The Catholic bulletin. [volume], May 24, 1913, Image 8

About The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995

Image provided by: Minnesota Historical Society; Saint Paul, MN

                
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1. How do people know that there
Is a Purgatory? 2. Why do children
have to suffer if they die before they
are baptized? 3. Why does the priest
drink wine during the sacrifice of the
Mass and not also the people? 4.
What good does it do a person to pray
the Rosary?
1. Our knowledge of the existence
of Purgatory is derived from the teach
ing of the Catholic Church, which is
based on Holy Scripture and tradition,
and also from the dictates of right
^reason which postulate a middle state
QUESTION «sr!j.'iuS^ANSWER.
In the world to come in which the
souls of those who die in venial sin,
or without having satisfied God for
the temporal punishment due to their
tins, are cleansed and purified before
being admitted to heaven. In the
pages of Holy Scripture there are
many references to this middle state
or place of temporary exile from
heaven, and the Church has always
regarded its existence as a necessary
provision of God's mercy for the ben
efit of erring mankind. Our knowl
edge of the immaculate purity required
in a soul that enters heaven, as well
as our conception of the condition of
the damned, make it easy for us to
realize the necessity of a purgatorial
state of purgation in the other world
tor souls that are unfit to enter heaven
and yet too pure for hell. 2. The
Catholic Church does not teach that
'children who die without baptism are
made to suffer in the other world.
In this department, questions of general interest in regard to religion will be
answered each week in the order in which they are received. All communi*
cations'must be signed, though the name will not be published. Address:
"^Question and Answer", car*. The Catholic Bulletin, 315 Newton Bldg., St. Paul.
1. In a Catholic marriage can one
•f the contracting parties have both
brother and sister as witnesses? 2.
.Does a person make his Easter duty
If he goes to Communion within the
allotted time but does not mention or
Offer it as his Easter duty?
1. Yes. 2. A person performs his
Easter duty if he receives Holy Com
munion at any time during the Pas
cal season whether he intends it as
Ids Easter Communion or not.
1. Is it proper to rise when the
fffiest stands to go to the altar after
the Gloria and Credo, or should the
congregation remain seated until he
turns and says "Dominus Vobiscum?"
& Can a person make his Easter
duty outside his own parish?
1. The rubrics prescribe that the
congregation be standing when the
priest turns to the people after the
Gloria and Credo and says Dominus
Vobiscum. Hence, if they do not rise
when the priest arises to go to the
altar they should do so soon there
after in order that they may not be
seated or in the act of rising when
the priest salutes them with the words
"Dominus Vobiscum." 2. A person Is
not required to make his Easter duty
in his own parish. He can make it in
any church he may chose.
1. In case one wants to say his
penance soon after he has gone to
Confession, but has forgotten it, what
is to be done? 2. If one has been
given a certain litany for his penance
but forgets which iitany it is, what is
he to do in such a case? 3. If he re
members his penance, but when he
goes to say it is so conscientious and
scrupulous that he says it over and
over again, always thinking he has not
said it properly and thus saying it
many times more than the confessor
told him to do, is he making a worthy
confession?
1-2. If the penitent forgets the pen
ance imposed upon him by the con
fessor he is excused from fulfilling
any penance, as he is not bound to
confess the same sins a second time
and cannot substitute another pen
ance of his own choosing for the one
he has forgotten. He is not the min
ister of the Sacrament and has no
authority to impose, even on himself,
a sacramental penance. The penitent
•hould pay strict attention to hat the
confessor says and try to remember
the penance given him, but if he for
gets it there is no prayer that he
can substitute for it. It is always well
to say the penance as soon as con
venient after confession and while
one is in the state of grace. 3. The
manner in which one says the pen
ance imposed upon him by the con
fessor does not in any way effect the
worthiness of the confession.
Since baptism is the door to the super
natural life, it follows that children
who die without having received this
Sacrament are excluded from heaven
and the supernatural vision of God,
Jwit this privation does not carry with
II any suffering, for the little ones
most likely do not even know there
it such a thing as the Beatific Vision.
They know God by a natural knowl
edge and love and that satisfies for
their natural happiness. They do not
feel the pain of loss experienced by a
soul raised to the supernatural plane
and which, by its own act, has been
deprived of the sight of God and the
happiness of the blessed. Nor do
they suffer the pain of sense,
since they are not guilty of
any actual Bin. 3. During the
Mass the priest partakes of the
Precious Blood, under the form of
wine, in order to complete the sacri
fice which he offers up. The people
nowadays do not receive Holy Com
munion under the form of bread and
wine but of bread alone. The Church
had good reasons for changing the
custom which obtained in other days
Of giving Communion to the people
under the form of bread and wine.
Since the entire Christ, His body and
blood, soul and divinity, are present
nnder the form of bread, as well as
under the form of wine, the people
who receive Holy Communion under
the form of bread alone, receive the
entire Christ with all His gifts and
graces and, therefore, they are not de
prived of any of the graces attached
to the worthy reception of Holy Com
munion by reason of the fact that
they do not receive it nnder the form
of wine, as well as under the form of
bread. 4. What good does it do to
«ay any praper? Prayer is necessary
tBr salvation. Christ commanded us
to ask of Him the graces and bles-
iM
sings we need and He taught us how
to pray. The rosary is a form of
prayer in honor of the Blessed Virgin
Mary which has been enriched by the
Church with many indulgences and
for that reason it is a prayer which
is very dear to the heart of Catholics.
Thos who say it devoutly receive many
graces which it would be difficult for
them to obtain in any other way.
When a person is making a mission
can reserved sins be forgiven in one
confession or does the priest have to
have special permission from the
Bishop?
When sins are reserved confessors,
whether missionaries or not, must re
ceive the necessary faculties to ab
solve. As a general rule, application
must be made in each particular case,
though, sometimes, missionaries are
given more general faculties.
(Coutinued from Pa?ei)
THE EUCHARIST: THE BOND OF
FAMILY UNITY.
A family life built up on these prin
ciples is a life that will surely be
passed in the love and fear of God. It
will not be exempt from fault it may
be tried by illness, by sorrow, by
temporal misfortunes it may be
rudely disturbed and rendered incom
plete, here below at least, by the hand
of death, but it will still possess the
essentials of interior peace and resig
nation, no matter what trials may
assail it. There will be no place in
lives so ruled and ordered by Our
Lord Himself for the crimes and sins
which are destroying family life in so
many nations, the violation of the true
conditions of conjugal life, the seeking
of pleasure and gratification even to
the breaking of the marriage vows.
Respect for mutual rights, charity and
forbearance in asserting individual
claims, respect for parental authority,
and respect, no less, for the inviolable
independence of children in those
matters where it prevails, all these
things will come into existence, as it
were, spontaneously, when father and
mother and children are gathered fre
quently around the table of their Lord.
Regenerator of Society.
Nowhere, then, should loyal whole
hearted acceptance and observance of
the Papal decrees on early and fre
quent Holy Communion be more
strongly urged than on those about to
enter the holy estate of marriage, for
in their control, as far as their
opportunities extend, lies the ultimate
regeneration of society. And, if there
be some, who hear or read the words I
utter today, and who looking back on
many years of married life with still
unrealised hopes of a happy future
such as they conceived in the early
days of union, let them not lose heart.
The source of strength and mutual
support is still at their disposal. Let
them give now to our Divine Master
that place in their united lives which
He would gladly have occupied from
the beginning, if they had made Him
their ever-welcome Guest. They can
turn to Him now in sorrow for their
past remissness and neglect they can
acknowledge to Him the mistakes and
mischances of their lives they can
beg of Him the guidance that they
need. And most surely He, the Son
of Mary and the Foster-Son of Joseph,
who in His own Divine Person and in
the persons of those most nearly and
closely associated with Him has given
to us the perfect example of family
life, will bestow upon all those who
look to Him for support and consola
tion by approaching Him constantly in
the Sacrament of His love, the grace
to keep His law ever before their eyes
and to imprint it deeply on their chil
dren's hearts, and to pass it on un
sullied and intact to all the genera
tions that shall come after them.
"Blessed are all they that fear the
Lord, that walk in His ways. For thou
shalt eat the labors of thy hands: and
it shall be well with thee. Thy wife
as a fruitful vine on the sides of thy
house thy children as olive plants
round about thy table. Behold thus
shall the man be blessed that feareth
the Lord. May the Lord bless thee
out of Sion, and mayest thou see the
good things of Israel all the days of
thy life. And mayest thou see thy
children's children, peace upon Israel.''
Ps. 127.
ICELAND'S LAST
CATHLIC BISHOP
BISHOP JON ARASON GAVE HIS
LIFE FOR THE FAITH IN 1550—
HIS MONUMENT AT SKALHOLT
—FIRST BISHOP -CONSECRATED
IN 1056.
In a recent Sunday supplement of
the "Volkszeitung," of Cologne (1913,
No. 94), Dr. Sambeth, the German
army physician, who preferred to re
sign his commission rather than fight
a duel, tells of his visit to Skalholt, the
seat of the first and the scene of exe
cution of the last Catholic Bishop of
Iceland.
Skalholt is a little hamlet consisting
of a modest wooden church, a large
farm, the property of the district phy
sician, and a number of smaller farm
steads. Dr. Sambeth made the long
and difficult journey to this oasis in
the wilderness to see the monument
recently erected to the memory of Jon
Arason, the great Icelandic poet,
patriot and Bishop. The monument is
the gift of a Protestant lady of Scot
land, who is a frequent visitor in the
island and an enthusiastic admirer of
the martyr Bishop.
Almost every trace of Skalholt's
Catholic past has disappeared. The
Cathedral has long since fallen a prey
to the flames. A richly embroidered
vestment is still shown the tourist in
the little Protestant church that occu
pies the site of the ancient episcopal
church, and In the crypt of the ceme
tery chapel a number of relics of saints
are carefully stored away. A splendid
antipendium and a large chalice, orna
mented with enamel paintings, are
preserved in the museum in Reyk
javik.
v
First Bishop of Iceland Consecrated
in 1056.
It seems strange, to say the least,
that such an out-of-the-way place as
Skalholt should have been chosen as
the residence of the first Bishop of
Iceland, and yet the explanation is
very simple. By the memorable reso
lution adopted by the Althing, June
24, A. D. 1000, Christianity became the
legal religion of the island. Isleifur, son
of Gizur the Wise, though already far
advanced in years and the father of a
large family, was persuaded by his
countrymen to prepare for holy orders
and become their Bishop. He had
been educated in Germany, probably
in Hervorden, in Westphalia. In 1056
he was consecrated Bishop by St.
Adalbert of Bremen, with the express
consent of Pope Victor II. As he
possessed considerable property in
Skalholt, he chose the little village
for his episcopal residence. Thus
Skalholt became the religious centre
of the Icelandic Church. Fifty year#
later, in 1106, a second bishopric waa
established in the north of the island,
but Skalholt lost none of its well-de
served prestige. From Holar and
Skalholt the priceless gifts of divine
faith and Christian culture were scat
tered throughout the length and
breadth of the solitary island on the
confines of the Polar Circle. History
bears eloquent witness to the flourish
ing state of the Icelandic Church dur
ing the twelfth and thirteenth cen
turies. It was at this period that those
famous "Sagas" and •'Heimskringlas"
(histories) were written that still re
tain a foremost place in the literature
of Scandinavia.
Last Bishop Beheaded in 1550.
If Skalholt can boast of having wel
comed the first Bishop of Iceland, to
Holar belongs the honor of having
been the seat of the last, Jon Arason.
Arason ascended the episcopal throne
in 1524. Not long afterwards the
errors of Luther began to take root in
the southern part of the island. The
efforts of Christian III. of Denmark
and of the apostate Bishop of Skalholt,
Gizur Einarsson, had not been in vain.
Gizur was the successor of Oegmundur
Palsson, who had been induced to re
sign his office on account of age and
infirmity. When Oegmundur saw what
turn events were taking he tried Jo
seize the reins of government once
more. With fearless energy he every
where opposed the march of Lutheran
ism, and with good hope of success,
too, for the mass of the people was
with him, until he was taken prisoner
by the soldiers of Christian and car
ried away to Denmark and to prison.
Here he died in 1542, blind and with
the weight of more than fourscore
years upon him, but to the last mo
ment a faithful shepherd of his flock
and a true son of Holy Church.
Jon Arason and the inhabitants of
the Northland were not slow to recog
nize the danger that threatened their
faith and their liberty from the South.
They were determined to resist to the
utmost. In 1547 the Bishop wrote to
the Emperor Charles V. and to Pope
Paul III. The Sovereign Pontiff sent
him in reply an apostolical brief, in
which he commended the Bishop's
courage and zeal in defense of the
faith. On receipt of this writing
Arason called a meeting of his clergy
and solemnly declared that he was
prepared to die rather than prove un
faithful to the Holy See.
He kept his promise. Being not only
a churchman, but also a statesman
and warrior, he quickly succeeded in
organizing a strong military force to
oppose the armed invasion from the
south. In the autumn of 1548 Gizur
Einarsson was taken prisoner with
many of his followers, and the old
faith reigned supreme once more over
the greater part of the island. But
the triumph was destined to be but
short lived. Whilst preparations were
making to crush the last resistance
made by the Danish troops, the Bish
op was betrayed into the hands of his
enemies by a certain Dadi. He was
taken to Skalholt and, without even
the formality of a trial, beheaded
November 7,1550. On his way to exe
cution he met the traitor Dadi and
publicly forgave him. He died with
the same heroism that had ever distin
guished him in life.
His Monument.
The monument which marks the
place of his execution consists of twr
rough, almost unhewn blocks of Ice
landic basalt in an unpretentious in
closure. The outlines of an episcopa
mitre are chiseled into the uppe
block. The simple but touching in
scription reads:
"Jon Arason Biskup Ljet Hjer
Liflt Fyrir Tru Sina Og Aett lord
7. Nov. 1550."
("Here Bishop Jon Arason gave hit
life for his faith and his fatherland,
Nov. 1550.")
The memory of the great champioi
of the faith in Iceland is held in undy
ing honor not only by the little Cath
olic community of Reykjavik, but
every true Icelander as well. "Or
November 7, 1910," says Dr. Sambeth
"the third centenary (the Iceland!*
century consists of one hundred am
twenty years) of the death of our here
was solemnly commemorated in th
Catholic church of Reykjavik. Nearl
every official and dignitary of th
island was present at the High Mass
The catfalque was adorned with thi
red velvet cope which Paul III. hat
sent three hundred and fifty-eigh
years before to Jon Arason as a tokei
of his affection and admiration."
It may interest the reader to knov
that it was Jon Arason who introduces
the printing press into Iceland, anc
that the first books printed under hit
direction were a "Calendarium Ro
manum" and a "Breviarium Nedro
siense."
Is It preeumptuous to hope that Go
will in His mercy hear the prayers o
the last confessor Bishop of Skalholt
and of the last martyr Bishop o
Holar, and soon lead back to the tru
faith the island which they loved evei
onto death?
U" II! Iii{i), i ny|iyjn|ij ^pipi ,l.ii
THE CATHOLIC BULLETIN, MAY 24, 1913.
THE BLESSED
ViHCIN
PROTESTANT POETS PRAISE THE
MOTHER OF GOD.
I have no desire to drag myself or
my readers into a controversy, says a
writer in the Providence Visitor, and
the only object I have is to advance
my idea that even if unconsciously the
love of our Blessed Mother is in the
spirit of all men, for almost every
English Protestant poet has paid his
tribute to the Blessed Virgin and in
a strain so lofty in sentiment, so de
vout in expression, so unctuous in
prayerfulness, so haunting in pathos,
so redolent of spirituality, that even
the most sceptic and callous reader
cannot divest himself of its forceful,
fervid charm.,
Listen to Byron:
Ave Marie! 'tis the hour of prayer
Ave Maria! 'tis the hour of love
Ave Maria! may our spirits dare
Look up to thine and to thy Son's
above.
Ave Maria! oh, that face so fair,
Those downcast eyes beneath the
Almighty Dove!
Or Wesley's great biographer,
Southey:
They served a Maid more beautiful
than tongue
Could tell or heart conceive. Of hu
man race,
All heavenly as that Virgin was, she
sprung
But for her beauty and celestial
grace
Being one in whose pure elements
no trace
Had e'er inhered of sin or mortal
stain.
The highest heaven waa now her
dwelling place:
There as a Queen divine she held Iter
reign,
And there in endless Joy forever would
remain.
Or Wordsworth:
Mother! whose virgin bosom was un
crossed
With the least shade of thought to sin
allied
Woman, above all women glorified
Our tainted nature's solitary boast
Purer than foam on central ocean
tossed,
Brighter than eastern skies at day
break strewn
With fancied roses, than the unblem
ished moon
Before her wane begins on heaven's
blue coast,
Thy image falls to earth. Yet some I
ween,
Not unforgiven, the suppliant knee
might bend
As a visible power, in which did blend
All that was mixed and reconciled in
thee
Of mother's love with maiden purity.
Of high with fc*w, celestial with ter
rene.
Or Longfellow:
Virgin and Mother of o*r dear Re
deemer!
All hearts are touched and softened
at her name
Alike the bandit with the bloody hand,
The priest, the prince, the scholar and
the peasant,
The man of deeds, the visionary
dreamer,
Pay homage to her as one ever pres
ent,
And if our faith had given us nothing
more
Than this example of all womanhood,
So mild, so merciful, so strong, so
good,
So patient, peaceful, loyal, loving, pure.
This was enough to prove it higher and
truer
Than all the creeds the world has
known before.
Or Poe:
At morn. at noon, at twilight dim,
Maria, thus hast heard my hymn
In joy and woe, in good and ill.
Mother of God, be with me still.
Or the Episcopalian Keble:
Ave Maria! thou whose name
All but adoring love can claim,
Yet may we reach thy shrine!
For He, thy Son and Saviour, vows
To crown all lowly, lofty brows
With love and Joy like thine.
Or Kipling:
O Mary, pierced With sorrow,
I
Remember, reach and save
The soul that goes tomorrow,
Before the God that gave!
As each was born of woman,
T. S. 750 N. W. Cedar 2SZC
For each in utter neeJ,
True comrade and brave foeman,
Madonna, intercede!
But why continue? Orby Shipley,
who at one time was a collaborator of
the celebrated Dr. Littledale, as an
uncompromising foe of Catholicity, but
who by the grace of God became a de
vout Catholic, has compiled a Marian
anthology "Carmina Mariana" of
nearly 500 pages, in which the praises
of the Blessed Virgin are sung in al
most every key by the English-speak
ing poets.
NEW
SEMITE
GE«
FATHER LEPICIEJt ELECTED
HEAD OF THE SERVITE
ORBTER.
A cablegram received from Rome
last week by the members of the
Servite Order in America notified
them of the election of the Very
Reverend Alexis Lepicier of France
as General of the Order. For twenty
years the new General has been pro
fessor of Dogmatic Theology in the
Propaganda and is widely known
among the clergy of the United States,
many of whom studied under him.
HEADS STITE
The greater portion of the estate
of the late John E. O'Toole of Bal
timore, which is estimated to be
worth between $70,000 and $80,000 will
go to the St. Mary's Female Orphan
Asylum in Baltimore. Eventually the
remainder of the estate will come into
possession of the Orphanage as Mr.
O'Toole left no children to inherit his
wealth.
The will of the late Hugh Monaghan
of Charlottetown, P. E. I., bequeathes
$5,000.00 to the building fund of the
new St. Dunstan's Cathedral and
$2,000.00 for Masses for the repose of
tbe souls of himself, his wife and the
members of his family.
mm
FOB
SENATOR O'GORMAN WOULD
DECORATE SURVIVORS OF GET
TYSBURG.
Senator O'Gorman, of New York, has
introduced into the Senate a bill em
powering the Secretary of War to
give a medal to each surviving Union
and Confederate soldier of the Battle
of Gettysburg. The bill carries an ap
propriation of $30,000. The War De
partment states that about 104,000
Union soldiers and 67,000 Confederate
soldiers took part in the battle, about
thirty per cent tif whom we now
alive.
The nearer you come into relation
with a person, the more necessary do
tact and courtesy become.
i u
BOARD
FATHER O'RYAN OF DENVER
ELECTED PRESIDENT OF THE
COLORADO STATE BOARD OF
CHARITIES AND CORRECTIONS.
At the meeting of the Colorado
State Board of Charities and Correc
tions on May 13 the Reverend Wm.
O'Ryan, pastor of St. Leo's Church,
Denver, was elected President of that
organization to succeed Mrs. James
Williams. Father O'Ryan has been a
member of the board for some time,
having been appointed by Governor
Shafroth.
CENEROIISJEHUESTS
LARGE SUMS LEFT TO THE
CHURCH FOR SPIRITUAL AND
TEMPORAL WORK8.
The will of Agnes Barnum, of
Manchester, Mo., bequeathes more
than $100,000, or two-thirds of her
estate, to the Most Reverend Arch
bishop Glennon of St. Louis for re
ligious purposes. Her relatives say
that she never attended church.
SAINT PAUL
Tel. No. 12
Grand Opera House Block
Sixth and St. Peter Streets
vis ww rri rww
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Avoid boasting—a boaster generally
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4 1
BIII8SI
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