The Saint Paul globe., April 27, 1899, Minnesota Law Supplement, Page 18, Image 27

About The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905

Image provided by: Minnesota Historical Society; Saint Paul, MN

                
18
f© amend the law relating to a bridge In
Ftr. ::..- County 191 !
Ti' nmend th* law relat'.ri: to the exru-ndi- j
>■ . f county furujs upon public hl^h
wi - and b Idges 192 ;
. .v- relating tv laying cm coun
ty r ads 2uS !
: tating u> county road and
211 !
„;■• for dedicating land for a road
ua-," 221
Authorizing construction of roads ...227
FCHOOLS AND SCHOOL DISTRICTS.
T legaiiz ■ 9 :
laws relating to school meet
lugs " '
<vs relating to tenoivers' unlver-
Bitv • '■ 20
; I schools in cities of 60.
--
T. ;,i:, •■ I. iv< !■: ' ■■: to rural s.-hoote 64 ;
:■ In dlstrli t.» r>r O v«.r
.to provide funds
77
misfcisent tor Ules-a-1 vo:ir.g at
. • »s !
m state certiftoalep. . . .101 !
; ilng u>nds to Independent
■ i lets 103
•; he boun la of senatorial and
• ' - i : * 43 •
g to free libraries.. . 48 j
..!!;s to niem-
53
idmlselon to prac
;. • - ' 80
T - cietiM organ
g hvmes for
84 !
-rS OS
] :.; i ? pr •■erty In
SO ■
: r.:ted States. . 83
c 96
ml :.iv.- relating to lr-si>ectto»i of
01
f g amount paid by
. the state 83
To ; branding butter t»4 ■
1 . . • fsis ar.'i grass or.
107 :
the organization of certain
towns 121 I
1 itlon of dependent
133 ;
killing wolves 140 i
148
r ....:.>. :>• records of for
ts 160 i
breeding and domesticating
161 |
• g vacancies In boards of
102 ;
To • lating to legal hoi iday s . . . . 165 j
': .:: g fie?h within cer
tain was, ns icy
] ■ blic h-a'.Th by regrulatlng
:. after 175
9 thi use <>f pound nets In laior
nal 176 i
1 ■ relating t.> the burial of
honorably discharged Foldlers 178'
nd laws relating to fees of notaries
public 164 i
1 : leh b aid of appeals for Inspection
of g-nii:; 190
of townships upon
: 20G |
"" .-ior. with poMr to adjust
ms 212
To • enervation of forests. .. .214 j
TO n : ho-nts 223 j
To ai llitary oc.'.e 231 I
law providing for a new state
2.12 :
X the military cod* 2MS ■
he ga :ne law 242
To pi ayment of natlonaJ fniard..243
~ ■ • O>n of paints and wtatte
lead 244
w relating to adulteration of
foods 246 '
laws providing for a new state
caplt I 254
To create a system of dlstrtc-t poorhouse*. . .260
To prevent the use of chemical* In dairy
rr lv . 287
townships to establish public
buryin«r grounds 261
I : bit the desecration of Decoration
260 I
Re:atlr:pr to tra-Tasfer and assignment of
del ts 208 :
To air.er.d the drainage law 274 i
Belntlrs to mechanics' Hero 27T j
To transfer assets of reform school fund to
revenue fund 281
Declaring: the effect as evidence of reoordi
a::d fi'.es of engineering der>artm«n.t3i of
municipalities 284
Declaring certain dogrs a public milsanc* . . . . 2B6
To provide for encouragtn «nt of Hve stock
Intercuts of tha etate 287
To prevent rales of merchandise In fraud of
creditors 291
To prevent fraud in the sale of dairy prod
ucts 298
To provide for leasing th« elevator alt* at
Duluth 800
To condemn lands for Itaeca Stats tark . . . . Soß
To amend laws relating: to stats agricultural
society 804
To amend law protectlT.g owners of botrlea,
boxes, etc 806
To amend law to encourage manufacture of
Gug-ar 807
To regelate riectrlo wiring 812
To prevent messenger, ttleflrraph or other
companies from sending mJnom to plae*s
of 111 repute 813
To leg-a-llse acknowledgTr.ants 820
To leg-allze sheriff certificates 826
Relating to fences and other ilruoture*. . . .836
To amend law relating to collection of vital
etatistlos SBT
To arr.erui law relating to burial lots 840
To provide fox lien for labor as eervloe* 842
To amend laws relating to county drain*. . .84T
To provide for appointment of oommla»loo to
adjust olalrn of Twin City Jockey 01ub....84fl
To provide for a system of traveling libra
ries 858
To establish a naval re»erv» „ 868
To prevent the organization of trust* . 889
To provide for the Issue of bonds for the
purpose of building schoolbouses 188
To authorize boards of education In oltles of
60,000 to levy taxes 178
To provide for filling vacancies In school
boards 163
To legalise organization of school districts
upon Indian reservations 205
Bequlrlns eduoatlon of children 226
To require superintendents of schools to
visit schools , 889
To change boundaries of ichool fl Ist riots 288
To provide for free education of soldier* 846
To encourage a better oondltlon of publio
schools 852
To rsreal law relating to appointment ' of
school examiners 864
To amend ths laws relating to model
schools gSg
To amend laws relating to disposition of
miscellaneous fees of publio institutions. ..16T
To amend law? relating to soldiers' home... 164
To amend laws relating to eoldlere' home. ..166
To repulate the sale of binding twine manu
factured at the state prison 188
To amend laws relating to the management
of the state prison 228
STATE OFFICERS.
To amend laws relating to state treasurer's
bond gg
To provide for custodian of publio 'docu
ments 1 37
To appropriate money for salary of second
assistant attorney general 189
To authorize a bid for assets of banks by
auditor, governor and attorney general 250
Relating to compentatlon of supreme oourt
reporter 270
To prescribe duties of deputy state treas- ,
urer j^g
To fix saJary of deputy state treasurer 802
TAXATION.
To regulate the lavylng of taxes by oounty
commissioners In counties of 200,000 In
habitants* or over gj
To amend laws relating to sale of forfeited
property on tax sals t 35
To autl-oslze common councils of munici
palities to rebate assessments fl
To amend the laws relating to enforcement
of payment of delinquent taxes of 1897 84
To amend laws relating to tax levy rate . 117
To amend the law relating to taxation of
freight line and equipment companies. . 185
To provide for th» collection of taxes 190
To amend laws relating to assessment a!nd
collection of taxes 210
To amend laws relating to'list"of"delin
quent rcid ta_t 219
To provide uniform rate of taxation" in ;
villages 224 ;
Relating to taxation of Umber and mineral
lands 230
To umend laws relating to the assessment
and collection of taxes 24<j 1
To iiniend the Inheritance tax law !*!"281
To provide for levy of taxes for state pur
poses 273
To uniend laws relating to taxation of ex
press companies 317
T °l- fUr ° c payment of taxes delinquent iii
MISCELLANEOUS 322
To permit Historical eocltty to ereot monu
ment to perpetuate names of faithful In
dians g I
To provide for distribution of sugar best
seed g
To prescribe the manner of designating iaws 11
To amend laws relating to the practice of
pharmacy 84
To e.uthorlze the governor to designate' a
day to b9 known as Arbor and Bird day 86
To protect all persons In their civil and legal
rights 4 1
To amend laws relating to regulation of em
ployment bureaus 42
I!^l £ - JMJJfgjE. COMPILED
AND
, . PUBLISHED BY THE , ,
STjAOLDISPATCH
The Most Complete News
paper Plant In ths
Northwest.
OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE GENERAL LAWS OF MINNESOTA PASSED DUKING SESSION OF 1809.
NATIONALUBRARIAN
uncle: s\jrs new bookman will
HAVE NO EASY TASK TO
PERFORM,
PLACE SEEKERS AFTER HIM.
Congretl Jenlous of Interference
With the Library by the Assoein
tlon Which Mr. Putnam Repri
fccuts, uiitl There Is LlUoly to Be
'1 rouble Ahencl For the New Li
brarian t'nlfll He lisa l.ivtx of l'a
tlenoe and Tact— New Unties WIU
Keep Him Busy.
If Mr. Putnam, the newly appointed 11
--biarlan of congress, had realized the
troubles ihat are ahead of him, It Is likely
thai he would have persisted In his re
fusal to accept the pla.ee. He has been
pushed Into It, against his own Inclina
tion, by the National Library association,
which Is anxious to control the manage
ment of Uncle Sam's book collection.
This association consists of librarians, lit
erary folks and reformers, who hold pe
riodlcal conventions and arrive at conclu
sions as to how libraries should be run.
Congress, on the other hand. Is emphat
ically opposed to any such Interference
from outside, and hence a very vigorous
fight has been going on for some time.
Congress as a body looks upon the li
brary as peculiarly Its own and for Its
particular use. It refuses to regard the
collection as belonging to the public, or as
a national library In the ordinary sense.
This may be wrong or right, but it Is the
fact. Congress Is Jealous of the library,
and It resents the efforts of the associa
tion to put its flnger Into that pio, con
sidering the attempt a gross Impertinence.
It carries this felelng so far, indeed, that
many members think the president ought
not to have the right to nominate the
librarian, and that this prerogative
should bt-loug to congress alone.
Nevertheless, the organization referred
to Is represented in congress by a few
very influential members, such as Hoar,
L^dge and Reed, and it Is they who have
secured the appointment of Mr. Putnam.
He comes in as the library association's
man, and the situation seems pregnant
with mischief. To begin with, his confir
mation is likely to be vigorously opposed,
partly because his hesitation to accept
the place has not been relished by many
representatives and senators, who enter
tain a high estimate of the honor at
taching to the llbrarlanship. Next, there
will be a fight over the question of rais
ing his salary JLOOO, to equal the JG.OOo he
received In Boston— an advance which is
understood to be promised him by Sena
tors Lodge and Hoar.
If Mr. Putnam Imagines that he Is com
ing to Washington to take care of books
he Is largely mistaken, lor that will be a
minor branch of his work. His chief bus
iness will be to attend to applications for
employment. It Is no exaggeration to
Bay that nearly ono-half of his time will
be taken up in receiving vlsita from sena
tors and representatives who want jobs
for their friends, and in answering let
ters containing similar appeals. The li
brary is considered by the members gen
erally to be as much a part of congress
as the committee rooms In the capltol,
and they choose to take an activo part
In Its management. There Is not one of
them who will not consider that he has
a right to question the librarian's small
est executive act. How different from
Boston, where the trustees of the public
library have never thought of. approach
ing Mr. Putnam otherwise than with
deference.
The library of congress Is the only big
government institution outside of the civ
il service. In it are 133 salaried places,
more or less well paid, and for these,
though all of them are filled, there are
now on the file 6,000 applications. Per
haps there are some Incompetents among
the 133, and Mr. Putnam may wish to got
rid of them. Let him try to do so at
his peril! Every one of those Individuals
Is backed by a senator or an influential
member, and Mr. Putnam will have a
row on his hands at once. The senator
or representative, of course, considers
himself one of the managers of the estab
lishment, and will be quick to resent any
attempt to "bounce" his protege.
Meanwhile, Mr. Putnam will devote
much of his attention to the applications
and Indorsements of scrubwomen. What
ever he does he cannot get away from
the patronage problem. At his home, as
well as at his office, he will be beset con
tinually. Congressmen will bully and
women will weep for Jobs, and there will
be no rest for him. This was the sort
of thing that broke John Russell Young
down, vacancies can only be made by
discharging people, and anybody who Is
dismissed will Immediately proceed to
make trouble. The ex-employe is sure
to know enough Rbout the inside work
ings of the library to bring plausible
charges of maladministration, ana hia
representative or senator is very likely to
back them up.
Mr. Putnam's success as librarian of
congress will depend not upon his abil
ity to manage the book collection, but
upon the tact he uses In dealing with
congressmen. On no acocunt must he of
fend them, for to do so would be ruinous.
They are his bosses, every one of them,
and, If he will not do what they wish,
they will want to know the reason why.
Especially must, he be agreeable to sena
tors, for the upper house has more con
trol over the national book collection than
has the lower, and Is more Interested In
it. Though all money bills originate In
the house of representatives, the appro
priations for the library are really de
termined by the senate. I.et a senator
but take offense at anything:, and he will
coolly proceed to apply the torture to Mr.
Putnam— the pelne forte a dure, aa un
derstood In legislative procedure.
The offended senator will start the per
formance by introducing a resolution of
inquiry respecting some matter having to
<Jo with the management of tha library.
It may be merely a question as to what
disposition waa made of $15,000 appropri
ated for the purchase of books, with a
demand for a ilst of the volumes bought
with the money. This, naturally, means
a lot of trouble, the books In question
numbering 20.000, perhaps. Or perhaps the
resolution will demand a statement of
apportionment of appointments under the
librarian among the states. Whatever H
may be. It signifies annoyance. A resolu
tion of Inquiry Is something that senate
and house never fall to pass, because
members feel that measures of the sort
magnify the Importance of congress and
emphasize its control over affairs. In
Bucn ways, unless he Is very much on his
guard, Mr. Putnam will be kept continu
al];/ on a hot griddle.
The ordinary routine duties of the li
brarian of congress are sufficiently la
borious. Under the direct charge are
eleven departments, among which are the
reading room, the catalogue division, the
section of maps and charts, the art de
partment, the section of manuscripts, the
division of periodicals, and the depart
ment of copyrights. Every day he con
suits the chiefs of all these departments
In regard to their respective lines of work,
and in the Intervals of letter-wrltting he
signs all kinds of papers. All applica
tions for leave and vouchers for money
expenditures come to him for Indorse
ment, and It Is a part of his business to
examine all new books before they are
| absorbed Into the collection. In this way
he gets 6ome sort of notion aa to the
make-up of the Immense assemblage of
volumes In his charge.
Very little will Mr. Putnam have to do
with the actual management of the book
collection; he will have small time for
that. .It will be a part of his work to look
over 6uch recommendations for books to
be purchased as are offered by Mr. Spjf
ford, by congressmen, and by private in
dividuals. Meanwhile he will exercise a
general supervision over the preparation
of the great catalogue of the library
which cannot be completed within less
than twenty years, owing to the gigantic
character of the task. It will comprise
not only printed lists, but also a com
plete card catalogue, so that any book,
pamphlet, manusorlpt, map, periodical,
newspaper, or picture can be referred to
at a moment's notice. There Is already
a card catalogue in existence, but It is
very Incomplete and unsatisfactory.
It Is a part of the business of the li
brarian of congress to anticipate topics
that are going to be uppermost In public
Interest In the near future, and to get up
bibliographies on them. In this way"
popular curiosity regarding the Philip
pines was gratified with the aid of early
lists of reference to books of Information
on the subject. So far as duties of this
kind go. Mr. Putnam's work will be llko
that of an editor, who is trying all the
time to keep a little ahead of the people's
demand for news and literary "stuff "
The real management of Uncle Sam's
book collection Is In the hands of Mr
Alnsworth R. Bpofford. who has been
only too glad to relinquish his former
control over the executive business of the
library. Ills task nowadays is thoroughly
congenial to his tastes, being purely liter
ary. He gives epecUJ attention to the
filling of 'gaps," arxi congress hitherto
niggardly In furnishing money for the
purchase of rooks, h r&aklng this practi
cable by fafcly liberal supplies oi cash
for the purpose. Fifteen thousand dol
lars If allowed this year and $25,000 has
been promised for next year. Advantage
Is taker, of sales of private libraries and
estates for the acquisition of needed vol
umes. At the same time, congress will
not put up 5 cents for the purchase of
rare manuscripts and other material
which the Library association Is anxtoui
to have secured. One department of the
library of congress Is decidedly profitable
—1. c. , the division of copyrights*. Its re
ceipts are about $60,000 a year and Its ex
penses $37,000. The register of copyrights,
who Is under bond of 520,000 to the libra
rian, deposits monthly In the treasury all
moneys received by him.
The Library association will expect Mr.
Putnam, as a matter of course, to Inject
Its ideas into the managment of the li
brary. If he fails to do so there will be
trouble. If, or. the other hand, he at
tempts to Introduce the reforms whl h !t
advocates, look out for squa-lls. Either
■way there Is mischief brewing.—Wash
ington Post.
VSE OF STUDIES.
"The Wit May no Wrought Out «>y
Fit Studios."
Studies serve for delight, for orna
ment and for ability. Their chief use for
delight Is In privatencss and retiring; for
ornament Is In discourse; and for ability
Is In the judgment and disposition of
business; for expert men can execute, |
and perhaps Judge of particulars, one by
or.c; but the general counsels, and the
plots and marshaling of affairs, come
bfst from those that are learned.
To spend too much time in studies is
sloth: to use them too much for orna
ment Is affectation; to make judgment
wholly by their rules Is the humor of
the scholar; they perfect nature, and are
perfected by experience; for natural abil
ities are like natural plants, that need
pruning by study; and studios themselves
do g-lve forth directions too much at
large, except they be bounded In by ex
perience.
Crafty men contemn studies, simple
men admire them, and wise men use
them; for they teach not their own use;
but that is wisdom without them, and
above them won by observation. Head
not to contradict and confute, nor to be-
Hfevo and take for granted, nor to find
talk and discourse, but to weigh and con
sider.
Some books are to be tested, others to
be swallowed, and some few to be chewed
and digested: that Is, some books are to
be read only In parts; others to be read,
but not curiously; and some few are to
be read wholly, and with diligence and
attention. Some books also may be read
by deputy, and extracts made or them by
others; but that would bo only in the less
Important arguments, and the meaner
sort of books: else distilled books are
like common distilled waters, flashy
things.
Heading maketh a full man; conference
a ready man; and writing an exact man;
and therefore, if a man write little, he
had need have a great memory; if he con
fer little, he had need have a present wit;
and If he rend little, ha had need have
much cunning to seem to know that he
doth not.
Histories make men wise; pools, witty;
the mathematics, subtle; natural philoso
phy, d«ep; moral, grave; logic and rhet
oric, able to contend: "Abeunt Ktudla In
mores;" nay, there Is no stand or impedi
ment In the wit but may be wrought out
by fit studies; like as diseases of the body
may have appropriate exercises; bowling
is good for the stone and reins, shooting?
for the lungs and breast, gentle walking
for the stomach, riding for the head, and
the like; so, If a man's wit be called
away, never so little, he must begin
again: If his wit be not apt to distin
guish or find differences, let him study
the schoolman, for they are "Cyminl Sec
tores;" if he be not apt fo beat ever mat
ters, and to call upon one thing to prove
and Illustrate another, let him study the
lawyer's cases; so every defect of the
mind may have a special receipt. — Fran
cis Bacon's Essay on Studies.
THE GIRLS' LETTERS.
It la a Common Tiling For Men to
Show Them to Each Other— One
Yooug Woman Who Rend Three
nnd Then Made n Resolve.
"Some men, nay, many men, have a
most reprehensible habit of showing the
notes and letters written them by girls
not only to other men, but, what is still
worse, to women," said a bright girl yes
terday. "Every woman knows that this
Is true," Bays the Philadelphia Times.
"Doubtless there Is not one of us who
has not had submitted to her scrutiniz
ing gaze an epistle written by some fair
maid to a man whom she thoroughly
trusted.
"Only a day or two ago this breach of
confidence on the part of masculinity—
for It Is nothing less— was brought viv
idly to my notice by a man who handed
me three letters written by feminine
friends to read. I know that when he
offered them to me I should, by all the
laws of honor, have put my hands sternly
behind me and said in stilted fashion,
'I refuse to take advantage of my sis
ters.'
"But, alas! I did nothing of the sort.
Eve left me a full heritage of curiosity,
and I rfas just wild to see what was In
those notes. I was tempted and I fell.
I read them, I even criticised them, for
you see, I am Interested in the man. I
was altogether horrid and dishonorable;
but one thing the incident did for me;
I resolved instantly that never would
that man get a scratch of the pen from
me any more than an innocent 'I will
be pleased to have you, 1 etc. He won't
even get that If he can be reached by
telephone. I was very much disappointed
In him, for these were loverlsh letters,
you understand.
"Two other men whom I know don't
hesitate to say that they read each oth
er's mail. Indeed, one of them does most
of the correspondence for the firm, and
If his chum la busy makes a draft of an
answer to the letter which It is necessary
to be responded to immediately, the lat
ter copying it docilely at his leisure. For
three weeks In this way the. one was
writing to the other's fiancee, while she,
poor girl, was pouring out her heart to
her betrothed, Innocent that the outpour-
Ings were read by this outsider, who,
having no sympathy In the matter, must
have had no end of amusement out of it.
"I tell you, It's a long-headed girl who
never writes anything In a letter to a
man that she doesn't mind a select co
terie of his friends seeing— fiancee or no
fiancee.
"There Is a ganeral Idea that only very
young men are addicted to this custom,
but that Is a mistake. I know men of
S3, which Is certainly an age of discretion,
who have no more conscience about show-
Ing letters than a boy of 18. It's a shame,
but It's true. I know, because they show
them to me."
SPRUCE GUM HUNTING.
The Rough and Adventurous Maine
Woodsmen Who Carry It On.
Although chewing gum of various kinds
—pepsin and special digestion aids— can
be procured at every city corner from th*
penny 6lot machine, nothing has ever
taken the place of the genuine spruce,
and It still sells at a high price. It can
not be Imitated, nor Is there any counter
felt which Is anything like It. Some of
the druggists In Eastern Maine have
contracts for spruce gum aggregating
thousands of dollars. Some of them have
"staked" gum hunters and sent them Into
the woods. Most of the Maine gum finds
Its way to the city markets that de
mand for consumption the round red
lumps that gleam with inner fires' like
the bloodstone. This choice gum Is readi
ly sold by the Maine wholesalers at $150
a jnound.
Gum hunting has many elements like
rubber cutting In the tropics, the men
burying themselves in the wilds for
months. The expenses of the hunter are
almost nothing, and the receipts from
his quest are likely to be in the nature
of a small Klondike find. Some tobac
co, a few bushels of beans, some coffee
flour and fat meat, with the game he
kills, furnish him bodily fuel for the sea
son, while he will frequently In a single
day secure gum that will net him $10 In
the market. He Is Independent, too, with
his canoe, his snowshoes and his' gun
His canoe will be laid up during the
winter, but when the rivers open ho will
bring down his winter's finds. He is not
likely, however, to work any too In
dustrlously In gum hunting, but rather
to make short days, and fish and hunt
the balance of the time. A few days*
hard work will furnish him a cozy shack
In the deep forest near the bank of a
stream, and with wood unlimited and a
sharp ax he is not likely to suffer and
when a storm Is on he does not leave his
comfortable camp.
The solitude of the thing would drive
many men mad, but the northern woods
man Is different from most men He car
ries a pack with him at all times even
when hunting so that should he run across
an old gum scar he can take advantage
of It without making another trip When
spring opens he returns to civilization
tough, rugged and hard as seasoned oak
and he may have a pack of gum to the
value of several hundred dollars; but
long, lpng before the next season the
money Is all gone, and probably some one
will have to "grubstake" him If he la to
go for sura again.— New York Tribune
PAY OF PREACHERS,
SOAIB PULPIT ORATORS ARE MU
NIKICEXTI/I" PAID FOR.
THEIH SERVICES.
j
! DR. HIRSCH IN FIRST RANK.
New Salary of Chloa.go Preacher
Equal* Thnt of Any Other United
St»i ff* Clergyman — ( ■onipcnantlon
In Other It,,i . ssionn.
In offering Dr. Emll O. Hlrsch $15,000 a
year for fifteen years to remain as its
pastro, Sana! congregation of Chicago will
pay him as large a salary as la received
by any clergyman ir. the United States.
It Is the same that is paid Bishop Potter
of New York, who, however, has a rec
tory furnished, heated and lighted freo
of cost, and Is provided with a private
; secretary. The late Rev. Dr. Hall, of the
I Fifth Avenue Presbyterian church of
j New York, during the last years 'of his
life, received the largest salary ever paid
to a clergyman In the United States,
which was $20,000 a year, with a manse.
Mr. Beecher received $20,000 without the
manse. Dr. Hall's salary proper was $15,
--000, and $5,000 additional was contributed
by Robert Bonner and two other wealthy
members of the congregation. His suc
cessor, Mr. Connell, who comes from Re
gent's Park Presbyterian church of Lon
don, Is offered $10,000 and a residence.
That Is the salary paid to Dr. Gregory,
dean of St. Paul's cathedral, and Dr.
Bradley, dean of Westminster abbey,
London. Dean Farrar received $7,000 a
year. The hierarchy of the Church of
England enjoy enormous salaries, which
are necessary to maintain the large estab
lishments required of them. The arch
bishop of Canterbury receives $60,000 a
year, but he needs evory cent of it to
met his social and ecclesiastical obliga
tions at Lambeth palace, the home of
the primate of the Church of Englana.
The salary of the archbishop of York and
that of the archbishop of London id $50,
--000 a year. The archbishop of Ireland re
ceives $12,500. The other bishops of the
Church of England are paid from $10,000
to $25,000 a year. The average pay of a
vicar In England is $3,500 outside the largo
cities. In the cities the salary varies
according to the wealth of the parish,
from $2,000 to $10,000.
Th.c Episcopalians and Presbyterians
pay larger salaries than any other de
nominations, but the pulpits m,t envied
in the United States are those <v the col
legiate reformed Dutch church of New
York city. There are seven or eight
churches of that denomination under the
management and supported from an en
dowment that is exceedingly rich. Its
income is next to that of Trinity church,
and amounts to several hundred thousand
dollars a year. The pastors of the col
legiate churches are paid $10,000 for life,
and are allowed to retire from active pas
toral work when they reach the age of 65
years.
Trinity parish is the richest in the
vrorUVand has an income of about $300,000
from buildings and other Investments. It
supports five or six churches, several
schools, hospitals and other charitable
institutions and pays the manager of its
business a salary of $10,000 a year. The
rector of Trinity church receives $12,500.
The same salary is paid by St Thomas'
and St. Bartholomew's. I waa informed
by good authority that five clergymen in
New York city received that salary and
at least twelve received $10,000 a year.
The average pay of a clergyman in New
York city, excepting the pastors of mis
sion churches, is probably $0,030.
The editorial profession is_not so well
paid. There are probably sixteen editors
in New York, not proprietors of newspa
pers, who receive $10,000 a year or over.
The Journal and World have four each,
the Herald two, the Times, Post and
Brooklyn Eagle one each. The highest
editorial salary paid in the United States
is $15,000.
Editorial writers of recognized ability,
city editors, news editors and managing
editors on the large daily papers are paid
from $5,000 to $7,500 a year.
A few physicians In New York make
very large-- fees. There are two or threo
specialists whoso incomes will exceed $50,
--000 a year, perhaps ten make $25,000 and
perhaps twenty make from $15,000 to $20,
--000. Ten thousand dollars a year Is con
sidered a large practice.
The salaries of our college professors
do not compare with those of Europe, al
though public school teachers In the
United States are paid two or three times
as much. The teacher of an ordinary
school in England. France or Germany,
who makes $25 a month Is doing very well,
but several chairs at Oxford, Cambridge,
Edinburgh, Glasgow and Aberdeen uni
versities are worth from $10,000 to $12,000
a year. The same difference is found in
the government service. High officials are
paid two or threo times as much in Eu
rope as in this country, but ordinary
clerks enjoy not more than one
third or one-fourth the compensation
that is received for corresponding serv
ices in the United States. The university
professors in Europe often enjoy heredit
ary grants and dues from students, which
are not customary in the United States.
The chair of anatomy in Edinburgh med
ical faculty is probably the most .valuable
of any professorship in the world, being
worth about $25*000 a year. One of the
professorship? in the University of Berlin
Is worth $15,000. but there the popularity
of a professor has a great deal to do with
his compensation. In the United Stat.es
the college faculties receive from $1,500 to
$4,000 a year.
We hear a great deal about the enor
mous fees charged by city Lawyers, and
many of the stories are no doubt true.
Nelson Cromwell, of New York has the
reputation of receiving the largest single
fee ever paid to an attorney for a single
service, which was $260,000 cash for advis
ing and assisting Decker, Howell & Co.,
| a firm of brokers, during the &anic
caused by tho collapse of the Vulard
Northern Pacific syndicate, about twelve
years ago. His clients not only cheerful
ly paid this amount, but after their af
fairs were settled presented him with a
handsome silver service properly in
scribed as a testimonial of their confi
dence and gratitude. Mr. Cromwell re
ceived r similar amount, and some say
even more, for his services as counsel for
the receivers of the Northern Pacific and
Wisconsin Central railroads; f 300,000 was
paid to the attorneys who advised the re-
I organization committee of the Union Pa
cific railroad, but their services continued
for several months, and five or six firms
were engaged.
Jose Igr.atio Rodriguez, a Washington
lawyer, received a fee of $2>X),000 for set
tling what was known as the Mora claim
against Spain. Grover Cleveland was
given a check for SIOC',OOO by E. C. Bene
dict for his advice in the organization of
the gas trust. Walter S. Logan, of New
York, received $100,000 cash lor his ser
vices in a recent will case In Connecticut.
William M. Evarts, Mr. Choate, Alexan
der & Green, Judge Hoadley, Francis
Lynde Stetson and oth.^r New York law
yers who (lo a co-.pora.tion business, have
been making a Rreat deal of money re
cently by assisting in tho organization of
trusts. Their fees for such sei vices will
average $20,0u0, but this money is not only
I divided among several persons, but is
I used to pay small armies of clerks, sten
ographers and assistants.
A big law firm like Hoadley, Lauter
bach & Johnson, will have twenty-five or
thirty, and some of them even more per
sons on their pay rolls. Tracy, Board -
I man & Flatt, who are counsel for con
tractors and other political clients, make
a great deal of money. Judge Dillon,
the attorney for the Gould system, has
a salary of $25, W0 a year. Judge Gary,
of Chicago, who negotiated the reorgan
ization of the Federal Steel company, Is
said to have made $100,000 in a few weeks.
President Harrison's fee as counsel of
the Venezuelan government before the
boundary arbitration at Paris will be
$50 000. Ex-Secre*ary Tracy, his associ
ate, will receive $25,000. John W. Foster
was paid $100,000 for his services as ad
viser to the Chinese government in ne
gotlatinp tlio peace treaty with Japan.
The lu^^n salary received by any per
son In the United States is paid to Mr.
Hyde, the president of the Equitable Lifo
Insurance company— sloo,ooo a year. He
owns the controlling interest in the com
pany and simply takes the money out
of one pocket and puts it into another.
Frank Thompson, president of the Penn
sylvania railroad, receives $50,000 a year;
Chauncey M. Depew, as president of the
New York Central, receives $25,000, and
few of the presidents of the great trunk
lines are paid less.
John Gates, as president of the Illinois
S(eeT company, received a salary of $40,
--000. Four of the managers of the Car
negie company receive $25,000 each, to
gether with an interest in the profits.
At least twelve of the Carnegie superin
tendents receive $10,000 each.
George Gould, who Is president of the
Western Union, the Missouri Pacific and
several other large corporations, receives
no salary from any of them.
Bank presidents in New York, who de
vote their entire time, are paid from $10,0 0
to $25,000 a year and enjoy unusual oppor
tunities for making money outside. Tho
presidents of some of the largest banks
accept no salary at all. Mr. Williams,
president of the Chemical Na
tional bank, the largest In the United
States, Is paid $100 a month for his serv
ices.— W. fl. Ourtlß In Chicago Record.
AN ACROBATIC BUUGLAH,
His Victims Sever Knew Whether
to Laagh or Cry.
"How do you do It?" asked the exam
ining magistrate, curiously, as he was
questioning a prisoner who had been
brought to him. The man, delighted at
having a fresh opportunity to display
his skill, treated the official to a little
lecture by way of preface, and ther., suit-
Ing the action to the word, climbed up
the walls of the chamber In which they
had been seated together alone, Jumpod
down from the highest points which he
could reach, bounded over chairs and
tables, and wat engafeVd In turning a
magnificent Bomersauit when the munici
pal guards stationed In the passage out
side darted Into the rescue, under tho
Impression, derived from the noise and
confusion, that the worthy Judge d'ln-
Stiuctlon was being murdered outright.
The police had hac their work out out
lor them In the capture of this queer I
Individual, who, not satisfied with his i
earnings in the triple role of a clown, & I
"Hercule," and a professor of gymnas- !
tics — as he Btyled himself proudly— had j
utilized his athletic prowess lr. a series i
of extraordinary burglaries, over which j
his unlucky victims had not exactiy
known whether to laugh or to ory, so
comical was the manner In which they
were perpetrated.
Thuß, en one occasion a respectable clt- !
Izen and his wife, well endowed with this !
world's goods, were aroused from their '
slumbers in the small hours of the morn
ing to behold a shadowy phantom steal
ing softly about their room. The ghost,
however, suddenly recalled Its substan
tial reality by seizing the lady's Jewelry,
which was lying about, as well as some
of her husband's bank notes, which were
also in convenient proximity to the
trinkets, and when a move was made In
Its direction the window was opened, ana
out It Jumped, sustaining no nurt as It I
alighted on the pavement. On another
occasion a balcony had been scaled with
like felonious purpose.
Sometimes this odd burglar descended
from a roof or a chimney on to his prey,
Sometimes, again, he called street lamps
into requisition, and swung himself into
open windows with their assistance. On
the eventful day of the capture no lesa
than fifteen policemen had been posted
rcund the house' which he had entered i
unbidden, while some of their comrades |
proceeded in search of him. Finding that i
He was about to be caught on the second
story from tho ground, "the man treated
i his pursuers to a mocking laugh, and,
lumping out of one of the windows, would
nave escaped but for the fact that he
had reckoned without his hosts, and so
alighted In the midst of a group of agents
of the law, who had to handcuff and bind
him forthwith, as he would inevitably
have slipped from their grasp.
Such Is tho strange individual in whose
mode of operation the examining magis
trate exhibited so much interest. Spe
cial measures have been taken for re
taining him in custody. Careful watch
and ward are kept round his cell, in the
passages, and In the street, as there is
no saying what odd form his remarkable
activity may not assume, and now that
they have caught him the officials fully
Intend to hold him fast.— London Tele
graph.
THOUGHTS ABOUT LIFE.
What a French Philosopher's Ob
servation Has Tuiiiili*.
Those who have the most frivolous Idea
of sin are just those who suppose that
there is a fixed gulf between good "peo
ple and others.
The Ideal which the wife and mother
makes for herself, the manner In which
she understands duty and life, contain
the fate of the community. Her faith
becomes the star of the conjugal ship,
and her love the animating principle
that fashions tho future of all belonging
to her. Woman is the salvation or de
struction of the family. She carries ita
destinies in the folds of her mantle.
Perhaps it Is not desirable that a
woman should be free in mind; she
would immediately abuse her freedom
She cannot become philosophical with
out losing her special gift, which Is the
worship of all that Is individual, tho de
fense of usage, manners, beliefs tradi
tions Her role is to slacken the combus
tion of thought. It is analogous to that
of azoto in vital air.
In every loving woman there is a priest
ess of the past— a pious guardian of some
aflection. of which the object haa disap
peared.
The distinerulphecl mark of religion ig
not so much liberty as obedience, and
Its value is measured by the sacrifices
which It can extract from" the individual.
A young girl's love is a kind of piety.
We must approach It with adoration, if
we are not to profane it. and with poetry
if we are to understand It. If thero is
anything in the world which gives us a
sweet. Ineffable Impression of the Idea! it
is this trembling, modest love. To de
ceive It would be a crime. Merely to
watch its unfolding life Is bliss to tho be
holder: he sees In it the birth. of a divine
marvel. When the garland of youth
fades on our brow, let us try at least to
have the virtues of maturity; may ws
grow better, gentler, graver, like the
fruit of the vine, while its leaf withers
and falls.
He who asks of life nothing but the
improvement of his own nature, and a
continuous moral progress towards in
ward contentment and' religious submis
sion. Is less liable than any one else to
miss and waste life.— Amlel's Journal
FIGHTING THE SEA.
Building; Defenses Against Ita As
saults On Const of Scliles-wlg.
If we were to visit this spring the low
west coast of fachleswlg, where the drift
ing sands are constantly changing the
vague outlines of the shore, we would
witness a scene of unusual activity. Along
that part of the coast fronting Halllgen
Islands the large appropriation of the
Prussian legislature for the protection of
the coast and Islands against the inva
tlon of the North sea is being expended
A large force of men Is now building the
dam or breakwater between the little is- i
land of Oland and the mainland, which i
In connection with other works already i
completed, is expected to keep the sea
within bounds for many miles along the
coast.
The people living along this constantly
endang-ered part of the shore have a live
ly anticipation of acquiring new lands
covered with rich, deep mud, which will
bo reclaimed from the sea by the dikes
building around them. They expect that
not only will these defenses keep the sea
from eating the mainland away, but also
that new areas of land will be secured
after windmills and steam power have
pumped the inclosed spaces dry. Holland
calls these reclaimed areas "polders,'" and
haa over 1,000 of them along the southern
part of her coast, and Schleswlg will win
a new series of "polders" through 'the
walls now building to hem In the over
flowed lands.
Not even Holland herself has suffered
more from the eruptions of the sea than
these outlying Islands of Sc.hleswig. On
any pood map may be seen hundreds of
sand banks, or watten, as fi^ey are called,
lining the coast and extending twenty or
more miles out into the North sea. In
the middle ages these sand banks, now
hidden under the waters at flood tide,
were a part of the mainland and u-ere
covered with fertile fields. Since then the
sea has gnawed the entire coa.st away
to a depth of over twenty miles, and the
Islands are now merely the ruins of what
was solid land. In 600 years Schleswig
has lost one-third of her area by these j
persistent assaults of the sea.
A special feature of the new works is
the complete protection they are intended
to give to the low-lying Halllgen Islands,
which rise only a few feet above high
water. Their Inhabitants have been driv
en by the encroachments of the sea to
live In small cabins built on artificial j
mounds, and, worn out by the hardships |
and uncertainties of their position, many
of them have abandoned their homes and
sought refuge on the mainland. — Now
York Sun.
A Nerv Hni-lan Sect.
Another of those curious sects which
are continually springing up in Russia Is
reported from the government of Astrak
han. They call themselves, or are called,
Enochltes, and their beliefs are, as usual
in these cases, the result of gross Ignor
ance, combined with much reading of the
Bible. All tokens of the Imperial govern
ment are unrecognized by them, as being
the works of antl-Chrlst, whose seal,
namely the Russian eagle, they find on
all official papers and the current coin of
the land. That wonderful priest, John of
Kronstadt, Is for them the Prophet Hllas,
while the local orthodox priest is Enoch,
and the appearance of these two in tho
flesh they regard as presaging the end of
the world. As Is the custom In such
cases, the police have laid hands on all
members of the sect that they could, and
somo soventy persons are now lying in
prison, and will In the ordinary course be
sent off to "residence" for life In Siberia,
From one point of view the frequenoy
with which these sects keep springing up
Is a good sign for Russian progress,
though the orthodox church cannot well
afford to recognize the fact. While men
read their Blble.s, and however absurdly
or mistakenly Interpret what they reas
for themselves, they are making progress,
for the average Russian, even In very
much more exalted circles than the poor
peasants among whom these sects appear, I
know a great deal more about the code
of laws than about the Scriptures.—Lon
don Standard.
VITAL, STATISTICS.
Various Fcntnrea of the World'a
Population.
A German biologist has calculated that
the human brain contains 300,000,000 nerve
cells. 6.000.00 Cof which die and are suc
ceeded by new ones every day. At this
rate, assuming the correctness of the
German's g"jces, we get an entirely new
brain every sixty days.
The bor.oe of an average man's skele
ton weigh twenty pounds. Those of a
woman are probably six pounds lighter.
More than 40 per cent of the Brltlnh
people could not write their names when
the aueen ascended the throne. The pro
portion in that condition has now been
reduced tc 7 per cent.
It Is computed that when at rest we
consume iM cubic inches of air a minute.
Bays Prof. HumerwelL If we walk at
the rate o£ one mile an hour we use 800;
two miles, 1,000; three miles, 1.600; four
ml+es. 2,300. If we start iut and run six
m:.es er. hour, we consume 8,000 cubic
Inches of air during every minute of the
time.
For veare past the French population
has only been kept from showing an ab
solute decrease by the Infiux or foreign
workmen 'nto the great towns, and yet
the French allow the folly of the co
lonial partj to drag them Into ridicu
lous enterprises abroad for the benefit
of a few greedy of/.cUis and function
aries. A nation rtth a aecreising popu
lation can never vMd ;o o.iles, and the
French may rest assured hat sooner or
later their colonies will go the way of
those possessed by the sister nation,
Spain.
It seems an easy matter to compute*'
"the floating population" of the land, but
to estimate the re&; population afloat Is
quite another task. A recent computation
as to the population ailoat on the At
lantic, however calculates that last year
there was a dally average of 8.651 vessels
at sea, with 44,889 men In their crewg
fcvery day also 1,60-i steamers, with crews
numbering 53,263 men and 8i,365 passengers
were afloat on the Atlantic. This made
a dai.y average for the year of 5,155 ves
sels and 130,727 persons spread over the
whole Atlantic suifaca.
In only twenty-four departments Is
there any increase; In sixty-three depart -
m .'r nt , 3 there ls a Positive falling off, and
this Is more especially marked in the ru
ral communes Even more than In Eng
land does the population flock from the
country to the town, and yet we are al
ways hearing fo the perfect nature of the
French agrarian laws and of the advant
ages of smail holdings. The fact is that
small holdings tend to keep down the
rural population, for the subdivision of
fields nan now got to such a pitch that
any family at ail often means starvation
to a man and wife.
The returns of the census for France
which was taken on March 23, 1897 have
now been published and compared with
the statistics of the previous census
which was taken six years before, on
April 12, 1891. A year ago the number
or people In France was 35,225,969, and at
the 1891 census It was 38.0&5.150, so that in
the six years the population of France
had only Increased by 13S,819_persons
And given this trifling increase is mroe
apparent than real, for It has taken placo
entirely in the large towns, and ls due
to the Infiux of foreigners such as Bel
gians and Italians who are to be found
in Increasing numbers among the urban
population of France.
SUPERSTITIOXS.
Friday la Hot Considered the Only
Unlucky Day,
In ancient times the heathen were so
superstitious with regard to certain days
that they were pointed out in their calen
dars with different colored characters to
mark the lucky ones and the unlucky,
and aii classes arranged the details of
marks With referenC9 to these
Vv We °, f , th< ? P^sent day claim to be free
rrom all this, but many (.here are in thl=
superstitious nineteenth century who will
not beirin a Journey nor a piece of work
on Irica-y, nor cut the ha.tr in the last
quarter of the moon, and who are very
much frightened if the soft rays of Luna
chance to fail upon the face while they
are asleep.
Friday la ever under a ban; even with
regard to the weather, there Is an old
saying which declares that;
Friday's moon.
Come when it will, comes too soon.
In the "Book of Knowiedgo" there is
lha following account of the perilous days
or every month.
In the change of every moon be two
days in which what thine soever ls be
gun, late or never, it shall come to no
good end, ana the days be full perilous
tor many things. In January when the
moon U three or four days old; in Feb
ruary. sth or 7th; In March, 6th or 7th j in
April, sth or Bthj May, Sth or yth; June,
sth or loth; July, 3d or 13th; August Sth
or 13th, September, Sth or 13th; October,
oth or 12th; November, sth or 6th; Decem
ber. 3rd or 13th."
There are many superstitions connect
ed with New Year's day; one that Is still
firmly believed by many of the devout
ls that of opening the Bible at random
and putting the linger on any chapter
contained In the two open pages. It Is
believed that the luck or unluck of the
coming year will in a greater or less
degree be foreshadowed by some of the
lilies.
Again, others believe that it Is very
unlucky to take anything out of the
house on New Year's morning b-jfore tak
ing somethln; the old rhyme whioh ex
presses this belief runs as follows)
Take out, then take In,
Bad luck win begin:
Tako In, then take out,
Good luck comes about.
Certain days for birth have generally
some particular attribute given them
which tells us that the child;
Born on Saturday, work hard for your
living;
Born on Tuesday, full of God's grace i
Born on Wednesday, sour and sad 1
Born on Thursday, merry and glad;
Born on Friday, worthily given;
Born on Monday, ls fair of face;
Born on Sunday, you will never know'
want.
The quaint Scotch version varies some
what from this, yet they undoubtedly
had the same origin i
Monday's bairn is fair of face
Tuesday's bairn is full of grace,
Wednesday's bairn's a child of woe,
Thursday's bairn has far to go,
Friday's batrn ls loving and giving,
Saturday's bairn works hard for a living
But a bairn that is born on the Sabbath
day
Is lively and bonnle, and wise and gay.
Queer Thing:* About Ant mala.
Tha oldest living cerature In the world
belongs to Walter Rothschild It Is a
giant tortoise, weighing: n quarter of a
ton, and it has a known life of lf>o years
One of the longest lived bird? on record
died recently in London. It was a parrot
named Ducky, the property of the Prince
of T\a ; es .and was a century and a quar
ter old. I p to eighty years of atre ele
phants are useful members of society.
Some animals can live many years with
out water. A paroquet lived fifty-two
years In the London Zoo without taking
a drop of water. A number of' reptiles
ive and prosper in places where there
ls no water.
That, sleeping or waking, snakes never
close their eves Is a curious fact
When a chameleon ls blindfolded It
loses all power of changing' Its color, and
Its entire body remains of a uniform tint
The lantern fly of Surinam, South
America, has two sets of eyes, so as to
catch the light from all directions It ls
much more brllllar.t than our firefly
Am? have brains larger In proportion
to the size o.' their bodies than any other
living creature.
There are several varieties of flsh that
cannot swim. In every instance they are
deep-sea dwellers, and crawl Rbout the
rocks using their tails and fins ns legs
There are three varieties of the dog
that never bnrk-the Australian dog the
Egyptian shepherd dog, and "lion-head
ed dog of Thibet.
The elephant has 40,000 muscles in his
trunk alone, while a man has only 577 in
his entire body.
In China carrier pigeons are protected
from birds of prey by an Ingenious littlo
apparatus consisting of bamboo tubes
fastened to the birds' bodies with thread
passed beneath the wings. As the pigeon
flies, the action of the air passing through
the tubes produces a shrill, whistling
sound vThich keeps birds of prey at a dis
tance.
Not the Time to Leave Her.
"Do you mind if I go into the smoking
coujpartmeiH of the car for a few min
utes?" he asked.
"You'd better not go Just now," she re
plied, suggestively. "We're coming to a
tunnel In a few minutes."
SAND AND STONES.
THEBE IS MTTLE ELSE TO BD
Nl.il-: \ ON THE ROAD TO
JERUSALEM.
NO SIGN OF LIFE FOR MILES.
A Journey That Is In Mnny Ways n
Diufi jMiui ii ( in'-iii — Scenery In Com
monplace — Desolate Plain* anil
Mountains.
A land flowing with milk and honey,
that ought to be pleasant to the eye.
even though a trifle sticky. Of course,
between Haifa and Jaffa, whore the road
follows the coast line, you naturally ex
pect sand; and where there are so many
crusading ruins on the way you are not
surprised to find the barren monotony of
the sand diversified by heaps of stones.
For of that noble emotionalism which
Peter the Hermit excited, heaps of brok
en stones lying In the Band are ail that
remain us memorials of the pitiful trag
edy of their chivalrous enterprises. The
Saracen planted his flag over their Im
pregnable strongholds and contemptuous
ly pulled them stone from stone. The
barren sand reasserted Its dominion and
swept over everything, and though It
U not co many hundreds of years ago, a
heap of stones that might mark a name
less grave is all that remains of the very
ruins of many a building that was meant
to be eternal.
Go along the dreary coast; there. where
the crusaders fixed their strongholds, you
do not look for the beauty of a fertile
land. But when you leave the white pile
mound of the Jaffa houses behind and
strike Inland toward Jerusalem you <3o
begin to look out with thrilled expectation
for the milk and the honey, the klna
placidly grazing In the smooth pastures,
the bees flitting among the (lowers and
all the other signs of the abundant rich
ness of the Land of Promise. You look
from the windows of the narrow-gauge
crawling, rattling Jerusalem railway
train, and you see a land flowing with
sand and rocks.
Near to Jaffa you see here and there a
gray-green patch, which means olive trees
or a brighter green- patch, which means
an orange grove. But these you find are
signs not of the natural richness of the
country, but of the supernatural piety
and Industry of the German and other
Christian colonists. And the olive groves
you notice only seem beautiful by con
trast with the surrounding wilderness
Compared with one's recollection of an
English orchard they are desolation It
self for the branches are thin and weedy
looking, and through the foliage the
Btony ground shows its dismal gray. The
railway goes rattling on till the outskirts
of Jaffa and the regions of the pious
Germans are left behind, and then there
is nothing but the blazing blue sky over
head and the gray wilderness all around,
till brown, bars mountains shut In the
dreary landscape. ■
Not a sign of life for miles, not a house
nor a plow nor a patch of cultivated
ground; nothing but sand and stones and
lime dust. Here and there comes a little
agricultural patch, which better even
than the desert proclaims th» poverty and
nakedness of the land, for the Syrian
peasants who cultivate It show by th»ir
rags and their wretchedness how poor
Is the reward of their patient toil. Then
the desolate plain is left behind, and the
railway begins to climb among the still
more desolate mountains of Judea.
The orthodox endeavors to comfort hi!
belief by attributing all ihis appalling
barrenness to the Turk.
"These valleys," he says, "once stood
so thick with corn that they laughed and
sang. The hills that are now great bare
rocks were once densely wooded But the
paralyzing Turk laid his hand on tho
land, laid Impossible burdens on Industry,
put Impossible taxes on olive trees, and
see the result. The land went out of
cultivation, the forests were destroyed,
the olive trees were cut down for fire
wood, with the natural and Inevitable re
sult that the rainfall dwindled and
dwindled till it almost disappeared, so
that the fruitful soil became sterile, or
was buried under crumbling rocks. Ir has
been going on thus for centuries. It is
the paralyzing hand of the Moslem."
That may be wholly or partly true, but
It requires a very strong faith to believe
it. It is quite Impossible, unless you want
very badly to believe otherwise, to reject
the uncompromising story of those bare
rocks, or to think that anything ever
grew here from the beginning of geo
loiflca, t!ma Nor has the landscape any
of trr.pres3ire:-ies3,the grandeur of mighty
masses or Infinite distances. Except for
the beauty of the clear light and the blue
sky, there Is nothing but a dreary, de
pressing monotony of ugliness.
At last, as the train goes picking Its
way among bowlders, climbing all the
time, you turn a corner and come, by the
side of another narrow, stony valley,
which only differs from a hundred others
in the respect that dotted about It are
little detached houses of European fash
ion standing amid patches of cultivation.
You have come to another German colo
ny. the one on the outskirts of Jerusalem.
There is a road which has been made by
the simple plan of clearing a narrow
track of some of the loose stones and
piling them In a rUigre on either side.
There are even fields— little fields wh!ch
are marked by hl.arh walls of piled stcr.?s.
removed from the surface. But the very
large stones, granite rocks too heavy for
removal, romaln standing amid the clear
ings llkp Caledonian rubbing stones. And
the small stones remain, too. for the
simple reason that they and the powdered
dust among which they lie are the fruit
ful soil— nil that there Is of It.
Then another sweep around a gray hill
side, anil a brown n:a.=s on the top of a
brown hill, dominated by a heavy looking
tower, comes Into view, and you your
blood throbbing, you do not quite know
why. That la your flrst view of Jerusa
lem. The other bare hill, with the whit©
building on the top, is the Mount of
Olives.
You cannot help being dlsnp-.vVr.ted. The
distant view reveals no shining points of
ffold, no clothing verdure, no graceful,
luxuriant palms. The Impressi^n'of peace
and rest, of halm for trouble,; feelings,
of holy calm of which you have In some
ab«urct way been expecting to cor.c with
the first glimpse of the hoU- city, are
strangely absent. At a distance Jerusa-
lem looks simply commonplace. It will
be better perhaps at closer view.
The train rumbles on into a dirty, mean
little station, where a fat Turktrh s'a
tion master In uniform and n crowd of
Ehouting, wrangling Arab porters in rnq-s
and dirt occupy tho platform. You de
scend and climb into n rickety, broken
carriage, whoso pitiful decrepitude you
feel almost ashamed to Impose upon, and
look around for the Jerusa. cm of your
dreams. You find yourself in a desolation
of limestone dust.' The city stands upon
a hill opposite to that upon which the
railway ends, ami the road from the sta
tion winds down a steep road into the
valley between and then dines up the
opposite slope. The only Impression you
have Is dust. There Is nothing to l>i seen
pr felt or perceived but dust Clouds (>t
dust arise from benenth the rickety, rum
bling carriage. Tho thin, stunted trees,
holding on to the ledges of rock by the
roadside are white with dust. The rag
ged, frowsy betrgnrs who line the mad
sit In dust and nre covered with dust.
And through the dust you see dimly on
the right a bare, rocky hill, with, at lha
top, a high battlemer.ted wall, tei minut
ing at the point of the mountain a heavy.
Bomber stone fortress—the Tower of Da
vid. At the top of the hill there is a
gate In the wall, an arched tunnel, with
a right-angled bend in It like a gas pipe
joint.
This Is the Jaffa gate. Bur, fortunately,
the rich rr.en no lontrer need pass I
thisneedle's eye, for by the s!<le ofthegnte
the section of the wall which stretched
from the gate house to tho towe»- has
been removed and a decent roadway
made. In here you drive nn.l find your
self In a fairly open little street. In which
the chief business of Jerusalem Is carried
on. And in tho street are donkeys, boys,
priests— mostly Greek and Armenian,
Bllmy-looklnsr rosiies— Turkish soldiers,
teg-gars native* In bright costume*, shop
keepers' touts. Importunate with their:
"You com-. 1 my shop, sare, ' floating, chok
ing dust an.l a bliiuling sunshine — and
that Is Jerusalem as far as you htivo got
—London Mail.
So Si>Jo.e of Variety.
"Do you propose to make these vaude
ville performers work seven days a week
hereafter?" asked the man who looks
world- weary.
"Certainly," answered the manager.
"And not leave them even one day In
which to rest or think up now material?"
"Can't spare the time. '
"Well, all 1 ask Is that you don't hava
the effrontery to call It a variety show.
I've been seeing them for yea;s, and 'va
riety shew' doesn't apply. They're mo
hotony shows."— Washington Star.
AH In the Family. .
"Birds of a feather flock together,"
It cannot be denied;
And wheels whose name-pin tes are alike,
Look better side by side.
— L. A, W. Bulletin.