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SELECT READING, -4 "jQLEANlNGS G~2—B* ROMAN CATACOMBS A WITNESS OF HISTORY. On the 31st of May, 1578, a portion of the land over the catacombs of Priscilla on the Vio Salaria caved in, writes "Cornelius" in the "Marian." It was one of those apparent accidents, but real providential designs that changed the course of the current of things. The sun of heaven streamed for the first time into the subterranean chambers. The sun of truth irradiated therefrom. For when the debris was cleared away phials of martyrs' blood, instruments of martyrs' tortures, fres coes proving the invocation of saints, the devotion to the Blessed Virgin, the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, and many such irrefragable testimonies were found. God had listened long enough to the revilers of His Church. He now caused the earth to open and give up its dead treasures of truth to silence the declaiming falsifiers. Then commenced the period of res toration of the catacombs, the golden period whose sun has not yet reached its zenith. The discoveries of the noble men such as Bosio, Father Mar chi, Commendatore de Rossi and Mar rucchi, have made archaeology the handmaid of history and vindicated scientifically the traditions of the Church. They have proved to those that needed proof that the church of the catacombs is identical with the church of today, and made intelligent Protes tants admit that if the catacombs should give up their dead, and if it were given to the resurrected to come to pray among us they would come not to the cold, spiritless meeting house, but to the old, artistic, color loving, saint-making, Christ-founded church. They would see the same sac rifice offered in the same liturgical language. They would hear the same doctrine explained and see the same sacraments administered, the same honor paid to Mary, and the same deathless faith in the eucharistic presence of Mary's Son. MEDIEVAL JUSTICE TO THE WORKINGMAN. Probably no impression is common er at the present tim§, says James J. Walsh, M. D., of New York, than that by a process of evolution and" human development we have reached a num ber of practical conclusions as to life and living that never occurred to men before. Above all we are supposed to have advanced far* beyond the past in social ideas, and a great many people seem to think that this is the first time that any serious regard was paid to the working classes and that up to this they have been simply the pack horses of humanity for whom no bur den was too heavy, only such as would cripple their power to work and lessen their usefulness. It was not out of regard for them but out of regard for their utility to their masters that anything was done to lighten their condition in the past. There might be a sort of philanthropic feeling of humanitarianism on the part of the upper classes, somewhat the same as men have now, by correspond ing evolution, developed for the ani mals, but there was no feeling of real brotherhood, and above all, no effort to improve their condition because as men they had a right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, to a de cent living wage and to the means of living under such conditions as made it possible for them to be quite satis fled with existence and to bring up their children in good health and with opportunities to rise. Nothing could well be more false than any such impression. There have been many times in the history of hu manity when a true spirit of charity and brotherliness was widely diffused through mankind and when as a con sequence there was a great deal of happiness in the world. The medieval period is usually thought of as least likely to present any such incidents, and yet it is exactly there that social justice will be found most characteris tically exhibited. Ordinarily the word medieval is applied, by those who know no better, to anything that represents iflmoaitr Swttr? Compiled specially for The Catholic Bulletin LESSON LXXII. LEFT-OVERS. Maay chedp articles and "Left overs" when well seasoned and at tractively served may be just as appe tizing as dearer ones, and will usually he found quite as nutritious.- —Atwatar. USES FOR STALE BREAD. Dry Toast Cut stale bread into slices. Crust may or may not be taken off. Put slices in a toaster and place over the fire to dry, holding some distance from the coals turn and dry on the other side. Hold nearer and color a golden brown. Toast, if piled compactly and allowed to stand soon becomes moist. Toast may be buttered at table, or be fore sending to table. Toasted bread is considered to be more easily digest ed than fresh bread, because in toast ing, some of the starch is changed into dextrine (double sugar). Water Toast— Dip the toasted slices into boiling salted water, quickly tsp. salt to 1 c. water) using a fork. Spread with butter and serve. Milk Toast- Dip the toasted slices into White Sauce. When soft remove to serving dish. Pour remaining sauce over all. For six slices of toast use 1 pint White Sauce. T~ FOR THE FAMILY. IPAYSIDET the lowest depths of human conduct. I have recently pointed out how super ficially ignorant is that use of the ad jective medieval. The lowest depths of superstition in Europe came with the witchcraft delusion in the seven teenth and eighteenth centuries. The worst tortures were inflicted in the six teenth and seventeenth centuries. That is when the Virgin of Nuremberg and the famous iron boots and gloves were made and torture became a recognized part of legal procedure. Shackles were put on the insane in the eighteenth century, but not in the fourteenth and fifteenth. The worst hospitals were built in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries the medieval hospitals were beautiful. Nursing reached its lowest ebb about 1850. Medieval nursing and hospital care was a model. Medieval social conditions are well worthy of study. Urban Gohier, the French Socialist, writer and lecturer, while lecturing at Columbia University some years ago, emphasized the fact that the medieval workmen had suc ceeded in obtaining for themselves "the three eights"—eight hours of sleep, eight hours of work, and eight hours for recreation and the necessi ties of the body. He also reminded his hearers that in the Middle Ages there was a holiday absolutely free from work at least once in two weeks, and that they had the Saturday half holi day. The guilds established old age pensions, disability insurance, and in surance for losses by fire, by loss at sea, by highway robbery, from piracy, from the destruction of crops, and many other insurance features that are supposed to be quite modern in origin. Besides the guilds supplied opportuni ties for recreation for the masses. They organized plays and pageants in order to occupy leisure fruitfully, somewhat as we are beginning to do again now they supplied opportunities for education in the arts and crafts and even had the funds for the sending of particularly bright pupils, children of the guilds, to schools and the uni versities. Shakespeare went to a guild school, which in his time masqueraded under the name of an Edward VI grammar school, but Edward VI has no right to any credit for the school, which was established by the Stratford Guild of the Holy Cross, and main tained by its revenues. Not only did they have these practi cal applications of their belief in the rights of the working man, but they recognized exactly the abuses that were likely to develop, and some of them, the thinkers and writers, stated in no uncertain phrases what they thought of these abuses. There are no expressions in this regard any stronger than those of Sir Thomas More, who was afterwards Lord Chancellor of England. As a young man he saw very clearly just what the abuses were and stated them. There is a passage in his "Utopia" that remains eternally true as representing a tendency of men to abuse and take advantage of their fel low men. As a recent editor of More's "Utopia," Maurice Adams, in his intro duction to the volume in the Camelot series has said: "No modern reform er has uttered a more scathing con demnation of the existing economic system, or emphasized more strongly the right of the laborer to the prod uct of his industry, and the absolute dependence of the rich upon the poor, than this Lord Chancelor of Eng land." After speaking of the Utopian State as "that which alone of good right may claim and take upon it the name of commonwealth," Sir Thomas More continues: "Here now would I see, if any man dare be so bold as to compare with this equality (among the Utopians) the justice of other nations, among whom I forsake God, if I can find any sign or token of equity and justice. For what justice is this that a rich goldsmith or an usurer, or to be short any of them which either do nothing at all, or else that which they do is such that it is not very neces sary to the Commonwealth, should have a pleasant and wealthy, living, either by idleness or by unnecessary business, when in«the meantime poor laborers, carters, ironsmiths, carpen ters and ploughmen, by so great and continual toil as drawing and bearing beasts be scant able to sustain and "To know that which before us lies in daily life is the prime wis dom." —Milton. Cereal Toast Dip the toasted slices into hot cream Put in serving dish and pour on hot cream. Eggs a la Goldenrod— Prepare with toast, adding chopped whites of three hard cooked eggs to the sauce. Force the yolks through a strainer and sprinkle over the top German Toast— 3 eggs tsp salt 2 tbsp sugar 1 milk 8 slices stale bread. Beat eggs slightly, add sugar and milk: strain into shallow dish. Dip bread into mixture. Cook in a hot well greased pan or griddle, browning on one side then on the other. Serve for breakfast or luncheon. Crotons— Cut stale bread in inch slices and remove crusts. Spread thinly with butter. Then cut slices in inch cubes put in a pan and bake in a hot oven until delicately browned (or fry in deep fat). Serve with syrup. Imperial Sticks in Rings- Cut stale bread in inch slices, remove crusts, spread tMnly with but ter, and cut slices in inch strips and rings bake as crotons. After they are browned, arrange three sticks in each ring. Serve with soup. jifc -t Again so necessary toil that without it fao commonwealth were able to con tinue anJ endure one year, should get so hard and poor a living, and live so wretched and miserable a life, that the state and condition of the laboring beasts seem much better and health ier. And yet besides this the rich men not only by private fraud but also by common laws do every day pluck and snatch away from the poSr some part of their daily living. They invent and devise all means and manner of crafts, first how to keep safely without fear of losing that they have unjustly gathered together, and next how to hire and abuse the work and labor of the poor for as little money as may be. These devices, when the rich men have decreed to be kept and observed under color of the commonalty, that is to say, also of the poor people, then they be made laws. Therefore, when I consider and weigh in my mind all these com monwealths which nowadays anywhere do flourish, so God help me, I can per ceive nothing but a certain conspiracy of rich men procuring their own com modities under the name and the title of the Commonwealth." More was not only ready to think lib erally and to express himself fearless ly, but he was ready to die for his opinions, and did so calmly and with a smile on his lips. He is usually thought of as modern. He represents, how ever, the very culmination of medie valism touched by the spirit of the Renaissance, but as yet unspoiled by what has been with such egregious ef frontery called the reformation. He had the beautiful Christian spirit of the olden time. He was the only Lord Chancellor that cleared the docket of the Court of Chancery in England. Lord Chancellors after him down to and including Lord Bacon for a full century were almost without excep tion a disgrace to the woolsack and to English law. His "Utopia" is full of youthful vision of how the wrongs of men may be righted by -Christian charity and love of one's fellows. It is perhaps a visionary republic that he has pictured so fully, but no one has ever sketched a more sympathetically human plan of men's lives nor a com monwealth by which the great pro portion of mankind might find happi ness. When one reads More's 'Utopia" alongside of the sketches of supposedly ideal modern states, they are trivial compared to it. Plato, Au gustine and More represent a trinity of thinkers on human social problems that show us how old the new and new the old and how, whenever men faced problems if they are large enough to face them properly, they are always faced in about the same way. OUR OLD-FASHIONED MOTHERS. Thank God, some of us have, and others have had an old-fashioned mother. Not a woman of the period, enameled and painted, whose beauti ful, white, jeweled hands have never felt the clasp of baby fingers but a dear old-fashioned, sweet-voiced moth er, with eyes in which the love light shines and brown hair threaded with silver lying smooth upon her faded cheek. Those dear hands, worn with toil, gently guided our tottering steps in childhood and smoothed our pillow in sickness, even reaching out to us in yearning tenderness in affliction's dark hour, shielding us with her moth er love. Blessed is the memory of an old fashioned mother it floats to us now like the beautiful perfume of some woodland blossoms. The music of other voices may be lost, but the en trancing memory of her's will echo in our souls forever. Other faces will fade away and be forgotten, but hers will shine on until the light of heav en's portal shall glorify our own. When in the fitful pauses of busy life our feet wander back to the old home stead and cross the well-known thres hold, standing once more in the low, quaint room, as hallowed by her pres ence, how the'feeling of childish in nocence and dependence come over us and we kneel down in the moten sun shine streaming through the western window—just where, long years ago, we knelt by our mother's knee, lisping "Our Father." How many times when the tempter lures us on has the mem ory of those sacred hours, that moth er's words, her faith and prayers, sav ed us from sin. Years may have filled great drifts over between her and us, but they have not hidden from our sight the glory of her pure, unselfish love. Dear old-fashioned mother! CATHOLIC AMERICAN CHRONOLOGY Timely Record of Some Memorable Events in the Catholic History of America. By James A. Rooney. May 24, 1875—House of the Good Shepherd for girls established in Newark, N. J., by Bishop Michael Augustine Corrigan, who was con secrated May 4,1873. May 25, 1793—Ordination in St. Mary's Seminary, Baltimore, by the Right Rev. John Carroll, of the Rev. Stephen Theodore Badin, first priest ordained in the United States born at Orleans, France, July 17, 1768 pioneer missionary of Kentucky died at Cincinnati April 21,1853. May 26, 1790—Vicomte de Malartic and Marquis de Marnesia sailed from Havre with 139 French emi grants, including thirty of the no bility and Dom Peter Joseph Di dier, a Benedictine monk of St. Denis, Paris, to found a French colony in the Scioto Valley, Ohio arrived at Alexandria, Va., Aug. 2 the project proved an utter fail ure. May 27, 1894—St. Peter's Church, Pine Bluff, first church for Negro Cath olics in Arkansas, dedicated by the Right Rev. Edward Fitzgerald, Bishop of Little Rock. M*y 28, 1892—Death of the Right Rev. Patrick T. O'Reilly, first Bishop of Springfield, Mass., born in Ca- *'iJ THE CATHOLIC BULLETIN, MAY 30, 19i4. van, Ireland ordainetf at Boston by Bishop Bacon, of Portland, Aug. 15, 1857 consecrated Sept. 25, 1870 during his episcopacy the Catholic population more than doubled. May 29, 1796—Circular issued to the faithful by the Rev. Dr. Matthew Carr, O. S. A., notifying them that he is about to start building St. Augustine's Church, Philadelphia subscription book opened June 11 George^ Washington donated $50 Nov. 24 church dedicated June 1, 1801. May 30, 1908—Death of Louis Honore Frechette, poet, author, compan ion of the Order of St. Michael and St. George known as the Lamartine of Canada born at No tre Dame de Levis Nov. 16,1839 spent years in newspaper work in Chicago, and was secretary of the Illinois Central Railroad re turned to Canada in 1871 and re sumed writing his poetry won him fame abroad and admiration at home. v Copyright. THE CHILDREN'S HOUR. A WAYSIDE BAPTISM. Father Henry LeVeux, a White Fa ther in Nuandere, Africa, relates that one day as he was following a lonely path, he met a native woman holding something in her lubugo, or loose gar ment, that drew his attention, as did also her sad expression. "What is the matter?" he asked, "and what have you there?" "I have a sick child that I fear will die. I took him to the wizard doctor and he told me to bathe the little one in the magic fountain. I have come here to do so." Drawing near, the Father examined the tiny face, and saw that earthly remedies would be of no avail. "Where is the magic spring?" The woman pointed to a sparkling rivulet near by, and the Father, seeing to what good use it could now be put, ap proached and dipped his hand in the water. Then he sprinkled a few drops upon the forehead of the infant. At the same time he murmured the words that were to make this soul one of the elect in heaven. Happy incident! Within half an hour, shining with divine grace, spirit of the infant took its flight, a the missionary gave praise for good angel that had brought him thus opportunely to the magic spring. WHEN BEGINNING A BOOK. In reading a book it is well to look at the title page, and so make ac quaintance with the author. If you call at the house of a friend or stop at the door of a stranger, you do not omit the courtesy of saying, "Good morning." When you first open a book you introduced yourself to the author and say, "Good morning," by glancing at the title page. Next, you must look at the name at the foot of the title page. This will tell you by whom the book is published, and who chose the paper for it, had it printed and put it into an attractive binding. If there is a preface, read that before you read the story, and you will learn what the author meant to give you of pleasure or profit when writing the book. A MUSICAL TRAGEDY. Four music Sharps lived in a Flat, Though on a modest Scale They had no Staff of servants that Might serve to Brace this tale. To Stave off Scores of creditors They gave Notes by the CholV A Measure that was, for a Space, In Line with their desire. Now Major Clef a Minor claim Submitted, and declined All overtures not in a-Chord With what was in his mind.. Said he: "This Time I must have Cash! I Register this vow You shall pay Tenor more today Yes, you shall Duet now!" "We cannot Baritone like that— 'Tis Bass!" the Quartet cried "And with our bank account Solo— Alto the debit side! We'd Trio gladly if we could, Soprano more insist." Then with an Accent from their hands They closed the tragic tryst. —Philadelphia Lcdgtr. THE RIGHT KIND OF PRIDE. Once at a boarding school some girls were trying to humiliate a new scholar whose hands were red and who looked as if she knew how to work. They were boasting of what they could do, apparently thinking she would be ashamed of being a working girl. "Why," said one of them, "I never did a stroke of work in my life." "You didn't?" said the country girl. "Don't you know how to wash dishes?" "Oh, no, indeed!" "Can't you cook?" "No." "Wash, iron, bake, or scrub?" "No! No!" said the girls, all at once. "We have servants to do those things." "Can't you sew?" asked the country girl. "Well," said one of them, "I made an apron once, but it was so poorly done that my mother had to rip it all put." "Well," said the country girl. "I would be ashamed to be as helpless as you are—to be like a baby and have someone to wait on me. You may talk about your father's being worth money, but I'm worth some thing in myself. I cook, wash, sew, scrub, bake and iron and milk and make butter, I am proud of what I can do, and never would think of boasting about what I can't do." "It is not the amount of money that measures your value. Our value lies in what we are, and not in what we possess. A woman may possess $1, 000,000, yet be worth very little. An- Mr S & other may have only two strong hands and a firm intellect and b$ worth a great deal." HALF A POINT OFF. A gentleman crossing the English Channel stood near the helmsman. It was a calm and pleasant evening, and no one dreamed of a possible danger to their good ship, but a sudden flap ping of a sail, as if the wind had shifted, caught the ear of the ofllcer on watch, and he sprang at once to the wheel, examining closely the com pass. "You are a half point oft the course!" he said sharply to the man at the wheel. The deviation was cor rected and the officer returned to his post. "You must steer very accurately," said the looker-on, "when only half a point is so much thought of." "Ah! half a point in many places might bring us directly on the rocks," he said. So it is in life. Half a point from strict truthfulness strands us upon the rocks of falsehood. Half a point from perfect honesty, and we are steering for the rocks of crime. And so of kindred vices. The beginnings are al ways smalL No one comes hear us or across us but it is through an intention of God, that we may help, soothe, or cheer him. To the man who gives himself up to the guidance of the Holy Spirit, there seems to be no world to the worldly man there seems to be no God. Nothing that touches the soul but leaves.its impress and thus, little by little, we are fashioned into the image of all we have seen and heard, known and meditated. And if we learn to live with all that is fairest and purest and best, the love of it all will, in the end, become our very life.—Archbishop Spalding. H0RR1GAN LIVERY 444*446 Wacouta Street Phones: Trl-State 996 N. W. 991 Hearses, Carriages and Light Livery AN UP-TO-DATK OUTFIT SQUINTING Indicates eye strain Glasses will stop both. Can't we interest you in ^hur-on Eyeglasses? Easy to takeoff. Hard to shake off. GEO. F. NEBELUNG Examining Optician, 25 East Seventh Street Indorsed when eyes tro wrong. STEAMSHIP TICKETS To and from Europe at LOWEST RATES FIRE INSURANCE, REAL ESTATE, LOANS GEO. W. STENGKR 23 East Sixth Street ifef Merchants Hotel GEO. R. KIBBE, Manager St. Paul, Minn. EUROPEAN PLAN RATES—$1.00 and $2.00 per day. With bath $1.50 to $2.50 per day. Hot and Cold Running Water in Every Rodm. Far Unexcelled Service and equalled Cuisine Jive our Cafe a Trial. Two Mocks from Union Depot and bnt one from Steamboat Landing. Street Cars pass in front of the ho tel for all points in the city. p. n .n. T. 9. 758 Phones. Res. T. S. 6924 N w 6l6j SMITH BROTHERS Plain and Ornamental PLASTERERS 318 Lowrf Annex, ST. PAUL, MINN. WILFRED LALONDE Ecdeslatlcal Decorator and Designer Designs and Estimates furnished. Au *)e sifpia Original and strictly in Style. Studio and Residence 1790 Grand Ave. ST. PAUL, MINN. Have Decorated 64 Churches. Est. 1898 A PLEASING PRODUCT FOR PARTICULAR PEOPLE CRESCENT PASTEURIZED ICE CREAM Try «ur Sunday special for your Dessert Your Dealer Sells It The Crescent Creamery Ci, SAINT PAUL. 5% TRUST CERTiflCATES In any Amount, $10 and over JOSEPH F. REIMBOLD (Dillornschpid i N 5 U. W. Pbeoe Cedar 760 i V 5 A O A E O N S 1 CHOICE FARM MORTGAGES AND MORTGAGES ON CITY PROPERTY FARM MORTGAGE BOND COMPANY 145 End I cot Arcade. St. Paul, Mlnal 'V DIRECTORS Otto Bremer Louis W. Hill H. H. Bigelow William Butler F. B. Lynch Win. B. Joyce E. S. Warner J. B. Sullivan W. S. McCurdy John A. Hartigan, Pres. Vacation Is Coming! Are YOU prepared to enjoy it to the fullest extent? Have you a reserve fund laid away to meet all the ex penses without stint? Start with a small and add to it each month until needed. THE STATE SAVINGS BANK .$3 East Fourth Street, ST. PAUL THE MACHINIST! Machinists, as a rule, are well paid and steadily employed. THE CAPITAL NATIONAL BANK, has a good many of them on the books of its Savings Department* but it has roQm for a" good many more. In time of your personal prosperity, prepare for that period of your life when you cannot earn as much as you do nofr. A Savings Account is the best way. National Bank of Coiuwsrce C4PITAL AND SURPLUS $500,000.00 FIFTH AND JACKSON STREETS Extends to you a cordial invitation to call and open an account. We will be pleased to meet yon personally OFFICERS WILLIAM A. MILLER, President EDWARD A. WEBB, Vice President JOHN A. REAGAN, Vice President FREDERICK A. NIENHAUSER, Cashier WILLIAM H. MILLER, Asst. Cashier DIRECTORS—William A. Miller, Edward A. Webb, John A. Reagan, Henry Clement, George A. Archer, Frank W. Hurty, Angus McLeod, H. Thomas Quintan, Frederick G. Ingersoll, Grant P. Wagner, Frederick A. Nienhauser. I N E E S A I O N S A V I N S Northern Savings AMERICAN NATIONAL BANK BUILDING Cor. Fifth and Cedar Streets ST. 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