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-A 43 THE DUTY OF PAYING OUT LAWED DEBTS. Is a bankrupt, who lins obtained liis discharge, after paying his debts in part only, bound in conscience to pay in full if he subsequently becomes able to do. so? The question does not rise 'when fhe creditors in conoid* uitit|n qf U19, feart imymenf hiavse re ceived expressly release the debtor jfrom all" tnilber obligations, us, ol' i^ourse,' they arc1 competent to -do. It 'is clear, too, that the natural obliga tion to pay one's debts in. Jult re mains in spite of bankruptcy, .unless jt is extinguished by competent, au thority. Moreover, the obligation will certainly remain, is the law of the country expressly so decides, as did the Uomfln law, which tue scholastic theologians generally had in Vitw when ilu-y discussed the question. Most modern European codes contain similar provisions, writes Father Slater. However, if seems equally certain that the law o: the country can ex tinguish the obligation of making fur ther payments, if it pleases to do so in favor of an honest, bankrupt. We nay "in faVor of an honest bankrupt." because the law does not intend to favor a dishonest bankrupt, nor has it U13 ]»o\ver to free such a one from his obligations. For the law cannot favor and, promo injustice, would be the. case ji it releass-'i a dishonest debtor fro in Hi* obligation of paying hi *'debts. The law, can, however, for the pub lic, good, release the honest bankrupt i'or with just cause it can transfer property from one to another owner. This it certainly does by the law of prescription, and in other cases. In a commercial community -there will not be wanting good reasons for such an exercise of power, for a load ot debt pressing 011 the shoulders of the poor debtor kills enterprise, and in juriously affects trade. The common understanding with which debts are contracted will gradually accommo date itself to such a law, and thus by virtue of the implicit consent of the creditor, the legal discharge of the bankrupt debtor will lie absolute and final, if the law so makes it. The whole question, then, is re duced one of fact: What is the law of the country 011 U 6 1 A -S&g the point, and what is its effect? With regard to tlie United Stales, theologians have commonly held that a discharge in bankruptcy does not free the debtor in conscience from liability to pay his debts in full, if he sui.- quently be comes able to do so. In. England, on the contrary, both theologians and lawyers commonly law ttW!-1«nrt f*ee» the debtor in conscience, if the dis charge be absolute and unconditional. Otherwise, of course, the obligation will remain. CHILD ANSWERS QUERY SENT TO MISSION PRIEST. At ll'ltna, Montana, the Kev. Fa thers Welsh anil Stark of the Paul ists' were recently giving a mission. One week they gave it exclusively for men and the next for women, and the pood results were so great that Bishop f'arroll persuaded them to stay over iind devote a week to a mission for non-Catholics. Of course, the non Catholic mission was largely devoted to answering questions and objections against the Church and "the question box" worked overtime. One of the questions was: I)o Catholics have to pay in Confes sion for pardon for their sins? The church was crowded, with the IV,shop, who attended all the services, sitting on bis throne and many priests in the sanctuary, while there were a number of Catholics present in the congregation which numbered about 1 J»00. Father Welsh was speaking, :ind- seated in front of him was a small rhild of eight or nine years of age, with his parents. Leaning over after reading the questions, Father Welsh nuid to the child: "Do you go to con lossioit?" The little boy answered that he did. Father Welsh then amidst the greatest interest of all present brought the child up on the platform beside himself and repeated the question to the little fellow. You rould have heard a pin drop in the congregation, so still and intent was every one. The boy in answer yelled out so that every one could hear him: "The Catholics never pay any money. Imt people who don't, know say they do." For an instant there was a dead s'lence and then the reaction from the great tension of the congregation was so great that applause was hardly fi voided, as the child took his seat. IN' CHOOSING A LIFE-PATRtJN. At the birth of tlieir .son^ fourteen months ago, a proud father and mother of JSdga'rtown, Mass., seized the opportunity of evitenc!Ag their admiration for the President o£ the l'nited States by naming, the new born infant after him. Now, whatever be the reason for the change of heart, they have petitioned the probate court lor permission to change the child's name, fearing that it might be a bur den to him in the future. And the court has granted the prayer of the petitioners, allowing that the reasons given for the requested change were vsufflcient and consistent. The incident serves to emphasize the wisdom of the Catholic Church in dictating that her ministers shall con J'er on newly-baptized infants none but the names of saints, says an exchange. ]t is her desire that the prospective member of her fold be afforded the patronage of one who enjoys the cotto pany of God and Ilis blessed ones and can, therefore, intercede for its name pake, as4 wiw® virtues, are held up for emulation and imitation on the part of that namesake. The list of those whose patronage may be in voked at the time of christening is sufficiently large to accommodate even the most critical tastes. Those who are making the choice need not,—and if they are Catholics, they cannot— encumber the helpless infant with the name of one whose fame, like all things niqrtal, is but temporary Human tastes are fickle human idols, whatever else they be, are still human. Nothing more than time js needed to turn an idolizer into an iconoclast,—when we are dealing vVith humans. EE UNSELFISH. There are many things in life that are like the flowers in the garden. They come and brighten a day or an hour, and are gone they are not meant to be hoarded in miserly fash ion. but to be shared and passed on and so made to bring joy to as many is possible while they last. Young folk have youth and energy tnd enthusiasm. How are they using these gifts? Selfishly for just their nvn good or pleasure? Or are they sharing them with those who may have none of these beautiful things? It is a wonderful and beautiful thing to gather and pass on to others the rosebuds of life. Do not wait un til the flower blooms and fades and the opportunity is gone. SUCH A KIND SAINT. Tie was a Franciscan friar, called John Joseph of the Cross, who lived in Italy about :!0) years ago, but the virtue for which he was noted will never grow old, and it is just as much needed today as in his far-off imes. This special virtue was kind ness to every living thing. His heart was so big that it felt for everybody's roubles before his own. Nothing pleased him better than to do kind acts for those around him, and this was even before he became a friar. When he was living at home, he was as good and kind to the members of his family as he was to outsiders, and this is something to be remem bered for, sad to say, there are many of us who are ready enough to do something for people who are only lcquaintances and not at all ready to make a sacrifice for those at home! St. John Joseph knew better than that. Nothing was either too great or too it tie for him to do in the way of kindness to well and happy, to sick and sorrowful. It, is told of him that one day a poor sick woman begged him to get her a peach—she had such a"ltth*£Ing^r*t)fte\ Tf wks the''middle of winter, and St. John knew he could not possibly get her one, so he felt very sorry about it. doing out in his little garden, he passed a chestnut tree, bare and leafless and there, hanging on one of its boughs was a lovely peach! You can imagine how lad lie was and how thankful to the ood Cod who had worked this miracle for him and the poor sick woman, and you can guess, too, which of them was the happier! —Franciscan Herald. CATHOLIC PAPUANS. Tn an article entitled "A Papuan School," recently published by "The West-Australian Record," the Catholic paper ol' the Archdiocese of Perth, the following lovely impressive picture is drawn of the native Papuan pupils of St. Patrick's school, 011 the island of N'ule, in the Papuan group of islands: "Religiousness pervades the daily life of these pupils. They attend daily Mass and many of them receive daily Communion. They listen every morn ing to a short meditation, which is preached to them by a Father who is their spiritual director. Ask about singing, and find me a place in this Southern Hemisphere with an equal repertorium of motets and Masses and a better training in Gregorian chant! The maidens decorate the altar, and the boys in red cassocks and white surplices move gracefully and recol lectedly round the celebrant. The boys wear proudly their badges of Knight of the Sacred Heart and the girls appreciate no less their blue ribbons of Children of Mary. 'Father,' said a visitor, 'never was I more moved in any church than here those are the cream of children.' "If all this apparent goodness were mere school varnish that washes off under later native treatment, there would be none more disappointed than the missionaries, but their gratifica tion lies more in the after-school re sults wherewith tlieir efforts are re paid." The wondrous power of the true Faith stands wondrously displayed by means of this St. Patrick school and its scholars—especially when it is re membered that no more than thirty or forty years ago there was never a Catholic Papuan, and the Pa puans were then cannibals of the apparently most confirmed and incur able kind. E I E O W I. I took from its mother a linet, I plumed it and fed it with care I caged it beside a canary To teach it a mystical prayer. At first it did little but listen, Was pensive and mute as the rose It seemed to be fairly enraptured, Nor thought of its motherless woes. It soon sought to rival its teacher, Though its efforts were puny In deed „As the oak looketh down on the v.reetL But "the ptfblt- wai far froBfc dis heartened, It practised its lesson each day And soon 'twas the master that lis tened To the scholar's original lay. Ere long was the teacher a pupil, And the pupil a teacher was soon Ere long they gave concerts together. They trilled and they warbled in tune. Their life was a song and a rapture, The sweetest that earth can afford It seemed like an echfd of Eden, A copper! of praise to the Lord, II, When I was as yet but a fledging, A golden-haired maiden of four, i I'lost my adorable mother, And the loss sent a dart to my core. Since then I've been tutored by others, Who taught me to sing and to pray Who acted the part of a mother. And guided my feet lest they stray. They've sweetened my life as an orphan, They've reconciled me to my loss They've pointed to mother in heaven, They've showed me the crown for cross. I entered the cloister of Carmel, And found there a mother of love, Who gives me the care and attention That might come from my mother above. I am not quite as quick as the linnet To rival my teacher of song, Yet I join in the psalms and the anthems, And I sing them all the day long- Instead of abundance and pleasures I prefer to be poor with the Lord, Who gives me the fullest assurance That He is to be my reward. -P.J.C. SPIRITISM IS OFTEN POSSESSION BY AN EVIL SPIRIT. Dangers of spiritism are strikingly pointed out by Dr. A. T. Scholield of England, a writer on nervous dis orders, who sounds an urgent warning against the menace which lies in this field. Spiritism, he points out, has ceased to be a "science" in its own view, and has become a "religion." Even when it was claimed to be merely a "sci ence" it had "martyrs" to its horrible effects. No medium in spiritism fails to suffer the consequences physically, mentally or morally, sooner or later, the doctor declares. The vast majority of professional mediums succumb to vice or drink, he asserts, and every spirit leader has warned the public against dabbling in spiritism. The dangers of the move ment begin with planchette and table turning, and consist, of a gradual loss of the protective will power, which is our "divinely appointed guardian. In one case of devil possession mentioned by the doctor, the patient required the services of a resident doctor and two male trained nurses, and the nurses shortly "gave notice." The language used by the patient seemed to come "straight from the pit," it was declared. There is no doubt, the doctor says, that the end of spiritism is possession by an evil spirit. As to Sir Conan Doyle's action in recommending all who could to be come mediums, more horrible advice was never given to unfortunate womanhood. Dr. Schofield says. He said that his profession would repu diate any such advice. Nobody can touch spiritism without being lowered in mental and moral tone, he declares. He said that be personally knew of many cases of in sanity which were caused by dabbling in the forbidden arena of spiritism. JOAN OF ARC. StiJl, they say, she moves through the old-time places, Joan the Maid, with her great sword girt at her side Sheen of wings and shimmer of angel faces Gather around, her as she on doth ride! Rheims or Orleans may see her thus in splendor, Never the old Domreny streets she knew, Here she walks as a maiden, shy and slender. Brushing with bare, brown feet the evening dew! O l't do the children, playing in the meadows, See her watching them, white and very fair, Smiling lips and eyes that dream in the shadows, Lilies of Prance she loved so, her hair. So she' comes, through those quiet roadways stealing, Where in the gray church still her people bend, Unto the Maiden, their own Saint appealing Maai-s III em name savior o£ France and friend. She has forgotten now. the English faces, Prison and wounds and torture of the flame Still, they say, she moves through the old-time placeB, Joan the Maid, wheace opce, long since she came., —Nora Holland. vrnr.TV 1 The songster looked down 0 thje HEADQUARTERS. Genuine old violins best new violins, lligh grade bows, fine Italian strings at lowest prices Band and orchestra in struments bought, sold exchanged and repaired Price On Anything Musical." -i* G. A. HAUSNER, Sights j[w "A T*! THE CATHOLIC BULLETIN, APRIL 24, 1920 MIXXK-SOTA FARM I,.V\I)S 10.Out) acres to select from, im proved, unimproved farms. Price, $20 to $lu0 per acre, in Catholic community. /VIIDWEST LAND CO. 223 Metropolitan Bank Bids., St. Paul, Minn. You are looking for land. Why not come to Baudette, Minn., Where Clover is Weed Tell ijie What you wftiit. REV. E. BOSSUS Write for mv list of CENTRAL MINNESOTA IMPROVED FARMS Also Farm-seekers' Journal. Have some exeePent farm homes in tine Catholie funning' eommunilies. 1 FARMS AND IMPROVED LANDS FOR SALE I,. \V. THAI H, 6114 Plioenix liltitf., liiiMe»|iolin FOR SALE 20 improved farms, near the Twin Cities. Send for list. Refer you Kev. Father Gibbons, here. to W. J. SIMMONS, Real Estate FOREST LAKE, MINN. SEE All. 3393 MURPHY BROS. 55 South Sth St., Citation for TI*:iriiij^ Will. STATE OF MINNESOTA, COUNTY OF liamsey. ss. In Probata Court. In th« Matter .of J'rovijivgi the Alleged I^ast Will aiul Testament of Mary Cecelia Shipnian. Decedent. The State of Minnesota to All Whom It .May Concern: Whereas, Joseph J.-Jostpe, of the City of St. Paul and State of ^Minnesota, lias delivered to the Probata? Court the County of Ramsey, ajVinstriiment in writing purporting Ho hw-ttnj l^ist Will md Testament of Mary Cecelia Ship man, late of Kanrsey Ytrn-ty. Minnesota-. ll^-etlnut, itnd liled therewith his .peti tion to said Probate Co,u'rl', pr'u vin^' tiiat the said instrument may'''be proved and admitted to probate' and that T.etters Testamentary he granted thereon to him, said Joseph J. Joyce. It Is Ordered, That said petition be heard arid that all persons interested "n said matter be i-ited and required to ippear before this Court on Monday, the luth day of May, 1!)20, at 10 o'clock A. M. or us soon thereafter as said matter can be heard, at the Probate 'ourt Rooms, in the Court louse in t!i»* "ity St. Paul, in s ttf(i»Ci.urtty, and show cause, if any they have, why s iid petition should not'be granted and said Will admitted to probate and that this citation be served by the publication thereof in The Catholic Bulletin, ac cording- to law. and by mailing' a copy of this citation at least 14 days before said day of hearing' to ea(*h of the heirs, devisees, legatees of said dece dent whose names and. addresses are known and appear from the files o£ this Court. Witness the Judge of said Court, this 10th day of April,'A. D. li»20. E. W. HAZTLIJS, Judge ol". Probate. (Seal of Probate Court.) Attest: P\ W. Uosewisch, Clerk of Probate. Joseph J. Joyce, Attorney Pro Se, 913 Pioneer Rldg.,- St. Paul. (Jltutiou for Hearing Will. STATE OF MINNESOTA, COUNTY OK Ramsey.—ss. Jn Probate Court. In the Matter of Proving the Alleged Last Will and Testament of Eben Cornelius Rast, Decedent. The State of Minnesota tc* All Whom It May Concern: Whereas, Dora Jane Rast of the City of St. Paul and State of Minnesota, has delivered to the Probate Court of the County of Ramsey, an instrument in writing purporting to be the T^ast Will and Testament of Eben Cornelius Rast, late of Ramsey County, Minnesota, e cedent, and liled therewith petition to said Probate Court, praying that e said instrument may be proved and admitted to probate and that Letters Testamentary be granted thereon to Dora Jane Rast. It is Ordered, That said petition he heard and that all persons interested in said matter be cited and required to appeal' before this Court -on Monday, the :ird day of May, 1920, at 10 o'clock A. M. or as soon thereafter as said matter can be heard, at the Probate Court Rooms, in the Court House in the City of St. Paul, in said county, and show cause, if any they have, why said petition should not be granted and said Will admitted to probate and that this citation be served by the publication thereof in The Catholic Bulletin, ac cording to law, and by mailing a copy of this citation at least 14 days before said day of hearing", to each of the heirs, devisees, legatees of said de cedent whose names and addresses are known and appear from the files of this Court. Witness the Judge of said Court, this 6tli day of April, A. D. 1920. E. W. PAZILLK, Judge of Trobate. (Seal of Probate Court.) Attest: F. W. Gosewisch, Clerk of Probate. Watson. Sexton & Mordaunt, Attvs. THE NEW SIZE DUKE 0/ PARMA CIGAR VERY MILD HAVANA PSUJER A Smoke You'll R«m*mb4fc SWEET AS A MVS «A0C OHIT «t $art & Marpfc^ i&CKer* of Good Smoke* Sas M0? MM PmL U 8. 1 fr. SOUTH DAKOTA To Catholics desiring a good location. Timber Lake, South Dakota tins resident pastor, Mass every Sunday, large congrega tion, K. of C. Council. Fine new parochial school taught by Sisters. Land is cheap, corn Is king, alfalfa queen. All kinds of small grains very successfully grown. Ex cellent small ranch opportunities. A healthy climate, good soil, excellent water easily obtained. For further particulars write 301 Plymouth Building MINNEAPOLIS CITY PROPERTY, INSURANCE, RENTAL, FARM LANDS W. J. CRAIN, Timber Lake, s. Dak. Reference: HEV. FATHER KIP?,. T^i Pastor, limbed Lake, S. D. COBN AND ALFALFA FARMS which are as fertile as where- von live, pro ducing excellent crops of CORN, ('.RAINS AND ALFALFA Hay anel Seed, besides being unequaled for STOCK AND DAIRY products. This land Is in a Community largely made up of CATHOLICS and can lie bought for SHI) to an acre on easy terms. Write WILL R, WALPOLE, Philip, Haakon Co., South Da kota, for particulars. References: Rev. A. B. I'ierl, Pastor, and Rt. Rev. J. .T. Lawler, Blshup of Lead, South Dakota. Live agents wanted. Real Estate and Investments If you want to buy or sell Real Estate of any kind communicate with us. We have desirable homes for sale near all the Catho lic Churches and Colleges in the city. BRENNAN & CULL WANTED I Catholic eettlera to buy land. Good soil and good water. Healthful climate. Plenty of timber on lands for fencing, fuel and building purposes. Numer ous and beautiful lakes. All near good roads and within five miles of railroad, Htorc and post office. For further particulars write E. G. Hither, Jesse Lake Minn. FIRST Minneapolis Aut. 37733 RENTALS AND INSURANCE FIFE'S Imported RAZORS 116 S. 7th St., Minneapolis U E Y I N I N Razors, Clippers, Shears, Scissors, etc. The man who has no conscience is not a fit person to occupy a seat in the council of the state or of the na tion. v Hi -J i. u .V. V 3 4, Booksellers Bookhunters Pretmrt-d by th. THE HOME AND COUNTRY LEAGUE,, E. H. DAVIDSON. Sec'y, Vf, E. Fifth St.. St. 1' A book for people who are not afraid to think A Capitalist's View of Socialism By Spencer Kellogg of Buffalo Now in the Second Edition A clear, feai-less presentation of facts from the point of view of a man who has for many years been in close touch with labor and ita problems. "It is the most powerful thing we have read."—Minneapolis Journal. SOCIALISM: The Peril of the State Socialism aims at acquiring and taking over all the means and forces of pro duction- in the state. This would not be simply an emergency condition as hap pens to all countries in time of war: it would be a permanent institution. Prac tically here is the program. The state would take full possession of railroads, mines, telegraphs, ware houses, telephone system, water works farms, steel industries, fisheries, in fact, every form of material production. This means that not a farmer in Minnesota would own his own farm: the state would own it, and he wrould work at the good pleasure of the state when and where and how the state dictated. I E $ 1 0 0 Postage 12 Cents BOOK SECTION LEONARD H. WELLS, Manager. O W E S BOOK IMPORTERS Minneapolis, Minnesota FOR ALL OUTDOOR^ ATHLETICS choose the right equipment from the largest and most complete stock in the Northwest, economically priced. Successors to the Wm. ft. Burkhard Co. 133-135 East Fifth Street St. Paul, Minn. Main 9308 Auto. oS 070 Harry M. Hurlburt Funeral Director and Embalmer 1012 Marquette Ave. MINNEAPOLIS Not a mechanic would own his own tools: these would be supplied him at the will of the state. Not a pound of steel or coal or food would belong to any individual: these would be the possession of the state to be distributed when and how the state desired. The platform of the St. Louis convention held in April, 1917, states that "The Socialist party aims to abolish class war with all its evils and to substitute for capitalism a new order of co-operation, wherein the workers shall own their own jobs and receive the full social value of their product." The convention failed, however, to add that the aim of Socialism is to center these jobs and means of production in the STATE ITSELF. It is not claimed that the present leaders of Socialism are poor men—neither was Marx, their founder, a poor man when he died. Home Owners! Citizens! Taxpayers! who are opposed to Socialism, if you have not already done so, be sure to Register Saturday, April 24 so that you can Vote to Defeat Socialism .. IN SAINT PAUL AT THE ELECTION MAY 4th V r.'v K. Bookbinders Book finders Baseball Supplies, Louisville Slugger Bats, Autograph Models. No. 0 Reach Official Baseballs. New stock of Catchers' Mitts, Gloves, Masks, Body Protect ors, Shin Guards, Shoes, Bases, and every other article you'll need to play the game. Officiai Outfitters City League Teams (jet our prices 011 uniforms The Minnesota Sporting Goods Co.