, nought a press
'.and- material for the paper, without
having secured^ any one to edit it or a
building in which to locate it. Judge
Atwater says: - "One morning in May,
ISSI, while iioeing potatoes in the gar
den before breakfast, Tyler came to me
and said the press had arrived, a room
had been secured, and demanded that I
must edit the paper." j The judge very
positively declined to accept the munif
icent position so ardently offered him,
but later Tyler called upon bun with
a committee of influential citizens, and
as a result the St. Anthony Express was
born on the 31st of May, 1851, with Ty
ler's name at the masthead, and
with Judge Atwater as editor
and chief, though not named in
the paper. In fact, it was the
entering wedge whereby Judge At
water sustained the paper, ultimately
becomiug actual proprietor, and losing
something over 83,009 in the patriotic
effort to continue the paper. While
Judge Atwater's name appeared only a
small portion of the time in the paper.
He was in reality connected with it un
til he went on the supreme bench in '58,
and it is iuterestingto note the changes
which occurred as developed by the
files of the paper. But for Judge At
water's own testimony In the matter,
the public could not determine by the
files that he was connected with the
paper for so long a period.
As a truthful historian I ought to
uientioai the tradition that Judge At
water'^ accomplished wife very mate
rially aided in editing the paper and
added much to its ability.
The motto of the paper was "Princi
ples, Not Men," aud it started out with
the names of E. Tyler, proprietor; H.
Woodbury, publisher.
On the 2d of August, however, when
the paper was two months old, Mr.
Tyler, who had been so enthusiastic in
enlisting the services of Judge Atwa
ter, dropped out, and the proprietors
were Woodbury and Hollister. On the
4th of October, the same year, the pro
prietorship was again changed to 11.
. and J. P. Woodbury, but the motto still
stood "Principles, Not Men." This
proprietorship seemed to have been
very permanent, for it was not until
May 28, 1852 that I could find
another change, and then the name of
George D. Bowman was placed at. the
masthead. In 1854 Isaac Atwater's name
appeared for the first time as the pro
prietor of the paper, and still the motto
stood: "Principles, Not Men." As I
.noted these numerous changes with
such great rapidity. I "thought it was
lucky that it was "Principles, Not Men;"
for if the positions of the motto had
been reversed they would have run out
of principles: but the crop of men was
evidently destined to Hold out. Judge
Atwater himself, in my call upon him
has this to say on the subject of the
motto: "The motto of the Express was
•Principles.Not Men.' A good motto iv
the abstract, but the people soon saw
that 'principles' could not be sustained
without 'men' back of* them."
D. S. B. Johnston, now of St. Paul,
joined Judge Atwater in 1836 In con
ducting the paper, aud when the judge
went on the bench in 1553 ho took it
alone. The motto was then changed to
"Liberty and Union, Now and Forever,
One and Inseparable."
I suppose that both principles and
men had gotten worn out by tho lime
Johnston began a lone hand on the Ex
press, and it was time to begiu anew.
; As near as I have been able to de
termine, traced the Express; into ob
livion in 18'jO. and.coiisequontly. neither
one of the mottoes was sufficiently po
tent to save it.and "principles," "men."
"liberty," "union" and!" all tha trim
mings went down before the inexora
ble .demand of the printers for—
at least .potatoes to keep the soul from
5