The Catholic bulletin. [volume], February 25, 1911, Image 4

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CathotifJfefe^uIletin.
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REV. JAMES M. REARDON,
Editor.
JOSEPH W. BLANCHARD,
AMERICA S CATHOLIC POPU
LATION.
Elsewhere we publish the sta
tistics of the Catholic Church in
America furnished by the advance
sheets of the Official Catholic Di
rectory. It places the Catholic
population at 14,618,761. This is
considerably higher than the num
ber given by H. K. Carroll, who,
It is claimed, compiled the sta
tistics of the different churches in
the United States from reliable
sources. He assigns to the Cath
olic Church a membership, of
12.321,746.
How account for this differ
ence? The non-Catholic churches
reckon among their followers only
those who are communicants and,
in accordance with this method of
computing membership, Mr. Car
roll gives only the number of com
municants of the Catholic Church.
This excludes, of course, infants
and children who are not regard
ed as communicants. The Federal
Census Bureau makes this distinc
tion. also, as is evidenced by the
fact that it adds a note to its
tables to the effect that only com
municants are enumerated, that
fifteen per cent is deducted from
the total for infants and children.
The Catholic Church, however,
counts its members not by com
municants but by souls. And if
we add fifteen per cent to the num
ber given by Mr. Carroll we get
14,170,007,
which still falls below
that given by the Official Direc
tory. The latter is more nearly
correct, as it obtains its data from
the Chancery Offices of the differ
ent dioceses in America.
But? even the number given by
the Catholic Directory is believed
be much lower than the actual
Catholic population. Some years
ago an investigation was made un
der the direction of the Most Rev
erend Archbishop Glennon of St
Louis which disclosed the fact that
tte actual number of Catholics in
America is much greater than that
given in the Directory. When we
take into account immigration
and natural increase, this number
appears to be too small and ther
are those who say that, if the
]r,'/r"*?,"f"*'"f
Business Manager.
SATURDAY. FEBRUARY 25, 1911.
The observance of the lenten
fast and abstinence is a good dis
cipline even from the natural
point of view. How much better
it becomes when it is done for
Ood and the soul.
The Lenten Regulations pub
lished in this issue summarize
what the Church requires of her
children during this penitential
season. They constitute the test
of practical Catholicity for the
forty days beginning on Ash
Wednesday. Their observance is
an outward manifestation of the
interior spirit of penance which
religion aims to foster. Exemp
tion from the lenten fast must be
sought from one's confessor, who
alone is authorized, for sufficient
reasons, to commute it to some
other good work. No one is the
judge in his own case.
When King George V. of Eng
land opened Parliament on the
sixth instant he used, for the first
time, the Accession Declaration
as amended by act of Parliament
last year. It omits the offensive
reference to the essential articles
of Catholic belief contained in the
old form of the oath. It reads
as follows: "I, George, do sol
emnly and sincerely in the pres
ence of God profess, testify, and
declare that I am a faithful Pro
testant and that I will, according
to the true intent of the enact
ments which secure the Protes
tant succession to the Throne of
my Realm, uphold and maintain
the said enactments to the best
of my power according to law."
T'if
«,«y'w«i-r
truth were known, America's
Catholic population is not much
below eighteen millions.
If to this we add the number of
Catholics in the Philippines, Porto
Rico and the Hawaiian Islands,
the number reaches the grand to
tal of more than twenty-six
million Catholics who live under
the protecting folds of the Stars
and Stripes.
NOT METHOD, BUT DOCTRINE.
Methodism is beginning to see
the light, faintly, it i^ true, but
none the less surely, if we are to
judge from the fugitive utter
ances of some of its leaders which,
like straws, show how the wind
blows.
At a convention of Methodist
Episcopal Sunday Schools held
last week at Spokane, Rev. Dr.
E. Blake of Chicago declared:
"Every member gained by the
Methodist Episcopal Church in
1910 represents an expenditure
of $1,000 and a property invest
ment of $7,000." At that rate,
it costs money to add to the Meth
odist fold and this, no doubt,
accounts for the small net in
crease of a little more than one
per cent which took place last
year. Dr. Blake attributes this
small increase to "the old meth
ods of evangelism," whose weak
ness lies in this "that it makes its
main appeal to adults, when it
is a matter of fact that 85 per
cent of all conversions are under
18 years of age."
It may be questioned whether
or n6t this is the true explanation.
We suspect that the difficulty lies
much deeper, that it is to be
sought not so much in the method
of presenting religious truth as in
the content of that truth, in the
doctrine of the church itself.
Methodism has cut away from the
moorings and its followers are
beginning to realize that the husks
of old-time doctrines do not sat
isfy the spiritual needs of man.
With a solid foundation of dogma
on which to build, any church
which makes the efforts credited
to Methodism together with its
outlay in energy and money,
ought to secure a strong hold on
a large body of believers. What
is needed in this case is reversion
to primitive doctrine, not revision
of modern methods.
PERSECUTION IN RUSSIA.
About three years ago the Rus
sian government issued a decree
granting religious freedom to all
its subjects. It was hailed as the
omen of a brighter era in the his
tory of Russia. It was especially
welcome to the Catholic inhabit
ants of the realm of the Czar.
They had known bitter persecu
tion they had been subjected to
the assaults of bigotry and oppres
sion and they rejoiced at the
prospect of better days.
But the Catholic Church has not
benefited as much as it expected
from this ukase of toleration. Re
ligious persecution is still the por
tion of its children in Russia.
The character and extent of
these persecutions may be gleaned
from a letter recently published in
'La Correspondance de Rome"
which enters into details regard
ing the trials to which Catholics
have been subjected on account of
their faith. For example, priests
are condemned to fine and impris
onment for daring to bless the
marriages of converts from the
Russian Orthodox Church and to
baptize their children. The Rus
sian tribunals are overcrowded
with such cases. The pastor of
Zabludy was fined forty roubles
for baptizing the child of a mixed
marriage and the Abbe Walento
wicz for having heard the confes
sions of several persons who had
renounced the orthodox religion.
The Judicial Chamber of St. Pe
tersburg condemned a woman of
Vitebsk to two years' imprison
ment for having her child baptized
in the Catholic Church and the
priest who performed the cere
mony had to pay a fine of two hun
dred roubles and submit to other
indignities.
In many districts, as in that of
Chelm, the orthodox clergy instead
of respecting and trying to enforce
the edict of toleration, are unceas
ing in their efforts to extirpate
Catholicity.
When a new Catholic church was
erected in Minsk some time ago an
orthodox paper, the "Minskoie
Slowo,'' took occasion to complain
that, as a result of the policy of
toleration, Catholics would soon
have great influence in Russia if,
as in Minsk, they were permitted
to build a church whose spires
overlooked the town and rose to a
greater height than those of the
Orthodox Church! The same jour
nal deplored the passing of the
days when there was no tolera
tion and it can scarcely be doubt
ed that it voices the sentiments of
a majority of the orthodox Rus
sians.
Their animus towards Catholics
is seen in the treatment accorded
them as cdmpared with that shown
to the sects. The latter are allow
ed to flourish with little or no op
position. In fact, they are encour
aged to do so. When a new sect is
formed by seceeders from ortho
doxy it experiences no difficulty
in securing official recognition by
the government but when there is
question of converts to the Catho
lic Church red tape is invoked to
hamper them in their efforts- to
comply with the law.
How account for this difference
in treatment When an orthodox
Russian forms a new sect or joins
one already existing the govern
ment regards him as a fanatic
whose fanaticism is only increased
by persecution, until in the end, he
becomes an enemy of the state.
Consequently, they leave him
alone. The more the sects multi
ply, the more they weaken them
selves, while they rid the Orthodox
Church of a dangerous element,
the product, from a political point
of view, of a revolutionary cam
paign carried on along the lines of
rationalism and positivism. They
occupy themselves more with this
than they do with the Douma.
When converts to Catholicism
join the Church, they become
members of a world-wide organi
zation which rivals the Orthodox
Church and that fact alone is
enough to subject them to persecu
tion as enemies of the country.
Nor can it be said that this is
the attitude of a few bigoted ad
herents of orthodoxy and not of
the Government itself. Within a
few weeks the Government has
shown where it stands in this re
gard. It issued an order forbid
ding the transmission to the Hier
archy of the Catholic Church in
Russia of any Papal document
which does not first pass through
the hands of its officials—a flagrant
violation of the decree of tolera
tion, and an attempt to cut off all
communication between the Pope
of Rome and his followers in
Russia. One marvels that a coun
try like Russia would resort to
such petty annoyances to hamper
the spread of Catholicity among
its people. It is difficult to escape
the conclusion that the Russian
Government fears the growing in
fluence of the Church of Rome
within the territory under its
sway.
SYMPATHY FOR THE CR$g
TANS.
The New York Herald has made
its columns the medium for an
appeal to all Christians, and espe
cially to those of America, on be
half of their brethren in the Is
land of Crete. This island is un
der the domination of Turkey
and, it is said, persecution on ac
count of religion is not uncom
mon. Those who sympathize with
the Cretans fear the influence of
Moslem rule and they desire to
see the island annexed to Greece.
As a means to this end, they sug
gest that the European powers
intervene and secure from Turkey
a guarantee of religious freedom
for the Christians of Crete.
Everyone sympathizes with ef
forts made to better the condition
of those who suffer on account
of their religion. But, in view of
what has already been said re
garding the condition of Catholics
in Russia, we see no reason why
Christian sympathy should not be
extended to the persecuted Cath
olics of Russia. As a matter of
fact, the Turk is far more tolerant
from the religious standpoint
than the Russian. We know how
the Catholic subjects of the Czar
are treated under the guise of re
ligious toleration. Why do not
those who are clamoring so loudly
for religious freedom for their
brethren in Crete include the
Catholics of Russia Why not try
to interest the European powers
in their behalf? Does the fact
that they acknowledge allegiance
to the Church of Rome place them
beyond the pale of the sympathy
and help of those who are so in
terested in the Cretans? These
are pertinent questions. We pause
for an answer.
THE CATHOLIC BULLETIN, FEBRUARY 25, 1911
(Continued from page i,)
DANGERS OF CITY LIFE.
Usually one may sum up the dangers
confronting her under two heads—
those confronting her on entering into
the city and those encountered during
her stay there.
Let me try to shed some light on the
manner in which most of the girls
from the farm make their entry into
the city. My Informant is connected
with the probation office in Minne
apolis and speaks, one may say, at
first hand, and from intimate knowl
edge of the facts and situations de
scribed.
Last spring, says this official, two
factory inspectors from the women's
department of the Bureau of Lafior
met the day trains coining into the
Union Depot of St. Paul during one
week. They kept an accurate count
of all the girls coming into the city
alone and the average was forty a day.
Most of these girls, as they them
selves testified, had no friends in the
city, knew of no place to stay and had
only a vague idea of how and where
employment might be obtained. Many
of these girls become the easy victims
of the human sharks that wait for
their prey at the gates of the railway
station. Hack drivers in the employ
of evil resorts are, in many instances,
the agents of Satan to carry these de
fenceless victims to the dens of in
famy, where no virtue or purity may
survive. There certainly should be
some supervision over the hack driv
ers at the different railway stations,
since daily evidence proves that many
of them are paid purveyors for infa
mous resorts.
In Minneapolis the Y. W. C. A. em
ploys two women at the depots whose
duty it is to meet the trains and direct
unprotected girls to proper boarding
places. The Pillsbury Boarding Home
will give girls good rooms and board
for $3.50 «, week but it is full to
overflowing and has a long waiting
list.
In St. Paul there Is only one board
ing home conducted by some mission
ary society and known as the Young
Women's Friendly Association. This
is an old-fashioned house with no sit
ting room, no baths and no lights in
the girls rooms. As far as the writer
knows there is no home or boarding
house under Catholic auspices either
in St. Paul or Minneapolis for unpro
tected Catholic girls coming into the
cities.
What about the work the average
girl from the country can do? The
majority of these girls do not want
to do house work and are too inex
perienced to get work in a factory.
They usually obtain employment as
chambermaids or waitresses in cheap
hotels or restaurants. Many of them,
instead of applying to the State Free
Employment Bureau, go to private
employment agencies where they are
often swindled out of their little
money. A case came to my inform
ant's notice a few days ago which
shows how unscrupulous some of these
agencies are. A girl fresh from the
country went to one of them and after
paying a dollar was given a place as
chambermaid at a lodging house. After
spending a day in this situation she
discovered that it was a very low place
and she went back to the employment
office, telling the manager that she
could not remain there. He told her
that, if she would pay him another
dollar, he would secure her a good
place. This she did, and was directed
to a restaurant of very much the same
character as the lodging house. Of
course she soon found that she could
not keep this place and she again went
to the employment office where she
was mulcted of another dollar for a
third place. She paid her third and
last dollar but did not secure an
other decent situation and was finally
compelled to apply to the Free Em
ployment Bureau for work. Cases like
this or worse could be enumerated by
the score.
When a girl goes to work in a res
taurant she cannot possibly earn mor©?
than six dollars in tne beginning and
while she gets her meals at her place
of employment, she has her room
rent to pay and can save little or noth
ing out of her miserable weekly wages.
In the factories, inexperienced girls
can earn very little, and for the first
year their average weekly wage is lit
tle more than five dollars. These girls
say they can live on about three dol
lars a week. This is counting $1.50
for rent of room, and $1.50 for food.
Of course all the girls cook their own
meals. Living on $1.50 per week
means as one of the girls remarked,
that they must "cut out meat and
potatoes." Their lunches generally
consist of bread, butter and cheese.
There is very little left for clothing
and the girls must resort to the "dol
lar down and a dollar a week houses."
They often pay twice what the gar
ment is worth and most of the time
are paying for their clothing long
after it has been discarded. In case of
sickness, their condition becomes truly
deplorable for needing proper nurs
ing and medical care and without any
resources they soon become public
charges.
In the laundries the weekly wage is
very little higher than in the restau
rants and ordinarily not so high as
in the factories and the work is very
much harder. The worst moral condi
tions exist in the cheap restaurants
and laundries. The girls are so de
pendent on their positions that it is
difficult for them to expose these im
moral conditions without tarnishing
their own reputations and losing their
positions. The proprietors of the
cheap restaurants urge the girls to
encourage the attentions of men pat
rons in order to attract a more lucra
tive trade. It is very easy for these
girls, in fact it is only one step to a
bad life, and many of them sooner or
later find themselves in the police
courts and correctional institutions
The vast majority of the girls who
are brought into the police court of
Minneapolis are from the country and
come to the city with the same idea,
namely, to find easy work and good
wages. The girl born and brought
up in the city generally knows how
to take care of herself a great deal
better than her raw and unsophisticat
ed country sister.
The above information about the
usual fate of the country'girl who
comes into the city is not all the
writer possesses by any means but
enough has been written to serve as
a wholesome warning to girls out of
the cities to stay where they are. At
least, a girl should never come to the
city if she has not a definite object in
view, a good home selected, some re
spectable friends with whom she may
associate, and good credentials as well
as a little money to start her decently
in her city life.
Yet when all advice is given to a
girl about how to begin life in a big
city, the counsel given in the fore
going paragraphs remains the best of
all. Stay where you are. You will
live a healthier, happier and more vir
tuous life, where no insidious tempta
tions lurk to destroy you, and you can
breathe God's untainted air in your
own childhood's home, and among sur
roundings which, in sprte of their al
leged humdrum monotony, are safest
and best for you.
(Continued from page i.)
LENTEN REGULATIONS.7
ered in special cases, for good and
sufficient reasons, indicated or sug
gested in Catholic theology, to com
mute the precepts of fasting and ab
stinence to other penitential works.
In enjoining upon the faithful the
precepts of fast and abstinence, Holy
.Church is mindful of the evangelical
law of self-denial, of which the Savior
and His Apostles were, by example and
by word, most eminent teachers.
Without self-denial there is no Chris
tianity. Indeed, without self-denial
there is no natural morality. The man
who has not acquired by habit the pow
er of self-restraint will not be victori
ous over sin amid the storms and
temptations of life which all are com
pelled to encounter.
The observance of the fasts and ab
stinences prescribed by the Church is
taken as a public and fearless profes
sion of Catholic faith. He who, with
out sufficient or obvious reasons, eats
meat or takes his usual meals when
abstinence or fast is enjoined, be
comes an occasion of scandal, and is
not accepted as a practical Catholic.
Let Catholics, therefore, have the
courage of self-denial for the sake of
Christ and of their own souls, and be
on their guard lest by their acts scan
dal be given, and the fair name of their
religion be dishonored.
During Lent pastors will hold spe
cial exercises of devotion in their sev
eral churches at appointed times. In
structions of a practical character up
on the Christian duties, the nature of
the sacraments, and the preparation
for their reception, should be given on
those occasions.
The devotion of the Way of the
Cross will be observed, if at all pos
sible, in all churches and chapels on
the Friday evenings throughout Lent.
JOHN IRELAND.
Archbishop of St. Paul.
Whatever collection is taken up !n
churches on Good Friday is, as usual,
according to a letter of the Holy Fa
ther, to be applied in aid of the fis
sions of Palestine.
St. Paul, February 27,1911.
The foregoing "Lenten Regulations"
are the same for the Dioceses in the
Province of St. Paul.
THE CHURCH IH AMERICA
Statistics Show Great Growth in Cath
olic Population, in Number of
Church and Schools—Minne
sota Has Nearly Half a
Million Catholics.
There are 14,618,761 Catholics in the
United States, according to advance
proofs of the 1911 Official Catholic Di
rectory published by the M. H. Wilt
zius Co. of Milwaukee and New York
—a gain of 271,734 over the totals pre
sented a year ago.
If the number of Catholics in the
Philippines, Porto Rico and the Ha
waiian Islands is added the grand total
of Catholics under the stars and
stripes would be 22,886,027.
The figures given in the Directory
are in no way exaggerated and although
the United States Religious Census of
1906 credits the faith with only 12,
079,142, the difference can be account
ed for, as the Census Bureau deducted
15 per cent for infants and children,
counting only communicants. In ad
dition to this the United States Gov
ernment report was made up in 1906,
four years ago.
The Wiltzius Company uses only
the figures Received from the Chan
cery Offices bf the various Dioceses,
and, according to the American Ec
clesiastical Review, the Directory is
accurate as fair as it can be made so
and shows evidence of an unusual ex
penditure of care and labor.
A glance through the 1911 Directory
shows that there are if ,084 Catholic
priests in continental United States,
12,650 being secular Clergy and 4,434
being members of the various Reli
gious Orders. Conpparing the number
of Clergy with last gear's report it will
be seen that there Was a gain of 534.
Among the Hierarchy there have
been very few deaths during the year,
the number of Archbishops being
twelve since the death of the vener
able Philadelphia Prelate and the num
ber of Bishops having increased from
88 to 97. Quite a number of vacant
sees were filled during the year and
several Auxiliary Bishops appointed.
According to the Wiltzius publica
tion there are in this country 9,017
churches with resident priests and
4,441 mission churches, that is,
churches which are supplied from
neighboring parishes. The grand total
of churches is 13,461. jThis shows a
gain of 257 churches during the past
year.
Another interesting teet of figures
found in the Directory show that Cath
olic education is not neglected in this
country. The 1911 Directory gives a
list of 4,972 parochial schools with an
attendance of 1,270,131. A healthy gain
is shown in the number of school chil
dren, last year's school attendance be
ing 1,237,251. In addition to the 4,972
parochial schools there are 225 col
leges for boys and 6&6 academies for
girls, proving that institutions for
higher learning are not wanting
among Catholics of this country.
There are, furthermore, 82 ecclesias
tical seminaries with 6,969 aspirants
to the holy priesthood.
DOMAIN OF TEMPEBANCE.
DRINKING ON THE INCREASE
Statistics Show That the Habit Is
Gaining in America.
Simultaneously with the announce
ment that our total population in the
home land and its colonies has passed
the 100,000,000 mark, comes another
official announcement, says the Chris
tian Herald, which causes a thrill of a
different character. According to the
figures of the Internal Revenue Bureau
the fiscal year lately ended has been
marked by the largest consumption of
liquors ever known in this country.
Of distilled spirits 165,000,000 gallons
have been consumed, being 30,000,006
gallons more than last year. During
the same time 59,485,117 barrels of
fermented liquor have been consumed,
being an increase of 3,000,000 barrels
For many years we have been gather
ing to ourselves a vast foreign popula
tion. For the last half decade our an
nual immigration has averaged three
quarters of a million at the port of
New York alone. This big army »f
newcomers has brought with it the
drinking customs of the Old World,
and it will not be until the second gen
eration that they can be hopefully con
verted to the modern scientific tem
perance view. Another cause of the in
crease is that our government still al
lows liquor to be carried into and
through "dry" states, regardless of the
will of the people, thus spreading the
evil of intemperance.
BEWARE OF THE ONE GLA8S.
In the one glass lurks a world of
evil. Even one glass disturbs the quiet
and natural working of the human sys
tem, and is sure to produce a certain
amount of intoxication. But we should
look at its tendency, to see the delu
sion and danger involved in this one
glass.
It is the one glass at dinner or sup
per or for medicine that has gradually
created a liking for the liquor on the
part of thousands, and which has en#
ed in their ruin.
It is the one glass at the public
house which leads to a second and a
third, and which with millions ends In
drunkenness, with all its terrible'cofih
sequences.
It is the one glass ordered by tie
doctors to delicate persons that creates
the appetite for stimulants, which nev
er give real strength and often lead the
poor sufferer to excess.
It is the one glass, taken at the so
cial board, or at the bar parlor, or at
their father's table, that has led to the
dissipation of so many young men, al
most to the heartbreaking of their
parents.
It is the one glass on the part of
many tradesmen that leads to their ex
pensive habits and to the neglect and
mismanagement of their business7 end
ing too often in insolvency and ruin.
If people would calculate the dread
ful consequences lurking in the one
glass, they would dash it from them
as their greatest foe.
Every case of drunkenness begins
with the one glass, and suicides, mail
slaughters and murders proceed from
this same cause.
Behold the degradation of the female
sex through intoxicating liquors! This
all commences with the one glass.
The publicans know the power of
the one glass. Persons never say,
"Come, let us go in and have two
glasses," but the one becomes two, and
the two becomes a day's drinking la
numberless instances.
What a mistake for persons to say,
"One glass will do nobody harm." A
single spark has fired many a fine
building and destroyed millions' worth
of property.
There is no good either in the first
or second glass, and therefore shun it
as you would your greatest enemy.—
Everybody's Monthly.
SOBRIETY A GUARANTEE OF
REVENUE.
Many good people, zealous for the
public welfare, worry themselves un
necessarily about the sources of muni
cipal revenue in the event of that
from the liquor traffic being cut oft.
No one questions the statesmanship of
Gladstone and his foresight in provid
ing the funds necessary for the coil
duct of public affairs. On the subject
of liquor revenue he once said:
"Gentlemen, you need not give yotk?
selves any trouble about the revenue.
The question of revenue must nevtir
stand in the way of needed reforms
but give me a sober population, not
wasting their earnings in strong drink,
and I shall know where to obtain the
revenue."
Including the children in parochial
schools, the young men and women
in colleges and academies and the or
phans and infants in the 285 asylums,
the total number of children being
cared for in Catholic institutions
amounts to 1,482,699.
The twenty-five states in the UqioB
having the largest number of Cath
olics according to the Directory are
as follows: New York ranks highest
with 2,758,171 Pennsylvania is sec
ond, having 1,527,239 Illinois follows
in third place with 1,446,400 Mass*
chusetts is fourth with 1,380,921 OhiO
stands fifth having 694,271 Louisiana
boasts of 557,431 the state of Wiscon
sin has 540,956 Michigan, 536,10f
New Jersey, 495,000 Missouri, 452,701
Minnesota, 441,081 California, 391,
500 Connecticut, 378,854 Texas, 293,
917 Maryland, 260,000 Rhode Island,
251,000 Iowa, 242,109 Indiana, 22 J,
978
Kentucky, 147,607 New Mexico,
127,000 New Hampshire, 126,034
Maine, 123,547 Nebraska, 122,510
Kansas, 110,108 Colorado, 99,485.
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