The Saint Paul globe., November 28, 1898, Image 1

About The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905

Image provided by: Minnesota Historical Society; Saint Paul, MN

                
VOL. XXI.— NO. 332.
COMMERCE OF THE WORLD
Origin of Trade in Asia Three Thousand Years Before
the Dawn of the Christian Era.
EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE IN THE ORIENT
Grade Methods Employed in Its Condact The Caravan
and the Coast Trader The Process of Linking
States Together The Exports ol Ancient Greece
Corinth and Her Consals at Mercantile Ports.
I.
THE ORIGIN OF COMMERCE .
Although the pursuit of commerce
has been one of the most important ele
ments associated with the progress of
the world's civilization, the study of
its history and the features which have
contributed to its power, as well as the
methods by which its advancement has
been made, is one which has received
less attention and more of absolute
neglect than any other department of
general history.
Of the thoughtful citizens of today
who are witnessing the remarkably im
portant position which the United
States ls assuming among the nations
I of the earth, very few realize the fact
that commerce is closing a circuit of
the globe after a march of nearly 6,000
years, with North America and the
Pacific ocean as the terminating limits
of its pathway. It is an Interesting re
flection, too, that, after this prolonged
period, the spirit of trade, which orig
inated in Asia 8,000 years before the
dawn of the Christian era, is now re
turning after its 25,000 miles of explo
ration and development to its own
threshold, meanwhile beating down the
western walls of the Chinese empire,
•which have so long been the barrier
to the advancement of modern civiliza
tion ln the Orient.
It is becoming more and more evi
dent that this world was made for man.
In his early existence he was prob
ably no more rapacious than in these
later days. He must needs seek the
means of livelihood as soon as he
reached a self-supporting period of life.
This he did ln various ways. We are
told he dwelt ln caves and clothed him
self with the skins of the animals he
slaughtered. In time, however, he ;
learned that there were more skins than ,
he lequired for his own use; that these
could be used by his distant neighbors, ,
who produced something he himself |
1 • needed and was unable to produce, and
through this simple process developed
the system of barter and exchange.
Little by little, year by year, the an
cient traders spread themselves over
Asia, moving constantly to the west
ward and Increasing in their knowl
edge of their trading craft as time
went on. In those days they were mer
chantmen on land and did not trust
their treasures to the waves or the sea.
We find ln the Book of Genesis of our
own Bible records of these merchant
men carrying into different territories
their stocks of balm and myrrh, spices,
almonds, frankincense, wines and the
like. From other sources came stores
of ivory, feathers, skins and gold. Ev
ery schoolboy has read with Interest the
Btorles of the caravans and camels on
the desert; and so realistic have been
the pictures drawn of these Nomadic
traders that one could almost gather
the odor of the frankincense and myrrh
into his nostrils from the volume which
he read. To this day these caravans,
with their camels, arrive and depart
at Cairo and other Eastern points much
after the manner ln which they did ln
the days of the prophets.
LINKING STATES TOGETHER.
With the development of commerce
came the linking into closer union the
sections of different countries, and
finally the creation of states and the
erection of great cities, the centers ol
wealth, and luxury and power. But
aaoodaited with this growth was the
it atottay vt other states thus created
t* and thus blessed with wealth and lux
ury and power. Human rivalry be
came active, and competition was en
larged, thus bringing into play every
element that could contribute to tha
greater effldeDCy of trade and Its more
splendid productiveness. One can Imag
ine the force of this competition ln
the development of all that was beau
tiful ln Oriental art. thus supplying a
standard for the generations and cen
turies that were to come. Through
TODAYS BULLETIN.
Pact .
I—Commerce1 — Commerce of the World.
Sr&!n Will Mgn Treaty.
Rix\>rd-Rrealrtng Blizzard.
Broadway Blocked.
Delay Denied Pic Quart.
J— Political Plums Ripe.
Aid Asked for College.
Dearth's Annual Report.
3 — Ballot Law Reform.
4— Editorial.
St. Paul Trade,
6— Week's Market* Reviewed.
Sporting News.
6— Postal Department Report.
Open-Door Policy.
7— Minneapolis Matters.
News of the Northwest.
Porto Rican Poor.
B— Series of Dairy Lectures.
Now Chapel Dedicated.
Church Debt Lifted.
ATLANTIC LIVERS,
NEW YORK— Arrived: La Touralne, Havre.
Sailed: Lucanis. Liverpool; Manitou, Lon
don; La Norrr.nndle, Havre; SpaarndaiiY, Rot
terdam; Patriu. Hamburg; Rotterdam, Rot
terdam.
Ql'T-ENSTOWN— Sailed: Steamer Campania-
Liverpool, for New York.
TODAY'S EVE XTS.
METROPOLITAN— "A Fair Rebel." BPM
GRAND— "Ji Female Drummer," 815 PM
Tcilni Gardea-^Laudevllle. 2 and 7 PM
", d mt c c ?« Cl01 vs * Carn<? T. Washburn
building. S PM.
6t. Viueent's church bazar. Blair and Lafond
streets, evening.
St. Paul Commons Literary and Social club
meets. $ PM.
i Concert. F'nst Baptist church 6 PM
Recital. .Visa Milch. Dyer's hall, West Filth
street, evening.
City pastors meet. Plymouth church, 10 AM
Meih.-tfint ministers meet. Central Pirk V
E. church. 2:80.
Re.-ei.uo_i, Ham Una M. X. church. I PH.
THE ST. PAUL GLOBE
the travel of the merchantmen over
large areas of territory, explorations of
new localities were constant, and the
enlargement of knowledge was ever
taking place. Social life became pos
sessed of more attractions, and lt was
the beginning of a system of general
education pursued throughout the ages
to the present time. New tastes were
constantly being developed, and new
commodities were brought forth to sup
ply the demand therefor.
In the matter of detail much obscur
ity prevails bearing directly upon the
trading of the earlier ages, other than
the knowledge supplied by the Bible.
Expert students, therefore, on this sub
ject make no attempt to penetrate his
torically beyond 1500 B. C. At that
date China and Japan were active con
tributors to the world as then exist
ing; and now, 3,500 years later, with
commerce having made the circuit of
the globe, these ancient countries of
the Orient, with their tremendous pop
ulation, are beckoning from the East
to all productive nations, and espe
cially to the western Shores of our own
new country, for a supply ao enormous
in its proportions that all the great na
tions of Europe have, figuratively
speaking, their hands upon each other's
throats ln their struggle for a share
in the distribution of this trade.
TYRE AND SIDON.
The Phoenicians are entitled to
the oredlt historically of hav
ing taken first rank ln com
mercial activity and importance on
both land and sea. These were prac
tically Canaanltee, who had been sub
jugated by the Hebrews, and, driven at
last to the western shore of Judea, they
were granted a resting place or foot
hold on the slopes of the Mediterranean.
Out of these adverse conditions the
trading instinct more and more devel
oped, until the famed cities of Tyre and
Bldon sprang into existence.
It was in connection with these
points that maritime trade first ap
pears in the history of commerce. Their
people were adventurous and familiar
with the sea, and a coasting trade with
other parts of Asia was developed in
great proportions. This was conduct
ed by means of barks, rowed by strong
men and hugging the shores olosely
to avoid the dangers of the tempests.
Their field of enterprise consisted large
ly of the Arabian and Indian seas and
their coasts. They, ateo, secured rights
for the navigation of the Nile. In their
trade operations they were the means
ot bringing nearly all points of the
Oriental countries into communication
with one another. City after city
sprang into existence, and for a pe
riod there was little or po indulgence
in actual warfare, the Inclinations of
all being towards peaceful contest and
colonization tn different sections to Se
cure larger consumption of products.
But later the War spirit took hold of
the ancients, and the famous city of
Sidon was ruined by Nebuchadneazar.
The city of Tyre yielded later to the
forces of Alexander tho Great, and
their ruins are today nothing more
than the humble homes of petty fisher
men. From 1500 B. C. to 300 B. C. Phoe
nicia maintained an almost undisturb
ed pre-eminence. Her trade had ex
tended so far west as Spain and north
ward to the Baltic. In fact, it reached
the limits of the then known world,
and many of the principal ports of
Western Europe of today had their
origin in the scheme of colonization
conducted by the Phoenicians.
RISE AND FALL OF CARTHAGE.
Out of the spirit of political discon
tent, emigration by tbe Phoenicians
came to be almost enforced. Carthage,
on the north coast of Africa and ln
the bay of Tunis, was one of the col
onies thus established near the middle
of the ninth century B. C, and from
that date to the beginning of the
Christian era it was a dominant cen
ter of trade.
This center, more than any other,
developed the earliest evidences of the
extreme mercenary spirit associated
with Phoenician trade. Here, too, the
blight of negro slavery spread Itself
and, ln large measure, assisted ln the
final destruction and downfall of the
community. The lands cultivated by
the Carthagenians were fertile and well
adapted for the employment of this de
grading servitude. But the arts and
manufactures received great stimula
tion by the intelligence and talents of
this people. They were a skillful folk
and did more than any other ancient
nation to extend the boundaries of
Phoenician Influence beyond the Med
iterranean. It is to these people, also,
that credit is due for the introduction
of the system of exchange now so In
dispensable ln commercial nations the
world over. They also advanced money
on vessels, which did much to enlarge
the fleets of those days and to more
completely distribute the products. The
Carthagenians were Jealous of their
credit; but their grasping tendencies at
last had the effect of undermining the
whole fabric of their system, and this
end was assisted by the persistence
with which they extracted all their la
bor ln their vineyards, their olive gar
dens and in the care of their herds
from the negro slave. Rome at last
overthrew this community; the old
Carthage, with all Its greatness, de
parted, and no ingenuity has been dis
covered capable of resurrecting its an
cient spirit of activity.
BABYLON AND NINEVEH.
Assyria, with her famous capitals of
Nineveh and Babylon, became, in the
progress of time, the great rival of
Phoenicia Babylonia comprised a
great alluvial district on either side of
the river Euphrates and had a con
fluence with the Tigris. It was a re
gion practically rainless; but under a
skilfully applied system of Irrigation
the fertility of the soil wa* marveloua-
MONDAY MORNING NOVEMBER 28, 1898.
ly developed. Although located ln a
highly productive section, its gTaatness
and wealth sprang largely from its ad
vantageous position for trade between
and with the caravans. It was prac
tically in the very highway of com
merce, as conducted under the methods
then prevailing.
Boats of light wood, covered with
skins, were used in the navigation of
the Euphrates and the Tigris. As an
indication of the rudeness of the meth
ods employed, it is recorded that, ow
ing to the force of the currents of the
Euphrates, these craft could not be
employed ln ascending the stream.
When, therefore, the descent of the
river was completed, the boats were
broken up_ the wood bartered away
and the skins were packed on the
backs of asses, which carried them to
the point of departure for use in cov
ering newly created craft. Later, how
ever, the traders learned to set sails
In their boats, and the passage was
effected in either direction.
It was Nebuchadnezzar who gave to
Babylon its greatest era of prosperity.
But later its moral corruption led to
its downfall. The course of the Eu
phrates was diverted from its bed
In 638 B. C. during a siege. In 324 B.
C. Alexander the Great attempted a
restoration of its commerce, but died
before a completion of his plans, and
by the beginning of the Christian era
Babylon was little more than a mass
of ruins, and by 300 A. D. the entire
Assyrian trade had practically sunk
into a condition of decay from which
it never revived.
THE TRADE OF EGYPT.
The character and quality of the
Egyptian trade is probably better com
prehended than that of any other na
tion, because of the frequent references
thereto found in the Bible. This peo
ple were slow to trade beyond the bor
ders of their own country. Egypt seem
ed to shrink from outer intercourse,
notwithstanding its great productive
ness. From 1500 B. C to the begin
ning of the Christian era the advance
ment of this nation In trade was prac
tically unbroken. Thenoe forward,
however, lt declined abruptly until 200
A. D., when lt became extinct, only to
again attain any subsequent signifi
cance during the past fifty years of the
present century. The Nile valley is
famous for its varied gifts of the ma
terial for commerce, and its future im
portance to trade cannot be estimat
ed. Egyptian fabrics were the beat
known among the Oriental races. The
people were Industrious, temperate,
readily amenable to laws, self-support
ing and of grave demeanor. They
established a system for negotiating
leans on security • they prohibited usury
and limited the rights of creditors only
to the property of their debtorp. Not
withstanding the double seacoast of
Egypt, her people were, in ancient
times, averse to navigation, and the
country being untimbered they were
not possessed of material of which to
create vessels. Hence th# trading was
carried on ohieiiy by caravans. Later,
however, under the stimulation afforded
by intercourse with the Phoenicians, of
whom the wood, iron and copper neces
sary were obtained, Egypt beoame pos
sessed of a fleet of some 400 vessels, and
by this means carried on a valuable
coasting trade and even extended com
merce as far as India. In 626 B. C. the
mouths of all rivers of Egypt were
opened to navigation, and this fact led
to the innovation of Greeks as mer
chants. The conquest by the Persians
occurred ln 628 B. C, and during the
next two centuries and until its oon
quest by Alexander the Great Egyp
tian manufacturing was greatly accel
erated, and wealth increased manifold.
The conqueror founded the city of
Alexandria, and Its convenience as a
mart for trade between the East and
the West enabled lt to easily assume
Importance as a center of trade.
Ptolemy Lagos was one of the later
princes who paid special attention to
the development of the commerce of
his country. He created a strong navy,
established a superb merchant marine
and entered into commercial treaties
with other nations; and his son Phila
delphus caused a ship canal to be
opened connecting the Red sea with
the Nile.
Alexandria, from 800 B. C. to 700 A. D.,
occupied a commanding Qosltion, but at
the last named date Its commerce be
oame extinct, to revive again at the be
ginning of the twelfth century, and from
that time to the present its importanoe
has been variable, with some improve
ment within the past century.
THE COMMERCE OF GREECE.
It is generally believed by historians
that to the Phoenician* Greece was
largely indebted for the quickening of
her trade inspiration, but there is an
abundance of evidence that the instinct
was native to the race. Their accom
plishments in connection with com
merce have reared many monuments
to the activity of the nation, and,
while it is historically admitted that
"no single city of Greece ever contain
ed within itself the wealth of Carthage
or Tyre, the republic of Athens, in its
best days, attained >% prosperity never
reached even by Babylon."
Greece is seated ln the Mediterran
ean, with three sides of her shore line
bathed by the waters of that sea. It
was not unnatural, therefore, that the
proverbially restless spirit of that pee
ple should impel them to the waves
of the ocean, and that these should be
possessed of many attractions, especial
ly for the more adventurous. We know,
regretfully, that they were disposed
too freely to sail the seas for booty
and with piratical purpose. But the
legitimate commerce of Greece, with its
resulting accumulation of great wealth,
used with Intelligence combined with
the most exalted taste, made contri
butions to the world's refinement and
culture ln a larger degree than that
derived from any other community of
antiquity. The Athenians made no re
strictions upon trade, and, as a conse
quence, their harbors were crowded
with the craft of every trading nation.
Corn was imported from Egypt, Pal
estine and Sicily; from Macedonia and
Thrace came timber; ivory and gold
fiom Africa; linen and paper from
Egypt. From the North were received
furs and skins and horses and gold.
The exports of Greece comprised wine,
oil, figs, wax, honey, olives, besides
the textile products of their looms and
the Grecian works of art ln iron and
marble, which have proved the foun
dation for everything ennobling in
these branches of industrial produc
tion. The architecture of Athens and
of Corinth, directly the result of the
wealth and splendor and refined taste
of those centers, has become the
ideal for the study of and reproduction
by the modern world. With Greece
began the adoption and creation of a
system of coinage. The first ln use
were of iron and brass, but later
Athens created coins of gold and sil
ver and a standard of value was affixed
to them, which enabled them to pass
current everywhere. The city of Cor
inth instituted the system of appoint
ing consuls at mercantile porta.
tTo be continued..
SPM WILL SM
HIS FINAL INSTRUCTION SENT TO
SEXOR RIOS AT PARIS
FROM MADRID
SENOR SAGASTA URGED
TO STAND ON DIGNITY
ONB SPANISH JOURNAL PREFERS
TO SEE PHILIPPINES GO
BY BEFAILT
FEAR OF THE CARLISTS
IS SPFCIFICALLY DENIED
Madrid Admit* That Spain Will Ac.
cept tbe lltlmatnm of America
and Slgrn a Treaty Before the
Time Limit Whle.h Hm Been Fix.
Ed Etxplre* Apparently Surren
der Will Be Without Condi lions.
MADRID. Nov. 27.— The cabinet has
agreed upon the instructions to Senor
Montero Rios, president of the Spanish
peace commission, for tomorrow's Joint
session at Paris, at which the treaty
will be signed.
El Imparclal exhorts the government
to refuse with dignity American of
fers and to protest against America's
proposition regarding the Philippines.
Bl Correo denies the reports that an
Insurrection has broken out in the
Sulu Islands.
A red book dealing with the peace
negotiations ls being prepared.
There is a good deal of comment
upon a dispatch from Gibraltar an
nouncing the arrival there during this
month of 180 new model cannon.
PASSING OF AN EMPIRE.
After Today Spain Will Be Only a
Third-Rate Power.
LONDON, Nov. 28.— The Paris corre
spondent of the Times says: "It may
be regarded that Spain will accept the
peace conditions and sign the treaty,
perhaps even without a pretest Thus
her colonial empire will disappear for
ever, and the day is not far distant
when the patrimony ©f the United
States accruing to them under pros
perity, the value of the islands with
good administration, will have Increas
ed four-fold the sum of the terrible
war Indemnity France paid to Ger
many."
The Madrid correspondent of the
Standard says: "The cabinet has con
cluded that the wisest policy is to
adopt the American terms, leaving to
the Spanish commission ars full power
to secure the best pos2_ jle Indemnity
and to place on record, i_f American
commissioners will permit, a protest
against the American interpretation of
the protocol as affecting the Pt._l.p
plnes and the whole peace negotia
tions generally.
"The decision of the cabinet is ap
proved in political and financial oir
cles. I understand, however, that the
deliberations of the ministers were
very protracted. Senor Sagasta, Duke
Almodevar de Rio and Senor Puig
cerver had great difflcu-ty to induce
their colleagues to accept this small
Indemnity. Evidently, the situation is
hard and critical, but ministers say
Senor Sagasta is determined to con
front all opposition until the oortes ls
convoked, probably at the end of De
cember, when he will demand a votß
of confidence, virtually signifying ap
proval of the treaty and the preserva
tion of his party."
SPAIN SUBMITS.
Unless the Unexpected Happens the
Treaty Win Be Slgrned.
PARIS, Nov. 27. — Senor Montero
Rios, president of the Spanish peace
<jommlßsion, is this evening waiting
for the reply from the Spanish govern
ment, and, unless there is some change
in the situation before tomorrow, the
reply will be an acceptance under pro
test of the American offer of $20,000,
--000 for the Philippines. Even up to a
late hour this evening telsigrams have
been exchanged between the Spanish
Commissioners and Madrid, but all the
officials ln a position to speak with
accuracy are convinced that the fore
going is the substance of the Spanish
reply. Senor Arbruzzi said tonight
that he ls sure ther© will be no break
ln the peace negotiations.
Marquis de Comalaa, head of various
Philippine interests, said this evening
that Spain had nothing to do but to
yield. "Nothing that we have done
here," said the marquis, "haß made
an impression upon ths minds of the
American commissioners. From the
very flrst their Intention was to take
the Philippines, and they have never
wavered."
There ls no truth in the report ca
bled here from Washington that, in the
last American memorandum, a de
mand for the Suiu group had been
added to the previous American de
mands. The original American de
mand was upon territory within lines
longitudinally and latitudinally defin
ed. It will include the so-called Sulu
group. There has been no change since
the first demand, and, acosrdlng to the
statement of one of th* American
commissioners, there will be no modi
fication of It.
]l WASHINGTON, Nov. 27.— The following j|
1 1 report of deaths amon; tha American |l
I. forcea at Manila was received from Gen. ?
1 1 Otl* by the war deportment today: ( ,
1 1 Manila, Nov. * 27.— Adjutant General, ji
1 1 Washlngton^-Following 4««.__b since last ,'
i, report: ,'
ji Nov. a— Frank M. Hanen, jrivate, Com- i]
1 1 pany X, First North Dakota, dysentery; ji
1 1 Olet Lakken. private. Company X, First ,'
I, North Dakota, typhoid fever. l]
1 1 Nov. 22— Clyde Perkins, private, Com- { \
1 1 pany X, Second Oregon. wn^llpox; Walter J I
|j Downing, private. Company L, First Col- ( '
1 1 orado, dysentery. i 1
1 1 Nov. 23— Charles McKlnnon, private, ||
ij Company F, Second Oregon, smallpox. ]i
I, Nov. 25— Robert Davidson, private. Com- ij
ji pany G, Fourteenth United States hi- I,
( i fantry, malarial fever; Jamea M. Clark, ji
i[ private. Company X, First South Dakota, ]'
1 1 dysentery. ]'
,
SPAIN'S "MEN ON HOH9EBACK"-PI(Tl REl.Ql'l}, BUT RATHER TIRE
SOME.
—Chicago Record.
DENIED BY M. DUPOT
PICQUART COURT MARTIAL WTLL
NOT WAIT UPON THB DREY
FUS CASE
ALLEGED EVIDENCE OF GUILT
Le Solr Asserts That the Plecjuart
Dossier Contains Unanswerable
Proof of the Guilt of the Ban
ished Officer Decision of tbe
Premier to Be Announced ln the
Chamber of Deputies Today.
ANTWERP, Nov. 27.— The Droits do
l'Homme asserts that MaJ. Comte
Ferdinand Walsln Eterhazy has sailed
for the United States.
PARIS, Nov. 27.— There was a re
newal today of yesterday's conferences
between the premier, M-Dupuy, the min
ister for war, M. De Freycinet, and the
minister of justice, !M. Le Bret, and
members of both chambers regarding
tha request of the committee of the
Leftist senators for a postponement,
until after the decision of -the court of
cassation in the Dreyfus affair, of the
trial of Col. Picquart, oharged with
revealing important military docu
ments to his counsel.
As a result of the conferences it is
understood that M. Dupuy, who had
promised to refer the request to the
cabinet and to give a reply today, -vclll
decline to postpone the Picquart court
martial. His deolslon vrlll be announc
ed in the chamber of deputies tomor
row.
This afternoon M. Dupuy had several
conversations with M. De Freycinet at
the office of the ministry of war. He
is supposed to have gone there to in
spect certain documents only obtain
able at the war office, in Connection
with the Dreyfus case.
Gen. Zurlinden, military governor
of Paris, in an official note today, re
pudiates the Insinuation that his de
cision to send Col. Picquart for trial
by court martial was prompted or sug
gested by President Faure.
Le Soir asserts that the Picquart dos
sier contains "new and unanswerable
proofs of the guilt of Dreyfus."
Le Jour, in a sensational article, de
clares that the secret dossier consti
tutes the only real proof of Dreyfus'
guilt. It gives details in a circumstan
tial manner as to the documents In
the package, and promises further
revelations.
The Picquart excitement is growing
in intensity. The signatures to the
popular protest against Qen. Zurlm
den's action are now up ln the thou*
sands. A publio meeting will be held
tomorrow night under the auspices of
many members of the institute to pro
test against the court martial. Despite
the court's decision that it cannot in
terfere with Gen. Zurlinden's right »0
fix the date of the court martial, there
are strong hopes of some new turn in
affairs that will result ln postponing
the Picquart military trial until the
court of cassation has given judgment
in the Dreyfus revision proceedings. A
duel was fought today between Maxime
Dreyfus and M. Leplc, a journalist.
Neither was injured. #
CONCESSION _FROM SULTAN.
America Obtains What the Powers
Have Failed to Secure.
CONSTANTINOPLE, Nov. 27.— The
action of Oscar S. Straus, the United
' States minister, has obtained a conoes
, sion which the united powers have been
I for eighteen months vainly endeavor
| ing to secure, namely, the granting of
traveling permits to foreigners in the
interior of Asia Minor.
The immediate Incentive to the action
of Mr. Straus was the Porte's refusal
of permits to American missionaries.
MAD MULLAH^ CROSSES.
Fishtlns on the Swat Frontier
With tbe British Soldier*.
SIMLA, Nov. tl.— The mad mullah,
uho, with 800 men, has been threaten
ing to pass the Swat frontier, has
crossed the Swat river, and fighting
has occurred between his followers and
the Indo-British forces.
Trainman Killed.
ROANOKE, Va., Nov. 27.— A northbound
fast freight on the Shenandoah division ot the
Norfolk & Western railway, went through a
bridge near Riverside, fihy-aeven njllea north
j of Roanoke today. Fireman Joseph Stevens
was instantly killed: Brakeman I>avid Winger
! fatally injured, and Engineer Stephen Mayo
severely scalded by escaping steam. The
train was loaded with live stock and some
of the cars were demolished, killing a ooti
gidersblO aujabw <A tbe «*Uie_
pri6e Trett^Tg^risgfc:
DRIFTS IN BROADWAY
«
AMERICA'S GREAT ARTERY OF
COMMERCE BLOCKED BY
THE BLIZZARD
GOTHAM IN STORM'S GRASP
In Spite off the Precautions Taken
by the Police Many Casualties
Reported ln the City and Vicin
ity — Shipping- in the Harbor
Suffered — — Snow the Worst the
City Hai Seen in Years.
NEW YORK, Nov. 27.— When the
people of New York awoke this morn
ing they found the blizzard which rag
ed when they retired was still ln prog
ress. There was a slight abatement in
the wind this morning, but tha snow
still fell and drifted high, and the tem
perature dropped rapidly. At 10 o'clock
today there was a breaking away in
the west and finally the storm ceased
altogether. The wind blew at the rate
of fifty to sixty milas an hoyr during
tho height of the storm. Broadway
and the great thoroughfares of the city
rrwenttd a fantastic appearance. In
the greatest artery of business activity
of the country there were drifts on the
sidewalk through which the early
morning wayfarer plowed to his waist.
In some dSstricts great dirifts formed
barriers across them, and in many in
stances filled up the trenches that bad
been dug by '_b« street railways for the
tiunsfearing of the motor power from
cable to electricity.
As soon as there were edgns of abate
ment in the fall of snow the street
cleaning department went to work, butt
little progress was made. Suburban
traffic was blocked for several hours in
the morning, and after that trains ran
at long intervals. All trains were de
layed.
The blow erf Saturday night did much
damage to the small shipping in New
York harbor. It ls reported tonight
that several tug boats belonging to the
Kingston Towing company, together
with a Large number of canal boats,
were sunk up the river by the force of
the gale. The efi-oree of the Hudson are
littered with wreckage.
An order wee sent out from police
hesudquarters to the various precinct
oommandiefls to have arres>ted all per
sons found alone in a condition that
wculd raise even the suspicion of in
tx.xlca.tion. As a result the police
courts today were crowded with emi
nently respectable-looking persons who
wtre given a small flne and the admo
nition to go and sin no more.
MANY CASUALTIES.
In spite of this precaution on the
part of the police, there were a num
; ber of casualties, including several
' deaths from exposure. John Martin,
• fiity-flve years old, a former insurance
agent, was found ln the park at Tenth
street and Avenue B, and taken to
Bwllevue hospital. Both his legs and
hands were badly frozen. He had lain
down on a bench to die, he said. He
had had nothing to eat for several
days. An unknown woman was found
unconscious in a snow drift at Seventy
eighth street and Avenue A. She was
removed to the Presbyterian hospital,
and' her condition was said to be seri
ous. An aged German, Frank Schnei
der, of Dutch Kills, Long Island City,
was found late Saturday night at Sev
entieth street and Second avenue. He
was lying on a snow bank almost un
i conscious and was transferred to the
Bellevue hospital. An unknown man,
discovered in a basement on the Bow
ery, was moved to Hudson street hos
pital, and died there from alcoholism
and exposure. A policeman rescued
Dennis Quinn, a letter carrier, who had
fallen helpless in the sonw early this
morning, badly frozen.
In Jersey City the body of Rosanna
Cunningham, forty-two years of age,
was found on the sidewalk on "Van
Vorst street early this morning. Her
skull was fractured. The body was al
most covered with snow. It is believ
ed she received her injuries from a
fall.
At 7 a m. a policeman found Charles
Schopp in the snow in Jersey City, un
conscious, and before he could be taken
into a house Schopp died.
James Beck, forty-two years of age,
and William Warner were also found
in Jersey City badly frozen. James
Bennett while on a street car became
benumbed from the cold at Avenue B
and Seventieth street and fell from the
platform. He lay in the snow for some
time, but was finally found by a passer
by and sent to Believue hospital ln an
ambulant*.
._ sns a _»"V . — -2______
nrwa
OS TBE GllE
NEW ENGLAND COAST SWEPT BY j
A RECORD-BREAKING NO
VEMBER BLIZZARD
TWELVE LIVES LOST
IN BOSTON HARBOR*
J
LIST LIKELY TO BE LARGELY IN J
CREASED WHEN FILL RK.
TORUS ARRIVB
TRAFFIC BY RAILWAY
WAS LARGELY BLOCKED]
AH Down the Atlantic Coast the
Force of the Gale Was Felt, and
Cities Dependent Upon Electric
Poiwer "Were Affected Severely——
Maine and the Provinces Novr
Suffering From the Storm.
BOSTON, Nov. 27.— A dozen or more
coasting vessels were driven ashore in
Btston harbor during the blizzard of
last night and this morning, and tho
great ocean steamer Ohio, of the Wil
son line, was torn from heir moorings
and driven high antd dry on Spectacle
island. Schooners and coal barges,
with two anchors out and every rea
son to expect a safe weathering of the
gale, were dragged from their moor
ings and hurled against pier heads,
dashed on islands and rocks, or sunk
outright. Fortunately thei greater por
tion of >_he coasting fleet was securely
tied up at the wharves. The sahoon
ers and barges anchored ln the lower
bay bore the brunt of the storm.
Anchored at quarantine was the Wil
son liner Ohio, a great four-masted
cargo boat, just ln from Hull, Eng.
She had only a small cargo aboard,
and her eides being high out of the
water offered a large surface to the <
wind. The swiflt tide prevented the
vessel from pointing her nose into the
wind, and after a fierce battle for
hours the cables gradually gave way
and she ran on the beach of Spectacle
island, where she now lies high and
dry. As the tide was very high when
the Ohio went ashore the work of
hauling her off is likely to be difficult.
Ashore not far from the Ohio is the
schooner C. A. Whitie, from Baltimore,
but she will probably float. Just above
Spectacle island Is Thompson's island,
and on shore are three lumbermen, the
Wartchman, Fred Worsen, F. A. Rapl
sen and a vessel believed to be the
Virginia, It is likely they will be haul
ed off without serious damage. Tfys
schooners Jclhn S. Axtnea and L-<_s.s'
Dyas are also ashore at Fort Warren. ■
So far as known th«Te were ho hves'
lest from any of the above scfcbonerg, !
although it is said two men ware wash,'
ed overt-oana ftxwa tfoe Virginia. M
efforts were ftiode this afternoon V&,
reach two unknown schocmerg on shcafe
ot Moonheadk or another feather X&'
Qulncy bay. j
LIVES LOST,
Farther out in tho bay the casualties !
began with the sinking of at least one, I
if not two, ooafl barges ami the loss ot
one man. The loss is heavy oil the
barges, and one of them belonging to*
the Consolidated Ooal company broke'
away from the tug and striking Hud
son head ran ashore. Another barge Is
reported to have sunk off Lon^ Island
head and her crew of four men lost.
The schooner Abble Abboek, from Phil
adelphia, wihieh anchored late in the
day outside of Boston light, is reported
to have foundered with her crew of
four men. Two other coal barges are
ashore on Gallope's island, but It. ls
likely that the crew of neither will ba
lest, as the vessels are reported to be
in a comparatively safe place. All the
captains of the fleet who were lut-ky
enough to get around the cape and
make the harbor in safety say the
storm was the most terrible they ever
experienced in Massachusetts bay.
While the storm was heaviest In
the southeastern part of New ISngland,
the whole district was affected, and
experienced a snow fall of from eight
to twenty-four inches, and, as the cen
ter of the disturbance moved down the
Maine coast, that section and the
provinces will probably receive a simi
lar taste of winter weather tonight.
Fortunately the storm was heralded
sufficiently in advance by the weather
bureau to detain most of the coastwise
shipping ln safe harbors, but the
warning was entirely unheeded and
ignored by those on shore, with the
result that nearly everyone, especially
the railroads and electric companies,
were caught napping and suffered ac
cordingly. There was not a railroad
in New England that was not more or
lass tied up by the heavy fall of snow
and the great drifts, and the roads
running along the coast, like the New
York, New Haven & Hartford and the
Boston & Maine, had the added dif
ficulty of frequent washouts in places
exposed to the heavy seas. Trains,
north, east, south and west, were near
ly all stalled early in the night, al
though one train from Bangor reached
Lynn early this morning and two Chi
cago trains came into the city this
evening. To the cities and towns which
were dependent on electric service, the
situation was still worse, for the snow
and ice packed on the rails and blocked
the trains.
WORST FOR YEARS.
The storm was the worst in this vi
cinity for eleven years. There was no
attempt to run more than a dozen cars
on Washington street and other of the
main thoroughfares. The Btorm, though
not as far-reaching and terrible in its
effects as the frightful blizzard of last
February, was nevertheless the heav
iest felt in this city for a series of
years. The storm happening on Sun
day did not affect the public as it
would have done on a week day, and
the transportation companies made
heroic efforts to clear their lines for
traffic.
Only the barest facts have been re
ceived from the coast towns, but even
those reports cause the graveßt fears
Continued oa Sixth Page.