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QUESTION y# f-t IfcN p' If •'*1: V A Protestant author, J. R. Doro, in hift authoritative work called "Old TMVIPS," says that, Did not St. Paul say, "The rock was Christ?" 1 Cor. 10, 4 also "Other foundation no man can lay save that which is laid, which is Jesus Christ?" "Also that Jesus Christ is the chief corner stone?" Eph. y^-1^ *5s In this department, questions of general interest in regard to religion will be taswered each week in the order in which they are received. All communi cations ^must be signed, though the "name will not be published. Address: "Question and Answer", car* The Catholic Bulletin! 315 Newton Bid£.t St. Paul. Did Protestants ever punish Cath olics for reading or for possessing a copy of the Bible in English? Cfoil, Lord Bur leigh, one of tho snhsorviont tools of Quern Elizabeth, in establishing the State Church which drove the Puri tans to Holland and the Catholics to France, wrote a tract to show that men were not persecuted for religion. When the Ttheims translation of the New Testament, arrived in England, many eopies were Seized by Eliza beth's minions and confiscated. "If a priest was found with a copy in his possession, he was at once impris oned." And here is Burleigh's answer to the charge of persecution. Speak ing of a certain priest he says: "He was charitably used, and never so racked hut that he was presently able to walk and that the warders whose office it is to' handle the rack were charged to use it in as charitable a manner as such a thing might be." Dore says about this: "So that there is no doubt that iorture was applied to those who circulated this transla tion of the Testament, and inflicted by those who most zealously advo cated the unlimited right of private judgment." (Old Bibles, p. 292.) II, 20. Why then can you hold that Peter is the "rock" referred to in St. Matthew XVI, 18, "Thou art Peter and upon this rock I will build my Church?" Do you not know that St. Augustine says that in this very text from St. Matthew the rock referred to by Our Lord is not Peter but Christ Himself? St. Augustine agreed with the oth er Fathers in taking the rock to be St. Peter, until his attention was called to the fact that the word for "rock" in the text is feminine in form, both in the Greek and in Latin *"petra" while the name "Peter" is masculine, in Latin "Petrus," in Greek "Petros": hence the two words can not refer to the same thing. Here St. Augustine made his mistake for our Lord did not speak either Greek or Latin on the occasion, but the popular language of Palestine at. the time, which was Aramaic. In this language both the proper name Peter and the word "rock" were represented by one and the same word "Kepha," which you will find used in a Greek form "Kephas" by St. Paul in Galatians 1 r, 9. Today most scholars, including non-Catholics, agree that the rock in St. Matt. XVI, 18, is St. Peter. Here is what Meyer, a distinguished Prot estant theologian of Germany, says in his "Critical and Exegetical Hand book to the Gospel of Matthew," (fith edition, translated by Rev. Peter Christie): "Christ declares Peter to be a rock on account of that strong and steadfast, I'ailh in Himself, to which, under the influence of a spe cial revelation from God, he had just given expression. The emphasis is on 'this,' which points to Peter (not to Jesus as Augustine would have us suppose) and to be understood thus on no other rock than on this rock. There can be no doubt what ever that the primacy among the aytostles is here assigned to Peter, in as much as Christ singles him out as that one in particular whose apostolic labors will, in virtue of the steadfast faith fQr which he is pecu liarly distinguished, be the means of securing, so far as human effort can do so, the permanence and stability of the Church which Jesus is about to found, and to extend more and more in the world. A's in accordance with this we may also mention the prece dence given to this disciple in the cata logues of the apostles, and likewise the fact that the New Testament uni formly represent him as being, in point of fact, superior to all the oth ers. (Acts XV, 7 Acts II, 14 Gal. I, 18 II, 7, 9.) This primacy must be impartially conceded, though without involving those inferences which Ro manists have founded upon it. The explanation frequently had re course to in anti-Popish contro versies, to the effect that the rock does not mean Peter him self, but his steadfast, faith and the confession of it, is incorrect, because the demonstrative expression, 'upon this rock' coming immediately after 'Thou art Peter (i. e. a rock) can only point to the Apostle himself, it being understood, of course, that it was in consideration of Peter's faith that the Lord declared him to be a foundation of rock." (Matthew, Vol. I, pp 418, 429.) Our Lord Himself is the* rock also, and from Him St. PeteV derived his firmness as the rock foundation of the Church. Our Lord is the Light of men (St. John I, 4) yet to the apostles He said: "Ye are the light of the world (Mat. V, 14).' They derived their power to enlighten the world from Our Lord. In the Church Christ is present, but in an invisible manner St Peter and his successors are his visible representa tives, upholding the Church in truth and unity by virtue of the power of Christ, which is with them all days to the end of the .world. Who was Chiniquy? Chiniquy was an apostate priest, weed fired out over the Pope's garden waJl»" and therefore a most sweet smelling nosegay in certain Protes tant parlors. Habitually immoral. Systematic liar, forger, hypocrite. Suspended and excommunicated in 1850. Joined American Presbyterians in 1860. Fired by them for fraud in 1862. Joined Canadian Presbyterians #A*odereU ffffybody wj® 'L Pip* WUPWIIill afcfc**- AIkSANSWER. would not be bossed by him, including those who had made tremendous sac rifices in his behalf. Wrote and- lec tured against the Church. Merely used the old battered calumnies and many new ones of his own. Was probably a moral degenerate, owing to his bad habits, and therefore not wholly responsible for all the vile lan guage he used. (Continued from P.ipo 1.) ANARCHY IN MEXICO. "After supplying the immediate needs of the refugees I saw, I went to Havana. On the island there are two Archbishops and two Bishops, refu gees from Mexico. One, Bishop Her rera of Tulancingo, returned to Chi cago with me. "He said Mass last Sunday at'Wil mette. Bishop Herrera was in Rome when Tulancingo was captured by the Constitutionalists. An American priest, who was assigned in Bishop llerrera's diocese, told me the Consti tutionalists took all the Bishop owned in the world, including his episcopal palace, which was made the scene of an orgy, soldiers dancing with lewd women who arrayed themselves in the episcopal vestments. "The highest prelate of Mexico— Archbishop Mora of Mexico City, a saintly old man, is in exile in Havana. With him is the Archbishop of Yuca tan, Mgr. Trischler, one of the ablest ecclesiastics of Mexico. He has In Havana over forty of his priests, all expelled. "The only Bishop left in Mexico, out of jail or hiding, is in Zapata's terri tory. Zapata has not persecuted the clergy. Ilis revolution is the most popular in Mexico. He holds two states—and even extends his territory to the suburbs of Mexico City. "The Bishop of Tepic was sentenced to eight years in the penitentiary for having in his diocese the organ of a Catholic workingman's union. This happened during the Constitutionalist rule under Carranza. The paper was suppressed, tha Bishop is still in prison. "The liberty of the press has been entirely done away with all over Mex ico. There are no organs but govern ment organs. Editors no longer have opinions. "The Governor of Nueva Leon is sued the worst decree, suppressing re ligion and forbidding Catholics to re ceive the Sacrament of Penance or Communion under penalty of death. "My decree all coin must be put into circulation, whereupon it is promptly captured. The people must take scrip. Bank scrip from Mexico is worth about 16 cents on the dollar at San Antonio. People buy it to pay their debts in Mexico, where it must be tak en by law. Of course much of the war currency cannot, be got rid of at any price on this side of the line. "An impost, of some $25,000,00 was levied in Yucatan, and in order that, them might be no excuse for not. pay ing it a moratorium was proclaimed for six months on all other debts. "It is a hard day for the rich man. In Mexico City the officers selected the houses they wanted and drove out the tenant owners. A diplomat's auto mobile was taken by an officer at the very door of the national palace. "Refugees assured me that there is no law and no order. Anarchy is about the only word that describes condi tions." IB SETTLERS 111 WISCOHSIN PIONEERS OF CHURCH AND STATE WERE IRISH IMMI GRANTS WHO CAME WEST OVER A CENTURY AGO. In this year's "Journal of the American Irish Historical Society," Charles M. Scanlan, Wisconsin Vice President of the organization, has an interesting article on the early Irish settlers in Wisconsin. It would appear that the lead dis trict in southwestern Wisconsin was the earliest focus of Irish settlement Shullsburg being known as Dublin in 1S2.r. "Irish Diggins" was a short distance away, "Murphy's" a few miles further west, and then "Mad den's." John W. Johnson was Grand Sheriff at Prairie du Chien in 1820. His son became a Catholic priest and sub sequently Vicar-General in Texas. An Irishman named Collins was engaged in mining in Dane County, south of Madison. Moore, another Irishman had a claim at Blue Mound. John Dohertv, in 182S. had a trading post at. Exeter, Wis. In 1830 there, was an Irish settlement at South Port, now Kenosha. An Irish Sisterhood of the Poor Clares was located at Green Bay, in 1832. J. T. O'Neill, at Mineral Point, and Dennis Murphy, at Shullsburg, were the two leading miners in that sec tion in 1834. The population of the state in 1834 was 4,090. There was an Irish settlement established at Racine in 1833. An Irishman named Casey was Justice ot the Peace at Sheboy gan in 1836. The population of Wis consin in 1836 was 10,683. One-half of the population (3,334), was located in Iowa County, with Mineral Point as the county seat. Francis J. Dunn brother of Charles Dunn, first Chief Justice o£ tfca Wisconsin Territorial court, had ft .law office at Mineral Point. An Irish settlement v?as located near1 Watertown, including such names as Johnson, Rogan Bros., Daniel Crowley, J. Masterson, Michael Mur phy and others. Michael Welsh was A gromineBt Mttigr Sufar Creek, 1 and Jeremiah Quinn at Prairie du Chien. Rev. Patrick O'Kelly was the first Catholic pastor of Milwaukee, and was the builder of St. Peter's Church. In 1838, Rev. Thomas Mor risey founded St. 'Mary's parish at Burlington. In 1&39, we find Patrick Guerin and W. W. Graham aldermen at Milwaukee. Joseph Collins was president, of the first territorial coun cil. The late Chief Justice Ryan settled in Milwaukee, in 1840. In 1842, a postofflce was located at 'Rafferty's," (Granville), an Irish settlement, fourteen miles northwest of Milwaukee. This was started by the Shaughnessy brothers and Rich ard Stapleton. The Shaughnessy brothers were uncles of. Sir Thomas Shaughnessy. In these and the succeeding years quite a number of Trish settlements were made throughout Wisconsin. An Irish Catholic congregation was established In Cedarburg in 1843. In .1840 the Irish population was a con spicuous element in Iowa, Milwaukee, Brown and Crawford counties. Mr. Scanlan mentions a notable celebra tion of St. Patrick's Day at Milwau kee in 1843, which helped to make that city the first episcopal See in Wisconsin. RED FLAGJJIBEB BUN SUPREME COURT SUSTAINS PRO HIBITION IMPOSED ON SOCIAL IST IN FITCHBURG, MASS. Th# constitutionality of the law which prohibits the carrying of a red flag in parades, was upheld on October 2G in a decision of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts, in the case of John Karnoven, who was arrested in Fitoli burg in November, 1913, for carrying a red flag in a Socialist parade. Chief Justice Rugg declared that, the statute included all flags, the dominat ing color of which was red, and quoled dictionaries as to the history of the 'revolutionary terroristic" associa tions and of the use of red flag, adding that the law "cannot be said to inter fere unreasonably with the liberty of a citizen." NEW ABMY_CHAPLAIN FATHER KELLY OF LINCOLN, NEBR., WILL SUCCEED. FATHER KUNNECKE. Rev. Thomas L. Kelley, M. A., who has been pursuing a course of higher studies at the Catholic University of America, has been designated by the War Department for examination for appointment in the United States Army, to fill the vacancy caused by the recent retirement of Chaplain Frederick L. Kunnecke. Father Kel ley was one of the eight Catholic priests who volunteered their services o the United States in the event of war with Mexico. He is a native of Massachusetts, but connected with the diocese of Lincoln, Nebraska. orlb of looks Brief Reviews and Notices Makers of the Nation. By Fanny E. Coe. Published by the American Book Co., Chicago, New York. Price, 50 cents. The stories in this book, of fron tiersmen, statesmen, inventors, busi ness men, and soldiers, cover the period from 1705 to 1865? and follow the program of the Committee of Eight of the American Historical As sociation for the fifth grade. The im portant events in American history are presented in connection with the lives of great men. The narrative is clear, vivid, dramatic, and easily read and understood by children. Care has been takes to show the manners, customs, and industries of the people, and to provide pictures true to the times. In the selection of incident and detail and in the manner of pres entation, the author has also kept in mind the moral value of history, the reverence due to the memory of noble leaders, and the education of the will which comes from early acquaintance with the lives of strong forceful men. The illustrations are numerous attractive. aad Dramatic Stories for Reading and Act ing. Hy Ada M. Skinner. Published by the American Book Co., New York, Chicago. Price, 35 cents. In this supplementary reader for the third and fourth years, each of the stories has unusual dramatic qual ities, and may be turned into a little play for acting. They are uniformly short. Some of the stories are well known schoolhook classics in new dress, but most of them are new. They include fairy tales, folk tales, stories of child life, nature stories, etc., in wide variety. Originally the work of many writers, they are as varied in style as in subject matter, but they have here been happily har monized and adapted to the require ments and tastes of young pupils. Principles of Cooking. A text hook In Domestic Science. By Emma Con ley. Published by the American Book Co., Chicago, New York. Price, 52 cents. This new book for secondary and vocational schools gives to domestic science more of educational value than it has had heretofore. It offers a practical course on the planning, cooking and serving of meals by the pupils. Each schoolroom lesson Is followed by kitchen work, many vain able recipes being given. The work covers all the important principles which are indispensable to intelligent cooking. The book is furnished with illustrations, and charts and tables of the composition of foods. A chapter on Cooking in Rural Schools and a complete tadex clow tb§ volume. "EM* wr'*-iiji THE CATHOLIC BULLETIN, NOV. 28, 1914. SISTER SETS RECORD ATTAINS HIGHEST MARKS IN EX AMINATION FOR DRUGGIST. Sister Augustine Groesch of St. John Hospital, Springfield, 111., estab lished a record in the state examina tion for registered pharmacists, held by the State Board of Pharmacy a few days ago, when she made a general average of 84 2-3 per cent. She made a grade of 96 in pharmacy, only equal led once in sixteen years. I nilEJIIITIft ORIGINAL PICTURE BY DUTCH ARTIST DISCOVERED IN DE TROIT MUSEUM OP ART. A rare and valuable picture, once the possession of a king of France, has been discovered among the original paintings presented to the Detroit Museum of Art by the late James E. Scripps. It is "The Last Judgment," formerly ascribed to Jerome Bos, or Hosch, now known to have been paint leal PImsSH s BUYING I ed by Cornelius Eugelbrechtsen, who was born in Leyden, Holland, in I4W Bosch and Engelbrechtsen were coi temporaries and Bosch engraved picture closely resembling the wont of Engelbretchsen, which led to the confusion in names, according to As sistant Director Clyde H. Burroughs. It was Dr. A. Bredius, late director and present advisor of the royal pic ture gallery at The Hague, who made the discovery. tz&U£K$,^jgp, Varnish of Service Coat Shop—Main Floor COAL U K O N O O BUCKHORN INTERIOR BUCKHORN ELASTIC SPAR North Star Varnish Co. 513-517 Nicollet Avenue, Minneapolis TMs Tnmefly Sale -OF- A rare opportunity that should claim quick action from women in need of warm, fashionable Win ter Coats. These Seal PEiuislhi CoaHs har monize the dictates of fashion with irreproachable taste and cosy warmth in their graceful swinging folds. Two large buttons confine the fullness to sides and give just the desired flare at the hem. ..TQiey are seven-eighth length, with snug shawl c|llar and deep turn-back cuffs, and lined thruout with Peau de Cygne. They are surely unmatch able and priced special at $25. Other late mode coats in Seal Lustre—Chiffon Broadcloth— onals and Imported Cheviots offer a wide and diversified selection at this price. 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