The Saint Paul globe., January 11, 1899, Page 3, Image 3

About The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905

Image provided by: Minnesota Historical Society; Saint Paul, MN

                
INTERESTS OF
THE FARMERS
MSCtrSSBD AT THE OPEXIXG SES- ,
SIOXS OF THE STATE ACHICIL
TLRAL SOCIETY MXX.TING
FRIEND OF THE HORSE
SPEAKS HIS PRAISE
i
JOHN C. MILLS. THEASIREIt OF THE '
BTOCK KREEDERS' ASMM I.VTIOX, j
DISCUSSES BEEF I'ROUUTIOS
IOWA AGRICULTURIST
ON SHEEP RAISING;
Prof. I'riilK Read!) ait Exhaustive ■
Paper on She^p, Good and Bad.
'With Pointers How to Juilge
Them A. V. Fox. of Ore^ou, |
Wlv., Among Tlioae Who Head '
Pmpera Programnie for Today.
The annual meeting of the Minnesota j
Stale Agricultural society opened yes- j
Urday morning In the rooms of the
C. mineroial club, with an attendance
from fully sixty counties of the state.
The day was given up largely to the
n-ading of papers by well known j
Northwestern experts on stock raising, |
and toda.Vs session will consider dgri- j
culture. The feature of the morning
session was an address of welcome by
few Lind. who spoke in a practical
suain of the possibilities of the farm
for nearly a half-hour.
At the "morning session hcrse raising
was discussed, and the afternoon was
given up to cattle and sheep breeding. ;
During the evening the delegates from j
the various county agricultural socie- I
ties and their friends gathered in the ;
hall of representatives at the capitol j
and listened to a half-dozen papers on
subjects of general Interest
The following were am-, ng those prea- j
ent:
O L. Dorraberg, Redwood Falls: Thomas |
Coleman. Anoka; E. A. Gibbs, janesvil-le; H. I
L. Sackett St. Peter; John A. Johnson, St. j
Peter: J. A. Peterson, Bt Peter; W. L. I
Chappell. Fergus Falls. W. B. Crow ley, St. !
James; Frank O'Meara. St. James; F. B. |
Lynch, St. Jame;-: IT. V. Barter. Cambridge-. I
Thomas Wheian Arlington: William Liggett, j
St Anthony Park; .J. E. Cooley, Duluth: J. |
F. Jacofcson. Lac (jui Parle; H. C. Prescott, j
Elbow Lake; Ray Wells, Herman; R. F.
Raser Elbow Lake; S. B. Scott, Zumbrote; ,
Thcmas McHugh, Zumbrota; William Doxey, ■
Zumbivta: P. H. Rahilly, Lake City: C. G. :
RichaTdscn Anoka; A. Fidding, Anoka: E. J
T. Charaplain, Garden City: H. W. Stone, i
Morris: A. P. Hendrickson. St. Paul; E. W.
Randal! Hamline: Alexander Fiddes, Jack
son; D. W. Watson, Red Wing; A. F. Busn,
I>oveT; A. G. Wiicex, Hugo; J. T. B'.air, I
t'tlea- H R. Deuny. St. Paul; C. D. An- I
drews St. Paul; William F. Cross, Red !
"Wing: Chester R. Smith. St. Paul: H. W.
Fagfty St. Paul; A. S. Tallmadge, St. Paul;
J. C. Seeley. Minneapolis; E. D. ChiMs.
Crooks-ton: Prof. Thomas Shaw. St. Anthony
J'ark- Luke S;unaard. Taylor's Falls; Prof.
Enyder, St. Anthony Park; T. A. Hoverstad,
Crookston: M. T. Grattan, Preston, Minn.,
end many others.
Aside from the discussion of subjects
of interest about the only business
transacted was the appointment of a
set of committees by President Cooper
at the opening of the afterncon session,
as follow s:
Credentials— J. C. Mills. Dr. J. C. Curryw,
M, N Greene A. P. Hendrickson, Wymaji
Elliott. C. L. GcodtH and E. D. Chllds.
Retolutionc— H. F. Brown. M. N. Skinner.
A. H. Bullis. W. J. Boynton, H. W. Stone
and A. H. Bullis.
G-OV. LIND SPEAKS.
The morning session opened with an
address of welcome by Gt>v. Lind, who
said:
While it aff.rd-s me a great dtal of pleas
ure to meet you this morning and to welcome
you to this hospitable capital city or curs. I
must express to you my regret th-at my time
has not permitted me adequately to prepare
myself to do justice to this gathering and
your reasonable expectations under the c.r
cum&tances.
You represent in a greater degree than I
auy like number of men gathered in this
state one of the greatest of the great inter
ets cf the state. I had occasion to say to
another body a few days ago that, while
T.-e can look with pride upon our mining,
lumbering and manufacturing interests, nev
ertheless cur greatest interest elusers abaut
the farmer. It 1= the conditi.cn cf the farm r.
Lhe Minnesota farmer, that mirks our prog
ress. I also sa:d '"It is the barameter which
indicates the state of our prosperity." Tnls
m my judgment is absolutely true. If the
fanners are prosperous, business alomg all
lines in our state is prosperous; if otherwise,
other business suffers accordingly.
Farming, as you realize, has perhaps un
dergone as great changes in this wonderful
centruy of the world's history as any other
vocatkn— l might giy greater. The students
of sociology tell us" that it is only recent' y,
comparatively within only the last few gen
erations; that humanity has learned to utilize
its intellect in directing its own develop
ment. That in the past ages of our prrgress
along all l'nes. political as well as indus r a",
has been almost wholly instinctive, which
i? to say that su.-h progress as the race has
made has been simply steps guided by the
Instinct which providence implanted in us
to adjust ourselves from time to time to our
environment and the conditions that fac3 us.
This has been true cf our political devp'op
ment until the beginning of this century.
This century illustrates practically all that
society h's ever been able t:> do knowingly
tcwarJ framing and directing government af
fa'rs. It witnessed the first successful gov
ernment under a written constitution. The
same is true in a great degree in science.
There had been before the beginning of this
century what I might call sporadic efforts at
kn-rwlng. bur It Is only within the last few
generations that humanity has been able to
put the kn : w'edge acquired by sciect flc re
eearch to practical results to make it useful.
DEVELOPMENT IN INDUSTRY.
In industry the development had "been, un
til recently, practically instinctive, uncon
scious. The old Egyptian, when he found he
wanted more food, simply scratched the Nile
mud with a stick and scattered a few s;e3s
of wild rl'-e, wild oats, or pern^pa a few of
the fruit seeds common to tnat country, and
when name became scarce they captured
some of the wild animals and domesticated
them, but that was practically a u t i,at was
done for centuries and centur.es cf time. If
there was improvement In the cereals the
grains, it was simply the result of accident.
The busy bee. crossed with different varie
ties, fertilized and produced better grades.
Eo with the stock; if there was any improve
ment, it waa simply because flocks fr:m dir
erent and distinct regions came tutUtu and
resultfd in accidental crosses that gave bet
ter varieties. Today you utilize science The
truths of the science of life, of biotcgy and
kindred sciences, have been invoked in b"
hilf of the farmer. Now over here at our
station they deliberately go to work and pro
duce different kinds of wheat, not only new
grades, but different kinds. When yon want
a domestic animal for a particular" u»e you
deliberately go to work and produce It That
Is what s.-ience has done. It is nothing new
In one sense H IB not even a discovery, but
Drying preparations simply de
velop dry catarrh; they dry up fhe
secretions which adhere to the mem
brane and decompose, causing a far
mere serious trouble than the ordinary
firm of catarrh. Avoid all drying in
halants and use that which cleanses,
soothes and heals. Elys Cream Balm
is such a remedy and will cure catarrh
or cold in the head easily and pleasant
ly. A trial size will be mailed for 10
cents, large for 50 cents. All druggists
keep it. Ely Brothers, 66 Warren
street, New York.
The Balm cures without pain, does
not irritate or cause sneezing. It
sr reads itseif over an irritated and
angry surface, relieving Immediately
the painful inflammation.
Provided with Ely's Cream Balm you
are armed against Nasal Catarrh.
tt is applying the truths of s-lenc* in a new
way : applying th.-vi to the use of man in a
greater degree thin has been done in the
I>.:s:. In that lies the great advance of ag
riculture. This Is a new science, eomepara
tivel- : at least it c«n be counted by cen
turies. In this I can give you no partl-'u'ar
aid. i.r suggestion. The work of your EOv-ietv
all tends to further app'.y the truths that I
have referred to.
SCIENCE OV POLITICAL ECONOMY.
Now there is also another science, a sci
ence sr related that I thlak I can apply It
us, fully to agriculture; it is the science of j
political eccr.cmy. It has not been called a. j
scler.ee until very recently. Now when I
ustd the friu sv-iene?. I simply mean what j
we ordinarily understand by eoms definite !
knowledge, the result of observation o.f human !
ex^riein-e formulated inio rules for the
gmdar.ce of hunxanlty. One of the rules of i
political economy, ar.d one which I think will |
guide you In your labors, is to this effect; i
that the greater the distance In the process \
cf production between the raw material and
the finished product, the greater the profit
to the producer. A very simple prop.isilion
in itself, a truih that we all realize, but it
is well for us that these things have been
formulated so tJhat we can put out finger en j
it. Let me repeat it, the greater the dis- !
tance in th< j process of production between I
the raw material and the finished product, j
the greater the profit t.i the producer. Now L
all countries are busy, all nations are busy;
this on the whole is a very busy world of
necessity, no country mare so than ours, but
if you think of those nations we call rich in j
this world, those where prosperity and pro- <
grrss are at the highest tide, you will find i
tha-t they are those nations which carry thf> j
process cf manufacture to its farthermost ,
limits, that carry the manufacture cf iron a-«
tax away from the simple pig as human in- !
genuity can; that carry the munu f acture of !
wood as far away from ths piue tree in thp !
woods as possible. Here iz a pine or spruce
(sheet of paper! in nay has?d; the valu»» of
the pine in that piece of p-av^r is sounerhins
so infinitely small that it cannot be expressed
In figures. In Its present form. Etill pine or
spruce. I do not kn-ow which, possibly straw,
it is of great value. It has this gri-a' value
because many piooessfs and a long p. rijd of
time have elapsed berween the raw material
in the wo-^d ar.d the flnisihed prcduct I hold in
my hand.
There is an old adagf. my friends, that
"Time is money." It is wonderful what
chunks of political economy ar.d philosophy
there are in these old proverts. Time is
money in more sense than one. If rcm waste
time, that >s its ordinary i:ss in Cant sense,
if you waste time you lose work, and by that
means you suffer a loss; you lose money;
we usually use the adage in that L'ense. It
has ancthtr and a deeper significance: time
itself is money, especially c& a.jpMfd ro
production on the -farm or iv the factory.
Time is only another Way cf saying interest.
I haven't time to go into that this moriing,
but on reflection you will find it tru~: t.me
is interest; interest on capital !s the difference
between the present value of the capital and
ks valu In future time. That is interest.
It is the equivalent of time.
ILLL'STRATFS HIS POINT.
Now. to illustrate my poicit. Su'pposcg a
ftrmer has a 2-y-ear-old sUer— they rarely sell
them before they are 2 years old: s«me times
they sell yearlings; I think it la a very peer
prac:ce. The farmer hae a 2-year-old at:«r;
he sells that 2-year-old stacr tor, say, $3i).
Now. by that saie he not only los?s the power
cf increasing the va:ue of that steer, the po
tentiality of growth you might call it. but
he loses the interest on that $20 or $30 during
the period that that steer might be ievejo^
ing, maturing to its grcittut commercial
value. It is true he may use the money
soaiewhere else to ray a debt and save in
teresr: oftentimes he doesn't; oftentimes he
could get alcr.g without it. but there is a dis
tin-ct loss. The farther yen can carry the
production en the farm, as well as In the
shep. away from the raw material, the m-o.re
time it consumes. Che more of trr? increment
of time, the more interest you aid to the
product and the greater your gain, to say
nothing about compensation for labor and em
ployment to maintain it in the meantime.
New, Jurit to illustrate by this fact: It is
a peculiar thiLg, but it is true that ihe d:-.
veaoptnent of industry on the farm, in agri
culture as well as elsewhere, ia continually
awa-v from the ray.' material to highe.'
grades of production. Why, ws did first like
the old Egyptians, but insaead of stirring
the Nile mud, as they did -with a stick, we
had the steel plow to turn over cur prairies
and raise wheat. It was very protab-le for a
time, and it is still profitable.
B EUIBVES IN" WHEAT.
I ani one ot thoe.? who believe in wheat
raising. We win always, in my Judgment,
raise a great d-eal of wheat in this stata, and
profitably, but. nevertheless, as an employ
ment for our entire popujation and for all
of our farmers, i*t was found to be lese
profitable than a method of production that
required more time for the maturing of the
product, thax created a greater d'iitance be
tween tils raw material and the finished
product. We went into dairying, for one
thing, There you have the crop. It takes
time to feed it to the cows. It takes addi
tional time to milk and to gather the cream
and to produce the butter a^d gtt the butter
to the market. There you have additional
labor, which in the long run begets pro-sperity.
more cr less, depending upoc comjKtltion and
market conditions. You invest more labor
in your product, more time, hence, there is
necossarrly greater profit. I only us= this as
an illustration. The same is true of hosre
raising; that is. raising hors-es, not racing
them. (Laughter.) The same is true of
raising stock. Xow, I think your own read
in-g and observation will agree with me. that
it has been the history of ail countries that
there has been a gradual stepping from on*
stage of agricultural production to another.
Fot Instance, in Holland they started in orig
ically making butter, the sanie as ws are
doing in Minnesota today. So Switzerland, at
one time was famous for makim.? butter. To
day the great butter producing countries in
Europe are Denmark and Sweden; but the
knowing Dutchmen soon found that if they
carried; their process of— turning milk into
money one grad« further, kept it along, added
more !at>or, more time, there would be m^re
money in it, so they went to making cheese.
The cheese manufacture has succeeded the
manufacture of butter in every country in
Europe, and. for the reason® suggested, tt i 3
inevitable that the same process will take
place in this state. Now. this is venturing
a goad deal for a new governor to make that
prediction, but I make it. and I make it to
you today, that chrese-maklng is just as
certain in the course of time to succead the
present buttsr-making in Southern Minneso
ta as it is that we will continue to raise
grain and raise stock. Why? Because there
is necessarily, in the nature of thlnga. more
profit In it.
Gov. Lind was warmly applauded at
the conclusion of his address.
PRAISE FOR AMERICAN TROTTER.
"Why I Staid in the Horse Business,"
was the subject of an address delivered
by I. C. Seeley, of Minneapolis. In
opening Mr. Seeley read a letter from
F. J. Berry, of Chicago, praising highly
thr ' - AmeVican trotter." as compared
with the hackney and coach breeds of
imported stock. Mr. Berry was one of
the largest dealers in the United States,
Mr. Seeley said. The letter was as fol
lows :
Dear Sir: The horse question Is a great
and leading one. The horse industry today
Is one of the leading industries of our great
America. There is no buirfness that can
be carried on in the stock line with more
profit than the horse business when proper
ly managed, and with the right knowledge
of the business and the proper system to
produce the horse that this market demands
All horses must have size, phape and qual
ity; small horses axe a thing of the post
Tou speak of the Hackney andi Coach
breeds. I want to say to you that there ts
no Hackney or Coach breed that compares
with the American trotter— l do not mean
the small, unsound and low grades of trot
ter? that have been produced for nuuiy years
past, I mean the proper selections of large
bandeome trotting families that have size
shape, quality and action; a horse that has
no action 1* of but little valu«. The Ameri
can trotter has been crossed with the French
coacher -with good results. The Hackneys are
good horsee. I>ut they have not been success
ful In this country; therefore, I say, that
for road, coach and carriage horses, breed
from the blood of the American trotter with
the right selections, size, shape and quality
and they will prove a great success if man
aged with the proper Judgment and with
the right selections there can be produced a
fixed type of this class of horse, ao ihat
the breeder will have- no trouble to match
up pairs, but the size, shaipe. quality and ac
tion must not be lost sight of. Bays and
browns are the leading colors, and tfark
chestnut Is good, but I can tail you thero
is no color better than a nice bay.
You speak of Clydes, Shire? and Perche
rona for draft horses. TTie best quality of
Shire or Clydes for draft horses are good,
and with the right selections of Clydes and
Shires you can prodTice a good quality o-f
draft horses, but they do not cross "with
the common mares and produce their like
with quality as well as the Percheron horse.
There is no better draft or work horse than
the Perchercn horse. The Percheron horss
has been bred in their own
STRICT BLOOD LINE
for many centuries, and they are the strict
est and the most Intensely bred horses that
there are, amd I think they will reproduce
their kind nearer than any other horse.
You can cross the pony with the Perchero*
horse and get a nice little chunk, and you
can cross any mare with the Percheron
horse and the Percheron blood will pre
dominate, an 4 will give shape and quality
and when creased with the heavy draft!
Clyde or Shire mare I have seen, the best
results, and the best draft horses that have
come to our market have been bred la this
way; therefore, tor ft draft stallion to wnm
THE ST. PAUL GLOUE ~- WEDNESDAY -JANUARY 11, 1899.
with &I 1 kind* of mares I would : 'er the
Percheron, while at the same time. If you
have to gtt htgh quality of heavy draft mares
crowed with the Clyde or Shire, there ia no
trouble but what they will produce goo 4
draft horses.
TIME FOR TRADING HORSES.
It has been said that steam, electricity *n<l
motor power ha.s taken the place of the hor«e.
Tills ie a most absurd idea, whale stswni and'
electricity h&g taken tha place ol the horse
to some extent, the export trade has come in
since that time. Busln«ss is Increasing
throughout out country, and the demand for
good horsee is Increasing, and la larger now
than ever before, since our country was
settled, and It will Increase for many years
to earns. Never was there a better time to
comimence breeding good horses than today.
Good horses arc scarce, and there is not
nt.irly enough to supply th« demand. The
export trade would take djuble the amount
ot horses they do If we had the quality that
their markets dMnajids. The export trade
this -year la a great deal larger than ever
before, it will run between 55,000 and 60. 0U)
for the year I^9S, which far exceeds any
previous year. Mare horses were marketed
in 1398 and a stronger demand 1n all Amer
ican markets than ever waa known before
the trade Is heavier all around, and in my
opinion will be much heavier in 1899. While
the market horses have become scarce, there
iis still a supply of thfe small, ordinary and
U'.:*alable horsja, and as the good horses pet
short, they will have to take the lower grade,
and the lower grades will be in a better de
mard the coming year than last year.
There is going to be a gTeat sh-crtago of
horses for the next five years, and good
horsc-s will get shorter and scarcer and higher
all the time, as It takes five ytas to breed and
raise them for the market. We believe people
a-"c commencing now to ra.ise them, and they
must necessarily get higher every year until
MR. E. W. RANDALL,
Secretary State Agricultural Society.
such a time ac the new ci-ops begin to come
in.
Tell your people to make a vigorous effort
and breed all the g-ood horses they possbly
can, but be sure and bre?d them with all t'ae
size, shape and quality possible, and should
never undertake to breed a horse that would
develop less than 1.100 pcunds; this is the
smallest horse that should ever be raised, un
less you should get speed, but I dx> »3t be
lieve It will pay any farmer to handle
spesd. But when breeding co-ach and carriage
horses, tie mora trotting blood the better,
and if a farmer gets speed and is not a
practical horseman, he had batter leave it to
the horse-man or the professional to handle.
The man that goes systematically to work
with the proper knowledge of the business,
and raises good market horses, will bs right
in line, as coon as he -gets them ready for 1
the market, as thay -will get higher and high- '
er for many years to come. Yours truly.
— F. J. Berry.
Mr. Seeley then discussed his sub- I
ject In the following: terse manner:
Love, experience. pro St. First, my love
tor the horse, the ncblest of ail mute cre
ation, has ever been a pleasant. If not lead-
Ing, tncentive In the grand and fascinating i
pursuit of hcrse breeding.
Second, my experience in breedtng. raising '
and marketing betwr-en 400 and 500 he-ad of I
draft, coach a.ri>d trouing-bred horses. In this j
state during the past fourteen years was, I '
believe, of sufficient value and such an es- j
semial requisite as to warrant me In the '
continuance of the business even In a mod- j
crate way.
Third, I have had and still have unshaken !
confidence that the conditions of the supply •
of, and demand for gocd horses in this coun- j
try is today and for years will continue to be -
a. source of great profit to every careful and I
painstaking fanner in the state of Minne- i
sota.
Mr. Seeley then discussed the various j
breeds and conducted as follows:
Let the farmers of Minnesota make proper !
selections of sires and breed for a specific I
purpose and ttere win bs no question but '
that their efforts will be rewarded with the I
highest prices wien they send their finished :
prcduct to market, whether they br-=«d horsss, !
caule. sheep or swine. We have already en- I
tered upon an era of higher price? and those j
who are best abie to judge, declare that
there was never a more propitious time for
breeding good horse? than the present. I need
not present arguments in favor of diversified
farming to this aud-ienee for every man here
knows 'that such farming presents the only
road to ultimate success. He knows that in
order to nMintain the highest fertility o£ his
farm, he should raise as much improved live
stock as he can profitably carry. He must
also know that in order to secure the best re
sults in the breeding of improved live stock
he must breed only to registered sires. This
plan strictly followed out by every farmer
will n-ot only add to bis pride, Belli respect and
pocketboo-k, but will add millions of dollar*
annually to the wealth* of Minnesota.
IMPROVEMENT OF HORSE 3.
J. C. Curryer, president of the Min
nesota Stock Breeders' association,
read an excellent paper on "The Im
provement of the Horses of Minne
sota." So long as we disregard the
law at like producing like the further
we get away from desirable charac
teristics in horse breeding. The sire
for general breeding should be a typi
cal animal of its class in size, sound
ness, conformation, style, action, en
durance and breeding. The general
failure with breeders was in not be
ing able to weed out undesirable quali
ties. There were whole families of
horses with yew necks, heavy heads,
clumsy ears, defective feet, curby
hocks and flat ribs. Nine-tenths of
the domestic horses were bred by
farmers without regard to rules of
breeding. The first move In the right
direction would be to relieve from tax
ation acceptable full-t>lood sires; sec
ond, that no service fee should be col
lected from sires not proven worthy,
and third, the service fee should be
commensurate with character and
quality of sire.
BEEF PRODUCTION.
When President Cooper called the
meeting to order in the afternoon there
were many present aside from the
regularly delegated representatives of
the various agricultural societies of
the state.
The subject of "Beef Production in
Minnesota" was dealt with in a paper
by John C 'Mills, treasurer of the Min
nesota Stock Breeders' association, in
an interesting fifteen-minute paper. He
said in part:
We are sometimes wont to b« discourage*
when we look around us and see what might
be done, but when -we carefully go over the
partially broken ground in cur state's prep
ress in this direction there is much to be
satisfied 1 with, and we can safely say we are
well founded in the rudiments of successful
beef production. Here and there all over tha
state are to be found either tie pore-bred
or thos.e well graded, and in many cajes
both. This Is suggestive of not only a desire
to. gain In wealth, but U means that the pso
ple are being educated In this line as well*
It is said that beef -eat Ing people are tbe
ones that have been our strongest notion or
ganizers. I am. somewhat to believe fchis
when we peep into history. The ancient:
flock man showed this tendency. England
has ruled the wwld, while our own united
State* has a proud record. Never before faaa
th»re t>«en buob ft dealr* tor ouie-bred oat-
tie all over the state. The good work done
along thaae lines by our agricultural EChcol
and the energetic stock adventurer is belaf
felt from every »lde.
With us the question is no longer an ex
periment, but a well-founded industry. W«
have learned that our abundant crops ot
oats, barley and o-tfier grains can ba made
to serve a much bftter use than to be car
ried to a market hundreds of miUs away.
The large iuvestmeni* of our railroads, stock
men and beef concerns of the stata ia eyl
denoe this industry: Is- weli founded.
When it come* to comparative costs com
pared with other states, I am unablo to slvo
exact figures. But what doeg it matter?
Experience has plainly proved that cattle
can be raised at a., arqftt of from $5 t» $25
a head. What can our farmers do to pay bet
ter? Ncr is the apparent profit on the animal
all. We must not forget the return praduct
In the way of fertllliers. the Improvement
by pasturing, the saving of extra machinery.
etc. The mortgage oii : the old ho-mestead
fades away when faced, by the well-bred beef
creature. Day by day be makes weal.h for
his owner, and even when h'.s master s'.e-ipa
he is adding to his wealth <;f flesh.
Having hastily Kon« <jver the D3at and
noted something of' tHiaj.presenf, the ques Inn
arises, what are the jwospects for the future
in this direction-. The possible wealth to be
obtained from this wflree can scarcely be
estimated at this t4me. A state »> rich in
the aibundance of grass, so capable in the
production of grains, _wlth everywhere an
abundance of good wafer, our natural fa
cilities are immeasurable.
Add to this our moat excellent transporta
tion facilities and what more do we need?
Simply the energies of our peop'e directed
by education, and better stick. The gradu
ates of our grand state agricultural school
must play an Jmporttnt part In this direc
tion. Our agricultural papers are engaged In
a most excellent service, and the careful
practical breeder and feeder who is bJth
gaining in knowledge and wealth wi!l have
his effect. When our people torn to love
the animal, when they learn how to feed
acd care for him, and when they learn the
difference between good animals and scrubs,
then shall we have reached a stage cf civili
zation second to none.
9HBEP GOOD AND BAD.
Prof. John A. Craig, of the lowa
Agricultural college, spoke for nearly
an hour on "Sheep— Good and Bad."
He said in part:
To form a basis for estimating the good
and bad qualities of shee-p, it Is best to
first consider the carcass and that, from
tne butcher's point of vie*. The different
parts of the lamb from the butcher's stand
point shows a wide variation. The neck
has a value of only 1 cent per pound, the
shoulder 2 cents and the shanks the same.
The rib running from the point of the should
er to the loin has a value of 9 cents per
pcund, and the same is true of the loin
while the leg of mutton or the "gigsots "
as> they are sometimes called, have the "high
est value per pound of any othsr part 33
they are quoted at 10 cents. The brrast
however, has the low value of 2 cents p^r
pound In Chicago markets. From these facts
It will be seen that The back and the de
velopment of the leg are tlie most important
points to criticise In the form of the fat
Lamb.
In what has preceded, attention has be^n
given particularly to the perfections, but
there are many defects worthy of being men
tioned that are characteristic of fat lambs
very often the top of the should-er is riot
covered smfficiently wi;h flesh, letting the
top of the blade come out too sharp find
bare. This par.t, for at feast the length of
the hand, should be flat and well covered
■with flesh in a fatted sheep. The ribs should
spring out from the body and all well cov
ered with firm flesh. The backbone should
not stand prominent at any point, as it i"
sometimes at various points along the back"
Frequently it is grooved on account of the
development of flesh along It. but it is bet
ter to be perfectly flat and smooth. The loin
In some lambs rises and this' is sseciglly a
bad defect when It i.? al=o bare of flesh. The
hind quariers frequently shrink away towards
the tail-head and down the thigh. This
should not be. as the hind quarter should
continue straight and full. From the hip
to hock the fat sheep should be especially
strong. Not noly should the leg be full and
plump with muscle on the outside but be
tween the le?s in the twist the flesh should
i run well towards the hock and compel the
! nind leps to stand wfde apart. Badly tet
I hocks often interfere with the development
! of the hind quarter, and they also are as
I bad an eye-sore as , broken down pasterns.
| After the form of the sheep has been care
! fully gone over the quality should be not
i cd. The cleanliness- of the bone, th<» ap
i parent strength of it. and the nature of the
I hair which covers the face and legs should
be noted. These are important features in
! either breedins sheep or fat sheen. It is
perhaps, most valuable from the butcher's
standpoint, because the waste is le?3 from
a sheep of good quality than it is from one
that is inferior, but sheep of the bfst qual
ity will not dress much over 50 per cent of
their live wetight.
In examining the fleece .the chief points
to consider are the quality, quantity and
condition. The best way of arriving at tn
estimation of the nature of a fleece is to
I open it first ju-i-t over the shoulder. It is In
I this region that the finest and best wool
lof the fleece is found. By using, the hands
in a flat position. Instead of sticking the
fingers into the wool, the fleece may be part
ed ta a nice way. After looking at the wool
and Ekin in this region the thigh should te
chosc-n for tne next examination. This part
u-sually grows the poorest and coarsest wool
of the whole fleece. Th«i the covering <;?
fleece on the belly Is also noticed. By ex
amining the fleece in the.s? three parts a fair
estimate of its qualities may be made.
In judging of the good and bad qualities in
pure bred sheep in the breeding classes, the
subject of breed typa should receive careful
consideration. "While it has a bearing on the
judging at all classes of pure bred stock, yet
it is of double Importance in the pure bred
classes of sheep.
Thf> type of the breeders having been de
cided upon by all the breeders, it should be
the aim o>f the breeder and the judge to
recognize it. for aside from an acknowledg
ment of the wishes of the breeders, it is a
point o-f dirwrt value to do so. When a breed
has been uniformly bred to a type for a
period of twenty years or so the type has be
come so fixed that It is -uniformly trans
mitted. T-wo of he most powerful factors
aiding the fixing of the type of a breed are
the breeders seeking tW produce Che animal
of ideal type as represented by the scale of
points and the judges conforming to it in the
show ring. The result is of value to the
breeding interests, ■«« it^sesists in making th-*
breed prepotent or able /to transmit its char
acteristics with a greater degree of certainty
As a result of our consideration of the good
and bad qualities of sheep, there arises the
more Important pcobleig of breeding to re
produce the former ami to remove the latter
In studying th» life^thlstories of the eminent
% IODIDE OF IRON lg
W forAN/CMIA.POORNESS of the BLOOD, I
!j CONSTITUTIONAL WEAKNESS 1
I SCROFULA, Etc X
I Nonegeauineunlesasigned"BLAJiCAßD" 1
| AU, DRUGGISTS, /I
fkß. FOIiQERA & CO. . N. Y. Agta. for U. S. lk
breeders I fall to find mention of * ilogle
breeder of note who wao not considered In
hl3 day a good judfe of «ook. They m*y
each have followed a peculiar system ot
breeding, but tlhe universal tact is thut they
all were well veraed Iti th« good and bad
qualities of the animal tbey bred. While
Blake-well. Codings, Bates, Booth, Crulck
shank, Watson, Price and many others tol
lowal some method of breeding, yet I believa
their success to be due im the largest meas
ure to their Judgment, of tie good and bad
q-ualities of domestic animals. I have failed
to find up to this day that where success has
been obtained by in-asd'-out breeding, cross
breeding or any other form but that there
was a man behind the system who knew well
the merits and demerits of the animals he
was breeding. Anxl, further, knowing these,
he made his selection to get the best bl«nd.
This is th« basis of a method of breeding
that arises from what has go-ne before. For
want of a better term I have named it bal
| ane^d breeding, and I believe that in this
i method haa the means of developing and to
t the good qiiiiikUs and at the same time leas
j en-ln* and removing the demerits of our do
! iutatii; animals.
| The strongest basis of support for It llea
i In the degree it has been, fruitful in produc
ing results. The present as well as the past
records of breeding show that balanced breed
tag aud production of nicks have followed
each other Just as cause and effect. Modern
Instances of the results of balanced breeding
applied to blood lines is in the success 'of the
blend of Bates and Crulckshank cattle, Ratn-
I bletonian and Mambrino Chief in trotters,
j Darnley and Prince of Wales Iti Cyidesdales,
I Danraark and Flreaway in hackneys, and so
cm through the various kinds of stock. The
reason for the success in this seems to be
in the fact that the good qualities of the one
strengthen the weak ones of he other. Cross
breeding h<as produced such wonderful re
sults in ecme lines for the same reason, aad I
find that when in -am -in breeding has been
carried on with the greatest success within
th-e Merton and 'Murray flocks, balanced
breeding has always had first place. To fol
low balanced breeding in sheep would mean
the selection of rams with the leading thought
of removing the weaknesses of the flock.
When one realizes the force of balanced breed
ing and acts en it in tie selection of sires
It is wonderful 1 what strides- may be made to
ward perfection in a few years. With this
sire we correct a deficiency of the fleece, acd
yet retain th? good qualities of form, with
another we add a little more bone, another
deepens the flesh on the valuable parts, and
so on, each marking a new advance, while
closer discrimination and riper judgment
keeps disclosing new features to be attained
In each additional effort.
THE MUTTON SHEEP.
A. O. Fox, of Oregon, Wis., spoke on
"The Mutton Sheep." To obtain the
best results in fattening sheep for the
market a thorough understanding of
the first principals of breeding were
necessary. The flocks should be sorted
before breeding, and those which were
of the best form for breeding should
be placed by themselves and those of
the mutton type should also have a
place by themselves. As to methods,
Mr. Fox spoke at considerable length
from a. practical experience of many
years. He indorsed much that had
been said by Prof. Craig on hds paper,
and added a number or valuable sug
gestions.
"Live Stock as a Factor in Successful
agriculture" was the last subject of
the afternoon, discussed by Chas. F.
Curtiss, director and professor of agri
culture in the lowa Agricultural col
lege.
It paid to- breed fine sheep, cattle
and horses, as much better returns
could be had from well bred stock
than from the scrub class. The food
consumed by a well bred steer every
ounce of it went into tne frame of the
animal, but with scAib stock, it was
almost impossible to secure satisfac
tory results in feeding. Instead of put
ting fat on the bones, It went to tallow
around the interior organs. In a fine
ly bred steer weighing 800 pounds
dressed there will be 100 less pounds
of this interior fat," said the speaker,
"than in a scrub steer weighing dress
ed a eoupte hundred pounds more."
EVENING SESSION.
The students of the Agricultural
school, with the members of the Agri
cultural society, completely filled the
hall of representatives at the state
bouse last evening. The programme
vas interspread by music by the school
quartette. Dean Liggett presided.
Without exception all who had parts
on the programme were either grad
uates or students at the agricultural
school.
T. A. Hoverstad, of Crookston, spoke
of the -Future of Red River Valley
Farming;" R. S. Mackintosh, of Lang
don, discussed "The Value of Horti
cultural Training." Every year more
attention was being given this depart
i merit of agriculture as a distinct
branch. C. P. Taylor, of Hamline,
spoke on "Live Stock Improvement."
Miss Grace B. Andrews read an in
teresting paper, which was warmly re
ceived, telling of the benefits of an
agricultural course for girls. J. C.
Hummel, of Cottage Grove, spoke on
"The Relation of Chemistry to Agri
culture." C. A. Scofieid read a paper
on "Field Agriculture." Farming in the
farm regions _ was told of by H. H.
Chapman, of Grand Rapids. The pro
gramme was concluded v.ith an address
by Mrs. Virgina C. Meredith, on "The
Xew Education for Girls."
Today's programme is as follows:
"What Horticulture Will Do for the Min
nesota Farmer," W. W. Pendergast, presi
dent Minnesota Horticultural society.
"The Farmer's Garden." Hon. A. M. Bush.
"Dairying in the Northwest," Hon. E. D.
Childs. Crookston, Minn.
"Feeding Dairy Cattle." T. L. Haecker,
professor dairy husbandry in Minnesota
school cf agriculture.
Afternoon Session, 2 P. M. —
"Swine Breeding," L. N. Bonham, Oxford,
Ohio.
"The Sunshine and Dry Atmosphere of a
Minnesota Winter in Relation to Her Stock
Interests. ' O. C. Gregg, superintendent Min
nesota Farmers' Institutes.
"Dual Purpose Cattle," Luke Stannard
Taylor's Falls. Minn.
"Prejudice as a Bar to Progress in Live
Stock Breeding." A. G. Wiloox, secretary
Minnesota Breeders' association.
"The Sugar Beet Industry in Minnesota."
Prof. Suyder, Minnesota school of agricul
ture.
Evening Session. S P. M.— At Hall of House
of Representatives. CapUol —
Address, Hon. John Hyde, department of
agriculture at WaFhirigton.
Address. J. J. H ill. president Great North
ern Railway company.
PLEA FORUBERTY
Continued from First Pa are.
read "A government of all the people by a
part of ihe people, for a few of the peop'e?"
Gentlemen may say I b?lfltle our own In
stitutions. Oh. no. I simply call attention
to the beam In cur own eye to prevent, if
possible, our breaking our neck trying to
find the mote in the eye of the Philippine,
10.000 miles away.
Have we the right to-purchase sovereignty?
And. if we hay© such a right, have we the
right to purchase it Itoto Spain, who had no
right and whose title we had already dis
credited among the nations of the world?
If we purchase the Spanish tit'e cf sovereign
ty would we then have the trust title?
who wants jo govern the Phillppina islands?
Who among us wishes to vote for laws here
to govern them 10.000 miles aww? I never
saw their homes: I never spoke with one of
them, and I don't know their language; I
could not live in their climate: I don't know
their institutions. Who is there on this hill
in Washington, I say. to write laws to gov
ern these people, whose very language we
do not understand?
LAND-GRABBING FEVER.
Ah, Mr. President, the fever has been upon
us. Thank God, I believe the crisis Is past.
The people- have been lashed into a fury by
their progress. The glorious achievement
of our army and navy have set the national
pulse beating high, but the land-grabbing
fever is gradually receding, and the unnatu
rally un-American desire to govern another
without his consent, thank God, is not so
strnog today as It was but a few days since.
Mr. President. I am through. I do not ex
pect to es«ipe bitter criticism. I have seen
so much or sacrifice on the part of others in
all ot the past for the cause cf liberty. I
would for it sacrifice my seat among you. in
whfc_h I take great honcr. as cheerfully as I
would part with a crust of bread. I have
wished for that magnetic strength that would
help me to burn within theirjiearts the sacred
word of liberty — not Spanish'iTberty for Cuba,
not liberty for you prescribed by me, not
liberty for me prescribed by you, not English
liberty for America, not American liberty for
the Philippines, but universal liberty, for
wfoicji our fathers died.
Mr. -Mason occupied the attention of
CASTOR IA
for Infants and Children.
The Kind You Have Always Bought
BEARS THE SIGNATURE OF
In Use For Over 30 Years.
the senate for an hour and twenty j
minutes. Hia keen sallies and uncon- '
ventional but forceful style of oratory ;
held the attention of Ms hearers j
throughout. Once he was interrupted
by Mr. Tlllman, of South Carolina. Mr. '
Mason had said that war with the '
Filipinos was likely within ten days.
Mr. Tlllman Inquired:
"I want to know by what authority
the president will begin that war? Un- |
til the treaty of peace has been j-ati- i
fied, and the cession of the Philippines
fa completed, does not the protocol
stand?"
Mr. Mason— l so understand it.
Mr. Tlllman — Can the president fh-e
a single gun in such a war until this
congress shall have taken action —
legally, I mean ?
Mr. Mason — I do not think so.
SITUATION AT ILOILO.
While Mr. Mason was discussing the
statement of the possible bombard- !
ment of Iloilo, which, he said, was !
currently reported was In oontempla- j
tion, Mr. Gallinger, of New Hampshire, ;
said as Mr. Mason's statement was |
very serious he would like to know
upon what information It was based. ;
"I have some information," replied ;
the Illinois senator, "which I cannot I
here and now communicate to the sen- :
ate. What I have said, however, is j
reported and has been day after day in !
the preßs dispatches. I may say that i
I believe my statement upon the re- I
ports of the press."
Mr. Gallinger expressed regret that [
Mr. 'Mason could not give the source I
of his most Important news, but so j
far as he was concerned he could not i
accept his unsupported statement, or j
that of a press association.
"This statement," interjected Mr. !
White (<Cal.), "has "been published \
throughout this country. We all know |
that when untrue statements axe so !
published they are denied by the ad- i
ministration. Instead of denial it is j
met with a silence that Is alike I
ominous and convincing."
Mr. Gallinger— Convincing to the
senator from California, but not to
me.
At the conclusion of Mr. Mason's ]
speech he was accorded the usual com- i
pliment in the senate of cordial con- !
gratulations from many of his col- j
leagues and members of the house of j
representatives- who had heard the j
speech.
■Mr. Kyle (S. D.) secured the passage :
of a bill for the construction of a j
bridge across the Missouri river at j
Oacoma, S. D.
Mr. Bacon (Ga) secured the passage j
of a bill for the construction of a
bridge over the Savannah river from I
the mainland in Chatham county, Ga , |
to Hutehinson's island.
At the request of Mr. Morgan the j
senate unanimously agreed to the j
limitation of the debate on the Nicar- j
aqua canal bill to fifteen-minute i
speeches after 3 o'clock next Tuesday >
■Mr. Turley was then recognized to j
speak on the Nicaragua canal bill. He !
announced himself as an advocate of I
a canal, but said he was opposed to the !
pending bill. He based his objection '
largely upon the fact that the Clayton- I
Bulwer treaty is in full force at the
present time.
At the conclusion of Mr. Turley's.
speech a bill was passed directing the
president to appoint Postmaster Gen- i
eral T. H. Stanton a major general
and retire him at that grade.
The senate then went into executive !
session and soon adjourned.
ALASKA CRIMINAL LAWS.
House Session Wax Devoted to Their !
Consideration.
WASHINGTON. Jan. 10.— The house !
devoted its undivided attention again
today to the bill for the codification
of the criminal laws of Alaska. "A num
ber of minor amendments were adopt- I
ed and about sixty additional pages of \
the bill were disposed of. Only ten >
pages remain.
i
dingleyjkTworse.
Mo Change Has Occurred
Dnrtnsr Twent y-Fonr Hoars.
WASHINGTON. Jan. 10.— No mate
rial change has been reached in the
condition of Chairman Dingley today.
He was a trifle .more comfortable, p.nl
there was a slight abatement of the [
nervousness which was so severe yes
terday. About the best that can be
said is that he ia not appreciably
worse. At 10 o'clock tonight one of I
his sons made the following statement: |
"Mr. Dingley is holding his own, and
resting quietly. Pulse good. Doctor^,
express themselves more hopeful."
In, "Winslow's Sootfclna; syrup
Km boon used for orer fifty yean by million*
of m. 'there for their c'ail.iren wHIK> teething, wtu:
pei-fait niccess. It sooiae* the child, goitaas the
gam*, lUayi all pain ; cures wind colic, and U
the best remedy for Diarrhea. Sold by DrugrrUt;
In every part of the world. Be mre and oik for
•• Mrs. WlDalnw'i (Soothing Syrup." and '*ke nc
other kind. Twenty -fl* » cents a bortls.
S When you hear of hundreds of people being 1 cured by
I Dr. Sanden's Electric Belt you should know that it is a won
g derful remedy. "It is worth its weight in jjold," wrote a
■ man to Dr. Sanden a few dars ago. Trr it for lame back.
I for weakness. It is an invig-orator and makes new blood
and nerve streng-ch. Book free.
SANOEN ELECTRIC CO., S.£% MjtpPOUS, Minn.
Office Hours — 9 a. m. to 6p. m. SuiTn^r 10 to 12 a. m.
3
GEN. WOOD MYSTIFIED
DORS NOT KNOW WHY HE WJJ)
CALLED FROM SWTIAGO TO
W.VSHIXGTOS
GEN. BROOKE IS MISTAKEN
There Wu Wo Popular Denion H tra
tlon in Santiago A K nin»t For
warding Cnstomi Receipt* to Ha
vana Residents Gave Gen. Wood
a. Bra*K Band Farewell Promi
nent Cobau Pleased.
NEW YORK. Jan. 10.-The United
States transport Mississippi, from San
tiago de Cuba, arrived at Quarantine
at 8:20 a. m. On board of her are Gen.
Wood, military governor of Santiago
accompanied by his aid-de-camp,
Lieut. Hanna, and l>r. Castillo, a dele
gate of the merchants and business
men of Santiago.
Gen. Wood said his visit here was la
response to a telegram from the secre
tary of war. received on the day he
left Santiago. What was required of
him by the government was only con
jectural. At the time he left "Santiago
everything was quiet, and the affairs
of the province and city in the best
condition.
When shown the dispatch stating
that Gen. Brooke had expressed aston
ishment that Gen. Wood had permitted
a demonstration at Santiago against
the order concentrating customs at
Havana, he declared that if such a
dispatch had bee^ sent by Gen Biooka
to Washington Gen. Brooke was labor-
Ing under a mistake. No such demon
stration had occurred. Gen. Wood said
he intended to take the first train
available for Washington and hoped to
return to Santiago by the transport
sailing next Wednesday.
Dr. Joaquin Castillo, who was a pas
senger on the Mississippi, and accom
panying Gen. Wood, is bound to
Washington as a representative of the
Santiago board of trade and the busi
ness community generally in the cus
toms matter. Dr. Castillo declined to
talk about his mission, but gave some
interesting facts abcnrt the Sanaa? >
matter. He said that as against the
monthly customs receipts at present
in Santiago formerly they were, about
$30,000 or less than half, th-.u-h the
present tariff Is mostly under the thirl
class, while the Spanish tariff, rigidly
stuck to the high charges under the
first class. No more imports were re
ceived now, may be not so much, but
all imports now paid their share of
the duty, instead of a great part be
ing stolen, as formerly. In addition to
the customs revenue, about J
yearly is realized from the municipal
taxts at Santiago. He said that the
paving of the streets of Santiago had
already begun in macadam and gran
ite, and later a great deal of asphalt
pavement is to be laid. He said there
were about a thousand Spanish soldiers
left in the province of Santiago, who
were employed in the mines bet«>>-n
Santiago and Guantanamo.
Ask^d as to the local government.
Dr. Castillo said it was working very
smoothly, and he thouglu in four or
five months' time the poopTe >
take it in their own hands. Gen. Wu^d
had appointed to o'flce generally the
most popular men, who would, no
doubt, have been given the places had
the people the right of election.
CUBAN FINANCES.
Dr. Jose Friar in Waj«hi lit t<>" to
DNrimn Them.
WASHINGTON, Jan. JO.— Dr. Jo.<«
Antonio Friar, chairman of the finance
committee of the Cuban assembly, and
ore of the leading lawyers of the isl
and, ha 3 arrived in Washington, and
will present to the department of state
a plan for the settlement of the finan
cial system of Cuba. This plan in
cludes a method of appropriating cer- "
tain revenues toward the payment of
the Cuban soldiers when they are dis
banded and other financial measures
for the relief of the Cuban people.
Dr. Friar is a leading candidate for
the appointment of chief justice, al
though it is asserted that his mission
in Washington at this time fs n*'t Co
further his candidacy for that office,
but is solely for the purpose of present
ing hia financial plans.