The Irish standard. [volume], July 10, 1909, Image 1

About The Irish standard. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn. ;) 1886-1920

Image provided by: Minnesota Historical Society; Saint Paul, MN

                
•W
VOt. XXIV., N0.186
At the funeral obsequies of the late
Bishop Joseph B. Cotter in the St.
Thomas pro-Cathedral at Winona,
Minn., on Wednesday, June 30, the fol
lowing eloquent and touching eulogy
on the deceased prelate was bestowed
by his life-long friend. Most Rev. John
Ireland, the Archbishop of St. Paul:
And so, dear friend, we must bid
you farewell. We are powerless to re
tain you. All that warm hearts could
wiBh to have done, all that skillful
hands could do, was bidden forward
to arrest the march of the dreaded
enemy, to ward from your cherished
brow the stroke of the uplifted sword.
Alas! nought availed. O death, the
relentless foe of human loves and
human hopes, terrible thou art in thy
covetlngs, conquerless thou art in thy
mighty warfare. None are found, who
can resist none who may escape the
jmJffity. warfare. The victims of
death—they are whomsoever death or
ders to fall—the old or the young*—the
weak or the strong, the servant or Iho
master. The victims of death—thoy
are the children of Adam, whoever they
hi, Whatever their prowess, whatever
the deeds they are accomplishing, the
praises they are winning from their
fellows. "It is appointed unto men once
to die." And when and where men
must not divine. Theirs to halt and
fall when the summoning trumpet
sounds, and the monster leaps into the
fray.
And so, dear Bishop Cotter, your
turn came, and you lie before us silent
and motionless,. soon to -be snatched
from our view and hidden from us in
the darkness of the grave. Not long
ago you were buoyant of health and
strength it was thought that as the
bishops of your ecclesiastical province
in reaching out for its chosen prey.
Yes, you have been smitten by the fell
sword, and all- is over farewell, dear
friend, farewell!
Is this all there is of man—to be
born, to labor and to struggle during
a few fleeting years, and, then, to be
hastened into {he grave? If so, van
ity of vanities it is and what reason
is there that we set value upon it, that
we prize its opportunities, and strive
for its gifts? O, vanity of vanities,
truly, if there is no rebound from the
victory of death, if no light shines
beyond the darkness of the grave, if
no meaning there is to life save that
which earth bestows, save that which
earth controls and measures! To the
rescue, all-wise, all-potent Creator to
Whose love we cling while we suffer
and sorrow, in Whose mightiness we
trust amid death's triumphant revel
lings. To the rescue, our risen Sav
iour, over Whose tomb was sung the
exultant challenge—'-O death, where
now is thy sting, where now is thy vic
tory?" To the rescue, our christian
faith, whose teachings, beauteous and
uplifting as -the vision of the Heavens
which they open to the abul. unravel
*he great enigma and melts into
brightest sunshine the gloom of human
life, aye. and the gloom of the grave,
death's last wild repair, whence it
madly shrieks its. •victim shall never
A FINE EULOGY ON BISHOP COTTER
An Eloquent and Touching Tribute to t)ie Memory of
the Late Prelate of Winona by the Archbishop
of St. Paul.
REVIEW OF HIS NOBLE LIFE AND ACHIEVEMENTS
Today the Diocese of Winona Stands Forth as One of the
Prosperous and Flourishing Dioceses
of America.
you would still stand erect even when edge of the manner of life of our de
parted friend which is ours from' daily
observation of words and acts, we bid
him go forth to the throne of judg
ment to hear the divine salute—"Well
done, good and faithful servant enter
now into the joy of the Lord."
all others had fallen but you have
been taken from the ranks, while oth
ers, less valiant, more laden with years,
remain among the living—so vain are
our guessings as to. life's closing days.
Work there was before you well you
were doing it it demanded your pres
ence it needed, we believed, your tire
less heart and steadied hand but you
were wrested from- it mercilessly and brightest of rivulets, moving ever
forever—so regardless ia death of. with utter singleness of purpose, re
human conditions and human plan-1 joicing ever in the effusion of sweet
nings, so reckless and desperate is it est love, in the outpouring of others'
)r
(w
hope for redemption.
What is man, what is the purpose
of his passage across the earth? Re
ligion gives the reply, repeating in its
message the revelation of eternal
truth and simultaneously giving voice
to nature's deepest instincts, to reason's
loudest clamoringe. Man is a being of
body and of soul, the body emerging
from the dust of the earth, and unto
dust returning, the soul, a spirit of the
immediate breathing of the Almighty
author of all things, fashioned to His
own image and likeness, made to be
immortal once created destined never
to die. The stay of man upon earth Is
the preparation for Eternity, the battle
against evil being waged under the
eye of the Omniscient, with help from
His Omnipotent love, the measure of
merit being that ,of the performance
of duty, as prffjbribed by the! Supreme
Master, the as
the sour freed from the sebackles of
mortality sees face ~£o face the great
Judge, from whom issues the sentence
of love if its inspirations have been lis
tened to on the field of combat, or
that of justice if those inspirations
have been spurned and the arms of
righteousness forsaken by the combat
ant. Has man lived, as God willed—
there the value of life there its pur
pose thence its ending in bliss" for all
eternity in the presence of the Al
mighty God Himself.
Must we mourn without consolation
as we bid farewell to
Bishop Cotter?
As the mortal man. he has paid the
penalty of his mortality: as the im
mortal man, he has g6ne to the Eter-
would, one by one,, be stricken down, thy promises beget, with the knowl-i The good priest makes the good bishop,
A beautiful life was that of Bishop
Cotter—pure of stain as the newly fal
len snow, limpid in its coursings as
love in return for his own, freighted
every day with deeds of righteousness
and of charity, the more resplendent
of inner devotion to duty, the richer in
services to religion and to humanity,
as years deepened his powers of in
fluence, and growth of opportunity
opened wider range to the spread of his
fragrant activity.
He was the kindliest of men-r^-ever
in this regard the self-same, wliether
as the young man struggling with' the
vicissitudes of the1' world, whether as
the. priest working in a parish, or the
bishop ruling over a diocese. He t»-on
all hearts by. the sweetness of his love
his will and purport of action was ever
to please, to serve. He passed by do
ing .good. No enemies had he: none
could have been so vile as to hate on*
so incapable of hatred, to revile one
so incapable of doing injury, so in
tent on efforts to avoid giving displeas
ure.
He was most, resolute in the accom
plishment of duty, most self-sacrificing
in the obedience to it. Need recall
the earlier years of his priesthood in
Winona, when the flock he tended was
poor of the- poverty of pioneer settlers,'
when the territory committed to his
pastoral care was vast in extent, al-
ter, amid the sombre shades of night?
I remember one Sunday evening in Wi
nona. 'He had said mass and preach
ed in the parish church he had.driv
en to say a second mass twenty miles
away he returned drenched from the
heavy rain, and within a few moments
after a hurried change of raiment and
a hurried snatching of a slender meal,
he was in his chair for two hours
presiding over a temperance society.
And such for him, I learned, was one
Sunday after another for many long
years. Need I ask whether as bishop
he refused himself to priest or people,
were, they removed from his home by
hundreds of miles.
most inaccessible' in the rudeness of Its social betterment of all 'and of 'every
roadways?- Did he-ever Complain? Did class of his fellow-men.- He was ever
he ever hesitate to rush whithersoever the- enlightened and progressive citi-
His, a keen divining of what was
to be done, an intelligent grasp of cir
cumstances, the tact to do well what
ever came to his mind. Tears ago
priests were few. and immediately aft
er his ordination Father Cotter was
put in charge of the parish of Winona
and the adjoining missionary stations.
No mistake made he no reproaches
ever came from his superior. I recall
the saying of the lamented Bishop
Grace that the parish of Winona under
the pastorship of Father Cotter was a
surprise and a delight—so well were
all things done.
our beloved nesota, there was no hesitation as to
who should lay its foundation and rear
its walls into the noble structure that
was to be the pride of religion in the
valley of the Mississippi. The pastor'
nal God. whom he served, as best hejof the parish of St. Thomas, who had
might, while pilgrimaging upon earth.' proven himself to be the best of priests
O eternal Judge, with the hope which was at once designated for the task,
he was needed, amid the frosts of-win-i zen, ever the loyal*bn of America, ever
the devoted helperbf every good cause
in his communityi-' This the bidding of
true manhood,, as-.'it is the bidding of
true religion. iTixe- high esteem in
which the people^ of Winona held
As a bishop will he be chiefly known
in the annals of the future. When In
1889 the resolution was to be taken to
erect a. new diocese 'in Southern Min-
whose office is but the enlargement of
number of priests, the number of
churches have more than doubled. And
the priests, guided and stimulated by
the example and the work of their
bishop, are men whose praises are on
the lips of the people. The' churches,
planned as they largely were'by Bishop
Cotter, are examplars of architectural
art. The faithful laity gladly yielded
to impulses coming from bishop and
from priests—and, today, as Bishop
Cotter's episcopal work closes its
records, the Diocese of Winona stands
forth as one of the prosperous, flourish
ing dioceses of America, in the growth
and development of which the Catho
lic church reposes its most earnest
hopes,' and which she extols before the
world, as the tokens that the divine
vitality infused into her nineteen cen
turies ago still course through her
veins, that she is still, as of old, thus
mother of a glorious race of Apostles,
still today the mother of christian men
arid womeh whose'" professions and
manner of life teil the divine source
whence flow across their souls the
graces of spiritual edification!
His own flock was, of course, the
chief care of Bishop Cotter. But so
generous/ so large-minded was he that
beyond the "confines of his flock his
mind travelled in search of other fields!
wherein to labor, of other opportuni
ties to do good to fellow-man. A child
of 'broaid humanity, nothing of avail to
humanity' was strange to him—and
among the foremost he gladly placed
"himself in the combat for civic right
eousness.- for charitable- work,' for the
MINNEAPOLIS. MINN. SATURDAY. JULY 10, 1909
And zealous was he. The mere in the faith and this love of the Saviour
routine of pastoral work was never his]—the. peace and the joyousness of
rule. He sought out occasions of work Heaven.
and once discovered, quickly were they I Farewell, dear Bishop Cotter—We
put into profit. A special instance to sorrow that, we shall miss your be
be noted is his preaching of total ab
stinence, not only in his own diocese,
but throughout the whole United
States. In his parish of Winona while
he was yet a priest, the cause of total
abstinence flourished as in no othe
parish in Minnesota. At one time presi
dent of the American Total Abstinence
Union and general lecturer he preach
ed total abstinence in most of the
large cities of the country where his
name today is held in grateful rever
ence. In the .cause of christian educa
tion he was ever "tireless as- A priest
he brought to the' parish tit St Thomas
the Sisters of Notre Dame: as a bishop
he stimulated the building up of schools
in nearly all the districts of the diocese,
and under his guiding hand the Semin
ary of Winona for the education' of
young women and the convent and
Normal School of the Sisters' of St.1
Francis of Rochester ha:ve grown to
their present .magnificent proportion!*."'
the priesthood, a widening out upon-a] Quickly to us all. And what, imports
larger scale the work of his parish. I for us is that we so live as to die.
How true all this turned out to be in to the Lord, that we so plant In tears
the case of Bishop Cotter, the
Diocese
of Winona today stands witness. The' serve the Lord as to merit for ourselves
Bishop Cotter ts praise to themselves
that they discern, and admire a noble
character, as it«ds-praise, to him that
he merited well of-all who knew him,
of all who
knew"
his daily coming and
going, his daily -work inspired with
the best of motives, accomplished with
most exacting energy and alacrity.
And now the.'da-y is spent, the work
is done the record, book is closed the
Judge has calletli for the accounting.
Speak, beloved friend, to the great
Judge: "I havefOusiht the good fight,
1 have finished my. course. 1 have kept
the faith." Veriest truth wilt thou
speak, in rehearsing the words of the
grea.t Paul. AliS veriest, truth wilt
thou speak as thou farther sayeth: "As
to the rest thereris laid up for me a.
crown of justice- which the Lord the
just Judge will render to me."
"O death, where now Is thy sting,
where now is thy victory?" The fight
which death brirfifcs to what ip mortal
in us is quickly changed Hnto peace and
jo.yousness. as we recall what death
leads to in him who lived well his part
nignant. smile, your helping hand, your
holy and wise counsel along the weary
pathway over which we still must
joki'fney forward. 'we sorrow, in what
is our loss, even though we rejoice in
what is your gain with thy God.
Yes, priest, and a noble bishop. Not.
always around the bier of death is grief
so intense, so universal as It is today:
not always
Ib
the dead 'so worthy of
grief as Bishop Cotteis lg of oift-s.
Dear Bishop 'Cotter. I must, in obe
dience to rriy h««it,^eak m^ person
al tj-.ibut*.'t^'yWii ^orllpi^-etihtyeBTr
you were rrty friend and I- was ydurs.
I knew you and 1 lovefl j'ou when you
were still a. youth in the world 1 was
one Of those who thought you worthy
of the holy priesthood, who bade you
betalte yourself to the school of sacred
learning I labored with you side by
side1 In the days of your, priesthood
I chose you for presentation to the
CATHOLIC PRIESTS
A Splendid Tribute "£o Them From a
Protest/it.
In the introduction to his Com
mencement address delivered at the
University of Notre Dame this year|
ly noteworthy because Mr. Taylor
i» not a Catholic and his utterance!
lecturer and an author of merit. He
ly recognized by the Universities of
Oxford, Edinburg and Paris.
ty, the Rev. Dr. Cavanaugh, had said
HWy See as first bishop of Winona, I plane presented by Randolph of Vir
liave labored side by
Hide
there between us a word of discord,
never was. I abl» to discover in you a
cause of reproach. My deepest friend
ship -was ever yours, and yours was
ever mine. Life-long friends are few
and precious. In your departure I lose
a most loyal ally, a most devoted
friend. My heart shrinks in anguish
as you go from ine the remainder of
my journey through life will be lonely
because you shall not be with me.
But, brethren, the end will come.
I what we reap in gladness, that we so
the tidings—Well done, good and faith
ful servant.
Brethren, our prayers are still ours
the departed
OIK-
may need the re­
freshing dew of divine mercy. Be
our -prayers offered to the throne of
grace for dear Bishop Cotter, today
and tomorrow. Kternal repose, O God,
grant to his soul may never-fading
light shine upon it—the light of Thy
divine countenance, the light of Thy
own divine love!
in presenting the speaker, that the!
late Father Stafford of Washington,
had often expressed to him He re
gret he felt that a scholar of such
distinction had not. addressed, the-stu
dents of Notre Dame. Mr.- Taylor
opened his address with the following,
high encomiums:
1
"Cold indeed would be my heart,
were it not touched, deeply touched,
by the very generous words of wel
come in which I have been presented
to you tonight by your esteemed
president. In one thing which he
has said, he has touched me in a
tender part he has pronounced the
brilliant and cherished name of one
of my dearest friends of whom I
have lately been deprived by the hand
of death.
"In the course of my life it has been
my rare privilege to have known well
three men of genius. The first was
the Reverend Abram Ryan, poet
priest of the South, whose master
hand swept along the. grandest chords
of the human heart. It was privi
lege, as' a young man, to publish his
poems in a. little book that has gone
forth like a ray of white light 'into
nearly every Catholic household In the
United States.
"The second man of genius that it
was my privilege to know was the
brilliant Spanish orator and states
man, Emilio Castelar, who during
my time in Madrid bore the same re
lation to the literature of Spain that
Victor Hugo in his best days bore tu
the literature of France.
the Honorable Hannls Taylor, form
er Minister to Spain and a Jurist of
international fame, paid high tribute constitution, when It was plain to my
to Cardinal Gibbons and two Ameri
can priests. The eulogy is especial-
.. be an American citizen, with a patrio
is valuable because ne is a scholarly.
I first knew Cardinal Gibbons hen
he was Vicar Apostolic of North Car
olina— not yet a full bishop. I have
studied the life of that, great man
and if anybody were to ask me to
say in a word what has been the tone
of that, character, what has been the
great basis of his power, I should say
that beneath the great Catholic prelate
has been the great patriot and Ameri
can citizen he has touched the hearts
of the American people, he has taught
you. his children, that there is a double
duty—io God and country. And he
has always linked one precept with
the other."
The address was a learned exposi
tion of the, real authorship of the
American -Constitution. After trac
ing the- historical evolution^ of federa
tion from its earliest beginning down
to the formation of the United
States of America, Mr. Taylor showed
that the. first attempt, at a. federal
agreement in our country was a. hope
lew failure, because it was based on
the dead constitution of states that,
were extinct- with no hope of resur
rection. He then declared that three
with you injRinia, Pine-kite .- of South Carolina
the days of your episcopate. Never was1 and' Alexander Hamilton In the Ked-
eral convention of 1787 we- lenti
cal, and though a radical departure
from any political system yet invent
ed, each showed clearly from its
structure, that It was derived from a
common source. In his ki-mr-!i for
the authorship of our constitution, Mr.
Taylor came upon the document which
he pronounces the greatest, political
document in t.he history of mankind
and which contains all that Is em
bodied in our Federal constitution.
This document, is the. product of one
intellect and Its unquestionable author
is Peletiah Webster, born at Lebanon,
Connecticut, in 1725. Under the, title
"A Dissertation on the Political Union
and Constitution of the Thirteen Unit
ed States of North America," he pre
sented for consideration of the dele
gates to the constitutional convention
the system of federation which has re
mained the government of the Unltel
States from the beginning. This
treatise has been printed by congress
for general distribution.
In concluding Mr. Taylor said: "Now
as a Southerner, devoted to his section,
proud of it, this struggle that I am
making, I am not ashamed to say, for
this old New England Yankee, cost
me a. mental struggle, of no small ac
count.. Down to the time that I found
this great document, and comprehend
dit, 1 had always thought that the
author—almost the exclusive pride of
the authorship of the Federal constitu
tion—belonged to my people. But as a
mind that, the pride of authorship be
longed to a son of New England, I said
t0
n^elf-Historical. truth can not be
sectiona,: and no man
tic heart in
has received degrees from six Amer-i withhold any meed of. praise, which Is
lean universities and has been official-1
After the president of the universi-'
the
cal\cIaim
to
1
him'
who
wo»ld
trv to
due to any citizen in. any part of the
Union'
,sh the
^ough the result may dimln-
P"*tige.of his own section of
Pe°P,e' The South must be con-
tent w,th the
fee,,n*
of John
natlon
that ln ,he
P6"0"
Marshall she has given to the
the great interpreter and ex
pounder of its constitution."
She—"Fred, do you believe that-the
pen is mightier than the sword?"
H#-—"Well, you never sew anybody
a cheque with a sword, did you?
Won Parliamentary Independence For Their Country
When J. Bull Took His Soldiers Away For the
American War.
EFFICACY OF PHYSICAL FORCE DEMONSTRATED
When the Colonial Revolution Was Over Cornwallis
Sent to Ireland to Reduce That Country
To a Province.
Every student of Irish history knows
how Grattnn obtained tile repeal ot
Poyning's law ami secured parliamen
tary independence for his country In
1782. When the British troops were
withdrawn from Ireland to go to Amer
ica during lhe Revolutionary war, the
Irish parliament raised an army of
80,000 men to defend the country from
foreign invasion. When fully armed
and equipped, Grattan demanded free
trade and parliamentary Independence
for Ireland, and England gracious!."
granted them! After the American war
was at an end, and the Irish Volunteers
had disbanded, England sent troops
into Ireland, goaded the people Into
the rebellion of 17RS, and then de
stroyed the Irish parliament two years
after by annexing it t.o that, of Great
Britain. By this Infamous Act of
Union Ireland ld£t. its, nationality and
was reduced to a British province.
Thomas Davis in 'his "Song of the
Volunteer of 1782" says:
When Grattan rose, none dared
oppose
The claim he made for free
dom
They knew our Swords, to back his
words,
Were ready did he need them.
Remember still, through good
and ill
How vain were prayers and
tears—
How vain were words, till flashed
the swords
Of the Irish Vounteers.
To Henry Grattan. the Irish patriot.
who took England at. disadvantage
and boldly demanded a free parliament
independent of British Interference, an
Englishman pays the following tribute:
"No government, ever dismayed him
the world could not bribe him h*
thought, only of Ireland lived for
110
other object dedicated to her his beau
tiful fancy, his manly courage and all
the splendor of his astonishing elo
quence."
When Pitt and Castlereagh, by brib
ery and corruption, were working for
the Union of Ireland with England,
Henry Grattan spoke against the in
famous measure as follows:
"The minister misrepresents the sen-|
tlments of the people,
i)8
consideration, they have pronounced |.UK)i
their judgment in favor of a Union. Of
this assertion not one syllable has any
existence in fact, or in the appearance
of fact. I appeal to the petitions of
her Parliament, Constitution, liberty,'
honor, property, are taken away by her
own authority—there is, In such arti
fice, an effrontery, a hardihood, an In
sensibility, that can best be answered
by sensations of astonishment and dis
gust.
"The Constitution may be for a time
ruptlon however irresistible, to put
down forever an an-.ient and respect
able Nation. Liberty may repair her
golden beams, and with redoubled heat
animate the country. The cry of loyal
ty will not long continue against the
principles of liberty. Loyalty Is a
noble, a judicious and a capacious prin
ciple but in-these countries loyalty.
MINNESOTA S
HISTORICAL
SOCIETY
$2.00 PER YEAR
the gCGptrfi or
he has be-1
fore traduced their reputation. He'
asserts that after a calm and mature
HlmK.PS? What
w|thered
{ant
own
twenty-one counties in evidence. To af-I America but. such a policy? An at
firm that the judgment of a Nation tempt to bind men by a Parliament,
against is for to assert that she has wherein they are not represented!!
said aye. when she. has pronounced no
all
to make the falsification of her sentl- continue to practice on the Catholics!
ments the, foundation of her ruin and Has your pity traversed leagues of sea
the ground of the Union to attlrm tljat t0
g|t
roa8t of
as
so lost. The character of the country countrymen." His name will be fond
cannot be so lost. The ministers of the iy remembered for ages to come
Crown will, or may. perhaps, at lengtii Henry Grattan was born in Dublin,
find that it is not so easy, by abilities Ireland, July 3, 1746: In ^767 he went
however great, and by power and cor- to London, entering as a student in the
iiJ
1, S
Was
distinct from liberty, is corruption, not
loyally. The cry of disaffection will
not, in the end. avail against the prin
ciple of liberty. 1 do not. give up the
country. 1 see her in a swoon, but
site is not dead. Though in her tomb
she. lies helpless and motionless, still
there is on her lips a. spirit, of life, and
on her cheek a. glow of beauty:— -j
Thou art not conquered beauty'3
ensign yet
Is crimson in thy lips anrl In thy
cheeks,
And Death's pale flag is not advanced
here.
"While ii plank of the vessel sticks
together, I will not leave her. Let ths
courtier present his flimsy sail, and
carry the light bark of his faith with
every new breadth of wind I will re
main anchored here, with fidelity to
the fortunes of my country, faithful.!
to her freedom, faithful to
In a speech delhered in the IriAh
House of Commons, on February 22,
179,'t, on a. bill for the further political
relief of the Catholics, Mr. Grattan
said:
"Von are struggling with difficulties,
you imagine you are mistaken—you
are struggling with impossibilities. In
making laws on the subject of religion,
legislators forget mankind, until their
own distraction admonishes them of
two truths—the one, that, there is a..
God the other, that there is a, people!
"Conquerors, or tyrants proceeding
from conquerors, have scarcely ever for:
any length of time governed by those,
partial disabilities: but a. people so to
govern itself, or rather, under the name:
of government, so to exclude itself—the i~
industrious, the opulent, the useful,
that, part that feeds you with Its in* I
dustry and supplies you with its taxes,
weaves that you may wear, and plows,']
that, you may eat—to exclude a, body^
so useful, so numerous, and that for-t^j
ever!—and in the meantime to taaljr
them ad libitum, and occasionally to
pWige their lives and fortunes!—for:
what'.'—for their disfranchisement!—It'jj
cannot, be done! Continue it, and yoiljj
expect from your laws what it wero
blasphemy to ask of your Maker.
"Such a, policy turns on the inventor,
and bruises him under the. stroke of
,hp sword
or
un(1er t|)e ac(.umu,ation
s|nl!,
him
of debr and
loss of domain. Need I go to In-'
was the case of Ire-
enslflvr() for a
century, and
and blasted with her Protes-
Ascendancy, like a shattered oate
scatllR(1 on itf! hm hy the flre of
i*s-j
intolerance? What lost England
attempt as some would now
down by the black boy en ihie
Guinea—and have you forgot
the man at home by your side, our
brother?"
Henr.v Grattan, like Emmet, Wolf®
Tone, Curran, Lord Edward Fitzgerald
and other Irish patriots, "was a Protes
tant, who desired religious as well
political freedom for his Catholic
Middle Temple, and in 1772 was called
to the Irish Bar. Becoming interested
ln Trish affairs, he took his seat in Par
Uament oh December 11. 1775. for this
borough of Charlemont. His first
speech, four days later, was a protest
against the grant of $17,500' a 'year
each to two absentee vice-treasurers
ot Ireland. The British reverses lii
AJ J,
1/ iv'ifil?