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The State Chronicle. ESTABLISHED 1877. lO.SElMUS DANIELS, Editor. a alt: Riii, n. c, . .OCT. 25, 18-89. public Office is a Family Koost. Well, whfuwe look around and see what is bffiiK done in this State under JJIr. liar rison. we are lully convinced that the saying is akia to gospel truth. tireeus lioro North State Kepublican. THIS IS FOR YOU. u this 05th of October, 1S89, we find that a litre? number of our subscribers are behind in their subscription. A rough calculation shows us that while these indi vidual amounts are small the aggregate is more than two thousand dollars. Oar terms of subscription are CASH IN ADVANCE but at the rt quest of many good parties and for other reasons we have not strictly adhered to that good rule, and the conse qucuce is that many of our subscribers a:e in debt to us. We f "el that all that is necessary is to t ! t i'vir attention to their indebtedness and to request them to remit the amount due ;.r papers already received and Foil v e w.ar in advance, hook on your label. It it reads OCTOBER 1st, lxsy, or any date in 1889, or 18s8 or year prior to 18U, that is notice that you are in debt to the State Chronicle. This is to say to m: vi e neea tne money auu iu as uii l to remit by return mail. HOW TO RE-MIT. Look on your label. If it reads October lt-t-8. you owe us 2.00 up to date. Buy a postal note for $4.00, or send that in a registered letter, and it will pay your in debtedness and one year's subscription in aia av e. In reckoning up your account, remember that the subscription price is A ,i.i0 per year; 1.00 for six months; 50 cents for thiee months: and 16 cents for one mouth. Keeping these prices in mind you can make out your account from the l.t'.-e! on your paper. FOR NEXT YEAR ".Ve intend to make the Chronicle bet ter for the coming year than it has ever Oeeu. i ou will want it. it win oe oei-u-r as a li'erary paper, better as a news paper, and better as a political paper than ever before. FINALLY, BRETHREN. -i?"VVe expect every man who owes us to rtmit AT ONCE. The crops have been g.iiiicted and most of them sold. Money is more plentiful than it has been. Address letters and remittances plainly to The State Chronicle, Raleigh, N. C. THE CROSS AND WHITE CASE. It W as Argued Tuesday in the United Stales Supreme Court. Special to the STATE CHRONICLE. Wj s H I N iTON, D. C, Oct. 22. The case of Cross and White againt the State of 2" rt'.i Carolina was argued in the Supreme Court of the United States to-day. W. II, H.. r.ry, Esq., made an elaborate and wertut argument in oenair or cross ana . and Attorney General Davidson t.nted fully and strongly the case for State. Mr. Henry made a motion for i r th a certiorari because of a defect in the re cord, bur the defect was cured by amend ment and the writ was denied. The point presents a great question of State and Federal jurisdiction . Granville. We et hushed last week the opinions of a number of editors in regard to the Boyle verdict. The News-Observer complains that we did that paper injustice because we said:' The News and Observer declares with out going into detail that the verdict was error. Certainly we intended no injustice, and we .-ought to abbreviate the remarks of ou r contemporary merely because we want ed t -ave- space. The article in the News and Observer to which we did refer was as follows: We s.iid yesterday that there was con siderable diversity of opinion here as to the correctness of the verdict in the Boyle c;..-e. horn what we learn the sentiment is very generally entertained that the jury erred. We make it a rule never to do any man or paper injustice, and hence make this full extract promptly. The Chronicle hears that at a meeting held a few days ago the Cherokee Indians unanimously agreed to sell lands to the government for Geronimo and his band. They desire more Indians in their section lecause, say they, it will make the Indians stronger. There are now 1,200 Indians iu Swain and Graham. We are also inform ed that the people have changed their opinion and that most of them f;;vor lo eating the Indians there because the gov ernment will send troops to guard them visitors wnl come to see them and both will bring money into the country. At torney General Davidson bitterly opposes locating them in Western North Carolina and t-;nys that it would tend to keep away honest and desirable white settlers. The Ciikoxjcle desires to ask this ques tion of its contemporaries who are criti cizing the Governor because he does not prevent lynching: What can the Governor legally do.' He will do nothing illegal and the papers would not advise that. No doubt Governor Fowle will be thankful if they will outline a course which would prevent any violation of law, such as lynch ing. Tell how the Governor can stop it, gen tlemen, or quit criticizing him. . . . .Maj. I'inger has very decided views about the public schools. He says there is entirely too much laddation of -t system of schools which runs only three months and is inefficient and that North Carolina will never have better schools until the people see that better ones are needed. THE SOLDIERS' HOME. The meeting of the Confederate Veter ans' Association in Raleigh last week took a step that makes it necessary for every man who loves the old soldiers of the State to fall into line and help, or abandon all idea of giving the neede-d aid to dis abled and needy veterans. It was decided to have a Soldiers' Home. Col. Heck's generous offer was accepted. This gives the Association a brick house with thirty rooms and five acres of land in a healthy section. This is sufficient for the present, but this generous oiler cannot be availed of unlessthe people contribute the money to care for the old soldiers who will go to the Home. Heretofore there has been a difference of opinion as to whether there was need of a Home and whether the soldiers would so to it. Other plans were proposed. At the meeting last week the official utter ance of the Confederate Veterans' Associ- favnr nf a Home, there is tit 1UU r? a - ... - nr.'cr room for longer differences If tnere ie cnuereuces, iun mui monized. Everv man who wants to help v t - V, , fill .k V.-1T"- the brave old veterans must do it through the medium of the proposed Home, or not at all. We have delayed long enough and many a man who fought bravely and well hi rnne to his lone home and '"been in his e narrow cell forever laid," feeling that hi sr.itp rbd not nrooeriv appreciate his sac rifices for her in the days that tried men's souls. Many of them died in poverty some of them probably in want. This is not creditable to us. Our love for the he roes and our State pride ought not to per mit it ever to be so again. We claim that North Carolina had the largest number of soldiers in the Confede rate army of any State in the South: our proud boast is that we lost more men. killed and wounded, than any other Southern State, that we bore certainly our share of the heat and burden of the day. If we parade all over the country and make these claims then it does look like, if all the other Southern States finds it nec essary to provide a Soldiers' Home, that North Carolina, the State that claims to have furnished and did furnish, the lar gest quota of soldiers to the army of anv other State, and lost more men, killed and wounded, than any other Stite Cv rtainly deserves a Home and cer tainly needs a Home. The right men are at the head of the movement, but no men can make the Home a success unless they have the act ive and earnest and enthusiastic co-opera tion of the Confederate Veterans' Associ ation in everv county in the State. This year there have been many eterans meetings, and big dinners, and big speeches, and big jollifications. We have glorified the Confederate soldier and he richly deserves all the eulogy that the most elconent orator can pay. but it is not praise or eulogy now that is wanted. They are all very well if they are an earn est of practical help. They are worthless and worse than worthless if it is proposed to stop with eulogies. Fine words butter no parsnips. If all the men who believe the eulogies they pronounce will put their shoulder to the wheel, go to work and aid President Carr and his co officers we can have 100,000 in hand for the Home by the first of January. But if the veterans in Currituck, Wake, Iredell, Cherokee.and the other counties fold their hands and say: "Mr. Carr is a rich and generou man. He will not let the Home fail. He will provide the money and I am poor and need not help, lauure ana only i .iiure can come to the enterprise. It is true Mr. Carr is a man of large wealth and that he is by all odds the most lib?ral, generous, and great hearted rich man iu the State. God be praised that we have such a man at the head of the Home movement! But Mr. Carr has a thou sand demands upon his purse and if he were willing and able to carry on the Home, the people of North Carolina ought not to allow it. It is enough that he give his time to the work and contribute liber ally to its needs. That he will do. There are plenty of men in North Carolina who are able to give as liberally as Mr. Carr, and they ought to do it, and the people have a right to expect it of them. But if Mr. Carr, and Mr. Cameron, and Mr. Tucker, and Mr. Heck, and Mr. Hawkins, and Mr. Andrews, and the Moreheads and the other rich men of the State were disposed to contribute enough money to run the Confederate Home, the Chronicle would not be willing to allow them to do it alone. Every old soldier in the State worth as much as $500; every officer in the State who owes his position to the votes and support of the brave ve teransand all of them owe their posi tion to them; every young man in the State who honors the old soldiers and loves the fair name of his glorious com monwealth; and every woman who mourns those who gave their lives to the Lost Cause all these ought to have the oppor tunity and the high privilege of helping to give a pleasant Home in the evening of life to the soldier who gave his best days to the service of his State and country. There are 1,0J0 subscribers to the Chronicle who ought to give at least $100 each, this would make $100,000. There is another thousand who ought to give $50 each this would make $50,000 There is another thousand who ought to give $25 each this would make $25,000, and there is another thousand who ought to give $10 each this would make $10,000. If the subscribers to the Chronicle alone would give the above amounts and they ARE ABUNDANTLY ABLE TO DO IT AS WE know the fund would amount to $185, 000. We have made this calculation after carefully examining our list of 5,000 sub scribers, and allowing 1,000 who are not able to give anything. We know that hard as the times are these amounts could be given by our subscribers alone without great inconvenience, and with a very little self denial. It would be a great thing for the subscribers to the pa per which was edited by the heroic Ran dolph A. Shotwell to take the lead in contributions to the Soldiers' Home. All contributions or pledges sent us will be acknowledged in these columns and turned over to the proper authorities. There are few of our subscribers who are not more able to give to this cause than the editor of this paper. But we feel that the need for a Home for the Veterans is pressing. We know that the honor of the State is at stake, and we will not call upon our readers to make any self-denial in order to aid a good cause which we are unwilling to make. The State Chronicle will give $100 to the Confederate Veterans' Home. Let 1,000 of its readers do likewise and do it at once. PHASES OF THE N'EURO QUESTION. Number 1 . Everybody discusses the negro problem and most writers have a theory which they believe would settle it. One believes that its solution is to be found in coloniza tion, another in miscegenation, another in scattering the negroes in every State and territory, and another in keeping them iu the South and giving them every right and privilege, both social and politi cal, that a white man enjoys. There are other theories advanced almost as many as there are writers. It is noticeable that those who know the least of the negro have the least trouble in reaching their conclusions and are more certain that if their views were adopted the question would be settled. It is equally noticeable that those who understand the negro and his environments, who are mes. anxious to advance his best interests, to promote his welfare, and to secure a peaceful and satisfactory settlement of the troublesome questions that constantly arise, are most perplexed and doubtful about the remedy, if there be a remedy. No public question has concerned us more and to none have we given more thought. After much reading on all lines of the discussion; life long acquaintance with the negro and life long regard for him; and a knowledge of his environments, his capacities and his character, we have coma to the eouclusiou that all these much advertised nostrums known as '-theories," "solutions," and remedies" fall far short of the real trou- ble. and that most cf them are not worthy of consideration. It is our conviction that Abraham Lincoln, probably the greatest and certainly the most patriotic of the leaders of the North, uttered the wisest words when questioned as the future of the negro. He said in substance that in His providence God had brought the negro to Ami rica as a slave in Ilis provi dence He had liberated him, and that He would direct the destiny of the race. If we did not abide in the belief that an All Wise Providence directs ail our ways and that He rules the universe we could see nothing in the history of the past or in the phases of the present public attitude on the Question to lead us to hope for an early or peaceful solution. The negro has been a freeman for about twenty years, lie has had tne bahot ana has raiely failed to vote. He came into citizenship with little besides ignorance of laws and parties. Naturally he attached himself to the Republican party. By rea son of his vote corrupt white men and corrupt negroes had a few years of venal prodigality. Then they were turned out of office and the Democrats came into power. It is charged that in the far South they came into power and remain iu until this day by a suppression of the ne gro vote. This is not generally denied, but defended upon the grounel that it is necessary to prevent ignorant and corrupt rule and confiscation of property. Since 1870 there has been comparative quiet and peace iu the South until this year of Harrisonian rule. Now there seems to be a restlessness among the negroes and a dissatisfaction. The negro is not alone responsible for this, nor has he been the moviug spirit in all the evils that have alllicted the South for a quarter of a cen tury. Rather he has been the passive and most often unintentional instrument. But he has largely been the sufferer. He sees the breach between himself and the white race gradually broadening. He listens to the falsehoods of his leaders - and he makes up his mind to emigrate. For the negro tne people ot tne Soutn have a very warm place iu their hearts. Eliminate politics and there would be little heard of race prejudice and race trouble. But the question of politics will not down and the white men of the South are determined to control their affairs and to prevent so cial equality and miscegenation. Histo rians tell us that no two distinct races ever lived together on terms of equali ty they either inter-married or the stronger drove out the weaker. There need be no fear of general inter-marriage or miscegenation in the South. "The honor or the South, its laws, and its customs are all pledged to prevent it. The negroes do not desire it as a body. All self-respecting ones have pride of race, and stand squarely against all inter-marriage. If the future of the negro is to be in the South, he must continue to be what he has always been, except to be better educated and better paid for his labor which must be of a better quality. He netd not hope to rule or to secure political honors. They will forever be denied him except iu a ft w instances. This state of affairs is the only one iu which the negro and white man can peacefully live side by side. We should hate to see all the negroes leave and we do not believe the day will ever come when the State will see them, or more thau half of them, leave its borders. But. they must stay, if they stay, upon the above conditions. The relations between the races are be coming more strained every year. This is not due to the negroes here in the South so much as to the acts of the Northern negroes and their white friends, so called. A few days ago a State Conference of ne groes was held in Springfield, 111. An ad dress was issued declaring for the aboli tion of separate schools for the races and for the employment of negro teachers. Nor is that all. The National Leader, edited by a son of Fred Douolass, has demanded the commingling of white and colored children in the same school. Here is what it says : "As long as the separate school system is adhered to, based upon color, prejudice will never die out, and will always work to the great disadvantage of the colored citizen. The continuance of this error works great hardships to the rising gener ation among the colored people and keeps up ill feeling among l.oth colored and white citizens. No discrimination should be made among American citizens in any thing supported by the public. The schools are created and maintained for the benefit of the pupils, and whatever works to their disadvantage should be abolished." Nor is this all. Congressman Julius Caesah Burrows, of Michigan, who is now canvassing Virginia for the Republi cans, voted for the Civil Rights bill in Congress and refused to vote for a bill in Congress that provided for separate schools, saying: "Mr. Speaker, I now desire to call the attention of the House to that proviso of SOME the bill which allows the separate estab lishment of schools where the local au thorities shall so determine. IN NO EVENT can I give this proviso my sup port." This is the man who is to woo the white people of the South to the Republican par ty. He hates the Southern people as the following extract from one of his speeches fully proves: "Wrongs the most cruel, ostracism the most malignant, crimes the most revolting. revolutions the most unpro VOKED. CONSPIRACIES THE MOST MONSTROUS, PERSECUTIONS THE MOST RELENTLESS, RIOTS THE MOST BLOODY, AND MURDER THE MOST FOUL HAVE CHARACTERIZED THIS ERA OF SOUTHERN REPENTANCE and RETURNING LOYALTY." And men who breathe out such venom are the leaders whom the Southern ne groes follow to their own hurt, and thus widen the breach. N or are these utterances and statements the half. The Northern Republicans are determined to precipitate a troublesome question upon the South by passing a Federal Election Law. To do this, they expect and must have the vote of the Southern Congressmen. The negro is the subject of all this discussion. The men who are advocating this new departure do not want this law, but they want Southern electoial votes and they are denouncing Southern white men from one end of the country to the other. As the partially inno cent cause of the dissension the advocacy of this law will engender the negro. He sees these things and hears an hundred other similar expressions as above quoted, and both he and the Southern white men seem impotent to change the current that widens the breach . Tne con servative Southern negro and the wise Southern whites could live together in peace if partizanship and sectional hate and rancor were unknown. So much by way of introduction. In the weeks that follow we shall preseut the educational, religious, political, and social phases of this question, and shall give the views of more than one prominent thought ful man. PERSONAL AND SOCIAL. R.v. T. De Witt Tahnage sails October :!0. by the City of Paris, for Palestine, to gather materials and impressions for the life of Christ, which he is writing. Geu. R. B. Vance was advertised tospeak to the Alliance at Salisbury on circus day. The Watchman savs that the people pre pared to hear the stale jokes of the clown and see the animals to acquiring informa tion. R"v. James Atkins. I). I)., of Asheville, has been unanimously elected President of Emory A: Henry College in Virginia. He is o;;e of the brainiest and wisest men liv ing m North Carolina, as well as one of the best. Mr. W. T. Jones, of Carthage, the handsome member of the celebrated firm I of Tvson fc Jones, carriage builders, of i Carthage, was in Raeigh. He was re I turning from the annual meeting of the j Carriage Builders' Association, which has j be. n iu session at Syracuse, N. V. It was j a big meeting of big men - the kind of j men who literally make the world go j round The Chronicle is pleased to on 'stive that Mr. Jones was elected vice ! President of the Convention. He really j deserved the honor. ' "JeiTerson I a vis," said L. M. Weston. of Michigan, to a New York World re i porter, "was the pioneer lumberman of the Northwest. Ttiat part of his career j is not very well known. After his mar i riage to t be dauutiter of Ztchary Taylor, j Davis, who wa.-. a heuU-uMit in the army, j went to Fort Ct.ippewa. iu Wisconsin. He built a saw mi'.! r'.ere and ran it for more t !:n a year. This was nOout ten years befoie the M.i- au war. I a is" mill was Tile first one to erected in the west. It is still standing. I be';, ve Had he stuck to lumbering h fortune." d Lae made- a great The Ext lit ol tlie Pi-ily Loyalty of the s-oullieiii I u hlUun . firee.i.-boro North State, Hep.! Gen. Chalmers has declined the Repub lican nomination for Governor of Missis sippi. He says the white people are throw ing such obstacles in his way that he can not hope to be treated fairly. Now, he and his friends will proceed to Washing ton and play the role of martyrs. This is the old story. The general run of office seekers in the South care nothing about their tarty. They want to play a big hand at Washington. That is ail they are after. The people ought to take a hand and place this class of gentry where they belong. lion. Jeireison Davis. Wilmington Messenger. If he shall at last telegraph or write that he is coming what rejo;ting there will be. North Carolinians will delight to pay him honor. Grand man, he can well adopt the language of Shakespeare: "What I did. I did in honor, Led by th' impartial conduct of my soul; And never shall you see, that I will beg A ragged and forestall! remission.'' lie Patriotically Prefers "orth Carolina Col. W. L. Steele in Advocate. I prefer North Carolina to any place which I have seen. No land destitute of trees in the valleys, and on which no rain falls during the summer months, would suit my tastes. Too many people are, like Rasselas, looking for greener fields, more sparkling water, more balmy air, beyond their native hills, and these usually meet with his fate sad disappointment. There is room here for men of brain and energy. W ants the Fair to Kotate. Col. F. A. Olds. Captain S. B. Alexander says he thinks the State F'air ought to be moed about for instance, one year in Raleigh, another year at Wilmington, then at Asheville, etc He thinks it would induce more Eastern people to see the mountains and Western people to see the sea, etc. Three out of five Fa'rs should be held in Raleigh. He will urge the adoption of such a plan. Not Expert Hut True Testimony. The Statesville Landmark says that "the adulterated red liquor," manufactured by tne Western Whiskey ring, will kill its customers twice as fast as "the pure liquors male in the mountain sections of the Southern States." But they will all kill if one will drink long enough. It is only a question of time. Editor. lie Oi!ti't Smoke. Raleigh Call. A smart joung lady recently entered a railway carriage already occupied by three or four members of the opposite sex. One of them in the familiar style we kuow so well, produced a cigar and his match box and said: "I trust, madam, that smoking is not disagreeable to you?" "Really, sir," (with the sweetest of smiles) "I can't tell, for as yet no gentleman has smoked in my presence!" COL. L. L. POLK IS RECEIVED WITH AN OVATION AT ATLANTA. He Makes an Excellent Speech to the Farmers' Alliance .Tien and Others His Speech. Special to the State Chronicle. Atlanta, Ga., Oct. 24, '89. The special car sent by the Atlanta Exposition to carry Col. L. L. Polk and his friends, who are the guests of the Exposition, to the Atlan ta Exposition left Raleigh Tuesday after noon. It was a delightful trip and the parry arrived in Atlanta in excellent con dition and fine spirits. The following composed the party: Col. L. L. Polk, editor Progressive Farmer; Misses Carrie and Lonnie Polk; Mr. and Mrs. Josephus Daniels; Mr. w. g. Upchurch, President of the N C. Agricultural Society; Mr A. H. Hayes, of Swain county who is Vice- President of the N C. Farmer's Alliance; Mr D. H. Rittenhouse. of Halifax; Mr. N. B. Eroughton, of Raleigh; and Mr. Hal. W. Ayer of the Raleigh Daily Call. It was expected that President Elias Carr, and ex President Capt. S. B. Alexander, of the State Alliance, would be in the party. Capt. Alexander's engagement to speak HttheGoldsboro Fairand Mr. Carr's business engagements prevented their going. To-dny is a grand occasion in Georgia Twenty thousand people are in the Pied mont Exposition grounls in Atlanta, a large proportion being farmers. This morning the Raleigh guests or the expo sition were taken to the grounds in car riages under escort of prominent citizens, headed by two splendid brass bauds. The visitors are receiving unlimited courtesies, favors and attention. The Raleigh party will be bauquetted to night at the residence of Hoke Smith, Esq., President of the Atlanta Journal Company. He is a former North Caro linian. At the grounds Henry W. Grady, ed itor of the Atlanta Constitution, opened the special exercises in one of his magnifi cent s-peeches, prayer was offered by Rev. Dr. Barnett, while the vast concourse stood with uncovered heads. Mayor Glenn, of Atlanta, delivered an address of wel come. After this Hon. Evans Junes, of Texas, I'rc-i lent of the National Farmers and Laborers Association, addressed the people. His speech was received with great appreciation. He was followed by the President of the Georgia State Far mers' Alliance, whose address was no less cordially received. Then Col. L. L. Polk, President of the Inter State Farmers' Convention, and Secretary of the N. C. Farmers' Alliance, was introduced. He was given an ova tion. He thrilled the great gathering of iconic. His speech was pronounced one of the finest ever made in Georgia. COL. POLK'S SPEECH. We are glad to present a copy of Col IN lk"s speech to our readers in this Chuon icle He spoke as follows: Ladies and Gentlemen: For this distinguished honor, conferred through the kind partiality of the Board ot Managers ot tnis great Exposition, desire to express my warm appreciation and my most grateful acknowledgements An honor uoumy dear to my neart, since I c une as the representat ive of a State and a people whose regard for Georgia and h r people is as tender, as loyal, as fra ternal and as sincere as that expressed in i he beautiful and touching language of Ruth to Naomi. Bound to you by the ordeal of common suifriijg, the glories of common triumph, t he tender ties of blood and kinship and sharing in cotnmou the cherished deeds and trad.tions of the past, the opportuni ty s :i'id duties of the preseut. the inviting promise and responsibilities of the future, North Carolina hails her queen' v sister the Empire State of the South, with the assurance and pledge of her profound iu t rest, her unwavering fidelity aud her sincere sympathy iu all that pertaiLs to the promotion and development of your magnificent commonwealth. Yesterday, from my ear window, I gazed through the hazy instance on the picturesque beauty and billowed grandeur of a vast and magnificent mountaiuous plauteau. Across and through it has been drawn an imaginary State line. But the clouds, the glad sunshine, the pearly waters, bursting from their rock-bound homes, "mid its lofty heights, the invigor ating atmosphere- all m their missions ot mercy, disdain this prescribed limitation m distributing and dispensing their bless ings; thus typifying in physical nature that harmonious fraternity of spirit, that cordial congeniality of sentiment, that earnest sympathy and devotion which ob literates names, distinctions, divisions and State lines, in all matters common to the people of our two St ttes. We rejoice in your prosperity. In the marvelous transformation wrought out by your enterprise, sturdy energy and in domitable perseverance, as illustrated in the growth of your villages, towns and cities, the expansion of your diversifis-d industries and the superb display of the products of 3 our soils and skilled labor in these spacious grounds and immense build ings, we find evidences of those high qualities of manhood, that shall, under Divine favor, lead our State and the South to higher development and grander achiev inv.A t :au has, perhap , t v. r b!e.-t a people- in ail history. Witn your genial climate, which is almost continental in its scope; with s ils capable of producing nearly all the chief agricultural products of this vast country; your immense timber wealth, your splendid water-powers, your rich mineral resources, with a territory capable of sustaining a population of 12, 000,000 equal to the entire populatiou of the Empire of Brazil with ail the inher ent elements for developing your State into a great agricultural and industrial empire where, i i all the earth, has t he (rod of Nature vouchsafed to man a herit age so princely and grand, a home so charming aud delightful? Among the many seductive considera tions presented in the cordial and cour teous letter of invitation from my gifted friend Mr. Grady, was the fact that this is the Alliance and Farmers' day of your Exposition. This recognition of the great agricultural interest is as just aud con siderare as it is graesfu land appropriate, for in the South it represents seventy one per cent of our population and thirty eisht ner cent of the entire atrieiiltiirn! population of the United States, it rep resents 12, 000, 000, 000 in lands; 1,750, 000.000 in live stock; 500,000,000 in im plements and machinery, aud $4, 000. 000, 090 in the annual preducts of its labor It supplies over 72 per cent ot our domes tic exports and pays four -fifths of the taxes of the country . The entire human family is dependent on it for raiment aud daily food. The great propelling power which freights and drives our ponderous trains to and fro over our 150,000 miles of railway, which sends our ships of com merce to the ports of the world, which keeps in motion the vast machinery of all our industries, is the muscle of the strong and brawny arm of the American farmer. We rej jice at the wonderful and mar velous progress in the arts and sciences, in transportation facilities, in mining and I manufacturing, in the growth of towns j and cities, as developed within the past two decades, ana which was so grapnicai- ly described last week by your distin guished guest and speaker, Gov. Hill, of New ork. The growth of the country under ag gressive American enterprise has excited the wonder and admiration or tne woria. Steam and electricity, those twin giants of power, have been harnessed to the blazing chariot of American progress and have startled and staggered the human mind by their marvelous achievements. The nations of the earth now sit down in fam ily conference. Steel rails, electricity, the steamship, the steam power press and the locomotive have revolutionized the industries and commerce of the world. Twenty-five years ago here stood the wreck of a country town. The Genius of ruin and desolation waved his black seep tre in fiendish triumph over these hills and plains, while they trembled and quiv ered under the giant tramp of the war gods and the reverberations of thundering ing cannon. To day we behold with pride your beautiful and flourishing- city. The grand rumbling of your trains, the inspir ing scream of whistles, the ringiug clatter of hammer and trowel, the musical hum of looms and spindles, the swelling din of workshops and factories, the tramp of your busy thousands, the tinkling ring or hammer and anvil, all join to swell the grand chorus of the world's happy song of industrial progress. In all Ihis, I say, the farmers and oatriots of the land most hr arti.y rejoice. But m this rapid development of our civilization forces have been evolved socially, industrially, morally and polili callv, which are dangerous alike to the liberty of the citizen and to the life of the republic, and the contemplation of which must arouse serious apprehension it not tlarm m every redacting patriot m our land. Mighty problems confront us and must be met in a spirit of fairness, of justice and of equity. We stand iu the crucial era of onr free institutions, of our Repub lican form of government and of our Christian civilization. "Equal rights to all and special privileges to none"' is one of the fundamental principles of our gov ernment and must le observed and main tained if we would preserve a vigorous and healthful condition in our eneonomio systems and perpetuate and advance our civilization. In our astounding develop ment and almost bewildering progress let us strive against the domination of one element over another. A just and safe equipoise between the great industries or material elements of our civilization must be maintained. And on this day it may be appropriate and profitable for the thousands of repre sentatives of the great agricultural inter ests here assembled to take a brief but faithful survey of the situation Retro gression in American agriculture means iiational decline, national decay and ulti mate and inevitable ruin. The glory of our civilization c innot sur vive the neglect of our agriculture; the power and grandeur of our country cannot survive the degradation of the American farmer. Railroads, villages, towns, cities, manu facturing enterprise in all its departments, mercantile and speculative enterprise and corporations, flourish and prosper as never before in our history, and yet there are hundreds of "thousands of farmers hon est, economical, industrious farmers, who have tilled good lands, have worked hard and live 1 hard and are in worse condition financially, to-day, than they were twen ty five years ago. In 1800 the farmers of the United States numbered one half our population and owned one half the wealth of the country. In 1S80, though still about one-half our population, the-y owned only one fourth the wealth of the country. From 185o to 1SG0 they had increased the value of their farms 101 per cent. From 1ST0 to 1SS0 the increase was only 9 per cent and yet our agricultural population had increased over 2i per cent, while the aggregate wealth of the country increased 170 per cent. In your own State of Georgia, while your population increased GO per cent from 100 to 18Mi, your lands decreased in value 33 percent, And now as to crops. In lfsCO the wheat, corn, rye, barley, buckwheat, hay, oats, potatoes, cotton and tobacco sold for $2, 007,402. 231. In 1884 eighteen years liter, wheu the cultivated acreage had been nearly doubled, the number of farms and farm hands had doubled, and agricul tural implements and machinery had been vastly improved, these same crop sold for 2,043,500,481, an increase of only 35 mil lions, or less than two per ent more than they were sold for in lSOti But we are told that this is due to over production. There can be no overproduc tion so long as the cry for bread shall be heard from a sing'e child in i he laud. It is not over production, but it is the want of a proper distribution or tquitable dis position of the products of iao :: Again we are told that we can buy more with a dollar than ever before. But we ask, where is the dollar? And ho- L much of the products of cur labor sill t,uy that dollar: And when ootamed, v. if! it pay more inUr.st? Will it pry more debts? Will it pay more taxts? a perti nent enquiry mignt be appropriately in troduced just h'-ro Wby sh.'i'nJ a United States bond bearing 4 pei centiuteust be worth 127 cents ou the dollar, while good farms cannot be mortgag.d for more than one-third their value, at 7 to 10 per cuit interest? And how stands agricukure iu the race of progress with manufacturing? From 1850 to 1800 agr iculture led maxitactur im; iu iucreasd value of produces teu per cent. From 1870 to 1880 manuturing led At.mc ULTi RE in increased value of pro ducts 27 per cent, a difference cf 42 per cent in favor of the increased growth of manufacturing. With these significant and alarmiug facts before us can we wouder that our young men are deserting the farms in favor of other vocations? In this fruitful land, where should be heard the husband man's happy song of plenty and content ment, is it any wonder that we should hear the uuiversal wail of "hard times" among the farmers. Our National Treas ury is overflowing with millions and mil lions of dollars, needlessly wrung from the hard earnings of the people, while the business of the country is clogged and stagnated for the want of an adequate circulating medium. With au agricultu ral population whose energy, enterprise, industry and skill is recognized the world over, with generous soils adapted to the successful growth of all the leading crops demanded by commerce, with the teeming millions of the earth as our customers, with transportation facilities equal to the productive power of the country, why should agriculture languish and decline? But again. It is said that the strength aud glory of a country are in the homes of its people. Look at France, that erratic but gallant, brilliant, prosperous na tion. When, in 1870, her proud standards went down in humiliation and defeat at Sedan her second Waterloo an electri cal thrill of antouishmeut shocked the civilized world. And when the victor im posed an indemnity of 1,000,000,000 in coin, to be paid in cash, that astonishment gave way to sympathy, but both were for gotten in the applause which greeted her as she came forth staggering aud b'e :d ing and promptly paid every doliar of it. W'hence her power to perform this re markable achievement? It lay in her myriad humble but prosperous homes, the castles of her yeomanry, where were fos tered diversified industry and diversified intelligence. In this vitally important matter what is the tendency in our own country 'i Let official statistics furnish the answer. From 1870 to 1SS0 our farms under three acres decreased 33 per cent., while farms of 100 to 500 acres increased 200 per cent. Farms of 3 to 10 acres decreased 25 per cent., while farms of 500 to 1,000 acres increased 400 per cent. Farms of 10 to 20 acres decreased over la per cent., while farms of 1,000 or more acres in creased 77 per cent ! Although our pop ulation had increased ;$ per cent, there were in 180 145,153 less farms under 50 acres thau in 1870. What do these start ling figures suggest ? John Locke said : '"Whoever owns the land owns the people." The figures quo ted are but another powerful witness to prove that through the rapid congestion of wealth our populatiou is being re solved into two classes the extremely rich and the extremely poor classes which, in all ages "have been the weakest defenders of civil liberty and human free dom. The middle class, that mighty bul wark of liberty, the great conservator of the highest civilizations of the ages, is gradually but surely weakening and fad ing away. Centralized capital allied to irresponsible corporate power is the most formidable and dangerous evil that threatens the preservation of our free in stitutions aud the perpetuity of our form of free government. It annuls the an cient law in trade of ' supply and de mand," it overrides individual rights, it controls conventions, it corrupts the bal lot box, it subsidizes the press, it invades our temples of justice, it intimidates of ficial authority, it fosters official corrup tion, it robs the many to enrich the few, it destroys legitimate competition and dic tates legislation, State and National. Mighty forces are being marshalled which shall test the strength of our virtue, our patriotism, our appreciation of self gov ernment and our love of liberty. Iu these closing years of the 19th century is the struggle again to be renewed for as cendency, between individual rights and constitutional government on the one side and centralized capital and arrogant monopoly ou the other. Wheu that supreme hour of our trial shall come, the rejuvenated, self-made South which has "come up out of great tribulation"' and whose honest hands, thank God, we can proudly claim are un spotted by the rapine of greedy, selfish avarice, or the spoils and plunder of the helpless the South, true to her glorious history and traditions, will be, in the lan guage of Governor Hill, not only "solid for good government, solid for the wel fare of its people, solid for integrity in private and official life, solid in its oppo sition to a paternal administration of pub lic affairs, solid against Congressional extravagance, solid in its renunciation of the errors of the past, solid for American ideis, solid in its devotion to the new na tion, solid iu its aspirations for a higher civilization, and solid for all that would made us a prosperous and powerful re public," but it will also bj solid against pools, combines, trusts and monopolistic conspiracies for the robbery of the people, solid against any policy which fosters or tolerates them, solid against anarchism, communism, socialism and nihilism, solid for the greatest good to the greatest num ber, solid for justice and equity among the people as advocated by our patriot fathers, solid for the rights of the many as against the arrogant assumptions of the few, aud solid for the integrity and dignity of that race which has illumined the brightest pages of the world's history with its grand achie-ements for the civil ization of human it-. lhave thus but brit fly adverted to some of the causes and conditions which have brought into being that splendid and pow erful organization known as the Farmers' aud Laborers' Union of America. Seek ing to restore agriculture to its just posi tion among the other great industries of the country and to reconstruct and re-es-tab!ish our economic systems on the great and eternal principles of equity and jus tice, we ask not, but would refuse to ac cept, any special or class legislation on it behalf. Spurning the nursing bottle of the government, we ask only lor an open field ami an equal chanea. We ask not for charity, but we demaud simple jus tice. Lnsguise it as we mav. we are i threatened to-day with the mightiest rev olution peaceful aud bloodless, I pray j God it may be that the world has ever witnessed, "tjentiemen may cry peace, pjae?, but there is no peace." The pro fessional politician may remonstrate against "the farmer in politics,' but there are great economic and legislative reforms demanded, alike, by justice and the necessities of the times, which, ia im portance and magnitude rise far above any or all considerations of a merely par tisan character aud which "will uot down at his bidding." Humiliating as it may be to the pride of the American heart, painful and alarm iug as it may be to the Christian patriot, we nave reached already, in the spring time of our national life, "the point where we must decide whether this is reaiiy a government "of the people, by the people and for the people," whether the citizen or the doliar is sovereign in this country, whether we shall have an aristocracy of wealth or au aristocracy of manhood and merit, whether we shall re-enthtone iu sceptred power the majesty and sov ereignty of the people, whether we shall restore our old ship of State to its ancient moorings, or whether it shall be en gulfed in anarchy and ruin. Reaching from New Jersey to New Mexico, and from the Gulf to the Great Lakes, the millions of Americau freemen who are rallying to the standard of this grand organiz ition, undivided by section al lines, unbiased by sectional prejudice, united by common dangers, impelled by a common interest, actuated by a common purpose, knowing but one name, acknowl edging but one flag the Hag of our great common country, invoking the benedic tions of Heaven on their patriotic en deavor, enter on their holy pilgrim age, led and guided by the Spirit of Jus tice as "a pillar of cloud by day aud a pillar of fire by night," they will restore the ark of our covenant, fashioned and bequeathed to us by others, to its ancient place in the holy of holies, in our Temple of Liberty. Gov. Gordon concluded by paying a handsome tribute to Col. L. L. Polk. J. D. Another Fire at Washington, N. C. Washington-, N. C, Oct. 18. This town was visited by a destructive fire this morn ing at 2:30 o'clock, destroying the stores oi u. n. urignt, j. a. Suskin, W. Z Mor ton and partially the Merchants' Hotel, kept by Spencer Brothers. The origin of the fire is unknown. The store occupied by Bright and Suskin aud the hotel kept by Spencer Brothers were owned by G Bernard, of Greenville, N. C, whoso loss is f .1.000, no insurance. Blight's loss is fi,uu, insurance 800. Suskiu's loss is 400, insurance 000. Spencer Brothers' loss is 1,500, insurance 800. Morton's loss is 3,000, no insurance. The total lo is about 12,000, with a total insur ance of about 2,000. AU the building destroyed were situated in the business part ot tne town, ou Main street. This is the second large lire here in the past two . .... I, . I L. . ec&s, win ou main street. 500 Reward for an incurable cse of cineuse iasai uatarrn is oflered by the mauuiaeiurers or Dr. feage s Catarrh Rem- euy. Ilnchlen'8 Arnica Salve. The Best Salve in the wnrlrf na Bruises, Sores, Ulcers, Salt Rheum Fever Sores, Tetter, Chapped Hands, Chilblains orus, auu an mn eruptions, and posi- nveij, cures mes, or no pay required It is guaranteed to give perfect satisfaction. or money refunded. Price 25 cents per KrtV VfT coin K. T T-1 ww. u Mj lax, jounson ot uo. LATE NEWS NOTES. ....A corporation will baild at Nas Head, for use next season, a new ho'. and a new pier ami also a railroad from the hotel to the ocean. Mr. O. B. Aycock is before the su preme Court this week, arguing the ease of C. C. Gardner, of Wayne, who is unl,.r sentence of death, on a motion for a Lew iriai. Mr. R. L. Denmark, yardmasie: of the Atlantic Coast Line at Wilmington was burned to death in a freight car Tue-l day night by an explosion of gasoline. was 35 years of age aud highly esteemed' and leaves a wife and two children. Despite the rumors that great num. lers of negroes are leaving the East. ru part of the State, and particularly Wil mington, for Mississippi, it is said thn not over 120 families have left that p',;J e aud that there is now little talk about the exodus. Mr. Theo. W. Poole, of Martin county, will be here in a few days to con fer with 1 he State Board of Education ju regard to the State swamp lands. He lues been appointed agent for the sale of th.-se lands, at a commission of ten per cent on sales. There are approximately a ruiiiiou aces. Saturday David Williamson, of Kenansville, with Leon Pearsall, went out to stand for deer. Williamson, who had their two guns, in attempting to g.-t i:, ;t boat struck a gun against the boat. 1: f!h barrels were discharged and the entire loads entered Williamson's forehead k;!' ing him instantly. He was twenty eight years old children. and leaves a wife and" The Marriage Ifells A-Uiugius Ill Raleigh, Oct. 15th, Mr. John 1;, church to Miss Emma Nora Wicker, l;. y. G. S. Williams officiating. In Harrissonburg, Ya.. Oct. nth. Mr. Edward E. Brown, of Asheville. N C. to Miss Aramiuta Clem. In Richmond county, Oct. Kith. Mr. Archie McNeill to Miss Mary Nicho!.-. daughter of Col. J. A. Nicholson. In Weldon, Oct. 9th, Mr. Chas. I.. Clark to Mi-s Alice C. McNumee. The attendants were Mr. Sidney Allen v -h Miss Nannie Long. In Patterson Chapel, Caldwell coin.: v, Oct 17ih, Mr. John McD. Michal to V Mamie Lenoir, Rev. J. A. Weston olli:,i ing. They are both of Hickory. In Wi's n, Oct. 10th, Mr. ()s.-;tr Swineford, of Richmond, Ya. , to M;.-.-, Hat tie Gardner, a handsome young la-tv of that place. Rev. Moses D. Hoge.I. R. of Richmond, Ya., performed the cere mony. In the Second St. Baptist church jr. Winston, Oct. 10th, Mr. Claude A. Per kins to Miss Daisy .Thoinpsou, Rev. E. p Davis officiating. The Daily says th.t the bridi and groom, with a number ot friends left for Raleigh. In Goldsboro, Oct. 17th. Mr. 1.1. I.. Edmundson to Miss Lois Keaton, R. . .'. S. Dill officiating. The attendants we:. Mr. Frank Edmundson, with Mis Aiii.ie Keaton; Mr. Henry Powell, with .M.-s Mary Swindell; Mr. John Eason, with Miss Laura Peterson. Iu Raleigh, on Sunday, 20th mst.. at the residence of the bride, Mr. W. G. Not tingham, of Columbia, S. C, to .M..--Mollie Lancaster, of this city, Rev. G. . Williams officiating. The bride and groom left Sunday afternoon for their home at Columbia, S. C, followed by the best wishes of friends. Thursday evening in Lexington, at the lioic of the bride, Mr. Henry 1, Propst, son of our eflie.eiit sheriif, w.c married to Miss Annie Hamner, one of Lexington's most charming young hei.es. Immediately after the ceremony the you:. g couple started upon a bridal trip through the principal cities of the North. Cone : 1 Standard. At Burgaw, Oct. lG'h, Mr. Win. Rivenbark, a prosperous merchant of Pen der county, to Miss Eva Croorn, daughter of "mine host" Robt. M. Croorn of the Pender Hotel, Rev. M. Sandling ollk-ia! rug. The attendants were Mis.-es Junie Rivenbark, Ella Croorn and M.ittie Taylor, with Messrs. M. D. Crooin, John F. Moore and Thomas Joyner. On the night of October K'. h, a' th home of the bride's father, Mr. Cak-n Penny, in Johnston county, N. O , by Ke A. D. Hunter, Mr. Charlie llulleman, of Apex, to Miss Pattie Penny. The attend ants were as follows: Mr". W. L. Br..!: aud Miss Alma Penny; Mr. James Colin, aud Miss Lillian Yates; Mr. Robt. Yates aud Miss Pauline Holland: Mr. Wfii:- Penny and Miss Lithia Howell. At the MorgantonPresbyterian chui ! . Wednesday eveuiug, Oct. Kith, at ha'f past eight o'clock, Mr. James L. Michie, of Darlington, S. C, aud Miss Annie I'. H.rvin, daughter of Mr. Witherspoon hr vin, of Morganton, N. C , Rev. R. B. A:; lerson, D. D.. performing the ceremony. The bridesmaids were Misses Louise Wil son, Nettie Ward, Minerva Collett, Kate McDowell, Mary Laxton, Annie Pre-m'.!, Maggie Moore and Cora Wilson. M !--- Julia Tull and Mary Powe appeared as flower girls. Mr. Ernest Erwin officiated as best man, and the bride was given au. y by her brother, Mr. S. J. Erwiti. The ushers were Messrs. I. T. Aveiv and ! J. Hicks. Near Kinston, Oct. 10 h. N. J. K ,u-. Esq , a talented and successful member o! the Kinston bar, to Miss Mat tic H. Roiiu tree, the accomplished and attractive daughter of the late Senator, Dr. 1'. M. Rouutree. Rev. J. J. Harper oth.-ia; The attendants were Mr. T. li. Koii . with Miss Sallie Rountree: Mr. II. i Mostly, with Mi-s Lillie House; Mr. A. T. Hill, with Miss Mattie W. Rountree, Mi. I." i r t . . i . , x. JA. injuuira4, wnu ansa l-HJie i-it.-.' i.u'- nil . v. J-fc. 11(11 loULIU, Willi .UIV JJ.V. ' Slocumb. The Chkonu i.k extends its cerest congratulations to our taien'--i friend, the groom, and his charming bi ;':. . Miss Sadie Lyell Smedes, yonr.ge.-; daughter of the late Rev. Dr. Ah!-;: ...,..).. . .. . . . . . i i , i . - i . . . i-Lucocs, was luarrieu lie re weiriesi.u Mr. William A. Erwin, of Burlington, ui th chapel of St. Mary's School, the c. reino:.;. being performed by the Rev. Henn TL... .V.. . w i, . 1 . , uuicura. mi iisiieMs were mr. ih i.e . i Cameron, Mr. Walter L. Holt, Mr. AT- ; Ruflin and Mr. J. Harper Erwin. The a tendants were Miss Katharine B. Cam r Of New York. A cniKin nf t tie hride. a', Mr. J. Locke Erwin, a brother of ih a ue onuo is one or u i.e. most beautiful, charmim? and e.-te m ladies, aud the groom is not only v.; ! !.- 1- r, ; .. : .. 1 . : i . i i ' i . . . . iv nj y u in suciai cucies nut aiso a mm- man of much merit. He is a son of 1 Joseph J. Erwin, of Burke county. his mother is a daughter of Dr. II ' Alamance. He is Secretary and Tn-a- .:.: of the E. M. Holt plaid mills at P.ui . .: -ton. - . Deafness Can't he Cuicil lit- lr.n.l on..1S..o;. 1 m-'j ftiiuuLaiiuij, s i iie c.lio;''. ' " the diseased portion of the ear. Th- o only one way to cure deafness, and tha' -..;... :.. . i ...-.. "j tuuainuLiifurti iciLieeiies. in-a;..- caused by an inflamed condition : mucus liuing of the Eustachian '! When this tube gets inflamed you h v rumbliug sound or imperfect hearing, v when it is entirely closed, Deafne-- - result, and unless the inilamatioti cm 1 taken out and this tube restored to normal condition, hearing is destroyed ever; nine cases out of ten are can-' . catarrh, which is nothing but au iuii m. condition of the mucus surfaces. We will give One Hundred Ioi!ar- any case of Deafness, (caused by cat at-: that we cannot cure by taking Hall - i - tarrn cure. Send tor circulars free. F. J. CHENEY & CO., Toledo.