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Helping the Boy Succeed. EDUCATING THE BOY The Great Army of Laborers — The Skilled Mechanic —The Foreman and Sperintendent. BY NATHANIEL C. FOWLER JFL Author of "The Boy—How to Help Him Succeed," and other books. ARTICLE NO. 14. Copyright, 1903, by Nath'l C. Fowler Jr. It is impossible to classify or to group under any small number of heads the almost Innumerable grades and kinds of what may be broadly known as wage-earners and hand workers. For some never explained reason the clerk, the bookkeeper and the sales man are said to receive a salary, while the hand-worker or laborer is paid in the form of wages; and these two terms — salary and wages— to some extent peem to socially separate our workers Into two or more distinct grades, not withstanding that many of the so called wage-earners are mentally su perior to some of the salary-receivers. Under the - specific classification of hand-worker may be included those who use their hands much more than their brains, and whose work Is to a large extent mechanical and routine. Of course, the brain always accompa nies every act, and there is no such thing: as absolutely mechanical work, but for the sake of convenience, hand workers may be separated from brain workers, or from those whose brains play a more Important part than they do with the street laborer, the digger and the lower kinds of worker. The dentist, for Instance, works with his hands, but he Is not classed as a hand, "worker, nor is the artist or the pen man, or many others whose work is hand-brain-work, the hand being mere ly the direct instrument of the mind. The hand-workers, as a class, are de pendent upon their wages. They work for somebody. Their time is not their own, and almost always their labor is eonflned to some one kind or grade of work. Hand-working by many is call ed a trade. For instance, the boy who enters the machine shop Is said to be learning a trade. A trade is, perhaps, the surest and most permanent means of livelihood, farming excepted. The boy or man with a good trade carries his capital with him, and if honest, faithful and reasonably skillful, he Is cure to be at work the greater part of the time. The hand-worker more than the business'or professional man approach es nearer the certainty of earning a _ livelihood. His income is small and his losses are equally small. He has little chance of riches, only a fair chance of a competency, but he does have close to a present certainty. There are thousands of boys who enter business who are much better fitted for a trade and many a boy making only a fair success in business If he had chosen a trade would have become very successful through the Eklll of his hands. - The best hand-workers develops Into the management of hand workers, pro vided they combine with their skill the ' proficiency of discipline. The bright, capable machinist, with a fair education, seldom remains in the ranks of the hand-workers. He becomes a foreman or a superintend ent, and sometimes the manufacturer himself. The boy who has no-business or pro fessional capacity . stands a better chance for both present and future by entering into some trade which teaches his hand to do his hand's best, and if back of his hand is mental proficiency he will surely become skillful, the hand and the mind together working into higher accomplishment Hand workers receive as low as a few dollars a week," and comparatively few earn by their hands more than $4 a day. Probably the average hand worker, beyond the apprenticeship stage and not a common laborer, re ceives In the vicinity of $10 to $12 per week, and he cannot expect to earn more than twice that amount for the work of his hands, unless he brings his brain- actively into play. The skilled workman, who has trained himself into an expert, can expect an income as high as from $2,000 to $3,000 a year, although few of the most skillful handworkers who are unable to do anything beyond their handwork receive more than $4 a day. Unskilled labor does not receive on the average more than $1.50 a day, and so long as it remains unskilled it has no opportunity to rise. Foremen and superintendents receive anywhere THE VALUE OF CHARCOAL. Few People Know How Useful It Is In Preservtna Health and Beauty. Nearly everybody knows that charcoal In the safest and most efficient disinfect ant and purifier in nature, but few real lie its value when taken into the human system for the same cleansing purpose Charcoal Is a remedy that the more "you take of it the better; It Is not a drue all. but simply absorbs the gases and lm purities always present in the stomach and intestines, and carries them out of the system. "* °* Charcoal N sweetens the breath after smoking, drinking or after eating onions and other odorous vegetables. ] Charcoal effectually clears and improve* the complexion, it whitens the teeth and further acts as a natural and sminentlv safe cathartic. -"•menuy It absorbs the injurious gases which col lect m the stomach and bowels; It disin fects the stomach and bowels; It disin fects the mouth and throat from the nol Eon of catarrh. v All druggists sell charcoal in one form or another, but probably the best char- i coal and the most for the money i 3 in Stuart's Absorbent Lozenges; 'hey aw composed of the finest powdered Willow charcoal and other harmless antiseDties In tablet form or rather in the form S large, pleasant tasting lozenges, the char coal being mixed with honey. The daily use of these lozenges will soon tell in a much Improved condition of ihe general health, better complexion, sweet er breath and purer blood, and the bea'utv of it is that no possible harm can result from their continued use. but on the con trary, great benefit. A Buffalo physician, In speaking of tha benefits of charcoal, says: "I advise Stu art's Absorbent Lozenges to all patients Buffering from gas In stomach «md bow els, and to clear the complexion and puri fy the breath, mouth and throat; I also believe the liver is greatly benefited by the daily use of them; they cost but twen ty-five cents a box at drug stores, and al though in some sense a patent prepara tion, yet I believe I get more and better charcoal in Stuart's Absorbent Lozenges than In any of the ordinary charcoal tab ■•**■.■■; from $1,000 to $10,000 a year, compara tively few enjoying the latter figure. Many foremen earn as high as $2,000 a year, the average being about $1,200, and probably the average salary paid to a responsible superintendent is not far from $1,500. The competent superintendent is much better off, and is surer of his po sition than is almost any other receiver of salary or wages. He stands well so cially, is respected as a citizen, and really ranks higher than the average business man of the same inoome. The superintendent needs to have ability. He cannot hold his position unless he has it, A few may apparently occu py a high professional or business* po sition and be kept there by money, but the superintendent of workmen is of an acknowledged capacity. Many educatton authorities question the value of a classical college educa tion for one who proposes entering a mechanical trade, but education opin ion ia unanimously in favor of the technical school or the institute of technology, The bey who «nters a trade without it liberal technical edu cation is liable to stay close to the bot tom or to rl»e very slowly, but the well educated boy generally advanced rap idly. Of course, experience teaches, but experience is ofter too far in ad vance to teach the primaries. A few years given to hard technical study in a good institution of technology or other similar school will advance the boy further in the end than any amount of naked experience. Technical education without experi ence is worth nothing. Experience with out technical education is worth some thing. The combination of the two wins success. A thorough technical educa tion with experience never remains dor mant; it must rise, and generally rises rapidly. No boy Bhould enter a trade, unless poverty requires it. until he has receiv ed a good common school education, and if he can possibly afford it, ha. should attend some technical school and be thoroughly and scientifically trained for his work. The time spent in a technical school is not wasted; it pays; perhaps not the first year in ac tive work; but the well educated hand worker is sure to outstrip the untrained workman, and comparatively few well educated and well trained hand work ers remain in the rear ranks; most of them are promoted to command. Let us take two boys of equal ca pacity and of equal opportunity; one spends, say three years in the technical school, and the other enters the shop immediately after graduation from the common school. The latter boy has three years the trade start of the other. At the end of three years, the first boy, educated and trained for his work, en ters the same shop. In experience he is three years behind the second boy, and for one, two or three years the un educated boy may be his superior, but at the end of five years, the boy spe cially trained, with a solid, technical education back of him, will outstrip the untrained boy two to one, all things be ing equal. Education fits for experience. Expe rience seldom takes the place of educa tion, and when it does, it does it at a heavy expense to the individual. One's early years are by nature and by con venience his absorbent or educational period. In which it is both easy and natural for him to acquire the school side of knowledge, that knowledge which should always precede actual ex perience; and the few extra years o2 technical school training give a founda tion which actual work in a shop can not obtain. Experience needs education for its economical development. The Face and the Collar. Men who do not want to look any fatter in the face than they can help have an easy means of accomplishing their purpose. Not all of them are aware of the effect that may be created by the form of a collar or crjavat. "The stout man who wants to look as thin as he can," said the haber dasher's clerk, "ought to wear a tie of the kind known as a four-in-hand. Preferably it should be dark in color and drawn tight. That carries down the line of the face and lengthens it to a degree that tends to make the face look thinner. Another aid to making a man look thin Is In the height of his collar. Stout men who want to look thin shouuld wear high collars and closed ones. Any collar that opens in front makes one look stouter under nearly every circumstance. Such collars are becoming to the thin men. "The fat man should avoid the kind of tie that has a horizontal effect. This will add pounde to his appearance—in his face at least. On the contrary, this cross effect will make the thin man look stout. The broad plastron scarfs, as they are called, have little effect on a man's looks one way or the other When he wears them it is the collar that makes the difference. He should therefore, see that he wears a high one tha* does not open if he wants to look as thin as possible, whereas if he wants to seem stouter an open collar will produce that effect.—Plttsburg Ga zette. She Didn't Recognize Him. A parson who occasionally preaches In South London, arrived to take the place of the vicar who had been called away on account of some family be reavement, and found an old and rath er asthmatic lady struggling up the steps which led to the front door. He courteously gave her his arm to assist her, and when they reached the top the dame asked him if he knew who was going: to preach. "Mr. So-and- So," replied the parson, giving his own name. "Oh, dear me," exclaimed the old lady, "help me down again If you please! I'd rather listen to the groan ing and creaking of a windmill than sit under him," and she prepared to de scend. The parsQn gently assisted her down stairs, and sighfully remarked as he bade her good-bye, "I wouldn't go in either if I weren't the preacher " Got the Message Mixed. A favorite story of the late John W. Henry, at one time chief justice of the supreme court of Missouri, related to his former law partner, J. B. Hovey, of Independence, Mo. During Mr. Henry's absence from home Mr. Hovey called, and to the servant, a rather dense old negrro, who had be?n in the family for years. Mr Hovey said: "Please say to your master that Mr. J. B. Hovey, attorney at law, called to see him." The servant received the message and apparently made clear mental note of It. When his master returned, the servant informed him that a visitor had caled during his absence. "Who was it." he was asked. The old man shook his head. '"Fore God Massa Henry," he said, solemnly, "The gemmen say he wuz Great Big Jehovah, Eternal God!" SECRETARY BROWN SAW PAYMENTS PAID AMES Continued From First Page. Gardner some time during the fall of 1901?" "Yes." "When?" "Just as he was going into the News Letter office." "What was the date?" "Late in summer or early in the fall of 1901." "What was said between you and him?" "Gardner? I forgot if he came in with me. Dr. Ames told me it was all THE ST. PAUL GLOBS, SUNDAY. MAY 3, 1909. right tp work under Gardner's Instruc tions, tie said it was all right; that Gardner was working under his in structions." "Did you talk with Dr. Ames as to what women he had referred to?" "He said to take his orders about the loose women of the town."' "What did you do?" "I followed Gardner's instructions.** Norbeck told of meeting Gardner and other police officers, in citizens'clothes, In Ames medical office. There were probably five or six meetings. He heard Gardner - give Instructions and saw Gardner pay Dr. Ames money sev eral times. Gardner had instructed that the numbers of places be given to the officers for the officers to go And make cases against the keepers. "I had orders for places to "pull* and places not to 'pull.' " "At any of these houses did you have conversations with any of these wom en in pursuance to orders from Gard ner?" "Yes, sir." "What instructions did you get in this way to tell women?" "It was to call at Ames' medical of fice and have a talk with Gardner about paying so much a month for protection." "Did you tell them that?" "Yes." "Can you tell at this time who you visited, names and places?" "Yes." "Name them." Norbeck then mentioned several in cluded in the list Gardner furnished during his testimony Friday. He then testified to getting $50 from Gardner with which to pay the Miller woman's fine. "What did you do with the money?" "I gave it to Anderson, the saloon keeper, under where she lived, and told him to give it to her." "Do you know that she got it?" "I have her word for it." He had seen several of these women pay Gardner money in the mayor's of fice for protection. Mr. Erwin, in ' cross-examination, asked how much of a term in Still water he had left, to which he replied two and one-half years; he was cap tain in the police department at the time of his talk with Gardner in the News Letter office; the mayor told him to follow Gardner's orders; the doctor was sober. Norbeck said that he had received no promises from anyone for his tes timony and did not expect any. He has made no application for pardon and had none in contemplation. He had no conversation with the city at torney relative to the case previous to being brought from Stillwateir. He had had no talk with Gardner or Brown relative to the case. "In Fred Ames' case, did you not testify differently from what you have today?" "No." Kfumwelde Obeyed Orders. Former Police Capt. Henry Krumwetde, who was dismissed by Acting Mayor Jones, was the next witness. Examined by the state's attorney, he said- that he was a police officer during the Ames administration. He left the service Aug. 8, 1902. He caused the arrest of the Harris woman; didn't know whether It was in 1901 or 1902. "I went to the mayor and said there was some 'kick' about the place I had 'pulled.' He wanted to know wjio I had orders from to 'pull' the place. I said I had orders to 'pull' places and this was one of them. I don't remember if there was much said. Capt. Hill was 'kick- Ing' and I wanted to know who was giv ing me orders." "What was said In reference to not pulling the place "He never said anything about it. I told him there was kicking.' The mayor said, 'You are to be governed by Capt. Hill and the chief.' I said. 'If Ido some thing Hill tells me to do the chief jumps - 7 PROF. U F. SNHTH, Of Entertainment Committee. HARRY MUNROE, State Consul and Candidate for Head Director. on me, and if the chief tells me to do anything, Hill jumps on me.' " Cross-examined by Mr. Krwin: "Has it not been the policy of other administrations that when street walkers became numerous to check them?" An objection was sustained. "Did you have orders from this admin istration to see that they did not go too far outside the regular districts?" "Yes." "Was it in accordance to those orders that you arrested this woman?" "Yes." "You went to the mayor about it when you heard there was 'kicking?' " "Yes." "And the mayor told you he would stand by you if you were obeying orders of the chief?" "Yes." "Has it not been the policy of other ad- THIS ELEGANT WATCH $3.75. __,'^^ • Before you buy a watch cut this ca** ifffn^i out and send to us with your gojts • name and address, and we will ■ fl lg* ■?!?— Mnc* you by express for ex tf.Z^^^Mfcry. aminatior. a handsome WATCH *jmmMmm. AND CHAIN c. O. D. $3.75. /&!sfi?\t^3Mi«& Double hunting care beautifully Kmj^Kß engraved, stem wind and stem Ptt^/^^PI Bet> fltted with r|i;n! fueled f3RmUB\3§%Z%3J movement, and guaranteed a «B||g|s9!jfeg*¥ correct timekeeper; with lone SSagßs&Stsr Gold plated chain for Ladies or **Bfffi{My vest chain for Cents. If you consider it equal to any $35 COLD FILLED WATCH. Warranted 20 YEARS. pay the express agent $3.75 and ex, digs., and It isyaura. ' Our ; 20-year guarantee sent with each watch. Mention if you want Gents' or Ladles' size. Address THE DIAMOND JEWELRY CO.. Dopt S. 35, 225 Dearborn street, Chicago. 111. _ --■ ■ C* : B •■■ pSs^|S^lvßY Sole Agents for Johnston & Murphy Shoes; H. W. FAGLEY .j |r T^ 1^""" . __. . r - / rir -■- VICE PRES> AND TREAS% TwiT IZJROM fifteen to thirty-five dollars will .^jmJL ■', buy a Rogers-Peet or Stem-Block; .■■l' 1 Suit or Overcoat, tailored by hand from 'wBKM'"-'' the 'finest and; most stylish fabrics pro «J :,. duced by American and foreign, mills. r^MH""" No other ready-to-put-on Clothing; in I|H ■■■;; the world equals in smartness the cre m|w ■■.■■■". ations of these two famous wholesale hflf tailoring houses. (K. 1 The Best $10 Suit or Overcoat in Town What C^r Furnishing I Boys' and Children's Goods Buyer Says: Clothing and Furnishings :., Our Furnishings buyer says that there are few stores ; The same careful attention to details of quality and even in New York that can show as complete a line of fine f »ilni-inr» in «... ;,n,.!i. i ..u- ■ , exclusive noveltifen haberdashery as can be seen at ba* c ° "g T in our juvenile dothl. l« as in our men a. exclusive novelties in Haberdashery as can be seen at ' the Boston. He also *ays that prices here are 25 to 50 Stylish Long-Pant Suits, $5.00 to 18.00. per cent less than is asked for the same article in New Dependable Short- Pant Suits $3.00 to $10.00. York city ;. >o. J Eatonorfolk Suits for little ones, New Fancy ihllngs,: Nove.ties in Hose. Full line of Wash Suits. chi.dren. New Fancy Shirtings, Novelties in Hose, Straw Hats for misses and chi]dren • ;, ;^mart Neckwear, Stylish Montague Hats. Underwear Built on Correct Principles,, N"w patterns in Negligee Shirts. Everything the Man Who Knows Will Appreciate. Mother s Friend Wash Blouses, military collars. 50c, The Great ■:l 'Hh^(Jni/'t/i///TTi SiXtH a°d Home Store J m^^/%^/~~^ 7 Robert Streets. OFFICERS AND COMMITTEE OF fIODERN WOODMEN. ■:\:- :r - i'\ ■■ ■■■ ■: ■■-■ .':.>£■'■■■ -::'^-J.;x-v--; i"- Vl.- JAMtfS MORROW, Of Entertainment Committee. Minnesota jurisdiction cg^fhe Modern "Woodmen of America, wilfiiold its bi ennial state convention at?Minnehaha hall, in this city, beginning next Wednesday morning at 10 o'clock. The purpose of this <xwrvention is to elect thirty-six delegates from this state to the national convention, to be held at Indianapolis, in June, and great interest is felt in the selection of these delegates this year from the fact that at the coming national convention the question of the "step rate" plan of in- ministrations to 'pull' these women and then let them go bacß again?" Objection to this was sustained. The state objected to any testimony that might reflect on former administrations. Sinclair Tells of Hla Work. Capt. George Sinclair, of ttie; Third Pre cinct station, was called. Hfe served under the Ames administration. He testified that he had had orders from headquarters to go out and make cases againpt^ the women of the street. •" He said the officers appeared in citi zens' clothes and received ~j»oney from Gardner for expenses. " If Mr. Erwin: "Whom did youfjEet the or der at headquarters from?" "Superintendent of police." W "The order was to ascertaingWhat?" "To make cases against lajjje women." "That's a usual order witf municipal administrations?" w .;,§, "I have had such orders hefore." This question and answer were re turned stricken out. and nothing relative to other administrations was allowed. Patrolman John Knight # *•& the con trol precinct, was next called. He testified to being one of tha officers who was or dered to meet Gardner at Difc^mes' med ical office. He appeared fn ' citizen's clothes. They were to pick, up women in the wine rooms and on the street. "We were to make a date with them, so we could get a case against them —re- port back to Gardner," he said. "Did you carry out Gardner's orders?" "I only got one—she was arrested all right." He was given expense money by Gard ner at three different times. He had arrested a woman on Wash ington avenue south, also another woman In the place. Examined by Mr. Erwin, he said he did not know of any ordera to get money. He '■■ rt ..- .: -, . • .- -./•.■/ .-■:-■..■ ••-.- ■■:■ ■.. - - J. WATSON SMITH, Of Entertainment Committee. surance will be decided. Under the "step-rate" plan, so-called, the premi ums on life insurance in the order would be increased to the age of the insured and in this state there is a strong opposition to this plan. It is therefore expected, that Minnesota will send a delegation that will work for the defeat of the "step-rate" system, and will use its influence toward the election of national officers who are opposed to it. Among those who seek the support of the Minnesota convention in their can didacy for national office by reason of went out and got testimony and had the woman arrested on a warrant the follow ing day. "You were not ordered to let anyone go?" "No." Knight, examined by Mr. Boardman. said that only places ordered had been "pulled." Ed Hall, patrolman during the Ames administration, told the same story rela tive to the order from Gardner. Mounted Patrolman Frank Ferm. of the fourth precinct, had received the same order. His testimony was the same as the others. Thomas R. Brown recalled. The paper referred to in this morning's testimony, found in the mayor's desk, was produced. "Did you put this paper in there?" "No." List of Places Submitted. Mr. Boardman now offeerd the paper In evidence. He said the list was prac tically the same as that given by Gard ner Friday. Gardner took the stand and was shown the paper. He said he thought it was the list from which he had made his copy. The paper was accepted in evidence after objections on the part of the de fense had been overruled. Mr. Brown returned to the stand and was cross-examined by Mr. Erwin. This examination only showed that the mayor's desk might have been °Pen when Mr. Brown was out of the office. Mr. Erwin brought out that the list was dated 1900, the year before Ames went into office. It was evidently a case of misdating, as It was on one of the A-mes letter heads. At this point an adjournment waa taken until 10 o'clock tomorrow morn ing. .- ,v. J^'-'-''-M^ l.!-l^ llJll^^.JMJii-i^--i'--aLK. twsaL!a AL. FLOURNOY, Of Entertainment Committee. .__^ —Photo by Collins. their opposition to the step-rate sys tem of insurance are H. A. Munroe, of St. Paul, now state consul, and an as pirant for the office of head director* now held by Benjamin D. Smith, of Mankato; Dr. Thomas Lowe, of Slay ton, who wishes to be re-elected head physician, and C. L. Swenson, of Al bert Lea, who Is a candidate for the office of head banker. The state convention will consist of 120 delegates, representing 735 camps, with a total membership of 52,000. H. A. Munroe, as state consul, will preside at the convention. i The Old Fogy Doctor 1 HH - fTAMILY Doctors are all right as general practitioners, r.'J t*cti ■SB but thai are not Specialists. We nave made a specialty R3l E£a cUf of diseases for over thirty years. We hare invested thon- r^| gSsS -."/pgir sands of dollars and have every facility known to medioal f-Z'-M m"/-.' 3 a~*- science to cure them. I 1 KjJy AA - /v\T llf Wa make the celebrated Rea Bros. Cascarin treatment Fn. •sHr* *Jkr\ L. \Hp' that cures biliousness, constipation, dyspepsia and the I fl; I Wl WHviWa r? many ills dependent on a weak and inactive digestive HZI« Kil >a^JHKI«BaAI system. We make Rea Bros. Inhalent Catarrhal Jelly fill K"J| 'fMffiHßv whichcnrescatarrh, catarrhal deafness and oatarrhal dis- I- I I ' Vlflv eases. We make Eea Bros. Kidney and Bladder Curs; cures ! ] fo^ 1 mS^m backache, scanty, scalding, high-colored urine, intamma- SB A, ffiikaM tion of the bladder and all kidney troubles. We make I SB' F^ MttLSßmm Epiderma Salve, which cores after all others have failed. !la KM mm BL'jBB One box onree salt rheum and eczema in any form. We Kga wSbkS make Syrup of Pineapple Expectorant which cures conghs, fErn Egg -^HfiPlM colds, bronchitis and early consumption. W« make Baa \ ■ Hi •' V hIBJHI Bros- Electrio Liniment, a most powerful penetrating linl- |W \ Kg W|V ment. It is the (treat reliever of pain. These remedies at |£rf mft I? ■ I druggists.prioe socents. We make tfis famous Red Cross Kg .- T M S Pile and Fistula Cure, euros by absorption piles, fistula - HH: tiM LI Vf and diaeascs of the rectum. One month's treatment one |P| JBfm AElsaSB Jmb dollar, at druggists or sample sent free by mail. Our Las- |?.i*| ■ >:.■■:- W >•• . . cola Blood and Rheumatic Cure, the best remedy that \MI MM .. . — : science has been able to pot forth. Gives quick relief and ! egg few ■ , cares permanently, rheumatism, neuralgia, ssiatica. gout, Lgj HH ' nervousness. all blood and rheumatic troubles. Sold by druggists or if yon will send t«| HH 40 cents in stamps to pay express charges we will send you one month's treatment Ha- IB free. If it cores you pay $1.60. If not you pay nothing. We make Diamond Foot | j .■'■■■ Best for corns, bunions and sore sweaty feet. We make special remedies for special |-; I Ww diseases. Write us for question blank and information for private home treatment free, t• f. v Prse REA BROS & CO,, Minneapolis, Minn. If iM Sold t>y all Leading Druggists. [^m . Y^sJHJ(j|(J(HBBOBHB>iWBMB^^BB>^MraB^IWBiB^^HBWM^ _ __. •Jt ''■'■'■ ;J§'^&' J@^^^ C :3f-' I ■ •- ■ '■-:-: A. H. HOOPER, Chairman of Reception Committee. DR. ETHELBERT GEER, Master of Ceremonies. 5