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Established 1887 STENCILS AND SIGNS A Piper Read Before the Chautauqua Circle Anent Sign Lettering By Mr. C. H. S. Mr. President and Fellow Mem bers:—The subject of my paper torday is devoted to the art of fancy sign work and artistic decor ating. I have prepared a few ex amples of fancy sign work and scroll decorations and I hope to be able to prepare another paper and examples on the subject of cartoon- ing in blacky and other colors. I will give you in detail the lessons a man must learn in order to be a successful decorator. To begin with, a man must pos sess a steady hand, and must be able to sketch and work out his own designs, otherwise he will al ways stay at the bottom. The first lesson is to take a sheet of paper and pencil, mark down the word ing of the sign you wish to paint; consider how many words there are; then proceed and group them together. Consider how much space you wish to devote to your lettering, then begin and work out your design of striping, shading and scroll-work. After this is done you have the foundation. Actual work can begin now. By sketch ing out the lettering first, great care must be taken that the spacing is correct, then proceed and sketch out your scroll-work, or any other fancy work you have in your mind. Now the sign is ready for the brush and colors. Cat% must be taken in selecting your colors for lettering, shades and fancy work. For letters light colors are best; for shades use always darker colors; there are many combinations. The selection is left entirely to the painter’s taste. The letters must be edged after they are painted, % before the shade is applied. This applies also to decorating. Decorations are used for all pur- poses. We have need for the dec orating of our homes, theaters, railway and street cars, and many other branches of the home and business world. In having our homes decorated many variations in design, workmanship and taste can be selected—it depends entire ly on the size of our pocketbooks. Paper hanging and cheap stencil work is often used, but high class decorations, like ceiling designs, corner designs, scroll and panel work is very expensive, as it takes time to do the work, and the decor ator must be an expert in this line of work; that’s why high class decorations are expensive. When stencil work is used, the cost is considerably lower compared with • high class hand work. For ex ample: we will compare scroll work applied by stencil, and scroll work done by hand. Scroll-work by stencil shows only the outline of design in one color, without edging and shading, and looks plain, and can be done in a short time, and anyone that has a little knowledge of sign- work can stencil them on, while the scroll worked out by hand looks artistic and will last a lifetime, while stencil must be renewed every few years. There are factories to-day that manufacturer stencils for all kinds of decorating, but high class decor ations cannot be manufactured. There are also factories that manu facture transfer decorations, but this kind of work will soon fade and peel off, while hand work will outlast all combinations. We used these in the shape of the Minnesota state seal on our farm machines, but have discarded them, for they were worthless, and we now use striping in place of transfer work. In conclusion I wish to mention, that in preparing these examples, OCR MOTTO:—"It Is Never Too lste to Mend.'* I used no instruments but pencil, rule, brush and colors. Mr. President and fellow mem bers, I thank you for your kind attention. A Day at a Time. —There is no more important truth to impress on our minds than that we shall never achieve anything or enjoy anything except To-day. That future of our dreams is as unreal as a mirage. Everything depends on the Now. We cannot hope to make a successful life out of a ser ies of failures. If To-day we shirk and To-morrow we surren der, those two will detract from our future success. The question of final success need occupy our at tention very little. To-day is the day of days. We should live it as if the success or failure of our earthly existence depended on its record. We should meet its trials with courage, accept its duties with enthusiasm, and when we have done our best, fearlessly leave the result with God. Such glori ous To-days fitted together make the mosaic of a glorious life. —Ex. The Revue de Chimie Industrielle notes that a brilliant black paint which dries well and is far superior to mineral varnish may be made by mixing equal parts of coal tar with benzme or coal oil. Spread thinly with a hard brush, it pene trates the wood, which it preserves from decay. POULTRY RAISING A Timely Paper About Raising the Meat Supply, Read at the Chautauqua By Mr. F. K. One of the greatest problems that our government has to face to-day is to obtain enough meat to supply our allies “over there” and at the same time to have enough to feed our own people. The present meat supply is not sufficient to meet the demand. Meatless days, horse meat and fish have helped to some extent, but not enough; so the Government has sent an ap peal broadcast, for everybody* that has a small piece of ground to raise poultry, for their own use at least. To tip successful in raising poul try, it is necessary to know how to house them, feed and care for them. A brief idea is given be low: To start at the very beginning, a good setting hen must be had, one of the larger variety, such as the Plymouth Rock or Wyandotte, as they cover more eggs and are good mothers. Next a setting of eggs must be - bought from some reliable breeder of thoroughbred poultry. But right here is where a good many amateur poultry raisers get their first bump. There’s a trick in every trade but your own and the poultryman has his. He may sell you a setting of eggs cheap, but you find that after waiting impatiently for twenty-one days only half of them hatched. Perhaps the ones that failed to hatch had a small hole put in them with a fine needle which lets in the air and kills the germ, or they may have been dipped in hot water which closes the pores and makes the egg unfit for hatching. If you do not wish to hatch your own chicks, day old chicks can be bought at prices ranging from five to ten cents each, and can be raised in a good home-made brooder. They may be fed on corn meal, wheat, beet scrap and grit They must also have plenty of fresh water. It is necessary to occasion ally powder the chicks with insect powder to keep them free from lice, for lice retard their growth Stillwater. Minnesota. Thursday. March 28. 1918. f&ister Susan Coolidge When the snow was deep, we said: , “Tis a coverlet, gently spread— Spread and folded tenderly Where the sleeping lilies lie: Fold on fold of fleecy white. Gold to touch and pure to sight. Wrapped about the deep repose Of the violet and the rose. Softly speak and lightly tread, * Death is guarding Life, we said. When the Spring was late, we said: “While the tftorm-wmd blew o erhead. Gods dear Springtime doth but wait; Come it soon or come it late. Come it slow or come it fast. It shall surely come at last. Frosts may blight and buds may rue: Still the promise standeth true. Though the earth seem sore bestead, God does not forget, we said. When our souls were dark, we said: “Courage.‘soul, be comforted! * Every life some hardness knows. time and heavy snows: Every heart must learn to wait. the Spring he cold and late: Prayers m time shall change to praise. Easter crown the Lenten days; Christ is risen from the dead; Christ shall raise us, too. we said. ana often kills them. If cared for properly the chicks mature very fast—if the rats don’t get them. It is a good plan to get your house ready while the chicks are growing. Many people make a dismal failure of raising poultry, because they think that any kind of old hovel will do for a hen coop, and a little wheat and some water will do for their feed. That’s all wrong. It is necessary to have a good, tight coop free from draughts, for chickens can stand a considerable amount of cold if there is no draught. The inside should be free of cracks or open ings that will harbor mites or lice. The house should face the south, if possible; have good drainage and ventilation, and must be rat-proof. Glass windows are not necessary, for it has been found by experience that two thicknesses of white mus lin do very nicely for the cold weather. This should be put on frames that can be taken out or raised up in the day time. One frame is put on the inside of the window sash and the other on the outside, or storm sash, leaving an air space in between. If more than twenty hens are to be kept, it is well to separate them into groups of fifteen or twenty to a pen,* to prevent crowding.- The roosts should all be on the same level, for if one is higher than the rest they will all try to crowd on to it at night. There should be a dropping board under the roosts, to make it easier to keep the coop clean. It is advisable to have a small compartment in each pen for the hens to sleep in. This is easily ac complished. The side, the back and the roof of the coop go to make up three sides and the dropping board the bottom; all that is then needed is a small partition from the roof to the dropping board‘and about six feet from the opposite side. This leaves it all closed in except the front which is covered at night with a curtain of canvas or muslin. As the dropping board is about two feet from the floor, there is ample room underneath for the nests. About eight inches of clean straw should be kept on the floor into which the grain is scattered so as to make the hens scratch for their food and at the same time makes them exercise, which is very essential. - When the chicks weigh a pound and a half or two pounds, it is time to get rid of the cockerels, for they are not needed and should be kept from the hens at all times ex cept when breeding. The hens should be powdered frequently with some good brand of lice powder and the coop should be sprayed often with a lice killing substance/ A good solution that is very cheap, but very good in de stroying vermin, can be made as follows: A can containing some crude carbolic acid crystals is placed in a pan of hot water until it turns to liquid. A tablespoon full of this liquid is then used in one gal lon of kerosene and this mixture kept in a jug until wanted. If this mixture is sprayed on all parts of the interior of the coop it will be found satisfactory. A box of fine, dry ashes makes a good dust bath. Feeding the flock is a matter of choice. Some prefer to feed the grain in the litter; others in a hop per, and some just throw it on the ground. Waste must be avoided or the venture will be a failure. If the hens are expected to lay, they must be fed egg producing material. Ground bone, meat scraps and milk give good results. Cabbage, mangels, potatoes and beets also make excellent feed. The hens also enjoy a good bran mash, while material for making egg shells must also be fed —one of which is oyster shell. If the hens ire to be used for general purposes, it is well to pick from the medium size, such as the white and Plymouth Rock, the Wyandottes, or Orpingtons. These are all good layers; if rightly cared for and when dressed, make a fine table fowl. The Leghorns and Minorcas are wonderful egg pro ducers, but being small, are not much of a table bird. Fowls that have yellow shanks and yellow skin are more in demand than those that have dark shanks and skins. > Chickens that are to be fattened for market purposes should be con fined in a small place, for if allowed to run they soon lose their weight Another branch of poultry rais- ing applies to ducks, of which there are many varieties. Atten tion is called here to the Indian Runner ducks, that are called the “Leghorna of the duck family,” because they are small and active like the Leghorns, and because of their laying ability. Some of their eggs are light blue and some are dull white but have a very fine flavor. It is generally believed that ducks must have a place to swim, but this is not so with the Indian Runner. They must have large quantities of water to drink. They are fed about the same as are the hens. When Canada went into the war, they adopted the slogan: “Raise twice as much poultry.” This flooded the market and brought the prices down, but at the same time it took thousands of bushels of grain to feed that poul try, whereas it might have been used for better purposes. Uncle Sam has adopted a slogan: “A hundred hens on every farm, a hundred eggs from every hen,” this being the minimum. Good re turns may be had from a hundred hens if they have the proper hous ing and if good common sense is used in feeding them. Belle —Do you know I’ve had this dress for eight years. Beulah —Yes, I know you’ve had it all the time you’ve been 28 years old.—Yonkers Statesman. DISCARDED PAPER Big Factory Near Philadelphia Converts Waste Paper into Cardboard Scientific American What becomes of the thousands upon thousands of newspapers that are discarded by readers on street cars, railroads and in the homes? The question must naturally ob trude itself on the minds of many in the hurrying throngs to and from business who note the disor derly litter that collects at termi nal stations. Waste newspapers are used al most exclusively in the manufac ture of the cardboard or paste board box in which dressmakers, shoemakers and department stores generally, deliver dresses, suits, shoes, etc., and one of the largest factories in the United States for the manufacture of this kind of cardboard is located just outside of Philadelphia on the Schuylkill River, at Manayunk. Long trains of cars may be seen at Manayunk any day, loaded with bales of waste newspapers, the collection of many cities, which have been assembled here for con version into the clean sheets of cardboard that will be used later for fashioning a box fit to hold my lady’s gown of daintiest hhiffon or tulle. The preliminary operation of unpacking the bales of material which have been put together by waste paper dealers are not over careful in the sorting of the ma terial, and tin cans and other heavy materials may be surreptitiously introduced at some stage of the process of packing the small bun les which are turned in by individ ual collectors of the material. If one can stand the choking dust that arises as bales are opened and sorted by the busy workers in the paperboard factory, and he watches the operation of unpack ing, he will note the truly miscel laneous character of the contents of these newspapers of morning and afternoon editions, with their embellishments of sc&reheads in black and red, in company with a miscellaneous assortment of paper like carnival streamers, confetti, harlequin caps, etc. Vol. XXXI: No. 34 ' AN EASTER FIASCO In Which It is Shown That Pride and New Clothes Goeth Before a Fall By Hr. B. “Well, I s’pose now that Mrs. Brown’s man has got that good job down at the mills she’ll be all blossoming out in some fine new duds; ’specially seem’ as Easter is drawing close,” said Mrs. White to Mrs. Jones, as they sat in the latter’s kitchen drinking their af ternoon tea and indulging in a little gossip about their neighbors. “You just bet she will!” said Mrs. Jones. “She’s always br&ggin’ to me about the fine clothes she used to have, and how, if her man land ed a decent job, she was going to buy some clothes that would make the neighbors sit up and take notice.” “Yes,” said Mrs. White, “she was over to see me this morning, and she told me as how her man is getting eighteen a week, and that he is going to give her a whole week’s pay to buy some good clothes for herself for Easter. And goodness knows she needs them, poor thing; but I think they had better pay up some of their debts first before blossoming out in too much style. Well, I must be go ing as it’s getting close to supper time. Drop over when you can. Goodbye.” Easter Sunday evening, just as Mrs. White had finished washing her supper dishes, Mrs. Jones came in for a “few minutes’ chat” she explained as she seated herself comfortably in a chair. “How did Mrs. Brown show up in her Easter duds?” asked Mrs. Jones after Mrs. White had set out the customary tea. “Oh, I must tell you all about it,” replied Mrs. White. “I got it all from Mrs. Black who was in juet before supper, and who, you know, lives next door to the Browns, and she told me every thing. “Mr. and Mrs. Brown went to church this morning, and of course Mrs. Black was on the watch to see how Mrs. Brown was dressed. She said Mrs, Brown had on a beautiful dark blue suit and a lovely cream-colored coat over it; a big black hat with three large ostrich plumes, and on her feet she had high, gray boots and white silk stockings. Mrs. Black said she looked just fine, and her nose was so high in the air you couldn’t reach it with a long fish-pole. Mrs. Black said she bet the eighteen dol lars was just the first payment down on that outfit. But, you know, towards noon a rain came up, and the Browns felt so big and important in their new togs that they hired a taxi to bring them home from church so that Mrs. Brown wouldn’t be all spoiled by the rain. The rain came down real hard and made some nasty mud holes in the street, and one place there was a big deep hole which filled up with muddy water, and the Brown’s taxi run into it and busted off the hind wheel, throwing Mrs. Brown against the door so hard that it flew open and Mrs. Brown went kerflap right out into the deep mud puddle, and as Mr. Brown tried to get out to help he slipped and flopped in the mud beside her. Oh! Mrs. Black ** said, they was just a awful sight when they* came home. Mrs. Brown and her Easter outfit was nothing but one mass of slime and mud. She looked like a dead mouse the cat had been draggin’ round for an hour. “Well, I must be goin’. Drop over to-morrow, if you can, and try a cup of that new black tea Fve just bought. Good-bye. 1 ’