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The Catholic bulletin. [volume] (St. Paul, Minn.) 1911-1995, April 24, 1920, Image 1

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Volume 9
CATHOLIC WAR WORK IS SUM­
Another important result of this
committee's work was the securing of
official recognition in welfare work for
the Catholic women of the country,
•with the right to erect visitors' houses
in the camps and undertake welfare
•work overseas. The committee also
secured Catholic representation on the
general committees which discussed
and moulded national welfare and re
construction policies. Rev. John C.
Burke. C. S. P., was chairman of the
committee.
CATHOLIC PROMISE FULFILLED
MARIZED IN RECENT REPORT-
NEARLY 15,000 CATHOLIC SOCI­
ETIES CO-OPERATED IN TRI­
UMPH.
A splendid record of patriotic Cath
olic achievement is presented in a re
port issued by the National Catholic
"Welfare Council's Committee on Spe
cial War Activities under the title
"The Promise Fulfilled." It is a rec
ord of gigantic war and reconstruc
tion tasks accomplished by American
Catholic men, women, and children,
acting under the direction and advice
of the administrative bishops of the
council.
No one would have thought it possi
ble within a period of eighteen months
to list, co-ordinate, and bring into ac
tion the membership of 14,673 Catholic
societies. This task, however, was ac
complished by the Committee on Spe
cial War Activities when it affiliated
the work of 9.714 Catholic men's or
ganizations and 4,958 women's organi
zations with the X. C. \Y. C. These
14,673 societies, acting through the
council, now have a common voice,
and their forces may be mobilized
for action in any crisis or emergency.
HOW IRISH BECAME DEMOCRATS
WHY IRISH AMERICAN CATHO
LICS
LINF.D
UP WIT'-* DEMO­
CRATIC PARTY ANTI-CATHO
LIC SENTMENT GAVE RISE TO
KNOW NOTHING MOVEMENT
WHICH FOR THREE YEARS PAN
DERED TO BIGOTRY AND UN
AMERICANISM CHERISHING
MEMORY OF THOMAS JEFFER­
SON AND UPHOLDING HIS
STATE-RIGHTS DOCTRINES.
Henry W. C. Block, writing the
Press Bulletin Service of the Central
Bureau of the Central Verein, de
scribes the real progress and collapse
of the Know-Nothing movement which
drove many
Irish-American
into the Democratic party.
Catholics
How It Started.
It may be of interest briefly re
view the causes leading to the birth
and growth of Irish Catholic affilia
tion with the democratic parlv in this
country. They are connected with
events in a remote period of England's
history. The anti-Catholic sentiment,
which sprang up in the days of Henry
VIII, the colonists carried with them
from their English homes. Warfare
with the French Catholics on the
North and West, and with the Spanish
(a: holies in Florida strengthened this
sentiment. The assistance of Catho
lic France to the colonies during the
Revolution practically quieted it from
1780 to 1830. There was little ground
for alarm on the part of the Xativists
in the number ol' our immigrants up
to the latter year. As a matter of
fact, dislike of European immigrants
on account of their birth or religion,
was always more or less sporadic. In
all nativistic contentions fair-minded
ness and common sense, which saw in
the Irish and German immigrants ma
terial for national enrichment, tri
umphed over the forces of intolerance
and prejudice.
From 1831 to 1840 the immigrants
increased to a total of nearly 600,000.
From 1840 to 1850 1,700,000 immi
grants arrived, nearly one-lialf of
whom were Irish probably three
fifths of them were Catholics. That
which gave nativism its main strength
was anti-Catholicism and this rooted,
as
already stated, in colonial days.
The first outbreak of nativism oc
curred in 1834, the burning of the Ur
suline Convent at Charleston, near
Boston. It continued to manifest it
self in different parts of the country,
and the foreigners, of course, did not
brook unjust attacks in silence. How
could they in an American atmos
phere?
The Know-Nothing Movement.
The American or Know-Nothing
Order came into existence about 1853.
It was the outgrowth of a number of
Nutivist societies, which were formed
from 184.") to 1849: The Star-Spangled
Banner Order, the United Americans,
the American Protestant Association,
the Sons of America and others. The
English historian Bryce says in his
publication, tlip American Common
wealth:
"The Native American or so-called
Know-Nothing party, had, in two years
from its foundation, become a tremen
Clubs for Washington.
The committee established and
maintained 22 service clubs for sol
diers, sailors and marines and through
these provided comforts for 1,200,000
service men furnished 383,506 meals
and 274,099 nights' lodgings. Through
this committee 357 already operating
Catholic clubs threw open their ac
commodations to the service men.
The committee opened and is now
conducting fifteen "Everyman's Clubs"
for workingmen. To date 6."9,946 men
have enjoyed the recreational, educa
tional, and service facilities of these
clubs. With the special written ap
proval of the Holy Father, the com
mittee has assisted in the organiza
tion of 719 Catholic Boy Scout troops,
with 428 troops now in process of for
mation.
Record of Catholic Women.
The right to conduct visitors' houses
in the camps, and to engage in welfare
work both at home and abroad under
governmental supervision was ob
tained for the Catholic women of
America after months of persistent
endeavor. The committee built and
operated twelve visitors' houses,
where 1.400,000 friends of the soldiers
were entertained and in which 572,000
meals were furnished to the service
men. The committee also started and
is now operating 2S community houses,
some for girls and women, others for
neighborhood and community better
ment. One hundred and twelve women
workers were sent overseas, where
they have been conducting under the
Overseas Commissioner twenty-one
welfare houses and two playgrounds
in France, Belgium. Italy and other
countries. A helping hand was ex
tended the chaplains—1,800 chaplains'
kits were provided, and for the men
in the service 6,068,000 religious arti
cles and books were supplied.
dous force rising, and seeming like
ly
f.r
a 4'me to carry its own presi­
dential candidate. In three years more
it was dead and without a hope of re
vival."
Owing to the fact that the real name
and purpose of the party were only
disclosed to those of its members who
had taken the higher degrees, the
members ordinarily, when questioned
about the order, replied: "I don't
know." For this reason they were
called "Know-Nothings."
"While in the North the crusade
(against foreigners) was carried on
mainly against the Irish," says Von
Hoist (VI-18S), "the South was chiefly
concerned in assuring the harmless
ness of the wicked Germans." The
movement attracted the rowdy ele
ments of t.he population. In June and
July, 1854, several Catholic churches
were burned. This was followed by
serious disturbances in Manchester, N.
II. Providence, R. I. Baltimore. I.»ou
isville, Washington, New York, Brook
lyn and other cities. On August 7 and
8, St. Louis was the scene of riots,
precipitated by the Know-Nothings, re
sulting in destruction of life and prop
erty. Two hundred houses, including
many belonging to Catholics, were
more or less damaged. A crowd,
which had assembled in front of St.
Louis University, a Catholic college,
and a mob, attempting to storm the
office of the Anzeiger des Westerns, a
German newspaper, were dispersed by
local militia.
Wise's Fight on Know-Nothingism.
In 1854 and 1855 candidates for im
portant offices, supported by this par
ty, were elected in Delaware, Massa
chusetts, Pennsylvania, New Hamp
shire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New
York, California and Maryland. In a
number of Southern states the major
ities for the democratic candidates
were greatly reduced. Henry A. Wise,
the democratic candidate for gover
nor of Virginia, made a terrific and
successful fight against Know-Nothing
ism. In discussing the anti-Catholic
attitude of the Know-Nothings, in one
of his campaign speeches, he said:
"You tell the people that Catholics
never gave aid to civil liberty that
they never yet struck a blow for the
freedom of mankind. Who gave you
alliance against the King of England?
Who but that Catholic King, Louis
XVI? The German, De Kalb, fell
at the field of Camden, on Southern
soil, with fourteen bayonets transfix
ing his body. ... In that intense mo
ment when the Declaration of Inde
pendence was brought into Carpen
ter's Hall and laid upon the table
when, one by one, men arose from
their seats and went to the table to
pledge lives and fortunes and sacred
honor—at length one spare, pale-faced
man arose signed: Charles Car
roll ... of Carroll ton (pledging a
princely fortune). He was a Catholic
representative from a Catholic colony.
And, sir, six hundred and forty years
ago, on the 16th of June, 1214, there
was another scene enacted on the face
of the globe when Stephen
Langton swore the barons that
they would have a Magna Charta or
die for it. He was a Catholic Arch
bishop of Canterbury. I come here
not tp praise the Catholics, but I come
here to acknowledge historical truth,
tCoutlnued oo uuge 8)
FIGURES FROM OFFICIAL CATHO
LIC DIRECTORY SHOW NEARLY
ONE-HALF MILLION CATHOLICS
IN THIS STATE—MORE THAN
53,000 IN EDUCATIONAL INSTI
TUTIONS.
Statistics taken from the recent is
sue of the Catholic Directory show the
following facts with regard to the
Church in this arqlidiocese and in the
state of Minnesota.
For the Archdiocese of St. Paul the
figures are as follows:
The Archdiocese.
Archbishop, 1 diocesan priests,
293 priests of religious orders, 56
total number of priests, 349. Sisters,
1,152. Novices and postulants, 90.
Churches and missions, 273 semi
nary, 1, with 212 students. Colleges,
2 high schools and academies, 14
students in high schools, academies
and colleges, 3,546. Grade schools,
101, with 25,413 pupils: three orphan
asylums, with 399 orphans one In
fant Home with 166 inmates three
hospitals three homes for the aged,
with 389 inmates one House of the
Good Shepherd, with 200 inmates.
The Catholic population for the arch
diocese is given at 265,000.
The State.
There are five dioceses comprised
within the borders of this state. They
are: St. Paul, Crookston, Duluth, St.
Cloud and Winona. The Catholic
strength in the state is shown as fol
lows
Archbishop, 1 bishops, 5 (Bishop
Trobec is retired). Diocesan priests,
593 religious priests, 147 total
priests, 740. Churches and missions,
705 stations. 49 university, 1 sem
inaries, 2, with 272 students colleges
for boys, 3 for girls, 3 high schools
and academies, 47 pupils in colleges,
high schools and academies, 7,895.
Grade schools, 196, with 45,030 pupils.
Industrial schools, 2, with 266 pupils.
Orphan asylums, 6, with 719 orphans.
Infant homes, 2, with 181 inmates.
Hospitals, 14 homes for the aged, 4.
Hoase oi. the Good Shepherd, 1, with
200 inmates.
The Catholic population of the state
is 488,001.
ARCHBISHOP PITAVAL
Most Reverend Archbishop Pitaval,
retired Archbishop of Santa Fe, New
Mexico, has gone to Denver, Colo. On
May 1 he will take up work as chap
lain of St. Anthony's hospital in that
city. He resigned from the Santa Fe
diocese about two years ago.
AUXILIARY OF HARTFORD TO BE
CONSECRATED ON APRIL 28.
April 28 is the date set by Most Rev
John Bonzano, D. D., Apostolic Dele
gate, for the consecration of Chan
cellor John Gregory Murray as Auxil
iary Bishop of the Hartford, Conn.,
Diocese. The Holy See has decided to
bestow upon Father Murray the title
of Bishop of Flavias.
Bishop-elect. Murray was born in
Waterbury, Conn., February 26,1877
made his classical and philosophical
studies at Holy Cross College, Wor
cester was sent to the American Col
lege at Lou vain by Bishop Tierney,
and was ordained priest April 14, 1900,
by Auxiliary-Bishop Van der Staffen,
of Mechlin. After returning home, he
served for three years as professor of
Latin, Greek and German at St. Thom
as Preparatory Seminary in Hartford.
On October 5, 1903, he was named
chancellor of the diocese.
At Holy Cross College, Father Mur
ray's record for scholarship is counted
one of the assets of the institution
while at the American College, where
he is called "The Pearl of Louvain,
it is said that no one before his time
ever made such a brilliant course
and no one has equalled it since his
departure.
ROGER SULLIVAN DEAD
DEMOCRATIC LEADER WAS
Cathotic^&SuIlcfm.
DE
VOTED CATHOLIC.
Roger Sullivan, national Democratic
leader, succumbed to pneumonia in
Chicago on April 14 at the age of 59
years. He is said to have been great
lv responsible for making Mr. Wood
row Wilson president of the United
States. He was born on an Illinois
farm and went to work in Chicago at
19 years. He left a fortune of several
million dollars.
Political leaders from all over the
country, regardless of party affiliation
attended the funeral. President Wil
son telegraphed his condolences and
Secretary Tumulty attended the fu
neral.
The obsequies were held in Holy
Name Cathedral last Saturday morn
ing, Archbishop Mundeletn officiating.
Bishop Muldoon spoke over the re
mains.
ST. PAUL, MINN., APRIL 24,1920
BISHOPS JIT CAPITAL
BISHOPS' COMMITTEE MEETS I
WASHINGTON TO DISCUSS
WELFARE WORK.
Members of the Administrative
Committee of the National Catholic
Welfare Council met at the Catholic
Tniversity on April 14 and 15 to re
iew the work already accomplished
and to formulate plans for the future.
Archbishop Edward Hanna of San
Francisco presided. In addition to
Archbishop Hanna, members of the
committee at the meetings were:
Archbishop Austin Dowling of St. Paul,
Bishop William T. Russell of Charles
ton, S. C.. Bishop Joseph Schrembs of
Toledo, Ohio, and Bishop Peter J. Mul
doon of Peoria, 111.
It was announced that a full report
of the Council's work and an outline
of further activities will be prepared
in time for submission to the annual
meeting of the Archbishops and Bish
ops of the United States in Washing
ton next September.
Members of the committee ex
pressed satisfaction with the progress
the Council has thus far made in real
izing the program adopted several
months ago. This program contem
plated constant, constructive efforts to
organize and direct the Catholic laity
along social, educational and civic
lines.
POP! t!DS UKRAINE
In accordance with instructions of
Pope Benedict, a large quantity of
medical supplies has been sent to the
Tkraine,
where there is a great short­
age of these things. A representa
tive of the Red Cross described the
situation to the Holy Father as heart
rending.
LAYHSJGM1II
CALL ISSUED FOR REPRESENTA
TIVES OF MEN'S ORGANI
ZATIONS.
A call for a conference of represen
tatives of all Catholic national men's
organizations, to be held in Chicago
on Wednesday, May 5, has been sent
out by the Right Rev. Joseph
Schrembs, Bishop of Toledo, O., chair
man of the Department of Lay Organi
zations of the National Catholic Wel
fare Council.
The conference, the first of its kind
ever held in America, will be for the
purpose of mapping out ways and
means whereby Catholic organizations
may be enabled to act in concert in
matters in which they have a common
interest, and to reach definite conclu
sions on relations with Catholic or
ganizations abroad, especially the pow
erful bodies in Europe and South
America.
Invitations have been issued to
more than twenty-five societies of na
tional standing for the conference,
which will be held in La Salle Hotel,
and which will probably last, two days.
A LARGE BEQUEST
The will of the late Miss Alice
Broder, of Beloit, Wis., bequeaths prop
erty valued at approximately $125,
000, a large part of which will go to
Beloit and South Beloit churches and
Marquette University. The Bishop of
Rockford Diocese is the beneficiary of
a piece of property, with the power
to sell the same and use the proceeds
for the founding of a church in South
Beloit to be known as SS. Peter and
James Church.
VATICAN MS APPEAL
LEGACY CASE IS SENT BACK FOR
RETRIAL.
Recently a test action, brought by
an Italian noble, Giacomo C. Degliat
ti, against the Sacred Congregation of
Propaganda, to recover a legacy left
to Propaganda in 1680 by an ancestor
of his, and with it accumulated inter
test during the 240 years that have
since elapsed, was decided in favor
of the plaintiff by the Court of Ap
peal of Aquila, which accepted the
allegation of bad faith against the
Propaganda. Such a verdict being
ruinous for all legatees, especially re
ligious legatees, the Propaganda ap
pealed to the Court of Cassation of
Rome. This court has anulled the ver
diet, censured the Tribunal of Aquila
for accusing the Propaganda of bad
faith, and has referred the case back
for retrial to the Tribunal of Bologna
PDPE SELECTS I
His Holiness the Pope la# mouth
went down into the vaults of St. Pe
ter's, at Rome, to choose a position
where he shall be buried when he dies.
He selected a simple tomh on the
lines of that of Pope Pius X.
Fine C0SMIE DUD
FORMER PASTOR OF ST, VIN
CENT'S CHURCH, THIS CITY,
WAS IN IRELAND IN QUEST OF
HEALTH.
His Grace the Most. Reverend Arch
bishop, has received a cablegram that
Father Cosgrove, pastor at Darwin,
Minn., died at his home in Ireland on
Sunday, April 18. The message gave
no details.
Rev. Lawrence Cosgrove was born
in Clonelly, County Longford, Ireland,
about 1859. He made his classical
studies at St. Mel's College, County
Longford, and completed his course
in philosophy and theology at All Hal
lows. He was ordained at All Hal
lows, June 19, 1887, by Right Rever
end Bishop Donnelly. He was a class
mate of Rev. Patrick O'Neill, pastor
of St. Michael's Church, St. Paul.
Father Cosgrove came to the St.
Paul Diocese in September, 1887, and
was assistant pastor at the Immacu
late Conception Church in Minneapo
lis, for one year, spending the follow
ing year as assistant at the Cathedral
in St. Paul. In 1889 he was given
charge of St. Vincent's parish in St.
Paul, where he remained in active
service until July, 1910. On his ar
rival in St. Vincent's parish Father
Cosgrove found a small frame church
which was attended from old St. Jo
seph's. He became the first pastor
at St. Vincent's. Due to his energy
and activity the present church, school
and rectory were built to care for the
growing congregation. He also de
voted much time and zeal to winning
converts to the Church, and among the
large number of his converts are num
bered some Chinese of the Twin
Cities. In 1906, he organized St.
Andrew's parish, which had been
attended up to that time directly from
St. Vincent's Church.
Father Cosgrove was transferred to
the parish of St. Joseph, Rosemount,
Minn., in 1910. In 1916 he was given
charge of the parish of St. John, Dar
win, Minn., where he had remained
up to the present. Several months
ago Father Cosgrove made a trip to
Ireland for his health.
K. C.
The Green Bay Council of the Cath
olic Knights of Wisconsin will cele
brate its 35th anniversary on May 9
by initiating a class of 225 new mem
bers.
QUEST! ON UII1LS
URIST DECIDES ON POINT OF IN
SANITY.
An insane person is not only dis
qualified from making a will, but, if
a will has been made by such person
during a period of sanity, the testa
tor after becoming insane, can not
evoke it. This was in substance the
opinion of Judge William H. Lueders,
who decided that a copy of the genu
ine will of Miss Josephine Hoelcher,
Cincinnati, who died last spring, could
be probated.
After Miss Hoelcher had left Betts
Street Hospital in 1917 she tore up her
will. Her condition from that time un
til she died grew steadily worse. The
will was destroyed in August, 1917,
when it is alleged she was insane.
The probated copy of the will leaves
almost all of a $4,100 estate to char
ity, the Commissariat of the Holy
Land at Washington and the monas
tery at Mt. Adams, Cincinnati, being
the principal legatees.
SPANISH CARDINAL FORMALLY
APPOINTED PREPARATIONS
FOR COMING CANONIZATIONS.
According to the official announce
ment in the Osservatore Romano, a
papal consistory was held ^st Thurs
day. This consistory was a part of
the ceremonial prescribed for the
coming canonization of several sons
and daughters of the Church.
At the public consistory, held in the
Sala Regia of the Vatican, the consis
torial advocates formally pleaded the
causes of Blessed Gabriel dell 'Addo
larata, Blessed Margaret Mary Ala
coque and Joan of Arc and the Pope
imposed the red hat on Cardinal Sol
devila v Romero, Archbishop of Sar
gossa, Spain, who was created and pro
claimed cardinal at the consistory last
December, and who subsequently re
ceived the biretta from the King of
Spain.
According to custom, following the
ceremonies, the Pope, at a public coh
sistory, announced names of bishops
recently apopinted but there were no
new cardinals created.
By the reading of the decree "De
Tuto" in the presence of the Pope
Sunday, April 18, for the beatification
of the Uganda Martyrs, the processes
in all eight of these causes have been
completed. Preparations are going
forward rapidly at St. Peter's for the
ceremonies. Tribunes have been
erected and next week they will begin
erecting the throne canopy for the
Pope's celebration of Masses and tho
canonizations of May 13 and 1$.
Limpias (Santander), Spain,
March 4,1920.
Mr. Dan J. McNamara,
Miraculous Crucifix in Spain
TEN THOUSAND SEE CRUCIFIX
COME TO LIFE—AND A THOU
SAND HAVE MADE AFFIDAVITS
ATTESTING MIRACULOUS MAN I
TESTATION AT LIMPIAS, SPAIN.
The famous crucifix that comes to
life regularly at Limpias (Santander),
Spain, has been observed in its mar
velous phenomena by 10,000 persons,
1,000 of whom have given affidavits of
the manifestations, according to a let
ter received by Dan J. McXamara, an
employe of the Colorado Milling and
Elevator company, Denver, who wrote
to the rector at Limpias after reading
of the occurrences in The Denver
Catholic Register. The rector, not be
ing able to write in English, had G.
Fernandez Somellera, president of the
Catholic party of Mexico, a visitor at
the shrine, write to Mr. McNamara as
follows:
Denver, Colorado.
Dear Sir: The rector of this par
ish, Father Edwardo Migueli, received
your esteemed of the 18th January
last, and begs me to answer as he
does not understand English. I help
him, as a good friend, in his foreign
correspondence, and take pleasure in
so doing at this time, to make known
the marvels that the Blessed Image of
our Lord on the Cross works here al
most daily. It takes a good sized
book now to speak of these wonderful
events, and as you are interested in
knowing, and I suppose also you will
make known the details to your
Catholic papers, I am sending you a
book on the subject, written in Span
ish, w"hich it will be easy for you to
translate. It really merits the thor
ough reading of it. Meanwhile I will
answer your several questions giving
you an idea of what is passing here.
The first observations were made
by about thirty people on March 30 of
last year, after the general Commun
ion given by the Franciscan Friars of
Montehano. Nothing was observed
the following days, until the 11th of
April, when three persons, two of
whom cried against the truth of the
miracle, were surprised by seeing the
movement of the eyes of the Sculp
ture of the Crucified. Again for a few
days the phenomena ceased, and were
observed once more the 20th of April
in the afternoon. Since that day till
now, it can be said that very few days
have passed without observing the
wonderful apparitions. Since the said
30th of March to this date, about one
hundred and thirty thousand or more
UNITED STATES TEACHER
SHORTAGE CAUSED CLOSING
OF 18,000 PUBLIC SCHOOLS-
CATHOLIC SCHOOLS UNAFFECT­
ED.
Shortage of teachers and the sub
sequent closing of 18,000 public
schools in the country at large serves
once more to emphasize the great,
value of the 5,852 Catholic parochial
schools which are providing educa
tional facilities for more than 1,700,000
children without expense to the states.
Not only are thousands of public
schools without teachers and the chil
dren dependent upon them without in
struction, but of those which are in
operation between 40,000 and 50,000,
according to officials of the United
States Bureau of Education, are being
taught by persons lacking adequate
training for their work.
Need of Competent Teachers
The Bureau of Education declares
that this large number of teachers
could not under normal conditions
meet the minimum requirements of
their respective states if they sought
certificates, but are employed only be
cause more competent instructors
cannot be obtained. At least 300,000
teachers in the public schools of the
United States, an important official of
the Bureau said, fall short of what
should be a minimum standard—that
is, a full high-school course and two
years of college or normal training.
States in which the largest short
ages of teachers are reported and the
number in each case needed to bring
the total to normal are: Kentucky,
2,250 Texas, 2,055 Virginia, 2,000
Georgia, 1,500 North Carolina, 700,
and Iowa, 600. Texas, Virginia, Ala
bama, Georgia, Tennessee, Minnesota,
Illinois, Kentucky, New York and
South Carolina are among those which
report the employment of "substand
ard" teachers. Texas leads this list
with 4,00Q of these "substandard"
teachers in its public schools. South
Carolina has 1,000.
At the very moment when the
shortage of teachers is more acute
the Bureau of Education finds that
fewer men and women are preparing
for the teaching profession. Informa
tion from 190 state, county, city and
private normal schools is that there
were 11,503 fewer students in such
institutions on November 1, last, than
any,
Number 17
pilgrims have passed by this church,
and a conservative average would
give more than ten thousand persons
of all classes of society that have seen
the miraculous phenomena. There are
about one thousand Sworn affidavits,
and a good many miraculous cures,
though only a few of these are duly
attested and sworn. Among the per
sons who have seen the movement of
eyes and mouth of the crucifix, tho
dripping of blood, the opening of the
chest, wound, (the sculpture hasn't
as it is a Christ of the Agony,
and therefore has not the wound of
the lance), the heaving of the chest—
and a good many have contemplated
the complete agony of the cross, some
times as much time as one hour and a
half—among the viewers, as I said,
there are lawyers, doctors, engineers,
military men, naval officers, professors
of science, women, children, etc.
When the apparitions take place at
different hours of the day and even
at night time about eight to fifteen
per cent of the persons present see
the phenomena. The majority see
nothing, except the great impressions
made upon the observers. Some of
them are so shaken that they are tak
en ill on the moment, and this is more
frequent amongst the unbelievers.
These cases, though they are a good
number (some sixty or seventy), are
few compared with the great number
of persons who have the happiness to
look on such inexplicable wonders.
The book I am sending you will
give you a very good history of the
events.
I enclose also a photo of the miracu
lous Christ, that has been touched to
the blessed Image.
As to the truth of the events, al
most all the Catholic press of Spain
has spoken again and again about
them, and many bishops have come
to the shrine. The bishop of Pinar
del Rio (Cuba) has personally seen
the apparitions, (they ought to be
called better manifestations) and has
written a few months ago a pastoral
letter on the subject.
Perhaps it wyi strengthen my ac
count of the facts, the knowledge that
I have been a witness of all the events
since they began, and also my stand
ing as president of the Catholic party
of Mexico. It is due to this fact I
have come here, to the place of my
forefathers, and have a sincere friend
ship for the actual rector of this par
ish.
Hoping that I have answered your
questions to your wishes, I remain,
Yours truly,
(Signed)
Parochial Schools Save Millions
EDUCATING 1,700,000 CHILDREN IN
G. FERNANDEZ SOMELLERA.
in the autumn of 1916. The schools
reporting represent 60 per cent of
the normal schools in the country.
On this basis it is calculated that
there will be 7,000 fewer graduates
from normal schools in 1920 than in
1916.
The explanation given hy the Bu
reau of Education to account for this
shortage of teachers is that higher
salaries in business and even in the
mechanical trades have attracted men
and women away from the teaching
profession. The average salary paid
to teachers in the public elementary
schools was $606 a year in 1917-18.
The average salary for teachers in
elementary and high schools com
bined was $635.
Catholic Teachers Steadfast.
Catholic parochial schools are not
suffering from want of teachers, and
there is no necessity for the employ
ment of "substandard" instructors in
these institutions. The greater re
muneration offered by mercantile and
industrial concerns has not lured
teachers from the parochial schools.
For the most part the Catholic paro
chial schools are taught by priests,
Brothers and Sisters who have pre
pared themselves for their calling and
continue in it not in the hope of mate
rial reward but as part of their relig
ious duties. They receive their train
ing and perform their work as teach
ers in this spirit, and as a result are
not affected by the conditions which
are held responsible for the decrease
in the number of public school teach
ers.
According to the U. S. Bureau of
Education the per capita cost per pupil
enrolled in the public high schools and
grade schools of the country at large
is $36.62. This includes $5.71 per capi
ta as a charge on the investment in
buildings and grounds. The Bureau's
statistics show that of this cost per
capita, $20.21 is for salaries alone.
The average daily cost per pupil in
the public schools of the United
States is 26 cents, or 31 cents if the
charge for investment la buildings and
grounds is included.
If the 1,701,213 children who attend
Catholic parochial schools had to be
accommodated by the state at the
same cost per capita as those enrolled
in public schools, the additional ex
pense to the states would be $62,298,
420. On the basis of the average daily
cost per pupil the Catholic parochial
schools save the states an aggregate
of $527,000 a day.

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