The Saint Paul globe., November 27, 1898, Page 4, Image 6

About The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905

Image provided by: Minnesota Historical Society; Saint Paul, MN

                
4
LAW FOR FRATERNALS
THE I\SI'R\NCE COMMIS9IOXER
DIS( CUES THE LEGISLATION
■ IBI—OI I NEEDS
IN HIS PARTICULAR LINE
He FaTom the Passase of an Act
GovrrnliiK Fraternal Societies* in
Line With tlie Ideas of the Fra
ternal (ungreiia \«-w Aniiess
iin-ni Also >ee«le«l SaggeHted
Am <■ ii -'I in •*iit for Fire Insurance.
"I am in favor of the passage c*f an
Insurance law governing fraternal so v
ci(?ti<-s," said State Insurance Commis
sioner *)e.irth yesterday; "that will
meet the- indors-envent of the Fraternal
Insurance congress. The men who con
stitute that congress have the interest
of tht societies which they represent
at heart, and I believe they afe in
favor of laws that will insure the
permanency of their organizations.
There is no reason why fraternal so
cieties conducted on business principles
should not l>e as sound as other in
surance companies."
"But in the matter of life assess
ment companies, " continued Mr.
Dearth, "the fraternals should, 'n my
opinion, be divorced from all assess
ment companies. Th:-y want a law in
keeping with what will ensure their
future permanen<y ana solvency.' Every
member of a fraternal insurance as
sociation wants the solvency of his
company maintained with increasing
the cost beyond a reasonable amount,
and no person wants it more thai the
leading men in these organizations.
There Is nc reason why a fraternal
shouldn't b.? as sound as an old line
cospp&ny. I am also of the opinion,
as I sold, that a bill framed in harmony
v.ith t?:<- opinions of tho fiaternal con
gress, which is oomgKMed <>f leading
responsible fraternal societies, should
be accepted and passed Ly the Mlnne
sota legislature. But I think that each
fraternal should have some reserve
fund • to provide for the increased
mortality rate that may be expected
to come.
■Tli'-ic i.s no necessity for any such
reserve fund as is carried by some of
the old line companies that is for the
protection of fraternals. These re
set v. 3 keep aocumulatine: until they
are beyond any possible demand that
might ever ]><-■ made on them. A frater
nal society should simply have such
A MODERATE RESERVE
as would be actually required to meet
the oontingescy of an unusual death
rate, or such increase as may naturally
be expected to come sooner or later.
That ensures the stability and solvency
of the ;i ■ iciatlons..
"Bu% our present assessment law is
worthless. When fifty persons can now
file articles ot Incorporation wlih the
of state they are entitle 1
to a certificate allowing them to do
business The record sh >ws that only a
email numtw r of bhem have lived to
any length of time. Here Is what 1
say aboul l.he subject In my report:
I would suggest tie passage of a law
ng -- : i lot ; r. or what ar«
""""i' proper!) called natural or stipulated
premium a and a separate law
k '•-•■!■• '■;•■-■ a letiea operating strictly upon
til.- ].•,*_;. or fraternal plan. Bncfa separate
•nactmeoti .. a hi-,n paaeea in certain other
Bnd Mlonea iv should
me unturned to place upon h<-r
Ktat.it.- books laws oovecins i'm^ Siflerenl
■■■in iationa or soeTetiea wrtalcutha.il
tuerii the confidence and repe t, net only of
our own ritiaena, l>ut also tboae ol the conn
•
A>< mi Illustration ol tae otatioa entar
the Inaiirance «ffii!a!s of
relative to the eniciencjr of tho Uinne
l • rnin- cur so-call.-l ■ I
ni«ni. life and casualty aasoclattona iiu'iudin?
Cratfrnale), I .hump from a statement m«d<> to
the c« i of Minnesota by .i certain
»tj*t<- .>ITI ■
"A certiflcato from your department, to tha
eT< • ■• tha< i Hinneaota aM^stmeot llfr or
caaualty ssaoclattoo has fully compiled with
url itate, .anles no wflpht
<t with th« bMuraaea d»>pait>iient of
ir hiw.s practically afford ■ ■>
tion whatever to 'tic policy' holders of
this <• ;ij^ of compaiHea."
Thli . rm a wi 11 known
ami able inaarance official ,>r anottur state,
! rtalnly in itself «lon»> « BOfldent argu
nicnr i? favor of an Imenedlate paassgej <>i
QOOU AMI BUFKICIBNT LAWS.
that sal l afford ample and fult protection to
all members, at Broapecttve membera, of thi*
<lavs „f seaoeiatlona and societies. Such a
law should provide tot and definitely fix a
solvency, wfcertfey it siiaii be rr
quired thai the aotuol cash funds of any
eu.-h company or assorimlon :irc sufflc-lent at
all ti: Line or future in
tan ling pnlii-i.
calculated upon some acceptable table of
nd should ii ever tall belom su b
.i in upon its pollc]
<l be Immediately levied t<>
g<Knl h it; flciency.
Th« <.!il poM mortem, or "pass the hat"
plan, original!) (oltowed bj practically all
i.-nt Isauraoce assodutions.
Is fast becoming obsolete. Pra tlcall; .-\.-ry
itlon no? in existence, which origins ly
conducted IU buaineaa upon ihi< :
upon, 01 making oaspsraU efTorts to Rot
upon, wji.r. is ti nned the na: nr;> l or tst 4 1 ■
premium but*, with rates baaed upon some
well established mortality tables, all con
as .i matter of course, containing a
sa.r< t\ clause providing tor additional h
nieni.*-. should such additional fiinds be re
quired on account of »n epidemic or other
unusual causes. The plan of simply requir
ing the members to pay h:m ly h aufflcient
«'!i. •! lit to t:ik.- c;!rt> Ot the t!,.u)i losaes, U
the) so :u ■ togi that with management ex
paaaea nas resulted, sooner cr later, in
NO KND OF FINANCIAL TROUBLE
for th«> cosaßsny, I'nlfss a sufficient amount
1« collet, d from the members during tiie
tsrtter >■ ira of its exiatem to provide for
a reserve fuml sufficient ai leaat, to cover
the constantly iroreasinn mortality mptnan.
the only aitl inulive is a very nm;erial In
croase m :Uc number of atinammrnts to be
levied, or an increase in U ment or
premium rate*, either of which steps, if too
lons bouad to r. suit in ii
anil ni&cy poor people who have, in meeting
their .!--•:'!> ins. .1 ni^d themselves ;..
tu;il of life, presuMiing that they
•era | for the futi • . m of
their ramiiiea, are shocked, upon being
;hi to realize that th-.- protection which
th;\\ bave made *•,>.■:! „ secare Is
null and void. Under the provistona of the
tl Minnesota statute governing this
of s^ociationa a continuance or repetition of
th;sT aditlon of affairs still rr mains po
s.'iMt» sti.ii enactment as is here pro-
A GREAT REMEDY.
Kor Suffcrem l-'r«ni l»ilr N .
Dr. Redmond, a specialist in the
Btudv and treatment of piles and rec
tal diseases, recently stated that the
pyramid Pile Cure, the new discovery
for the curs of piles, aas the most re
markahle n medy he had ever seen or
trind in . ne respect; and that w;u« the
ii'.st.tti; relief esperleneed ;n all cases
no matter bow severe, from the mo
ment the remedy was applied. This
Avas the more surprising to him be
cause be had carefully analysed the
preparation and no traco» of opium
cocaine or similar poison could be iV
tected.
PI *>k with great favor
upon the Pyramid Pile Core, because it
Is rapidly tuklnu pla.v of Burgical or>
:-,.! because It la so simple < o
IF applied and contains oo min
eral or other poisons so commonly u-ed
in cvi
Pr. Esterbr.t.>k reports that the Pyr
amid Pile Cure not only rur>s the va-
I firms ..f piles, but never f;iil s
bo i*ive immediate relief on the first
appli tter how severe the
pain or discomfort may be.
Peuple who have suffered from piles
for years urc often astonished at the
irstant relief experienced from th»
first application. Another important
advantage Is the fact i.'-.jt any one can
medy without d^trr.tion fioni
btjalu sa im rference with daily oc
cupation. Sold by druggists at 50
cents p< j r package.
Send to Pyramid Drug Co.. Marshall
Mi.*h.. for free book on cause and cur.'
•f piles.
posed may be presented to the legis
lature this winter, but Mr. Dearth says
so far he has not given the matter any
attention. A law was Introduced in the
last session, but certain features were
too burdensome for the bill to carry
and live.
Mr. Dearth was asked who drew up
that bill, but was unable to say, as it
was drafted before his appointment to
the commissionershlp.
FIRE INSURANCE LEGISLATION.
Mr. Dearth went on to discuss what
he considers necessary or advisable In
the line of fire insurance legislation
this year. In general the law govern
ing fire insurance is good, but Mr.
Dearth thinks it needs some amend
ments. The commissioners would
throw up a stronger line of protection
around the agents of the state in the
matter of reinsurance of large risks.
Under the present law a very large
risk may be written in some foreign
company by its agents in Minnesota,
but when the time for which the risk
has been written expires the property
may be reinsured, in fact it is general
ly reinsured, Mr. Dearth says, auto
matically. No benefit occurs to the
agent or the state in this way. Mr.
Dearth thinks that every time a large
j amount of insurance written in blanket
form or otherwise expires, that the
Minnesota department and the Minne
sota agents should get the benefit of it,
whereas neither of which does at the
present time.
Mr. Death doesn't think very favora
bly of that part of the present law
which authorizes the writing of insur
ance in unauthorized companies.
"It is vicious," said he, "because it
furnishes no protection for the insured.
If there is a fire loss the companies
pay If they feel like paying, and if
they don't feel like paying they don't.
| I think the old law governing this
j point was better than the present ono.
Then a man who wanted to place In
surance in unauthorized companies fil
ed an affidavit in this office that he
was unable to secure all that he need
ed in the companies authorized to do
business in the state. Still the argu
ment was made that to confine a man
to the companies which were admitted
to this state was an unfair limit to put
on people who wanted to buy insur
ance, and if people feel that way about
it and are willing to trust to the com
panies to pay all losses I suppose it is
all right. If they cannot collect their
insurance they have only themselves to
blame for it. As a matter of fact there
has been very little of that business
written this year, not nearly as much
as last year.
"In connection with fire insurance
law I would be in favor of allowing
the organization of fire Insurance com
panies in the state with a paid up
capital of $50,000 to do business exclu
sively in this state. If they want to
<\<> business outside of Minnesota then
they should increase their capital stock
to $100,000, as the present requirement."
The commissioner also thinks the in
surance laws <>f the state ought to ba
codified, but that is also touched upon
in his report.
CUEER CURRENCY IN AFRICA.
Cowry Shells itnd Slav«-« the Only
Medium of !■>. flm nui-.
From the Contemporary Review.
The only recognizwl currency in Kano and
throughout the greater part of the Wt-st Afrl
< an hinterland, consists of cowry shells and
N\;ir th» coast MM cowry shells rep
the value uf an English penny. In the
far interior the value of a sh:ll la doubled.
Bven ben it) shillings' worth of money weighs
a hundred pounds.
Cowry shells art-, indeed, a perfect cari
>atur« of what a currency should be, hint
ing. as they do, the three characteristics
which, according to political soonoml
medium of exchange should possess — namely,
i!: f r;nsic value, scarcity, and portability.
Where any larger a mi. .v. it is cono ri.ed that
cannot easily bo paid in shells slaves ura
i ■<■ I n.i a n: ■ dium of exchaogn.
A .•■■ort of feudaJ system prevails throughout
tha greater part of Wost Africa, the smaller
towns paving annual tribute to tho larger
Thus Kano nas upward of 2 r <) towns wilicb
pay tribute to "Sokoto. Nearly the whoie of
this tribute is paid in slave*. Were sla\ er^
lied the whole system of the govern wont
wuuid be disorganized, and it wuuld be im
possible for most of the towns to find any
oilier currency in which to pay.
What obviously needs to be done Is to in
troduce a regular coinage. This can only be
■Jviio by tin presases in largely increased
number* of Europeans In the country. Oy
wiiii-h means KB] coin vrstek might be
thought, desirable would inon obtain a circu
lation. The only coin which is at preFent
\/.ci In the Interior is the Maria The
resa dollar. This coin, which Is ma<le in
Vi. nua, and bears date ISTO, is manufactured
exclusively lor export to Central Africa. It
contains about two shilling*' worth of silver.
ami its purchasing value In the Soudan varies
': i.i 3 BttlUinga to 4 shillings and 6 pence.
It will }.iuss in an» of the larger towns, but
not. ;is a iul<-. in the (nuntry districts.
The wholesale introduction of this or any
similar coin, which can. however, only be
effected i>ari pac-su with the general exten
sion of European Influence, wou'd greatly
...-•■ the (l:iliciii!ii s i-nnevted with the
a)w>lltlon of the slave trade. As the case Is
now, when a wi 11-to-do native sets out on a
Journey of any length, he calculates before^
i ban^ l ' |U probable expense and takrs a eor
rMpondlng number of slaves. These he turns
Into cowry shells at the various marker*
winch he pas.-eg on his route.
The value of a slave varies from l'tyOOo to
SM.OOO shells, or from El to £!». These are
the average market prices; slaves sold by
private arrangement and wh">se character*
are known, often fetch much higher prices.
I The English traveler who object! on princl-
I plo to accepting slave* In payment of a debt
| is often subjected to serious Inconveniences
In const en
Out native king to whom 1 h<id sold some
I rolls of -silk became indebted to ran to the
extent of three-qusrters of a million e<»wrtes.
As 1 refu.-ed to receive payment in slaves I
had to wait altogether two months to extract
what was due me. and finally left the ne'gh
t> rhood in despair when many thousands Of
shells were still owing.
TRIED TO CONVINCE TEXAN.
Ditliilt? Stiiilcnt'H IMea for ll<»r*e
Thieve* Fa lln on Heal 1 Km-*.
Pr >r.i the Washington Star.
The old-fashioned Texan had by
, some strange apportioning of fate been
; put in a room at ;i crowded lutei with
a divinity siuiitnt from an Ku^t^rn
.;<?, and they boob established a
c-. Dveraatlonal fe >ttng between them
selves, though the Texan couldn't
quite understand why the young man
wouldn't "take a nip for a nightcap."
re they slept the talk turned up in
the customs and murals of Texan, as
exemplified in lynching, the young
man argtttag aginsst it.
"Gee vrhis, you don't reckon we
oughtn't to han.sr a h x-s thief, do jou?"
the Texan exclaimed in tones of hor
ror, but without profanity, out of def
erence t.> the character of the oth?r
side.
"Most assuredly r>ot."
"But what oiißht we to do with him?
Not let him git loose?"
Let the law take its course."
MeUv it'll miss fire and the CUSS*B
aw ay."
"That is not your fault. If the law
he is guiltless, you must accept
the decision and forgive the sinner"
"They ain't r,o authority fer that, is
a?"
' The Bible."
"Thar's nothin' thar that covers the
hi ound."
"Oh. yes, my friend." said the stu
dent, warming in his zeal, "even the
t'ief on the cross was forgiven "
For some reason the IVxan itemed
to choke a moment till he csusht his
rojee again.
Aw, here, young feller," he exclaim
ed in a tone of expostulation, "that
wasn't no h< ss thief." and the Texan
was so serious about it that the young
man had to Utugh in spite of him
l.nr K « si I re*h-Water l«k«
--•tlcns have discovered a hitherto unk-own
bar on i:s southern side. wUich so iru-eas-i
its known area as to make it a ruestlon
wh.ther it is not larger tlian Superior? Fui'er
explorations and more careful survej-3 must
be made, however, bcXoev ■» dej ;ioa la
reached
THE ST. PAUL GLOBE SUNDAY NOVEMBER 27, 1893.
PICTURES IN COLORS
HANDSOME EXHIBITION GIVEN AT
THE COMMERCIAL CUB
LAST EVENING
NO LONGER AN EXPERIMENT
Results of Last Mjht'» Exhibition
Were Admirable — Invention
Was Pronounced One of the Most
Important of the Century in the
Cause of Education
At the Commercial club last evening
a considerable number of the members
of that club and a body of members
of the Minnesota, club were treate-d to
a unique entertainment In the show
ing of color photographic pictures. The
interest of the spectators was not leas
ered because of the faat that the illu
stration of the McDonough process
have not yet been given in the great
art centers, but St. Paul has been dis
tinguished by a first glimpse of an in
vention than will revolutionize photog
raphy and become a great factor in all
educational work where ocular denwn
atraalon is essential to the imparting
of the id-e-a.
The invention of color photography is
said to have been the result of twenty
years' study on the part of the inven
tor, J. W. McDonough. The pictures
•hewn last night were marvelous in
their fidelity to nature in color and
detail. The exp'anaiion of th« scientific
process as to how the colors are ob
tained is best explained in a little cir
cular that wtas given to each of th«
erecta-tors at ja,c, t night's exhibition.
It says:
"Th* process is purely mechanical and the
result? are baeed on the principle of mixture
of colored lights on the retina. A transparent
medium is ruled in fine colored lines 300 to
«00 to the Inch. Tfaeae lines are red, green
and blue, commonly speaking. They are the
fundamentals of the »pectrum, and their mix
ture produces white light. In other wordg
the color of each Is 6uch as to absorb the re
maining two and transmit only its own light
To make a picture It is necc-asary to place one
of these ruled screans in immediate contact
with the sensitive surface of the dry plate
j and expose the same as in ordinary photogra
phy. The sensitive ptetea must be what is
! known as i*>chromatic plates, that is, sensi
tive to all the colors of the gpectrum. After
! a negative Is made a positive Is also made
j by contact printing, as in the usual manner
The positive is then placed over the ruled
t WOUDEffS OF THE WEST INDIES \
? Curiosities of Man and Nature in the Islands of the Antilles. ij I
The West Indian archipelago has
been called the American Mediterra
nean, and, like the gTeat midland sea
of the Old World, seema to have been
created for the special benefit of sight
seers. With a few exceptions the
coasts are mountainous; picturesque
and numerous basalt cliffs prove that
the Plutonic Titans have had a hand
in their upheaval.
One of the three active craters, the
Infierno of St. Vincent, appears to
have a subterranean connection with
the coast range of distant Venezuela,
and burst into fire-whirls at the mo
ment when the great earthquake of
Caracas shook the river suburbs with
its premonitory, tremors. There is a
tradition that the Souffriere. or "Sul
i phur pit," of Guadaloupe depopulated
the island a few years after the arrival
of the first colonists, but its crater has
been on its good behavior ever since,
except in 1812 when the activity of the
TOicanic powers revived the world
over, together with the enterprise of
the anti-French alliance.
The precipices of Macon county, N.
C, are unmatched In the West Indian
Sierras, but the Kentucky Mammoth [
cave haj a dangerous rival at Guatal- I
NEST OF THE IRIS CROW.
co, in the Cuban province of Puerto
Principo. and another a few miles
southeast of Matanzas. where a whole
range of limestone hills seem to form
the roof of a subterrenean labyrinth —
tunnels. catacombs and dome-like
vaults besides crevices that reveal ;
glimpse« of underworld lakes and
rivesi
The Guatalco caverns, with their
magnificent gypsum colonnades, were
discovered only a few years ago by an
American mining prospector, and the
neighln>ring sierras may conceal many
similar marvels, for it is a curious fact
that the Spanish Creoles, v.-ith all their
j E! Dorado visions, lack the exploring
j Instinct of our minors. The famous
! silver pit of Sombrerete. in Northern
Mexico, was "lost" during the war of
independence, and then rediscovered
i by the peons of an English land syndi
cate, and the Spanish cattle barons
of upper California did not even sus
pect the existence of precious met a Is.
though the entire bonanza region f
th,- San Joaquin valley had been set
tled before the beginning of the seven
teenth century.
But even Wept Indian Creoles could
not help noticing the roar of the Rio
Verde fall?. In Western Hayti. or the
still k-uder voice of the cliff-breakers -
CCO)
JINGLE REEDS.
ion the ivirth t\.ii_t I i .rrto Rico.
I North we*n g&ies, sweeping down from '
screen and the dark lines on the positive
m*ae to register tflHi the colors. Paper
photographs are also made by printing in the
usual manner on the sensitive paper ruled
with the three colored lines as on the screen.
Half-tone pictures in colors are also made by
printing with blaok ink (from a half-tone
plate made from the original), on paper hav
ing the three colored lines ruled on its sur
face the same as a screen."
There were fifty or more gentlemen
present when "W. W. Strickland intro
duced the exhibition. Across one cor
ner of the room there was a screen
stretched and the pictures were thrown
on this as in ordinary stereopticon
work. Mr. Strickland ?aid that he de
sired to call attention to the fact that j
St. Paul was given the advantage of I
seeing this marvellous work of inven- j
t:ve genius before 'it had been shown I
In any of th? g- eater cities of the world, j
The inventor had died before hi« work j
was wholly completed, but the theory ;
of Mr. McDonough had been developed ;
t> a rema;rka.ble degree and the pic
tares would prove that the invention
was no longer •speculative. He direoted ;
attention to the exhibition of the color
schema in three ribbons of gr«en, blue
and red on the canvass. The pictures
would be thrown through the;e ribbo c, j
quaJified as to their distinctive features i
in order to produce white light.
The apparatus for the throwing of
pictures was put in operation and mar
vellously natural color effects were pro
duced. Most of the pictures were pho
tographs made in the parka of Chicago
aiul all of them exhibited marvellous
fidelity to life in the coloring. Some
big clusters of flowera were shown
where all of the tints of the rainbow
were presented. There were beauti
fully brought out. Perhaps the moat
ertriking of the pictures shown wetre
portraits where flesh tints were beauti
fully shown.
The applause eVicited by the pictures
waa spontaneous, crttteal' and quite en
thusiastic. The exhibition was in two
parts and in the intermission Dr. East
nian made some remarks goin*r to show
the advantages that woirid be guined
by science and in business by the in
vention. He said thait the invention of
Mr. McDonough w»3 in line with the
disooveries of Te*!a aad went back to j
the source of all life and li«"ht— the
control of the pure white H«rht of the
sun's rays. He said that from the art
pcJnt of view the discovery was the
greatest of the century, and that its
educationaJ advantages could not now
be measured.
At the close of the programme the
fidelity of color photography was beau
tifully illustrated in the show-ing of a i
picture in which the colors of flowers \
were brought out by candle light, the
flame of the candle being absolutely
true as to color.
the ice peaks of th.9 arctic regions, en- I
ecu niter no obstacle tn their range of
10.000 miles till they break upon the
rocks of the island that forms the
ecstern outpost of the Antilles. In a
moderate breeze the boom of the surf
— , !
THE PO!ROt7PIVE PISH.
oar be plainly heard from, the Inland
hilla of San Jua«n. In a gal© its thuii
| ders resemble the echo of a formidabl
carnonadi?, aawl the rutoh of the vav. s
is a Fight not eaey to forgot.
Only such surfs bring up spoils from
the deeper trearore caves ot the ocean,
and a few hours' hunt in the sheli
n-oiwvds of Puint«. Negra, eatft of ftai;
Juan, v.v>uld suffice to stook a private
muse-vim with nxarln-e ourlos. Near
Arcmcea, a few miles further eaat, ver
liable shell hills are found at a datai.c
of 2,000 paces from the chore and at
an elevation indicating either the grad
ual upheaval of the coast or the pro
pulsive force of occasional north gales
But no storms can leave appreciable
mementoes of thedr power in the jungle^
of the West Indiam o..a.vt forest 3. In
the open fields isolated palms may kiss
the very dust o propitiate the fury of
a cyclone, anid after all get caught Ii
a cross squall ar.d arspped asun<J<-r lik •
carrots; but in the. heart of the virgin
■woods an irtrieate tamgrle of trees and
Manas or bos-h rc<nu=; forms a mutual
prutectiv.? as3soolatloii that can defy :h
WfTst g-alffl of the tropics.
Seme species of liai-ias, however, in
sure their customers for purposes o.
their own; the m-ata palos will strangl
large forest trees till they wither to
m*re shells; then drop Its colls fro:n th
decaying top brancht« like a vegetebl
OOtopoa, swaying its arms in quest *if
prey, and incidentally strike rott a^aln
so that a stasjle tfnusjder may pursu
its work of destytjk.<son ai-mg a track
of several th tisa:i<l yards.
Another species of bush rope, th*
musk liana, perfumes whole mountain
sides with its pungent odors, and at
(i itain times of the year often betrays
the neighborhood of the roast to night
storm-tossed mariners of the Caribbe
an sea.
The esplnasso palm, in its armor of
x \\, i U
THE CUBAN CORONET PIGEON.
Ihick-set black spines, resembles a
vegetable porcupine, but in grotesque
appearance is>not rarely surpassed by i
th<- palma real, that swells out as an
elevation of some forty feet above
ground, and then tapers a,?ain to th"
bttse of its leafy crest, thus giving the
trunk the outline of a spindle or of a
tiirnip. pul'.el-out. leaves and all and
somehow balanced on th^ tip of Its tan
rcot. i
Explorers ofthe primeval forest have
to ascend to -an altitude of 3,000 feet
before they at last emerge into hill
parks resembling our northern pine
foiests; but it \tmuld make modern
hunters smiles to iremember the com
plaint of »he first' Spanish settlers that
the pleasure -if the chase in the West ;
Indian vJßderSeas) was marred by the i
absent c of iuadrupeds.
■There are immense coast swamps,
but neither bears nor boars," says the
chronicle of Diego Columbus; "there
an- no deer in the woods, and no sheep
on the mountain, meadows. We did not
even pee rabbits, and. though the for
ests abound vHh fruit, there is not a
single species of monkey. Birds there
are. in c rantless variety, and they
seem to have crowded Kit their four
footed fellow creatures in this land of
marvels."
Time has changed all that, and if
there are now any birds at all they
•we their survival merely to the »tr-
BROWNING, KING & CO.
Qilt=Edged Bargains=Mondav
f}* fill!' Men's Cosy Ulsters. c
I >Vr*Vil Perfect garments, warm and cosy; made with *n| 1 ill
r<\ \y ftL hlffh stortn coll ar; cut extra long; handsome Ox- f rl» #VV
/A^r/ v\ ford Frieze; our Ulsters fit perfectly and won't f
I \ \ encumber you in the least; always $13.50. Onlj *
>V» * -] Men's Frieze Overcoats
Jj&ffiri ii Handsome assortment of Frieze Overcoats; deep *S IJ ■
P -^ \l I velvet collar, plaid lining; perfectly finished— coats V I
ifil.' Jv that fit » han £ and look for all th e world like other 111
Ail in ' k-3 stores' sls coats. Only M>\J
% & Smoking JacketS=Superb Assortment.^
/ Unquestionably the handsomest assortment of #R»% •3!i
'/ *«* Gentlemen's Smoking- Jackets in town. All the 1
- newest effects in fancy stripes, double-faced ma- I V
]WT terials, etc. Prices rangfe from $4.50 to $13.50... V
'*" Sele ct a Jacket now. If it doesn 't fit we 'II exchange it any time.
$ 5 Knee Suits. Boys' Warm Reefers. CJ
,^°c- d V c P i aCe ° o S^ le 3^ mQ Boys ' heay y Iri3h Fri *ze Reef- Vs^l
200 $o Knee-Pant Suits; tf^ C rs; high storm collar, fancy <£— JjF»Lr
D.-B. coats ; very heavy * J lining extremely heavy, cut V C ~ jT^V
weight, splendid assortment extra long ; regular $7 50 / I \\
of serviceable patterns. All Lf coat. Only fj // °' »-1 \
sizes, 7to 15 years. / J *H \
•LM Flannel Waists. Yonths' $10 Suits. M/'.W
„, _ , _ Handsome Tan Tweed Suits, \ Ai ° • .
Blue, Gray and Tan /A n ver7 Dest goods, sub- tf r A \^» U /
Flannel Waists and 7 U stantially made, nicely " .h^
Blouses, always $1.00. 7\7%r cut, all sizes. Monday, fi V^-T h$
Monday 3 for $1.00. ttxJ* only If / T
each \ /I /
50c Flannel Waists. B °y s> $2 Lon S Paflts - WW
Bi ff lot of Outing ~- Our Boys' Black and rA \K /
Flannel Waists, always 1 U Gray on S PatltS ' al - s l^ W |] W
50c. Each... ;.. rS r ways $2, all sues. l_ 1
kdxJ\j Monday, only \ £/ i^v
W FOf sis HERE ARE J
I These JL MONEY-SPENDING OPPORTUNITIES 8
% Da ys 1 Whicll Should Not Be overlook^- £
g I/O J J* JWSeagl3L» Alr-tlght Heaters $105
LOWEST 'IBaßß2m Brick-liaed Sheet Iron Heatera ........... !'.!!!'.S3!bO 5
5E PRTCFS in Favorite Oak, for Coal or Wood $5 95 »
Wm . . mß^Tt Sdlf-feeder, Base Burger* $10,50 d
A the Clt y' not tf^BPSS& A larsr * PaM-^ralngr Self-feeder and Double Heater,
Z for one day, mPP9|mKII worth lao.oo. now $18.50
I but for cv mi^M@^W^ * exchange New Stoves for Old. We carry ail kinds of Stove ©
A uut i^ 1 cv P^^SS^lO^ir Pay freight 100 miles.
S that' h~t" r * &> * ** WE «»B EXOLUBIVE AGENTS ff»OR @
I T^, a ,: rir% d r. mm coral heaters and |
§S: pfSV o on. n S n w Th BRILLIANT SUNSHINE HEATERS, I
I #»«t rAli'aht* Furn!tiiri« Par *v , eM ,i T r ? th * f 2 mo "* Coal-saver. and Heat-producers. We have ©
£ eST, roiiaDlO rurniCUre, V^ar- them io all sixes. la addition we carry "The Favorite." "The West
A pets, Stoves and House Point," "The Imperial," "N»rman" and other well known makes.
X Furnishings of the newest Special Sale on Iron Beds.
£ styles, the latest patterns i, eM than yon c buy them for anywhert elße lm the world A
£ and greatest wearing at- carload ja»t received.
Z tributes in the state today. i^ftH I *?^ 6l1 *! 118161 * lron ■••* ( like cut )- 9
f' i I , , ,/ i*Slc I - -». *«is D «d has I '4-uich po»ts, four cqats of blcy- fi
in Short, a place Where the L«(*S*Sk^y>i «1« enamel, large brass knobs, and is superbly J
wants of the people can be TOaSMP^CJ ftn i»h«d. For one week we win »cii this bed, Wf
, i_ t , t^ ■ »» Xdfed^H ntt«d wjth a fine woven wire spring and on eft
easiest and cheapest sup* Iv.^ i^^TVJ extra good cotton top mat- **£ JB c
I plied. +<iSy^X±r** tro»s, all cpjnplete for HlOa^frO W
W r l This outfit is cheap at $0.00. £|
A Th« U/I«» and Economical Are Our Patrons. A
| Wallblom Furniture and Carpet Qo. I
1 136-138-140-142 Bast 6fh Street. |
cumstanee that cats are slow breeders
and that dogs and pigs cannot climb.
Several species of ground birds, like
pheasants and jungle cocks, have been
almost exterminated by the enormous
multiplication of runaway pigs, and
the West Indian turkey of the uplands
may fail to hold its own against the
similar Increase of ownerless curs.
The tree-birds, however, are safe.
Ortly the total destruction of the rank
coast forests could endanger the sur
vival of some twenty species of par
rots of the gorgeous, but wary, mac
aws, the Iria crows, horn-bills, pigeons
and countless tropical relatives of our
thrushes and orlolea. They rear their
broods safely, four out of five times,
though there are numerous birds of
prey, from the palm eagle to several
dwarfish varieties of hawks, one of
them not as heavy as a common spav
row, though Its long tail makes it look
a little larger. It is found both in
Cuba and San Domingo, and Jamaica
boasts the smallest of all birds thus
far discovered, a pale green coiSbii, or
humming bird, that can perch on a
child's finger tip, like a June bug, and
hides its nest on the lower side of an
ordinary-sized leaf. The hocco, or
tree-cork, on the other hand, attains
a weight of fifteen pounds, and to off
set its limited flying capacity has be
come as cautious as an anarchist in a
Russian garrison town. It builds its
nest in the top branches of lofty forest
trees, amidst clusters of Spanish mosr.,
that make its discovery extremely dif
ficult, and moreover takes wing at tht
slightest suspicious noise.
Still harder to approach is tht
manatee, in its aquatic pastures,
among the deltas of the coast riven*.
Naturally, the river cow is by no
means a shy creature, but bitter ex
perience has changed its habits since
the time when its ancestors "rose from
the water like nu.rmaids," to scan the
boat's crew of Juan Velasquez with
curious eyes. The survivors now stick
to the ur.navigrable lagoons: but fool
hardy youngsters are caught alive ev
ery now and then, and can be seen
ir. the ponds of many public parks,
vhere they gvt tame enough to come
t-> a whittle :i»id waddle ashore for a
handful of cabbage leaves.
Prof Vogt enumerates some forty
rr.ethods of migration by v.h'-h inserts
can reach distant islands, and the rest
less colonizers have not failed to pr«-
empt the soil of the West Indian
archipelago from the shore of the man
grove swamps to the summit rocks of
the Sierra Maestra. They recognize
no land titles, and It would test the
ingenuity of an architect to build fin
Insect-proof dwelling house. A circ '.e
--moat of swift running water might
fall to exclude the armies of robber
ants that cross mountain brooks by
dint of sheer desperate energy, while
some varieties of misroscopic emmets
might assemble on a dry leaf and wait
their chance to be wafted acrops by a
favorable breeze Twilight gnats could
slip through a common mosquito bar,
like rats through a rail fence, and some
species <>t dark blue dauber hornf-t.v
would encamp close to the lintel of the
door and post sentries to watch for a
business opening.
The largest of ihe two or three spe
cies of indigenous quadrupeds, the
hutla, or bush rat, has maintained Its
priority claims against some twenty
generations of coloists, but the two
legged aborigines are hovering on the
verge of total extinction. In 1550 their,
aggregate number still exceeded l,"» 00
-.-000; in 1600 they had dwindled to less
than 100,000, and at present there are
only three email settlements of full
breed Lucavans, two of which can hold
STEALING UUETtV DOWSE STAIRS.
their own only by admitting Caucasian
squatters, that will soon compel them
to relinquish the characteristic r-ostums*
of their ancestors. Their last inde
pendent settlement is that of the Sierra
de Valcarras, near the old military
overland road from Nuevitas to San
tiago de Cuba. They are taciturn, shy
and as clannish as the Veddas of
Southern Ceylon. As long as their
scant crops of Indian corn can be eked
out with forest spoils they will not ap
proach the lowland pueblos, and even
thflr youngsters flee like scared rab
bits at sight of a stranger exhibiting
thr; shas??y front of the ogres that de
stroyed so many millions of their fore
fathers. For centuries only exploring
miners now and then visited their set
tlement, but the lower valley of the
Valcarras river is now getting speckled
with the cabins of stock farmers, and
at their advance the aborigines gradu
ally retreat to the bleak highlands—
the last refuge of a defeated race.
— F. L. Oswald.
A Jeweled Globe.
Tho shah has in his palace at Teheran a
12-inch globe, upon which the parts of th«
worM are set out In Jewels of various color*
— E-cgland with rubies, India with diamonds,
the sea with emeralds, and so on.