The northwestern bulletin-appeal. [volume], February 09, 1924, Image 3

About The northwestern bulletin-appeal. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn. ;) 1924-1925

Image provided by: Minnesota Historical Society; Saint Paul, MN

                
SNOWFLAKE * HAS SIX STA'S
Farmer, Who Hat Photographed Over
4JXX), tajra Many Things Are
Designed From Them.
Lacemakere, Jewelers, designers of
silks, wall papers and table linens, and
eten bakers and confectioners, are now
borrowing the ornamental designs for
their products from snowflakes, writes
Wilson A. Bentley, snowflake photog
rapher.
During 41 years Bentley, who Is a
fanner of Jericho, Vt, has photo
graphed more than 4,000 snowflakes,
and asaerts he has found no two alike.
He adds that no two could possibly be
alike, since the sliape of a snowflake
depends on temperature, humidity and
chemical and electrical content of the
atmosphere through which It falls. It
Is inconceivable, he says, that any two
snowflakes could ever encounter exact-
ly the same atmospheric conditions In
their Journey to earth.
In one respect, however, Bentley de
clares all snowflakes to be alike—all
• are some variation of a six-pointed
star. Though a casual look at the
snowflake may seem to Indicate that It
departs from this form, microscopic in
spection will always show the six
points.
Bentley began studying snowflakes
with a microscope at the age of six
teen. Later he acquired a microscopic
camera and had completed quite a gal
lery of snowflake photographs before
he realised that the work he was nurs
ing as a hobby had any commercial
value. Then a lace manufacturer
bought some photographs from him
and since then he has found a steady
market for his pictures.—Popular Sci
ence Monthly.
DOMESTIC HELP IN PRUSSIA
Employees Are Regulated by Law—
Must Work 1S Hours Dally, and
Have Two Houi£ for Meals.
In Prussia, as In New Zealand, the
hours of work for domestic help are
regulated by law. Domestics shall not
be kept on duty for more than 13 hours
a day, out of which two hours must be
allowed for meals. On every second
Sunday and on ofllcial holidays their
work must cease at Bp. m. After nine
months’ continuous employment a
household employee Is entitled to one
week’s holiday with full pay, plus an
allowance for board.
Furthermore, the act requires each
employee to have a "dlenstbuch.” In
which are entered the owner’s name,
age, appearance (backed up by a pho
tograph), particulars of former situa
tions and wages received, together
with “reasons for leaving” and “char
acter.” All these entries are signed by
the employer and officially stamped by
the police at each change of situation,
so their accuracy la Indisputable.—
Detroit News.
Rain Shifts Ranch.
It is not often that a man goes to
bed at night with his property in ene
country and awakens next morning to
find some of it in another, but such la
the case which baa recently happened
on the United Statea-Mexlcan border.
An International boundary change,
in whlcb a portion of an American
ranch baa become Mexican territory,
baa taken place owing to the heavy
rains in northern Mexico. After the
waters of the Rio Grande had sub
sided. Ben Kell, a Texas rancher,
found that the course of the river
had changed somewhat and part of
his landa were in Mexican territory.
Kell la reported to have gone to
Reynoaa, In the state of Tamaulipas,
to register the property now in Mex
ico.
The inhabitants of a sagebrush town
were seated on a cracker box exchang
ing desultory conversation.
“You know then) hot cakes what the
feller flips In the window of the For
lorn Hope restaurant T”
v “Yea, I know ’em."
“Ever try ’em?"
“Yea, I’ve tried ’em."
“What do you think of ’em?"
The citizen thus appealed to gazed
flectlvely toward the foothills for
ome minutes and then rendered Judg
ment.
“That feller’s not a cook; he’s a Jug
gler."—Judge.
“Now. Mr. Professional Censor, I
suppose yon have read many books
that yon think the pnbUc should not
readr
“I hare."
“You have looked at and censored
many plays that yon consider Immoral
and bad tor other people to seer*
-1 barer
“And yet, Mr. Professional Censor,
after all this reading and Investigation
It has not affected you? In other
words, yon are still Just ss moral and
undented as you were before —”
(Order In the court I) —The Nation.
The Wrong Ticket.
It was dusk, and the ticket Inspector
wdnt to the young couple on the back
seat of the bus. The youth, slightly
Impatient at the Interruption, thrust
out his folded tickets.
“We do not stop there," said the In*
spector, politely.
• "Where r Inquired the youth.
“At tbs pawnbroker’s."
Real Results.
“Tour medicine bss helped me won
derfully.” wrote the grateful woman.
“A month ago I could not spank the
baby and now I am able to thrash my
husband. Heaven bless you.”—Boston
Transcript j ' •
Immune..
HOW THE HATION IS PROTECTED
FROM SERIOUS DISASTER
City Without a Reserve Water Supply Against Destruction by Fire
Likened by Bankers’ Committee to Business Situa
tion Without Federal Reserve System. \
A vital element in everybody’s prosperity Is that mysterious sounding
"something or other" called bank reserve, says the Committee on Public
Education of thr American Bankers Association, adding: “It Isn’t an easy
matter to make simple and Interesting, but Its Importance to every man,
woman and child la the country makes the effort worth while.” The Com
mittee continues:
Money on deposit must always be ready for depositors when they desire
It Banks must also be ready to loan money, when needed, to their customers,
»r business would be hampered. In other words, prosperity depends largely
on (he ability of the banks to meet these demands—that Is, depends on the
“bank reserves." The problem of handling reserves has been difficult The
Federal Reserve Bystem has met the problem more satisfactorily u»«» any
other method ever tried In this country.
The Orest Solution
Our banks are managed by officer*
and directors, elected by their own
stockholders. They are Interested In
helping the town to grow and prosper,
but Just as a local telephone station
is valuable to the Interchange of
thought because It belongs to a
system whose wires reach to all parts
of the nation, so the local bank Is
valuable to the Interchange of bust
ness because of Its connections with
other banks In the United States,
finding its strength and Its usefulness
in being part of a system.
For many years a plan was sought
whereby our thousands of separate*
and Independent banka could get to
gether and cooperate for the Improve
ment of our banking methods, and for
mutual protection In enlergencles.
both for themselves and customers.
We had periodical money panics, dan
gerously disturbing to business, and
chargeable, in large part, to defects
in our banking and currency system
There was no central bank from
whlcb the Individual banks could get
assistance In time of trouble. Panic
conditions caused weak banks to fall,
and even strong and sound Institutions
to be Imperilled. Hankers, business
men, and leaders In Congress for
years made a careful studyof banking
and finally Congress passed a law
providing for the establishment of
twelve great Federal Reserve Banks,
each designed to serve as a sort of
central bank for such banks In Its
allotted territory as might become
members of the Federal Reserve
Bystem.
It retained the American plan of
Independent banks doing business un
der the management of their own di
rectors and officers. About 10.000
banks have become members of the
Federal Reserve Bystem. The mem
ber banks in each district own the
entire stoek of the Federal Reserve
bank there, and elect two-thirds of
the directors. The other directors are
appointed by the Federal Reserve
Board at Washington, the Govern
mental body having supervision over
the Reserve banks, though It does
not operate them. Its members
are appointed by the President of the
United Btates.
The Federal Reserve banks bold
member banka’ reserves. Formerly
GETTING THE IDEA
Closer fellowship between bankers end farmers was and s resolu
tion adopted affirming faith In the efficacy of the corporative marketing Idea
at a meeting of the American Bankers Association Agricultural Commission.
— N*ws /tom.
SAVINGS MORE THAN
DOUBLE IN DECADE
Now York.—Reported savings de
posits la banks and trust companies
at the United Btates hare more than
doubled In amount during the past
decade, sad the number of accounts
hare Increased by about 141 per cent,
figures compiled by the Barings Bank
Division,. American Bankers Assort*
tion, show
“If distributed equally tnong out
entire population, the savings deposits
in 1»11 would hare given ft* to oacb
each bank carried In its own vault
the cash required by law as a legal
reserve so that It would be rehdy to
pay depositors on demand. The gold
supply of the country was thus scat
tered among thousands of Independent
banks.
When Fire Rages
This situation may be likened to
the old-time water supply la a town
Each house bad to depend on Its in
dividual well, tank, or cistern. Pie
tore such a town attacked by dre. If
the water was low In one well, from
drought, or excessive use, water
would have to be borrowed from a
neighboring well. Suppose the water
In that well also was at a low level.
Thus the safety of all was sacrificed
because no RESERVE water supply
was at hand. The fire would .become
a conflagration.
Under the Federal Reserve System,
we have a series of modern reservoirs,
located In various parts of the coun
try. each serving the needs of the
banks In its own district In each of
these reservoirs credit Is stored up to
be supplied to the various banks, as
the need arises. Each reservoir Is
in turn connected with all* the others
so that when the supply In one be
comes low, the others may be tem
porarlly drawn upon. By gathering
the gold reserves of the member
banks into the twelve Re
serve banks, a result has been ob
talned like that yielded >y the con
structlon of a great city water supply
Each member bank formerly had to
depend almost entirely- upon Its own
resources In making loans to its cus
tomers. When it had loaned all of Its
own money, It could do no more, even
though the merchant manufacturer
or farmer customer had great need
of more credit, antf was seeking it
for highly Important and necessary
purposes. Hence arose what was
called a “tight money” situation Now
the member bank can, and frequently
does take the notes of Its customers
to the Federal Reserve bank, and
borrows there In much the same way
as the customer borrows from the
member bank.
Tbla reserve-storing and loaning
work of the Reserve System Is only
part of tbe wonderful protection and
service It la rendering the nation.
adult and child la ths oountry," tbs
Division's report says, “but la 1111
the portion of each would hare boos
no less than $151."
The officially reported savings de
posits are as follows:
Deposits Aeoouats
191 S $8,426476,000 12.684411
IMS 17451.475.000 SO4SS4S4
Increase .. 106.7% 140.0% |
“This remarkable growth is attrlb
utable to Improvement la the service#
of the banks for sarars and to tbs
more consistent oaavass for account!
through advertising and soliciting/
the report says.
THE NORTHWESTERN BULLETIN-APPEAL
FRANCE HAS HUGE EMPIRE
Colonial Holdings In Africa Exceed
Those of Britain by About
One-Fifth. .
Instead of North America and India,
Africa Is now the moat Import eat field
of French colonial development, writes
Henri M. Barzun in Currqat History
Magazine. Here tbs French posses
sions have an area of 4,800,000 square
miles; that Is 17 times_ the size of
France Itself, and a colored population
equal to the number of France’s
white Inhabitants. The French colonies
in Afrlcfi, whlcb exceed those of Great
Britain by about one-fifth, suggest a
kind of confederation, slowly built up
by the gradual acquisition of 20 prov
inces from 1830 op to the Versailles
treaty. A beginning was made with
the annexation in 1830 of northern Al
geria, to which were added the colonies
of Gabon, Congo, Übangl, and Chad In
1841; Guinea and Ivory Coast In 1843;
Somaliland in 1864; Tunis In 1881; Sen
egal in 1889; Volta, Dahomey,
and Mauritania In 1893; Madagascar
and Reunion In 1896; southern Algeria
in 1902; Niger and Morocco In 1912;
and the German Cameroons In 1919.
Tbe value of the African empire Is
seen in Its trade both with France and
with the world at large. Production Is
already nearing 3,000,000 tons yearly
for the whole dominion, mostly raw
materials for manufacturers and food
staffs for export. As for the commer
cial balance, the day Is expected when
the 700,000,000 francs of prewar trade
will reach 5,000,000,000. There could
be no better prospect for French pros
perity at home and for French ex
change In foreign countries. Especial
ly In Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, ag
riculture is being developed on a large
scale. Tbe farms and cultivated fields
cover Immense areas, comparable only
to tbe American Middle West. This
necessitates the use of modem agricul
tural implements suen as Harvesters,
reapers, binders, threshers and trac
tors, creating a market for American
manufacturers of these machines.
TO DECIPHER MANUSCRIPTS
>hotographece Find Ink Which Has
Faded Into Illegibility May Btill Be
Opaque to Ultra-Violet Raya
Photographers have found that they
can obtain very dflTerent effects when
quarts lamps are used in place of tbe
more common sources of light Tbe
reason is simple enough. Tbe quarts
allows the ready passing of the so
called nltra-vlolet rays of light, which
will not penetrate glass, and these In
turn produce a different effect from the
rest of tbe rays.
With colored vases, flowers or dress
goods the effects are equally surpris
ing and sometimes may lead to Impor
tant applications. For Instance, a
French photographer has found that
Ink which has faded Into Illegibility
may still be opaque to the ultra-violet
rays. By photographing documents on
whlcb the ink had been faded he has
been able to restore the legibility
Moreover, the Investigator has found
that In some old documents, dating
back to the Twelfth cegtury, his quartz
light photographs showed the original
wording, which had later been changed
in a still legible Ink. Buch a decipher
ing of old manuscripts which hereto
fore have not been readable ought to
add greatly to oar knowledge of other
days.
In the present, when many old manu
scripts are being discovered, this proc
ess Is Invaluable.
In photographing subjecta with in
tense contrasts the difficulty of secur
ing the.required amount of detail in
the shadow without getting overdensity
In the high lights la a common experi
ence. Tbe nse of films makes it pos
sible to overcome this difficulty by a
simple expedient. Two negatives are
made —one for high lights with a short
exposure and the other fully timed for
the shadows. The parts desired in
each negative are then coated with
celluloid varnish and the remainder re
moved with the well known red prua
alate and hypo reducer. When these
two negatives are superposed in reg
ister their combined effect la that of a
properly timed negative. The method
is, of coarse, one requiring some dex
terity In the blocklng-out process and
is restricted to films of negligible
thickness.
He Should Worry.
A Jew who had borrowed money
from a friend used to walk up and
down his bedroom night after night till
he nearly drove his wife crasy.
After he had been at It about s week
she said to him: “Moses, vy do you
valk up and down de room all de
nlghtr
He sgld: “I.valk up and down de
room, Rebecca, because I am so vor
rled. I owe leases $lO and I cannot
pay him."
“Veil," said his wife, “If I vos you
I should go back to bed and let Isaacs
valk up and down his room. It's hts
vorry, ain't ItT*
Bins Tree of Great Span.
The spreading pine of Karasakl, on
the shore of Lake Blwa, Japan, was
one of the best known trees of tbs
world, and one of the oldest It was
only 80 feet high, but It hsd a span of
154 fast for many years It was visit
ed by pilgrims, and tourists from other
countrlqs made a point to see It Re
cently a solemn ceremony was conduct
ed by a high priest In the presence of
many other priests to transfer the
spirit of this 1400-year-old tree to a
youthful descendant of 800 years,
which sapling will receive the honors
Isng accorded to the sacred pine.
Organizations
To Assemble
At The Sanhedrin
Over 500 Delegates Expect to
Assemble, Says Simmons
in Comment
Chicago, 111.—The Lincoln League,
political, national, representative,
practical and daring, has completed
arrangements for a mammoth session
In Chicago, February 11th and 13th.
Postmaster Oeneral Harry S. New
will represent President Coolidge at
the session. Hon. John T. Adams,
chairman of the Republican national
committee, will be a special gu<.st of
honor, and will bring a message of
political hope, according to arrange
ments. United States Senator Medill
McCormick will deliver the address
on Abraham Lincoln, February 12.
Among other distinguished visitors
who will probably be present are Sen
ator George W. Pepper of Pennsyl
vania, who presented the resolution
in tbe Republican national committee
representing Southern representation,
and Frank H. Hitchcock of New York
and National Committeeman W. M.
Butler of Massachusetts.
According to Roscoe Simmons,
president of the Lincoln League,
more than 500 delegates and visitors
are expected from all over the United
States. There is a national commit
teeman from each state, according to
.lie organization, and the convention
will be made up of two delegates
from each congressional district, and
four delegates-at-large from each
state.
Robert R. Church of Memphis,
Tenn., is chairman of the executive
committee, Henry Lincoln Johnson
of Atlanta and Washington is secre
tary, Walter L. Cohen of New Or
leans, La., is treasurer and Perry
W. Howard of Mississippi and Wash
ington is legal adviser.
It is predicted that the attendance
at the ssesions will be larger than in
1920, when the organization brought
together the most representative
group of men and women ever assem
bled for the consideration of political
advancement. Next to the Repub
lican national convention, there is
more interest shown in the Lincoln
League sessions than in any other
national political gathering.
Subjects of nation-wide interest
will be presented before the conven
tion for consideration and action.
Among them will be:
1. Migration and Its Political In
fluence.
2. Best Methods to Defeat Class-
Legislation.
3. Jim Crow Cars.
4. Colored Americans and Polit
ical Parties.
5. Congressional Election.
6. Politics and Industrial Oppor
tunity.
The day sessions of the convention
will be held in South Park Methodist
Episcopal church, and the night ses
sions in Greater Bethel A. M. E.
church. Robert S. Abbott ia chair
man of the local Lincoln League
committee, and Phil A. Jones chair
man of the committee of arrange
ments.
SHORT CUTS
This is the time for a “We did it”
chorus, rather than for an "I did it”
solo.
There were 3,682 patients admitted
and 2,338 surgical operations per
formed last year at Freedmen’s hos
pital.
Dr. W. T. Merchant of Louisville
will be one of Kentucky’s “Big Four"
at the Cleveland convention.
Philadelphia can at least boast of
having more colored centenarians
than either New York or Chicago.
Harry Wills has been offered $300,-
000 by tfex Rickard for twawbouts
next summer, with Firpo and Demp
sey.
Approximately 93 per cent of the
Detroit colored males, 10 years of age
and over,- are gainfully employed.
Colored farmers In Halifax County,
North Carolina, are making splendid
progress with the aid of their Farm
Loan Association.
Baltimore has almost as many 1111-
terata colored persons, 10 years of
age and over, as New York, Chicago
and Philadelphia combined.
There are more colored effauffeurs
In Pennsylvania than in any other
state. New York ranks in second
place, followed by Virginia, Georgia,
the District of Columbia and Mary
land.
(By the Associated Negro Press)
Larget Than 1920
(Lincoln News Service)
PASSENGER TRAIN SAFEST PLACE
FOR FIFTY MILLION TRAVELLERS
Great Northern Railway Establishes Remarkable Safety Record
By Transporting Thousands of Peisons Daily for Six
Years Without a Single Fatality.
St Paul, Feb. I—Nearly fifty million
passengers were carried on Great North
ern railway trains more than four billion
miles during the last six years without a
single one being killed, it was disclosed
here today in the annual report of C. L.
LaFontaine, general safety superintend
ent
The unique record, attributed to the in
tensive safety work conducted by the
Great Northern, finds no duplicate in the
reports of any other Northwest railroad.
Officials of the transcontinental system
commended the care given by employes
to assure maximum safety in the opera
tion of passenger trains as one of the
major factors making possible this rec
ord.
Millions of dollars are spent every
year in keeping locomotives and cars,
rails and road-bed and safety appliances
in first-class working order to permit the
rapid movement of trains with a maxi
mum of safety to passengers, executives
also emphasized. Indicative of the large
investment made to protect passengers
and employes is the annual report of C.
A. Dunham, signal engineer, which
shows approximately $7,000,000 spent for
safety appliances. An additional $1,000,-
000 will be spent this year to extend au
tomatic block signaling, for automatic
train control and for other safely de
vices.
GREETINGS
TO THE
The NORTHWESTERN
BULLETIN-APPEAL
ON ITS
SECOND ANNIVERSARY AS
A WEEKLY NEWSPAPER
Compliments of
DR. L. R. HILL. E. A. STARKS,
Surgeon-Dentist, 1656 Grand Ave.
303 Court Block.
SAMUEL RANSOM,
DR. J. WIALTON CRUMP, 294 No. St. Albans St.
Physician and S trgeon, nnnwv
306 Court Block. o^VV, ILI l E RROWN
-305 Rondo St.
J. LOUIS ERVIN, oaMTTEL WRIGHT
Attorney at Law. SAMUEL WRIGHT,
309 Court Block. 689 Arund el St.
DR. JOHN R. FRENCH. XHSSaw,
Surgeon-Dentist. 2628 Snelling Ave.
2 Detroit Bldg. Minneapolis.
UI 73 < 9 V^VabwXa T St RY SHOP> Anthony Ave.
FRANK HOWARD RICHARD STOKES,
Rondos? 603 “•
E FAULKNER SAM WILLIAMS,
m StASny A*.. ,13 “• A “ lh “'
M A ROT . NOBLES HAUSER.
‘AJSBSU 257 Rondo Bt.
W B DAVIS 88 • A* BROOKS,
«U Rocdo St. 257 Rondo St
ARTHUR STONE, St
Interior Decorator, 311 Wabaßha st
,177 E. Acker St. KELLEY TURNER,
THBO. RUFFNER, • ’ Agent for Oakland 6.
762 Iglehart St. CHAS. MILLER,
THOS. WOODFORD, Se * - Bt * Jamea A- Ml E- Church *
928 E. Lawson St. GEORGE W. HAMILTON,
rfrt ft i is Attorney at Law,
305 Court Block.
579 Wabasha St JOHN LaCOSTE,
c. l. McCullough, 1119 A ">-
3648 Columbus Ave. C. L. LOGAN,
Minneapolis. 379 Carroll Ave.
ELMER H. CARTER.
Sec. Urban League.
—when you read
The
Bulletin
Appeal
You Get the Happenings All Over the United States
Everybody Is Reading the Bulletin-Appeal . Why?
Every Issue
Contains Real Live News
r vj ./* *. V rX% 0
“The safety showing of the Great
Northern at the end of the six-year peri
od is a splendid tribute to the army of
employes, particularly those engaged in
the handling of trains, and emphasizes
the exceptional efforts being made by the
company to keep passengers in less dan
ger of injury actually than they are on
the ‘ streets of the average city,” said
Superintendent LaFontaine. ■.
During the last six years, Great North
ern 'trains carried 47,022358 passengers
an average of 85 miles each without a
single fatality. This is an aggregate pas
senger movement of 4,012,023,277 miles.
Safety appliances maintained by the
Great Northern at a cost of $1,200,000 a
year exclusive of new equipment, in
cludes approximately 1,900 miles of au
tomatic block signals, interlocking plants,
crossing bells and wig-wags, illuminated
crossing signals and related equipment
which cost the company $6,500,000. In
1924 automatic block signals will be in
stalled over sections of trackage exceed
ing 200 miles and 120 miles of track will
be equipped with train control devices
which will automatically halt a train
should it enter a block already occupied
by another train.