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Scholars, poets, professional men, business menf tradesmen—men from all walks of life—make up the Sinn Fein Parliament. Triumphantly chos en, by the Irish people, at the general elections held last December, to be their representatives these Sinn Fein ers, on January 22 last, met at the Mansion House in Dublin—or at least those of their number who were not confined in English prisons met there —opened Dail Elreann (the Irish Na tional Assembly), proclaimed a Re public and adopted Ireland's Declara tion. of Independence. A writer in one of the London papers has this to say about the members who attended the memorable gathering: "Count Plunkett, whose three sons took part in the Easter Rising, it a distinguished scholar, poet, and anti quary, and he was a director of the National Museum of Ireland. Cathal Brugha, who used to be known as Charles Burgess, was at one time a noted athlete, Educated at Belvedere College, he became a commercial trav eler until the Easter Rebellion enabled him to shine as an Irish Volunteer officer, and incidentally put him in a hospital for several months. He is one of the big minds of the movement. Harry Boland was a well-known hur ler in his native city of Dublin, and is a merchant tailor by trade. D. Buck ley is a shop manager, and one of the few who can speak the Irish language, as can also Pierce Beazley, who has written several plays in Irish. Dr. Bryan Cusack was a Civil Servant in London, and after wards studied for the medical profession at Galway Col lege. John Crowley has been dispen London—The Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster, who after his visit to the British fleet in the Mediterranean,! left for Palestine, has arrived in Cairo.! The advance of the British arms in Mesopotamia has been viewed with a I certain amount of alarm by certain of the Catholic communities, and the Cardinal has been in conference with several of the religious leaders. A London correspondent' who inter viewed Cardinal Bourne at Cairo, re ports that the Cardinal told him that the Catholic communities in Egypt and other parts appear to be much con cerned about the attitude to be adopted towards them by Great Britain now that a British Protectorate has been declared in Egypt. Their general sum ming of the situation seemed to be that Great Britain is a Protestant State, and that it will place the pro moting of the interests of the Church of England first, to the exclusion of other churches. The view of the Cardinal, which he expressed to the delegates, is that there is an Established Church only in England and ^Scotland—in England the Anglican Church, and in Scotland the Presbyterian Church. Elsewhere the British Government, whatever its attitude in England and Scotland, Is sfmply a "Christian" Government, al lowing the fullest liberty to all relig ious beliefs, unfortunately dividing Dublin.—The situation in Ireland is steadily drifting toward disaster. Premier Lloyd George's refusal to dis cuss Ireland at all supplies the clue to the state of mind of the Cabinet. The Premier is in the grip of reaction ary Tories and is held for them by Sir Edward Carson, who is the "hidden hand" that rules the government's policy in Ireland. That policy is directed by him to create a situation which will make certain a disastrous contest between British authority and popular will in Ireland. Sir Edward Carson has lost prestige and influence of the most powerful and influential Southern Unionists. The first blow struck at his autoc racy in the leadership in the North of Ireland was at the general elections, when labor opposed his right and the right of his nominees to voice its claims. His arrogation of the leader ship of organized labor, in Belfast, with the purpose of forming a new Unionist Labor Party, was bitterly resented. The election contest deepened the industrial revolt against him. His un scrupulous play with the prejudices and passions of the Orange working classes in Belfast and throughout the North gave him most of his power, but his influence in that connection may now be accepted as broken. Carson is keenly conscious of his fall from grace among his own ad mirers and former sycophants and knows one thing alone can restore him to favor and that is proof of the cor rectness of his attitude by a demon stration of the disastrous rtisl^y.Jty Saturday, March 15, 1919 E I I S S A N A Personnel of the Parliament Of the Republic of Ireland sary medical officer at Ballycastle for about twelve months and Michael Col livet was manager of the Shannon Foundry at Limerick. "Con Collins was a clerk in the Post Office, and Gavan Duffy, B. L., practiced as a solicitor in London and undertook the defence of Roger Case ment. James Dolan is a business man, E. J. Duggan a Dublin solicitor, while L. Ginnell is remembered on account of his exclusion from Parliament after the Easter Rising. Dr. R. Hayes was a dispensary medical officer at Lusk, near Dublin, and Mr. Sam Hayes was appointed editor of the Southern Star, Skibbereen, when it was bought by Sinn Fein. A"professor in Castle knock College, Frank Fahy, was con cerned in the German plot, and Des mond Fitzgerald worked in the Dublin Post Office. "Liam de Roiste was once a tutor in a Civil Service College and later became a commercial instructor un der the Government. Dr. James Ryan, the youngest revolutionist, who has jjust completed his medical course, is a member of a well-known Wexford family and was interned with his two sisters after the Easter Rising. "One of the most popular members is Philip Shanahan, a Dublin publican. Joseph Swinney is the son of an hotel proprietor. A first-class footbaler is Austin Stack, a solictor's managing clerk, while Roger Sweetman is a member of the Irish Bar. Last, but not least, Eamonn de Valera, presi dent of the Sinn Fein Organization, was a professor of mathematics. One of the most fluent speakers in the movement, he is only 36 years old. Cardinal Pledges Eastern Peoples Freedom of Faith Christianity. An attitude that has al ways allowed completely liberty and respected the rights of all non-Cliris tian element's. The Cardinal laid par ticular emphasis on this, which, he maintains, unless it is made perfectly clear, might arouse quite unnecessary misunderstandings. At Malta, for ex ample, where the Catholic religion is the religion of the people, the Cath olic Church enjoys a prestige that amounts to what is generally under-1 stood by "State Establishment." Cardinal Bourne, before he left Cairo, made a public speech, which has attracted widespread attention. He hoped that the lessons of the war would not be thrown away and ad dressing the French Colony, he de clared it was unthinkable that France should turn away again from her shores those, who had hastened to her aid in the hour of trouble, the Relig ious, in spite of all the bitter memor ies of the past and it was also in conceivable that the laws against these Religious should continue to exist'. Referring to Italy, and addressing the Italian Colony, His Eminence said it would be of even greater advantage to Italy than to the Vatican, if a real and complete understanding was ar rived at between the Quirinal and' the Vatican. His Eminence arrived in Jerusalem on the 18th inst. He went to Bethle Carson Shows Up As Trouble Maker of the Catholic and nationalist major ity. To that end he is engaged at present driving the excitable Sinn Fein republicans to violence by exas perating them. Bitter disappointment is aroused throughout Ireland over the draft of in the final resort, the League of Na tions, which is regarded as serving the purpose of cementing the bonds against which the Irish have protested for centuries. Great hopes were entertained that, in the final resort, the League of Na tions would be a court of appeals for Ireland. That hope was strong in all those Nationalist sections which have nothing in common with the "sover eignty" claims of Sinn Fein Repub licans. It was learned in Sinn Fein quar ters today that it is the purpose to force if possible discussion concerning Ireland under Article 11, which pro vides a backdoor for the admission of discussion under provision of the "friendly right of each of the high constructing parties" to draw atten tion to any circumstances affecting international intercourse which threat en to distrub international peace or good understanding. The Sinn Feiners believe that un less opinion in America forces Presi dent Wilson to do so. he will not raise the case of Ireland directly at the Peace Conference and they intend to exert every possible force on him, through their organization in America. So much importance is attached to Article 11 of the covenant among the Republicans that suspicion is aroused, !h?y contemplate conditions of such a These men and their conferees are not the real power behind the Sinn Fein movement. With one or two ex ceptions they are figureheads. Theirs is not the real power. The men who pull the revolutionary strings in Ire land are unkown to the public." "Ormond," writing in the Dublin Saturday Post, says that previous to the opening of Dail Eireann, it was only decided by a casting vote in the Castle to allow the Republican Par liament to meet. The same writer says: "Before the proceedings com menced I had a chat with Count Plunk ett and Professor MacNeill. The Count remarked to me, 'Everything will go well with us until the Govern ment takes action. Of course, no one knows when that may be.' Eoin Mac Neill was of the same opinion. And he adds: ''I have, it on the best au thority that Government action against members of the Dail Eireann will be taken in the near future also, that the decision which previously was in contemplation to release the Sinn Fein prisoners has been temporarily post poned. It is stated that but for the clamor a few weeks ago the prisoners would have been released, but the effect of the meetings on the Castle authorities—and Sir Frederick Shaw in particular—was to hold the men as a token of the might of Britain, and thus show no weakness on the part of the authorities. The release of the prisoners has been decided upon, but not the date. However, I am informed that when their release will arrive they shall be rearrested on definite charges." hem the next day, and said Mass in the Church of the Nativity. He has said Mass in the Holy Sepulchre, and has visited all the sacred places of the Holy City. He is going a little off the beaten track to confirm some Catholic soldiers, and will then go on to Con stantinople. In Jerusalem, as else where, he has lield receptions of the various communities and made him self acquainted with the different ra cial points of view and with the diffi culties experienced by the Congrega tions and Religious Orders. Rev. Francis Lamb has arrived at Malta en route for Palestine. He is the Provincial-Vicar of the Carmelites, and is going, at the request of the British Foreign Office, to occupy at Mount Carmel the position formerly filled by a German Religious of the same Order. The Anglicans seem to be reconsid ering their position. We are told that the Archbishop of Canterbury has been visiting the troops in France, and has had conference with the chaplains, em ployed amongst the soldiers during the war that he finds these chaplains had had interesting experiences, which should help towards the reunion of Christendom and that the men they serve have had their religious sensi bilities awakened, and do not see the necessity for so much difference in the Christian creeds. war like nature in Ireland that the world would force members of the League to take action. Many of them favor a "remonstration" rebellion. PAPAL DELEGATE WAS IN IRE LAND ON WAY TO U. S. Archibishop Cerretti Stopped to Visit Chief Prelates of Erin While Jour neying to United States— Learned Conditions. (Catholic Press Association.) London. Jan, 30.—It is not generally known that Msgr, Cerretti, who in on a papal mission to the United States, visited Ireland before sailing for Amer ica to take part in the celebration of Cardinal Gibbons' jubilee. Msgr, Cer retti's visit was private, but it lasted long "enough to enable him to get an idea of the. general situation in Ire land, and to see leading members of the Church there. The visit shows the deep and affectionate interest tak en by the Holy Father in Irish affairs. Apropos of the difficulties which loom ahead of the Church in some of the new States, which will arise from the Peace Conference deliberations, and which are already becoming ap parent amongst the populations of the Near East, it is understood that the Holy Father has sent instructions to the Bishops of the East to recommend their clergy to take no part in political affairs, in the new States, established at the Peace Conference. "The posi tion of the Church will have to be reg ulated in all* these countries, and a great work lies before the Chancery of the Vatican. Already a concordat, with Roumania is under discussion. (By the Rev. John J. O'Gorman. D. C. L., C. F.. in London Universe.') The present inter-Allied peace con ference will be a success if it paves the way for a league of nations. Fix ing the blame for the war, punishing the criminals, releasing from the grasp of the enemy empires the na tions or provinces held against their will, repairing as far as possible the harm done to the civilian population of the Allied countries—all these ob jects are necessary and excellent, and certain of achievement. But no pun ishment, however severe, meted out to the Central Empires and Turkey will protect the coming generations from another world-war or will estab lish International justice. The cause of the recent world-war, which still rages in Eastern Europe, was, in the last instance, international injustice. This evil can be remedied in only one manner by establishing international justice. This object cannot be achieved by a balance of power or by making the Entente, powers all-powerful. For un der either of these systems the root evil which caused the war still lurks— namely, the pagan idea of complete state sovereignty. If a state is abso lutely sovereign, if it is answerable to no higher authority of God or man, if it can say to those who would in terfere to remedy an injustice, "this is a domestic question," then inevit ably it will bo a race between state and state as to who can raise and maintain the largest army, the largest navy and the most powerful air force. That way lies war. If this system continues the youths who took part in this war may still be of military age when the next call to don the khaki or field grey arrives. Unless we want an ever-present danger of war, then the peace conference must result in a league of nations that will acknowledge a higher power than the state, and that will obey and enforce international ethics. For the only sound basis of the leaeue of nations is international etnj^s. This is not a new science, nor a n£w idea, but one which was taught in the Old Testament, and which has formed part of the Christian tradition from the beginning Sts. Augustine, Aquinas and Suarez laid down the fundamental principles centuries ago. Unfortunately, few indeed of the dele gates to the peace conference are well grounded ,, in Catholic philosophy. Few even of the learned and facile writers who deluge us with words about the peace conference seem to have a grasp of the principles of in ternational ethics. We Catholics, however, should know them as we know our Catechism. To refresh our memory, a few of these principles may be here recapitulated. First—The nations of the world must acknowledge God, the Infinite The Irish problem has taken a new and vexed turn, not through Ireland's fault, but through England's perver sity in not approving of an act which Great Britain herself bade the. Irish perform, says America. And the strange part of the present tangle is that this is the first time in centuries that Erin has done Eng land's bidding, and yet Britain is not only sulking over it, but is actually threatening dire reprisals, in the form of many a pound of Irish flesh and a river or two of Irish blood. What can be the matter with Great Britain? Surely, she is sincere, at least now, in this terrible crisis in which her very existence is threatened. Have the hor rors of war blunted her keen sense of justice or dried up the fountain of her exquisite humor? For four years and more she exhorted and even prod ded Ireland to action, and now, to the amazement of the multitude, she is angry that Ireland has fulfilled her behests. The very last pre-war sen tence that England spoke was a pro testation that the consideration which made her jump to arms was the free dom of small nations. But Ireland has won freedom, has obtained that for which England declared she sac rificed men and money beyond count ing. Why then does England sulk and threaten? Was she sincere four years ago? And during the course of the war Great Britain protested to all the world that she was fighting for the freedom of small nations and would end the war the moment she was con vinced that the aforesaid nations were safe in the possession of liberty. Ireland is safe in such possession, if Great Britain, the nation which waged war that small nations might be free, would let her alone. What is the mat ter with England? Surely she is not hypocritical, especially now when the Bolshevlki are ready to submerge her. Yet there are her wo^ds and there are her acts, and they are contradictory. The fact of the matter is, England is playing the most dangerous game of her history. Heretofore she tried to fool the poor, oppressed Irish only, now she is striving to fool the world, The Basis of the League of Nations Creator, to be the Father and Lord of the universe, whom all nations, as all individuals, must. obey. Second—The Ten Commandments apply without exception equally to all nations. Every nation must worship God, and Him alone, honor His Holy Name, keep holy the Sunday, respect the inalienable rights of parents, and avoid murder, divorce laws, theft, lies and covetousness. Third—All nations are free and equal, and subject to God. Just as hujnan slavery is a crime against the dignity of map, whom God made free and equal in his essential rights, so also national slavery, the maintenance of one nation in subjection to another by force, is opposed to the God-given right of every nation to be free. As, however, man cannot obtain a full ex ercise of his freedom while a child, so, under clearly established conditions, nations in a primitive state of civiliza tion may remain in tutelage to others more civilized on condition that they are gradually educated to liberty. Fourth—No nation is really sover eign (that is, irresponsible), for though a juridically perfect society, a state is necessarily subject, to the will of God. as manifested in international ethics. Ol' the very nature of things, this international ethics calls for an organism to ^proclaim and apply it. This organism can only he formed by the nations creating a new interna tional and supernal ional body—the league of nations. Fifth—Every nation has as its ob ject the common good ol' the whole nation, but this object must be subor dinate to the common good of the human race. Otherwise there exists a form of excessive nationalism or aggressive imperialism, which excites pride and increases national greed, all of which results in unnecessary war. Siith—The league of nations has as its object the common good of hu manity, which it must protect against the injustice of nations. The league must protect, the inalienable rights of nations as the. nations must respect, the inalienable lights of families. In a clash between the rights of a nation and the rights of the league, the league must prevail, as it has as its object the greater good. Seventh—The league of nations must liberate all civilized nations now held in political subjection by force of arms by another power, whether that power be a member of the Central Empires or of the Entente. It must also protect the real rights of social minorities, such as that of establish ing at their own cost their own schools. Eighth—The league, in adjusting and readjusting the boundaries of states, must consider the principle of nationality, race and language and the general interests of mankind, and not be bound by the principle of the bal ENGLAND'S DANGEROUS GAME and the world will not be fooled, .laws are set in the United States, Canada, Ireland, England, and wherever the great, issue is understood. And that, issue is: the war was fought for democracy and democracy must be extended to Ireland too. The sooner Great Britain stops her acting and becomes honest, tlje better for the world, but for herself especially, for she is nearing the brink of the preci pice, a fact she woulcj do well to re cognize before it is too late. POPE SENDS INSTRUCTIONS. Holy Father Instructs Bishops of New States to Keep Clergy out of Politics. Apropos of the difficulties, which TISSUE BUILDING Tissue is the doctor's name for body cells. It is 1o our bodies what coal is to an engine. Every day we burn'up a certain amount, of tissue. Therefdre new tissue must lie built to lake the place of the lost fuel. The food we eat makes this new tissue and in a healthy person gives enough fuel to replace the loss. People get thin and "run down" because they do not get enough nourishment from their food to supply' the needed fuel. When the weakened system does not do its duty you must have a "tissue builder." Father John's Medicine is a real tissue builder because it actually makes new flesh and tissue. When you take Father John's Medicine, the actual food elements of which it is composed give, you new strength, and enable the organs of the body to resume their work. Father John's Medicine soothes and heals throat and lungs, treats colds, bronchitis, asthma. People gain weight steadily wlii' taking it. ance of power, by selfish considera tions of strategic frontiers, by the de sire of depriving the enemy of val uable natural resources, or by the clauses of sordid secret treaties, which were signed, not to establish justice, but to obtain allies, and which, as they involve injustice to third parties, are of no binding char acter. Ninth—The league must acknowl edge that, independently of any na tion or of all nations, there stands the Church. The league has as one of its main duties the protection of the Church against the interference of na tions. In particular thei Catholic Church, being a juridically perfect so ciety, and hence being in its own (re ligious) sphere sovereign and inde pendent even of the league of na tions, must be guaranteed perfect freedom. This implies, among many other things, the appointment of Bishops and parish priests without in terference by secular authority, free dom of church government, freedom of the pulpit, the right of religious orders to own property and conduct their institutions, the inviolability of church properly, and tho liberty of religious bodies to establish primary, secondary and university schools whose pupils may compete on an equal footing with the pupils of state schools for all public positions. Tenth- -Tin- league must protect the religious liberty of the individual against, the interference of others. A state, or the league itself, has a right to interfere with freedom of con science, only when the so-called reli gion of a particular individual is against the natural law. Kleventh—The league of nations must acknowledge the Pope to bo, as head of tho Catholic Church, the in ternational world religion, subject to no nation, nor even to the league of Nations, but to be in his own sphere a truly Sovereign Pontiff, llence tho league must acknowledge his inter national character and guarantee him the absolutely free exercise, of his office in peace time and in war time. The league should conjointly with the Pope and the Kingdom of Italy, settle the "Roman Question." Twelfth—Tho league of nations must establish the machinery neces sary to obtain its end—international justice and happiness. The delegates of I he nations, will not accept, all this philosophy nor put it into practice but the measure of their omission will be the measure of their failure. However, there has been no moment in history when there was as great a chance for the realization of a number of these bases for a league of nations as there is today. All those who believe in these Christian principles of international ethics should support, them by word and prayer. loom ahead of the church in some of the new states, which will arise from the Peace Conference deliberations, and which are already becoming ap parent among the populations of the Near East, it is understood that the Holy Father has sent instructions to the Bishops of the East, to recom mend their clergy to take no part in political affairs in the new states, es tablished at the Peace Conference. The position of the church will have to be regulated in all these countries and a great work lies before the Chancery of the Vatican. Already a concordat with Roumania is under discussion.