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wi)UNtlon QUESTION ANSWER. (a) Is Francis Parkman's History of the United States, especially on the French and Spanish explorers and mis sionaries, authentic? (b) If, accord ing to Abbott's History of Mexico, Cor tez was an unscrupulous Catholic, why were his remains given a resting place in a convent? (c) Was there really a dark Middle Age in the Catholic Church when, as I have heard, priests were corrupt? live two miles within the border of a certain diocese, and fourteen miles from my parish church located in this diocese. There is a church two miles across the line. Am I expected to At tend and support the nearer or the farther church? tm tklp department question# of Interest In regard to rellgtM Will k« navreretl e»«?h week in the order ti» which they ure received. All communi cation* iuuat be niirned( thouich the name will not lie publlahed. AdAremi The Bureau regrets that is has not bfeen able to bring before the Catholic people of St. Paul a more detailed ac count of the distress and disorders it has found in the homes of our people. If, however, this can be done in the future it will mean a closer relation, a, stronger tie between the strong and the week, the rich and the poor, for Whenever a noticfe of distress was sent out during the past year, it was met with a most generous response. For their whobe-hearted co-operation, therefore, the Bureau wishes to thank the Guild of Catholic Women, the St. Vincent de Paul Society, the Christ Child Society and the Knights of Co lumbus. We are especially grateful to the United Charities, the Wilder Char ities, the County Board of Control, the Baby Welfare Association, the Ramsey County Mothers' Aid, and the State Department of Re-education, for their kind assistance in helping ois to solve our problems. There is still, howev er, a great need of more volunteer workers. Nine hundred and thirty-one caseshave passed through the Pro bation Office of the Juvenile Court of St. Paul during the past year. To re duce this number the coming year we must muster the forces of every par ish in the city to keep our children in school. There is need of big brothers and big sisters to guide and to he friend our erring youth. A special classroom providing for the instruction of retarded children would be especially helpful, as many of these who have not had the proper start Jn school become discouraged when placed with smaller children. But with special attention given them in a classroom by themselves school life becomes more agreeable to them and they will not so easily become de linquents. There is need also of a school for boys where those who have gone astray mpy receive sound relig ious training, for we cannot hope to re form character or build up morality without religion as a basis. ^tJOHN P. tfOHERTY, and Answer," care The Catholic Bulletin, 315 Newton Bills., St. Paul. a particular case like t- (a and b) Both Parkman and Abbott are frequently unfair in their histories on America. Parkman, especially, while he at times praises some missionaries, not infrequently goes out of his way to slur the Catholic clergy and the Church. As pgards Cortez, he is to be judged riot by histories such as Parkman's and Abbott's, but rather by the true facts of his career, (c) Dui* ing t,he Middle Ages, history shows that corruption on several occasions was found among some of the clergy. This was true chiefly, perhaps, to some extent of the eleventh century. At this time the controversy over inves titures raged between Pope and Em peror, the abuse being crushed out by the famous Pope Gregory VII. It must he noted, however, that during this pe riod soldiers, courtiers and other fol lowers of the Emperor at times forced their way into the ranks of the cler gy. It is not, therefore, just to accuse the Church or the clergy in general of corrtiption for the deeds of these mis fits. It may be said, and it is admit ted by practically all historians, that the Catholic clergy in every age h^ve been leaders morally and intellectual ly in their respective nations. 1 Generally speaking, every Catholic is expected to support his parish church, not necessarily the nearer church. Ii* BUREAU OF CATHOLIC CHARITIES Continued from page 7. Donations to thte deserving poor 249 Garments. 8 bu. Potatoes. 10 lbs. Bacon. 10 lbs. Flour. 37 cans fruit and vegetables, i 12 glasses of Jelly. 1 Stove, bed, mattress, spring. Ot which 1580.90 is is a savings ac count in Central Trust Bank $63.35 ia checking account for current ex pense. Director. CHRISTMAS CUDS In order to counteract the pagan trenf developing in Christmas cards in recent years, the Shfine committee at the Cath'olie University in Washington, D. C., has prepared an assortment of appropriate cards. These are fur nished reasonably, as explaihed in an announcement in this issue. SISTERS SHE CM I ^e .bravery and tulick action of Sis ters in charge probauly sated scores of lives of girl inmates of the House of the Good Shepherd, Denver, in an early morning fire October 15. Without con fusion or excitement nearly 300 girls, under the guidance of thirty nuns, were dressed and marched tut of the huildii^ in perfect order while flames shot 150 Jeet in the air from a fire in th© boiler room of the structure. The blate wai controlled wttb sttg^xaone tarf damage. t.hi3, it is safer to coueult either yo.ur imatpr or your Bishop who will give the proper ad vice. Why is Baltimore called the Prima tial See? Does Its occupant have precedence over other Archbishops? The Bishop enjoys jurisdiction in his own diocese, .while an Archbishop possesses jurisdiction in certain mat ters over the dioceses in his Province. A Primate is one vested with jurisdic tion over a number of Provinces. To day, however, with few exceptions, as Canon 271 of the new Code states, the title of Primate carries no special ju risdiction but is a mere title of honor. In America there is no Primate, hence no Primatial See, although this title is sometimes inaccurately applied to Baltimore, the first See in this coun try. Does the Catholic Church the United States teach the same as it does in Rome?. The Catholic Church teaches iden tically the same doctrine everywhere. (a) Can a good Christian mother gain as many merits for heaven as a nun? (b) Would it be wise for a girl to break an engagement with a good Catholic boy to enter the convent, al though she does not like convent life, but simply to gain more merit? (c) If a person should die after gaining a plenary indulgence, would he go straight to heaven? (a) It is not within the province of a Question Box to referee a merit gaining contest between a good Chris tian mother and a nun. A nun, how ever, gains special merit for all her good works since she has the general merit of vows, (b) Needless to say, it would be foolish for a girl to enter the convent if she did not like such a life, (c) A plenary indulgence right ly received frees the soul from all the penal effects of sin, and a person dy U! am, ituu person ay- straight to heaven. 1 GREAT FRENCH ECCLESIASTIC SPdKE GLOWINGLY ON SUBLIMI TY OF CATHOLIC CHURCH—CAN NOT CHANGE, SINCE TRUTH IS IMMUTABLE. it was during one of his Conferences at Notre Dame in Paris, that the great figure of the Catholic Church present ed itself suddenly to the mind of La cordaire. He took possession of it as one of the most striking arguments in favor of Catholic doctrine, and in a magnificent outburst, cried: "Every century, jealous of a glory which disdains the passing baubles of the world and its puppets, has come knocking at the door of the Vatican, trying to bake a fatal thrust at the Church personated by the frail figure of an old man' robed in white. 'And the Church, in person of this old Man, has asked, What do you want "And the rejtfy ever been: Change.' "But I do not 'change.' The centuries have said: "j3ut ev erything in the world has changed? Astronomy has changed philosophy has changed—why are you always the same?" "Because I come from God, Who is always the same!" "But you know that we are mas ters we have a million men in arms we wield the sword which breaks thrones, which is able to remove the head of an earthly ruler and to tear apart the leaves of books!" "So be it! Blood is the mysterious and sacred Fluid which has regener ated me!" "Ah, well, here is half my purple! Accept it as a' concession to my ideals!" "Keep your purple, Oh Caesar! Soon it shall be interred beneath the earth, while the Church chants above you her Alleluias and the De* Pro fundis which remains the same as the ages go on." "I recall to your metaory, Mes sieurs,-" continued (he orator, "these facts of History. Today, after so many futile trials, after so many ef forts to obtain the mutilation of the Dogma which unites us—the Church remains the same." "But do you never change, O race of gran'ite," asks the world. "Can you not sacrifice one of your doctrines to us, as for instance, an Eternity of Pains, the Eucharist, the Divinity of Jesus Christ? Why still the Papacy? Why not embellish a little this gibbet which you call the Cross?" So jtliey speak, while the Cross looks down upon them, smiles and weeps—but stands erect while the world revolves about it. The Cross remains upright when human things fall beside it, one by one. A strange and mighty force em bodied in a single word—Credo— holds it in its sacred place. So we are able to repeat to those who assail us, the words of Bossuet: "You change! Then you have not the Truth,, for the Truth is immuta ble!" No one else can solve your problem, or work out your riddle. You stand or fall by it. Your happiness, yoftr well-being, your success, and your des tiny hang upon your carrying out the program the Creator has given you. WANTED—Salesmen with cars to extend the circulation of the The Cath olic Bulletin in the R. F. D. districts. For particulars call or write Mr. Cox, Circulation Manager, 212 Globs £ldg-.-J gfPani, Minn, C* SAVED 81 SHADOW PRISONER FREED BY PRIEST'S SKILL—REMARKABLE. TESTIMO NY OF JESUIT WHICH UPSET VERDICT OF JURY—SHADpW IN PICTURE DETERMINES MAN'S INNOCENCE, TMs summer the completion by Fa ther William F. Rigge, S. J., astrono mer and physicist, of his twenty-fifth continuous yfear on th£ staff of Creigh ton University, Otnaha, gave occasion for brief mention in the press of a practical astronomical feat, which at the time of its accomplishment attract ed notice throughout the country and abroad. In 1910, a man was bein& tried in the criminal court at Omaha, on the charge of having deposited with ma licious intent, on the porch of a prom inent citizen, a suit-case containing dynamite. The suit-case had been found at 2:50 o'clock Sunday after noon, May 22. Two girls, aged 11 and 17, testified that a little before 3 o'clock, they had seen in the neigh borhood of the house, a man answer ing the description of the accused, car rying a suit-case like the one found. Counsel for the defense learned that the girls were supposed to have seen the man after coming from a church a mile away, at which they had posed twice fcr the camera. He obtained copies of the pictures and a shadow on one of them suggested that the time of the photograph might be de termined by an astronomer. If the time were later than ten minutes be fore 3, the girls' testimony would be invalidated. Father Rigge Testifies. Father Rigge, being consulted, took careful measurements with the help of a surveyor, and making calculations by four methods, arrived at results none of which differed by more than fourteen seconds from the mean, which was three o'clock, twenty-one minutes and twenty-six seconds. He testified at the trial that, allowing a broad margin, the picture had been taken within one minute of 3:21% P. M., and the vote of the jury was split. In the second ing in such a state would doubtless go attorney saw that it was necessary to -belittle the astronomical evidence, and by sarcasm and joking at the expense of scientific men in general, he kept the jury in continuous laughter, and obtained a verdict of guilty, with a sentence of fifteen years in the peni tentiary. trial, the prosecuting The defense appealed to the Su- preme Court of Nebraska, which decid ed that the condemnation had been made on insufficient evidence and in preparing for a third trial, the prose cution, turning to science, which it had ridiculed, asked G. D. Swezey, profes sor of astronomy at the University of Nebraska, to m£ke another computa tion of the time. After the professor, with entirely independent measure ments and calculation, arrived at a re sult that differed by only twenty-nine seconds from the time given by Father Rigge, thus falling decidedly within the one minute margin, the prosecu tion was abandoned. Naturally, the trials and the testi monies had engaged the. public atten tion. The first anniversary of the tak ing of the photograph had been part ly cloudy, but when the second anni versary approached, Father Rigge, writing in the daily press, predicted confidently that the shadow would again be in the same spot at twenty one and one-half minutes after three o'clock, and he invited all who would, to come to the place and verify his prediction. A press photographer snapped the shadow, first one minute before the time, then exactly at the moment designated, then one minute later, and whereas the first and third pictures showed the shadow unmis takably below and above the original position, the second picture made it evident to the most skeptical and un scientific critic, "that Father Rigge's calculation had not missed the precise point of time by more than a few sec onds. A Triumph of Science. This small but, highly practical tr! tfmph of science was reported and commented on not merely from coast to coast, but in foreign countries and in foreign tongues. The pictures were reproduced in the daily papers and in scientific publications, while articles under the titles of "A Shadow in Court," "Saved by a Shadow," and sim ilar captions, entertained readers of English and other languages in all parts of the world. This is probably the most notable of all the directly practical services which Father Rigge has rendered by means of astronomy, but the occasions have been numerous on which he has given valuable, though less vital, as sistance to persons who have applied to him. Citation Ex. of Pinal Account STATE OF MINNESOTA, COUNTY 'OP Ramsey—ss. In Probate Couf-t. IN THE MATTER OF THE ESTATE of Paul J. Martin, Decedent The State of Minnesota to All' Whom it May Concern: On reading and filing the petition of the representative of said estate, pray ing that the Court fix a time and dace t°.T examining, adjusting and allowing his FINAL, ACCOUNT, and for the as signment of the residue of said estate to the persorfs thereto entitled: It Is Ordered, That said petition be heard and that all persons interested in said matter be cited and required to appear before this Court, on Tuesday the 15th day of November, 1921, at 10 o'clock, A. M., or as soon thereafter as said matter can be heard, at the Probate Court Rooms in the Court House in the City of St. Paul, in said County, and show cause, if any they have, why said petition should not be granted and that this citation be serv ed by publication thereof in The Catholic Bulletin according to law, and by mailing a copy of this citation at least 14 days before said day of hear ing, to each of the heirs, devisees and legatees of said decedent whose names and addresses appear from the files of this Court. WITNESS the Judge of said Court ithis 17th day of October, "A. D. 1921. A. E. DOE, "Judge of Probate of Washington Coun ty, Minn. Acting as and for Judge of Probate of Ramsey County. Minn. ,(SeaL of Probate CourjL}. Attest: F. W. Gosewisch, Clerk of Probate.£ MUIALLY, Atty tot Aftnr., 1120 R. Bid* THE CATHOLIC BULLETIN, OCTOBER 22,1921 SEVEN VACANCIES IN COLLEGE OF CMJILS With the death of Cardinal Dubourg of Rennes, France, a fortnight ago, the number of vacancies in the Col lege of Cardinals has been increased to seven. The membership of the Sa cred College is now 63, 31 Italian and 3l non-Italian Cardinals, with one reserved in petto. When complete, the Sacred College consists of 70 mem bers. Thirty-four Cardinals have died during tb? pontificate of Pope Bene dict X*. ST.. LOUJSJEQUESIS Bequests amounting to $ljft,000 were left to various Catholic charities by Henry J. Gaupel, founder of the Gau pel Manufacturing Co., according to the terms of his will filed last week in the probate court in St. Louis. He left $2,000 each to the St. Vincent German Catholic Orphan Asylum, Lit tle Sisters of the Poor, Mount St. Rose hospital and the St. Vincent de Paul society. St. Louis University received $1,000, and the Oblate Sisters of Prov idence, at Normandy, and the House of Good-Shepherd, each $50.0. A SEMINARY'S JHBILEE St. Joseph's Seminary at Dunwoodie, N. Y., has fittingly observed its silver jubilee. Under the administration of Archbishop Corrigan, this -notable building, costing a quarter of a mil Dresses, Rev., Dr. Bernard A. McKenna, Catholic University, Box WASHINGTON. D. C. $1.00 Per box of 12 Cards Plus 4 Cents Postage 513-517 Nicollet Avenue MINNEAPOLIS, MINN Fot Fiuiiftda^meiniltals SpecklFrlces Kayses0 SUM T©pped UinLderwoM0 lion dollars, was started, supplanting bid St. Joseph's, at Troy. In the fall Ff 1896, with the late Cardinal Farley presiding, the building was opened. Since its opening, 700 young men have been ordained for 48 dioceses, and 1,250 have studied within its" hails. National Shrine Christmas Cards Let Your Catholic Christmas Jap Help Build Our Lady's Beautiful SHRINE- AT WASHINGTON The millions of devoted clients of Mary Immaculate will be pleased tB learn, that they can help substantially her noble Shrine now arising at Washington, by the purchase of Christmas (5renting (Lards !J ENGRAVED SPECIALLY FOR SALVE REGINA They are not the ordinary kind but specially designed and beautifully engraved. They will be packed in artistic boxes, each box will contain: 12 Cards with envelopes to match. No two cards are alike. You cannot buy their equal in any shop at the price they are being sold: $1.00 per box plus four cents for mailing. II purchased on a large scale, there will be a notable profit for the .National Shrine. BUY THEM and ask your friends to buy them. You will probably want more than one box, therefore ORDER NOW AS OUR SUPPLY FOR THIS YEAR IS LIMITED Send your order and make remittance payable to is offered at special prices. Everybody knows the excellent reputation of this soft feeling, faultless fitting underwear— Knee-length silk topped Union suits, IS YEARS .1JEUGIOI gfister Marie de Sainte-Agnes known in the world as Antoinette Aubin, has just died at Marseilles at the age of ninety-two years and six months. Sis ter Sainte-Agnes was professed sev .enty-five years ago and was the dean of the Religious of the Refuge at Mar seilles. She was a lay Sister and for many years taught manual training to ihe children cared for by the religious of her community. DESTROYED BY FIDE The Mt. Carmel Sisters' school build ing at Lawler,'Iowa, was totally de stroyed by fire, October 13. The flre department frorn Waucoma and New Hampton responded to calls for help, but the fact that the building is situ ated on a hill that is higher than the water tank, made it impossible to lift water to the roof of the burning build ing. The loss is fully covered by in surance.. V Look on your daily task as one of the good things God has given you, not as something to be endured with such patience as you can muster till working hours are over. Special $1.95 Ankle-length silk topped Unionsuits, Special .$2.95 Silk topped Vests with embroidery, o i o o s rr Special A .$1.95 $i£iridhiasaw in wonderful new Fall materials, with a variety of the best furs, squirrel, beaver, opossum, etc., on them in collars and cuffs, Spccial... of new Fall Suits, plain or fur trimmed with beaver, squirrel or nutria, warmly interlined, in long coated tailored styles or short box types. Specially priced $50 and $69.50 business, or afternoon—plain silks, silks in combination with velvet and trimmed in un usual new ways—a fine selection at $35 j\ v i Mat Co: J: St. Paul's Leafe^f ing Catholic Piano Store Requests Your Patronage We carry a Pull Line of PIANOS SONORA and LEHNERTS PIANO CO. NOW READY— Michael Williams' Stirring Story of S25 Wabasha St. ST. PAUL, MINN. a, 4T Coafts s it*£i WANTED- American Catholics in the War" (National Catholic War Council, 1917-1921) Bony Catholic Should Read this Splendid Book—The Storjfs^ of National Catholic Service to God and Country What part did American Catholic men, women and children play in the great world conflict? What assistance was ren dered by our bishops, priests' and religious COLUMBIA GRAFONOLAS, RECORDS SHEET MUSIC and INSTRUMENTS Prices and Catalogues free on application What was the^splendid sacrifice of American Cath olic manhood How did this glorious total of service, sacrifice and faitb laid the United States Gov iernment? These and other important questions that Catholics and non-Catholics have been asking are now answered in "AMERICAN WAR." Handsomely printed and bound in cloth. Published by thi| Macmillan Company, price 32.50. The book's 467 pages will fill Catholic hearts with pride and inspire them to greater services to God and Country. An Invaluable Book for Home, School and Public Libraries' All Catliolic Book Stores Feature This Great Work Plan Now to Remember Your Friends With This Book as a Christmas Gift Catholic Home Should Hare Copy of American Catholics in 0m War" Catholic Clubs or Organizations May Obtain This Book Through The National Catholic Welfare Council In Lots of One Hundred at. GOLDEN MOON THE HOME OF FLOWERS AND SWEETS Tresh Flower of quality always properly boxed—delivered anywhere. Artistic floral designs for all occasions. Phon« Cedar 2612 Cor. 6th and St. Peter St., St. Paul. CARU'O n:s iw?CftwN rvNO COLUMBIA PHONOGRAPHS & RECORDS HERE'S THE TEST You may be earn iii less than your neighbor but if you arc SAVING MORR, you have the GAIN on him and you halve a better future in store. Let tTs Serve You NORTHERN SAVINGS BANK ROBERT AT SEVENTH ST. PAUL -IPosltion as housekeeper Address, Box 588, Litch- for a priest, field, Minn. BUSINESS FOR SALE—Must sell account of old age: Store building, stock (groceries, shoes and men's fur nishings) and fixtures, located in most prosperous town, Southern Minnesota. Stock reduced to about $3,000.00. Take S-t. Paul residence part payment. Full information. Call J. D. Hilger, 1941 Selby Ave., Nestor 3212, Midway 2990. FOR SALE—I have some very de sirable farm homes, from one-half miles to six miles of Drayton, and many businesses for sale In town. We have a beautiful Catholic church and parsonage here. Would be pleased to correspond with anybody wishing a nice farm home or business. Drayton is a town of 800 people. The land will run in price from $100 per acre up, with good terms. John L. Little, Dray ton, N*XV CATHOLICS IN THF. ..40% Discount In Lots of Fifty at ...30% Discount In Lots of Twenty-five at-.»... 20% Discoutt PLACE YOUR ORDER FOR THIS BOOK AT YOUR LOCAL CATHOLIC BOOK DEALER, or send directly to The Macmillan Company, 68 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y., or to The National Catholic Welfare Council, 1312 Massachusetts Ave., N. W. Washington, D. C. PIANOS HURLEY-MOREN-FRANK CO. 49 SO. 8th STREET. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. General Printing and Bookbinding IHemotriai Carbs artb foibers iDrbination Bouvenxx ISook ^Repairing V E K E O A N Y 141 EAST FIFTH,STREET ST. PAUL. MINN. ESTABLISHED &SS5 Will & BAUMER CANDLE CO., lie The Piotiiiei Church Candle Manufacturers of America SYRACUSE, N. Y. Makers of ALL GRADES, SIZES AND COLORS CANDLES Western Branch: 322 W. Washington St. Chicago, III. THE ENVOY New Fall-Winter Style Madf. from Handsome' WlioTe Quarter Cordovan. Heavy Overweight Single Sole and Rubber Heels. All Sizes and Widths Specially Priced at $9.00 f®)- .' f' '4 I HOES 400 Robert St. & Ryan Hot«|) "r sf. PAUL, MINNr"