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THE REVIEW, HIGH POINT, NORTH CAROLINA ASKS ADEQUATE , DEFENSE FOR U. S. president Wilson Pleads for Pre paredness Against hoes Abroad and Within. MESSAGE READ TO CONGRESS targe r Army and Navy Urged Trained Citizenry the Nation's Greatest Defense Disloyal Acts of Foreign-Born Citi zens Scored No Fear cf War. - Washington, Dec. 7. At a joint session 9t the house and senate the president to day delivered his annual message. He said in part as follows: Since I last had the privilege of ad 'Aressing you on the state of the Union the war of nations on the other side of the sea, which had then only begun to disclose its portentous proportions, has extended jts threatening and sinister scope until it has swept within its flame some portion of every quarter of the globe, not excepting our hemisphere, has altered the whole face of international affairs, and now presents a prospect of reorganiza tion and reconstruction such as states men and peoples have never been called upon to attempt before. "We have stood apart, studiously neutral. It was our manifest duty to do so. In the day of readjustment and recupera tion we earnestly hope and believe that jre can be of infinite service. In this neutrality, to which they were bidden not only by their separate life and their habitual detachment from the poli tics of Europe but also by a clear per ception of international duty, the states of America have become conscious of a new and more vital community of inter est and moral partnership in affairs, more clearly conscious of the many common sympathies and interests and duties which bid them stand together. We have been put to the test in the case of Mexico, and we have stood the test. Whether we have benefited Mexico by the course we have pursued remains to be seen. Her fortunes are in her own hands. But we have at least proved that we will not take advantage of her in her distress and undertake to impose upon her an order and government of our own choosing. We will aid and befriend Mexico, but we will not coerce her; and our course with regard to her ought to be sufficient proof to all America that we seek no po litical suzerainty or selfish control. Not Hostile Rivals. The moral is, that the states of Amer ica are not hostile rivals, but co-operating friends, and that their growing sense of community of interest! alike In matters political and in matters econom ic, is likely to give them a new signifi cance as factors in international affairs and in the political history of the world. It presents them as in a very deep and true sense a unit in world affairs, spir itual partners, standing together because thinking together, quick with common sympathies and common ideals. Separat ed, they are subject to all the cross cur rents of the confused politics of a world of hostile rivalries; united in spirit and purpose they cannot be disappointed of their peaceful destiny. This is Pan-Americanism. It has none of the spirit of empire in it. It is the em bodiment, the effectual embodiment, of the spirit of law and independence and liberty and mutual service. There is, I venture to point out, an espe cial significance just now attaching to this whole matter of drawing the Amer icas together in bonds of honorable part nership and mutual advantage because of the economic readjustments which the world must inevitably witness within the next generation, when peace shall have at last resumed its healthful tasks. In the performance of these tasks I believe the Americas to be destined to play their parts together. I am interested to fix your attention on this prospect now be cause unless you take it within your view and permit the full significance of It to command your thought I cannot find the right light in which to set forth the particular matter that lies at the very front of my whole thought as I ad dress you today. I mean national de fense. No one who really comprehends the spirit of the great people for whom we are appointed to speak can fail to per ceive that their passion is for peace, their genius best displayed in the practice of the arts of peace. Great democracies are not belligerent. They do not seek or de sire war. Their thought is of individual liberty and of the free labor that supports life and the uncensored thought that quickens it. Conquest and dominion are not in our reckoning, or agreeable to our principles. But just because we demand unmolested development and the undis turbed government of our own lives upon our own principles of right and liberty. We resent, from whatever quarter it may come, the aggression we ourselves will not practice. We insist upon security in prosecuting our self-chosen lines of na tional development. We do more than that. We demand it also for others. We do not confine our enthusiasm for indi vidual liberty and free national develop ment to the incidents and movements of affairs which affect only ourselves. We feel it wherever there is a people that tries to walk in these difficult paths of independence and right. From the first we have made common cause with all partisans of liberty on this side of the sea, and have deemed it as important that our neighbors should be free from all outside domination as that we our selves shov,d be; have set America aside as a whole for the uses of independent nations and political freemen. Might to Maintain Right. Out of such thoughts grow all our poli cies. We regard war merely as a means of asserting the rights of a people against aggression. And we are as fiercely jeal ous of coercive or dictatorial power with in our own nation as of aggression from without. We will not maintain a stand ing army except for uses which are as necessary in times of peace as in times of war; and we shall always see to it that our military peace establishment is no longer than is actually and continuous ly needed for the uses of days in which no enemies move against us. But we do believe in a body of free citizens ready and sufficient to take care of themselves and of the governments which they have set up to serve them. In our constitutions themselves we have commanded that "the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed." ad our confidence has been that our safety in times of danger would lie in the rising of the nation to take care of itself, as the farmers rose at Lexington. vTWar ?as never been a mere matter LnJ.gUn8- Tt is a thinS of disci Si Plht , " Ur Citizens ar "ver to 255 UVely Upon a sudden summons, they must know how modern fi?htinsr is 2omesa,to 7h'f t0 d When the smons avXJ" lkT-r th"msolves immediately the government must be their servant in this matter, must supply them with the training they need to take care of them selves and of it. The military arm 01 tneir governmentr which they will not allow to direct them, they may properly use 10 serve them and make their independence secure and not their own independence merely but the rights also of those with whom they have made common cause should they also be put in jeopardy. They must be fitted to play the great role in the world, and particularly in this hemisphere, for which they are quali fied by principle and by chastened amm tion to Dlay. It is with these ideals in mind that the plans of the department of war for more adequate national defense were conceived which will be laid before you, and wnicn I urge you to sanction and put into ef fect as soon as they can be properly scru tinized and discussed. They seem to me the essential first steps, and they seem to me for the present sufficient. They contemplate an increase of the standing force of the regular army rrom its present strength of 5,023 officers ana 102,985 enlisted men of all services to a strength of 7,136 officers and 134,707 en listed men. or 141,843, all told, all serv ices, rank and file, by the addition of 52 companies of coast artillery, 15 com panies of engineers, ten regiments of in fantry, four regiments of field artillery, and four aero squadrons, besides 750 offi cers required for a great variety of extra service, especially the all-important dutj' of training the citizen force of which I shall presently speak, . 792 non-commis sioned officers for service in drill, recruit ing and the like, and the necessary quota of enlisted men for the quartermaster corps, the hospital corps, the ordnance department and other similar auxiliary services. These are the additions neces sary to render the army adequate for its present duties, duties which it has to perform not only upon our own contl nental coasts and borders and at our in terior army posts, but also in the Phil ippines, in the Hawaiian islands, at the isthmus, and in Porto Rico. Force of Trained Citizens. By way of making the country ready to assert some part of its real power promptly and upon a larger scale, should occasion arise, the plan also contemplates supplementing the army by a force of 400,000 disciplined citizens, raised in incre ments of 133,000 a year throughout a pe riod of three years. This it is proposed to do by a process of enlistment under which the serviceable men of the coun try would be asked to bind themselves to serve with the colors for purposes of training for short periods throughout three years, and to come to the colors at call at any time throughout an addi tional "furlough" period of three years. This force of 400,000 men would be pro vided with personal accoutrements as fast as enlisted and their equipment for the field made ready to be supplied at any time. They would be assembled for train ing at stated intervals at convenient places in association with suitable units of the regular army. Their period of annual training would not necessarily ex ceed two months in the year. It would depend upon the patriotic feel ing of the younger men of the country whether they responded to such a call to service or not. It would depend upon the patriotic spirit of the employers ,of the country whether they made it possi ble for the younger men in their em ploy to respond under favorable condi tions or not. I. for one, do not doubt the patriotic devotion either of our young men or of those who give them employ ment those for whose benefit and protec tion they would in fact enlist. The program which will be laid before you by the secretory of the navy is sim ilarly conceived. It involves only a shortening of the time within which plans long matured shall be carried out; but it does make definite and explicit a program which has heretofore been only implicit, held in the minds of the committees on naval affairs and disclosed in the debates of the two houses but nowhere formu lated or formally adopted. It seems to me very clear that it will be to the ad vantage of the country for the congress to adopt a comprehensive plan for put ting the navy upon a final footing of strength and efficiency and to press that plan to completion within the next five years. We have always looked to the navy of the country as our first and chief line of defense; we have always seen it to be our manifest course of prudence to be strong on the seas. Year by year we have been creating a navy which now ranks very high indeed among the navies of the maritime nations. We should now definitely determine how we shall com plete what we have begun, and how soon. Program for the Navy. The secretary of the navy is asking also for the immediate addition to the personnel of the navy of 7,500 sailors, 2.500 apprentice seamen, and 1,500 marines. This increase would be sufficient to care for the ships which are to be completed within the fiscal year 1917 and also for the number of men which must be put in training to man the ships which will be completed early in 1918. It is also neces sary that the number of midshipmen at the naval academy at Annapolis should be increased by at least 300 in order that the force of officers should be more rap idly added to; and authority is asked to appoint for engineering duties only, ap proved graduates cf engineering colleges, and for service in the aviation corps a certain number of men taken from civil life. If this full program should be carried out we should have built or building in 1921, according to the estimates of surviv al and standards of classification followed by the general board of the department, an effective navy consisting of 27 battle ships of the first line, six battle cruisers, 25 battleships of the second line, ten ar mored cruisers, 13 scout cruisers, five first-class cruisers, three second-class cruisers, ten third-class cruisers, 108 de troyers, 18 fleet submarines, 157 coast sub marines, six monitors, 20 gunboats, four supply ships, 15 fuel ships, four trans ports, three tenders to torpedo vessels, eight vessels of special types, and two ammunition ships. This would be a navy fitted to our needs and worthy of our traditions. Trade and Shipping. But armies and instruments of war are only part of what has to be considered if we are to consider the supreme matter of national self-sufficiency and security in all its aspects. There are other great matters which will be thrust upon our at tention whether we will or not. There is, for example, a very pressing question of trade and shipping involved in this great problem of national adequacy. It is necessary for many weighty reasons of national efficiency and development that we should have a great merchant ma rine. The great merchant fleet we once used to make us rich, that great body of sturdy sailors who used to carry our flag into every sea. and who were the pride and often the bulwark of the nation, we have almost driven out of existence by inexcusable neglect and indifference and by a hopelessly blind and provincial pol icy tf so-called economic protection. It is high time we repaired our mistake and resumed our commercial independence on the seas. For it Is a question of independence. If other nations go to war or seek to hamper each other's commerce, our mer chants, it seems, are at their mercy, to do with as they please. We must use their ships, and use them as they deter mine. We have not ships enough of our own. We cannot handle our own com merce on the seas. Our independence is provincial, and is only on land and with in our own borders. We are not likely to be permitted to use even the ships of other nations In rivalry of their own trade, and are without means to extend our commerce even where tfie doors are wide open and our goods desired. Such a situation is not to be endured. It is of capital importance not only that the United States should be its own carrier on the seas and enjoy the economic in dependence which only an adequate mer chant marine would give it, but also that the American hemisphere as- a whole should enjoy a like independence and self- sufficiency, if it is not to be drawn into the tangle of European affairs. Without such independence the whole question of our political unity and self-determination is very seriously clouded and complicated indeed. Moreover, we can develop no true or ef fective American policy without ships of our own not ships of war, but ships of peace, carrying goods and carrying much more: creating friendships and render ing indispensable services to all interests on this side of the water. They must move constantly back and forth between the Americas. They are the only shuttles that can weave the delicate fabric of sympathy, comprehension, confidence and mutual dependence in which we clothe our policy ofAmerica for Americans. Ships Are Needed. The task of building up an adequate merchant marine for America private capital must ultimately undertake and achieve, as it has undertaken and achieved every other like task 'amongst us in the past, with admirable enterprise, intelligence and vigor; and It seems to me a manifest dictate of wisdom that we should promptly remove every legal ob stacle that may stand in the way of this much to be desired revival of our old in dependence and should facilitate in every . . . , M,J 1 J possiDie way tne Duiiqing, purcna.se ttnu American registration of ships. But cap ital cannot accomplish this great task of a sudden. It must embark upon it by de grees, as the opportunities of trade de velop. Something must be done at once; done to open routes and develop oppor tunities where they are as yet undevel oped; done to open the arteries of trade where the currents have not yet learned to run especially between the two Ameri can continents, where they are, singularly enough, yet to be created and quickened; and it is evident that only the govern ment can undertake sueh .beginnings and assume the initial financial risks. When the risk has passed and private capital begins to find its way in sufficient abund ance into these new channels, the gov ernment may withdraw. But it cannot omit to begin. It should take the first steps and should take them at once. Our goods must not lie piled up at our ports and stored upon sidetracks in freight cars which are daily needed on the roads; must not be left without means of transport to any foreign quarter.. We must not await the permission of foreign ship owners and foreign governments to send them where we will. With a view to meeting these pressing necessities of our commerce and availing ourselves at the earliest possible moment of the present unparalleled opportunity of linking the two Americas together in bonds of mutual interest and service, an opportunity which may never return again if we miss it now, proposals will be made to the present congress for the purchase or construction of ships to be owned and directed by the government similar to those made to the last con gress, but modified in some essential par ticulars. I recommend these proposals to you for your prompt acceptance with the more confidence because every month that has elapsed since the former pro posals were made has made the necessity for such action more and more mani festly imperative. Question of Finance. The plans for the armed forces of the nation which I have outlined, and for the general policy of adequate prepara tion for mobilization and defense, in volve of course very large additional ex penditures of money expenditures which will considerably exceed the estimated revenues of the government. It Is made my duty by law, whenever the estimates of expenditure exceed the estimates of revenue to call the attention of the con gress to the fact and suggest any means of meeting the deficiency that it may be wise or possible for me to suggest. I am ready to believe that it would be my duty to do so in any case; and I feel particu larly bound to speak of the matter when it appears that the deficiency will arise directly out of the adoption by the con gress ef measures which I myself urge it to adopt. Allow me, therefore, to speak briefly of the present state of the treasury and of the fiscal problems which the next year will probably dis close. On the thirtieth of June last there was an available balance in the general fund of the treasury of $104, 170. 105.78. The to tal estimated receipts for the year 1916, on the assumption that the emergency revenue measure passed by the last con gress will not be extended beyond its present limit, the thirty-first of Decem ber, 1915, and that the present duty of one cent per pound on sugar will be dis continued after the first of May, 1916, will be $670,365,500. The balance of June last and these estimated revenues come, therefore, to a grand total of $774,535,605.78. The total estimat-! disbursements for the present fiscal jear, including $25,000,000 for the Panama canal, $12,000,000 for prob able deficiency appropriations and $50,- 000 for miscellaneous debt redemptions, will be $753,891,000; and the balance in the general fund of the treasury will be re duced to $20,644,605.78. The emergency revenue act, if continued beyond its pres ent time limitatfon, would produce, dur ing the half year then remaining, about forty-one millions. The duty of one cent per pound on sugar, if continued, would produce during the two months of the fiscal year remaining after the first of May, about fifteen millions. These two sums, amounting together to $56,000,000, If added to the revenues of the second half of the fiscal year, would yield the treasury at the end of the year an avail able balance of $76,644,605.78. The additional revenues required to carry out the program of military and navai preparation oi wnicn l nave spok en, would, as at present estimated, be for the fiscal year 1917, $93,800,000. Those figures, taken with the figures for the present fiscal year which I have already given, disclose our financial problem for the year 1917. How shall we obtain the new revenue? It seems to me a clear dictate of pru dent statesmanship and frank finance that in what we are now, I hope, about to undertake we should pay as we eo. The people of the country are entitled to know just what burdens of taxation they are to carry, and to know from the outset, now. Tne new Dills should be paid by in ternal taxation. To what sources, then, shall we turn? We would be following an almost uni versal example of modern governments if we were to draw the greater part or even the whole of the revenues we need from the income taxes. By somewhat lowering the present limits of exemption ana tne ngure at wbich the surtax shall begin to be imposed, and by increasing step by step throughout the present grad uation, the surtax itself, the income taxes as at present apportioned would yield sums sumcient to balance the books of the treasury at the end of the fiscal year 1917 without anywhere maktne the bur den unreasonably or oppressively heavy The precise reckonings are fully and ac curately set out in the report of the sec retary of the treasury, which will be im mediately laid before you. And there are many additional of revenue which can justly be resorted to without hampering the industries of 'he country or putting any too great narge upon individual expenditure. A one per cent tax per gallon on gasoline ana naptha would yWI. at the presont estimated production, $10,000,000; a tax of 50 cents per horsepower on a"0""?8 and internal explosion engines, $15,000,000, a stamp tax on bank checks, probably $18,000,000; a tax of 25 cents per ton on pig iron, $10,000,000; a tax of 50 cents per ton on fabricated iron and steel, proba bly $10,000,000. In a country of great in dustries like this it ought to be easy to distribute the burdens of taxation with out making them anywhere bear too heavily or too exclusively upon any one set of persons or undertakings. What is clear is, that the industry of this gener ation should pay the bills of this genera tion. "The Danger Within. I have spoken to you today, gentlemen, upon a single theme, the thorough prep aration of the nation to care for its own security and to make sure of entire freedom to play the impartial role in this hemisphere and in the world which we all believe to have been providentially assigned to it. I have had in mind no thought of any immediate or particular danger arising out of our relations with other nations. We are at peace with all the nations of the world, and there is reason to hope that no question in con troversy between this and other govern ments will lead to any serious breach of amicable relations, grave as some differ ences of attitude and policy have been and may yet turn out to be. I am sorry to say that the gravest threats against our national peace and safety have been uttered within our own borders. There are citizens of the United States, I blush to admit, born under other flags but welcomed under our generous naturalization laws to the full freedom and opportunity ol America, who have poured the poison of disloyalty into the very arteries of our national life; who have sought to bring the authority and good name of our gov ernment into contempt, to destroy our in dustries wherever they thought it effec tive for their vindictive purposes to strike at them, and to debase our politics to the uses of foreign intrigue. Their number is not great as compared with the whole number of those sturdy hosts by which our nation has been enriched in recent generations out of virile foreign stocks; but it Is great enough to have brought deep disgrace upon us and to have made it necessary that we should promptly make use of processes of law by which we may be purged of their corrupt dis tempers. America never witnessed any thing like this before. It never dreamed it possible that men sworn into its own citizenship, men drawn out of great free stocks such as supplied some of the best and strongest elements of that little, but how heroic, nation that in a high day of old staked its very life to free itself from every entanglement that had darkened the fortunes of the older nations and set up a new standard here that men of such origins and such free choices ol allegi ance would ever turn in malign reaction against the government and people who had welcomed and nurtured them and seek to make this proud country once more a hotbed of European passion. A little while ago such a thing would have seemed incredible. Because it was In credible we made no preparation for it. We would have been almost ashamed to prepare for it, as if we were suspicious of ourselves, our own comrades and neighbors! But the ugly and incredible has actually come about and we are with out adequate federal laws to deal with it. I urge you to enact such laws at the earliest possible moment and feel that in so doing I am urging you to do noth ing less than save the honor and self respect of the nation. Must Be Crushed Out. Such creatures of passion, disloyalty and anarchy must be crushed out. They are not many, but they are infinitely ma lignant, and the hand of our power should close over them at once. They have formed plots to destroy property, they have entered into conspiracies against the neutrality of the government, they have sought to pry into every confidential transaction of the government in order to serve interests alien to our own. It is possible to deal with these things very effectually. I need not suggest the terms in which they may be dealt with. I wish that it could be said that only a few men, misled by mistaken sentiments of allegiance to the governments under which they were born, had been guilty of disturbing the self-possession and misrep resenting the temper and principles of the country during these days of terrible war, when it would seem that every man who was truly an American would in stinctively make it his duty and his pride to keep the scales of judgment even and prove himself a partisan of no nation but his own. But it cannot. There are some men among us, and many resident abroad who, though born and bred in the Unit ed States and calling themselves Amer icans, have so forgotten themselves and their honor as citizens as to put their passionate sympathy with one or the oth er side in the great European conflict above their regard for the peace and dig nity of the United States. They also preach and practice disloyalty. No laws, I suppose, can reach corruptions of the mind and heart; but I should not speak of others without also speaking of these and expressing the even deeper humilia tion and scorn which every self-posseosd and thoughtfully patriotic American must feel when he thinks of them and of the discredit they are daily bringing upon us. Many conditions about which we have repeatedly legislated are being altered from decade to decade, it is evident, un der our very eyes, and are likely to change even more rapidly and more radically in the days immediately ahead of us, when peace has returned to the world and na tions of Europe once more take up their tasks of commerce and industry with the energy of those who must bestir them selves to build anew. Just what these changes will be no one can certainly fore see or confidently predict. There are no calculable, because no stable, elements In tne problem. The most we can do is to make certain that we have the necessary instrumentalities of information constant ly at our service so that we may be sur that we know exactly what we are deal ing with when we come to act, if it should be necessary to act at all. We must first certainly know what it is that we are seeking to adapt ourselves to. I may ask the privilege of addressing you more at length on this important matter a little later in your session. Transportation Problem. The transportation problem is an ex ceedingly serious and pressing one in this country. There has from time to time of late been reason to fear that our rail roads would not much longer be able to cope with it successfully as at present equipped and co-ordinated. I suggest that it would be wise to provide for a commission of inquiry to ascertain by a thorough canvass of the whole question whether our laws as at present framed and administered are as serviceable as they might be in the solution of the prob lem. It is obviously a problem that lies at the very foundation of our efficiency as a people. Such an inquiry ought to draw out every circumstance and opinion worth considering apd we need to know all sides of the matter if we mean to do anything in the field of federal legisla tion. For what we are seeking now, what in my mind is the single thought of this message, is national efficiency and se curity. We serve a great nation. We should serve it in the spirit of its peculiar genius It is the genius of common men for self-government, industry, justice, lib erty and peace. We should see to it that it lacks no instrument, no facility or vigor of law, to make it sufficient to play its part with energy, safety, and assured success. In this we are no partisans but heralds and prophet" - new a?e. Another Evidence of Progress . . Two Wonderful New Machines, That Add, Subtract, Make Statements and Do Bookkeeping, Added to the Equipment of the Commercial National Bank of High Point EVER SINCE the establishment of the Commercial National Bank , nearly twenty-five years ago, it has ben the chief aim of the Directors and Officers, aside from affording absolute safety for deposits, to provide facilities and equipment which will assure our custom ers the maximum of convenience and satisfaction in the handling of their financial affairs. Pursuant to this policy, two of the latest time-saving devices have been purchased for the keeping of accounts and the rendering zf statements, which we believe, will be far superior to the old method Open ao account with this bank and receive a statement that is neat, accurate and easily understood The Commercial National Bank of High Point Capital Stock $150,000.00. Surplus and Profits $146,369.08 Deposits, Nearly a Million Dollars. 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