The Bridgeport times and evening farmer., September 06, 1918, Page 8, Image 8

About The Bridgeport times and evening farmer. (Bridgeport, Conn.) 1918-1924

Image provided by: Connecticut State Library, Hartford, CT

                
0
THE TIMES: SEPTEMBER 6, 1913
WOMEN CAN MAKE
PLANES JE NEED
Jf Asked, They, WiU Put
. Their Strength Into Es
sential Industries Here.
AS THEY DO
IN ENGLAND
Mrs. Pankhurst Tells How
4,538,000 There Are Help
ing to Beat the Hun.
Mrs. Emmeline Pankhurst, the
English miffraglat leader who has
played a great part In the process by
which almost the full capacity of the
women of England has been used for
the production of munitions and air
orart, and for other war work, said
recently that the women of this coun
try are as eager to put their full
strength Into war-winning Industries
and oould be employed for speeding
the war on the same scale as they are
being used In England.
The British Board of Trade an
nounced on June 28 of this year that
4,638,000 women were engaged In
classlfled Industries in England, this
figure being but a fraction of the total
employed in essential work. More than
1,000,000 women, it was announced by
the British Minister of Munitions in
May, were making munitions. Ninety
per cent, of the shells made In Eng
land are produced by women. ' The
making of aircraft, which has been
delayed in this country by shortago
' of labor, among other reasons, is
1 largely done by" women in England;
: and England is "head and shoulders
above any other nation In aircraft
production," according to the testi
mony of Major Gen. William H.
Kenly, Chief of Military Aeronautics
of this country.
Mrs. Pankhurst has made a study
of the problem of using women for
making aircraft and munitions in this
country, during tour of Industrial
centres, where she has made speeches
at the request of the Pennsylvania
Council of National Defense. She
said yesterday that women in this
country were not only as eager to
serve as the women of England, but
were better equipped with machinery
for recruiting women for labor, be
cause of the existence of women's or
ganizations here in every community,
an advantage which was not present
to the same extent in England.
A recent government report on the
employment of women on munitions
and metal crafts In this country stated
that tho results had been highly sat
isfactory, as women were found quick
to learn and soon able to surpass men
In so-called "repetitive" work, in
which the same process was perform
ed over and over again through the
day, and generally steadier and more
accurate in delicate work of a semi
skilled type. Mrs. Pankhurst said
that this report agreed with the ex
perience of England during the period
when women were first employed and
that, later when women are generally
employed on highly smiled work they
would be found equally efficient there.
"At the beginning of the war," she
Bald, "the British government did not
1 understand that they would need the
labor of women. It was not even real
ized that more women would be need
, ed for nursing. The Women's Party
1 started National Service meetings in
, which they recruited men for the
army and begged the government to
' begin to recruit and train women for
' '. labor. The same appeal was made to
trades unions to abandon their nar
row regulations inside the factories,
which had allowed much of the work
to be done only by men who had
' served apprenticeships. I have been
told since by the head of a great es
tablishment that women learned in
a week to do some grades of work
which had previously been in the
hands of skilled labor exclusively,
"irf 1916, when the national register
. was made, it was intended at first to
register men only but the women so
Insisted that It was changed to Include
both sexes. By this time the Gov-
eminent had 'become educated to the
fact of the shortage of men and they
' decided to ask women to register in
the labor bureaus. These bureaus,
I wWoh had been established before the
i war to deal with unemployment, had
not been very successful up to the
time that it was announced that wo
men were desired to register there for
war purposes and they began to flock
i there. I was at a meeting in Glas
gow when this policy was adopted and
I received a telegram announcing that
' the Government wanted the services
of women. I read this from theyplat
form and several hundred wSnen
from the meeting went at once tcl.the
nearest labor bureaus to register.
'Exactly the same spirit exists
among women In this country, tha
, aaroe enthusiasm and the same desire
, to serve. The mothers of men at the
j front and other relatives, whom I
j hare met in this country, are touch
I lngly eager to stand behind the men
: at the front"
Mrs. Pankhurst said that, women
were engaged in war work in larger
numbers than was generally known
In this country for employment, and
. that only the creation of positions and
. an appeal to the women to take them
i was necessary for bringing the wo
' manhood of the country Into war
winning Industries on a great scale,
i She said, however, that It was a dan
gerous mistake, as had been dlscov
' ered tn England, to make a general
appeal to women to take up essential
work until the places had been creat
ed for them.
"Suppose, for example." she said.
"a large number of women are want
ed to work In airplane factories. It
Is much better to tell exactly the
' number wanted exactly the class of
work they are to do, and exactly
where they are to report. When
j the women registered at labor bu-
reaus In England it was In many ca
: see a long time before they were
; called. A great many became dls
! oouraged and said: 'What Is the good
of registering. We don't get taken.'
'The registration was of little ape-
. dflo benefit In placing women In po
sitions, although it Impressed upon
' the Government the great power of
Its reserve of women workers. Most
of those who are. now at work took
positions in response to speclfio calls
for them. Jn England the women
workers are from all classes. It is
a great mistake to think that they
must go only to women who have
. been accustomed to manual labor ir
the past. I am convinced that It
the Government appeals through, the
press In the right way they will get
a splendid response.
"At a large munitions plant near
Coventry, where It was necessary to
draw women workers from some dis
tance, .the Government built a com
munity house for women, with wo
men In charge. This has been done
In other places, although the housing
problem has been a difficult one, ana
has not always been worked out sat
isfactorily. It has been found neces
sary to place educated women not on
ly In charge of such communities, but
over the women workers in factories,
as far as possible. The results have
been better where the girt and wo
men workers have sympathetic and
able women to appeal to and to pre
sent their grievances to. I see that
the American Government has enlist
ed the co-operation of' the Young
Women's Christian Association, and
that has been a very wise move, In my
opinion. The women at the head of
that organization are very competent
and can perform a most valuable
work.
"As to airplane making, all experi
ence proves that women are well fit
ted by nature to do a large share of
the work. If the training Is given.
There has been some opposition on the
part of men in factories to their em
ployment, and this opposition still ex
ists In England, though, to a less ex
tent than formerly. I do not believe
that any opposition will be offered by
organised labor In tUe country.
The opposition has com In Eng
land chiefly from the part ftst Socialist
wing, who compose what to called the
British Bolshevik!. The opposition Is
most vigorous from a small claas of
young workmen, who fear that, as
more and mora women are used to
do their work, the time will come
when they can be spared from the
factories and they will be called to
the front
"The employment of women has
largely done away with limitations
on outjKrt by workmen. The system
of doing a small day's work was
originally built up as a measure of
self-protection, because workmen
Hound that hen they produced at
the op of their energy the tendency
of the employer was to prevent them
from profiting Iby their energy by, re
ducing the prices on piecework. This
system was well established in many
lines when the employment of women
began. The women would not have
anything to do with lit
'They did their day's work In half
a day and then asked for more work
to do. They were told that- they had
done all they were allowed to on that
day andi would have to wait for the
next to do more. They said: "This
doesn't suit us. We are working for
the nation. We want to help win the
war. We're going to do all that we
can.'
' 'Finally they had their way, and
wtui -t.no employment of women on a
large scale, the limitation of produc
tion Is a thing of the past The pro
gram of the National Women's party
Is to prevent its return after the war.
The workmen, who believed that lim-
itation of production was necessary
to prevent unfair treatment, will be
convinced that they should (prevent It
by some other method, rather than
by a policy which headed) in the di
rection of national bankruptcy.
"Labor has had a perfect right to
demand that there should be no low
ering of wage standards through the
employment of women. The govern
ment must see to It that if a woman
does the work and does It as well as
the man, she should get a man's pay
for It. If the woman worker is taken j
advantage of, it prepares a feltire j
field for the agitator and defeatist !
who is able to show her that she Is j
being exploited. Any Injustice to wo- j
men workers naturally reacts very i
harmfully. l j
"As a body the women workers have '
been one of the strongest wtn-the- i
war elements, in contrast to the small
group of young Socialist-pacifist
workers, skulking in factories. The
recent attempt to strike, which failed',
was mainly the work of this class."
FOREIGN BORM ARE
BESTSUBSCRIBERS
TO LIBERTY BONDS
Washington, Bept 6 America's for
eign born population Immigrants
within the last generation, and Ger
mans particularly poured out their
savings for Liberty bonds of the third
loan more generously, in consideration
of their limited financial ability, than
native citizens.
This is indicated by a treasury re
port estimating subscriptions of citi
zens of 38 foreign nationalities at
$741,487,000, or nearly 18 per cent,
of the $4,176,000,000 .total of the
third loan.
iue nmn'oer oi Dona buyers was
estimated at 7,061,000, or 41 per cent
of the total or 17,000,000 on the roll
of subscribers, and the average sub
scription among the foreign speaking
population, was calculated at $105.
Germans made the biggest record of
all nationalities.
Subscriptions reported and tabu
lated by nationalities amounted to
$407,790,000, but It was estimated
this sum represented only about 55
per cent of the total, much of which
was Included in the - big stream of
general subscriptions, without . desig
nation of the subscriber's nationality.
This: record was cited by the treas
ury today in support of claims of en
thusiastic patriotism apparent among
the nation's foreign born citizens dur
ing past loan campaigns.
After. the Germans, the Italians,
Poles, Bohemians and Jews turned In
the greatest amount of subscriptions.
The Jewish record, however, is be
lieved to be insufficiently1 represented
by the $16,78f,O00 reported.
By nationalities,, subscriptions In
cluded the following: ': . -,
German-, $87,296,000; Italian, $52,
247,000; Polish, $37,583,000; Bohem
ian, $31,750,000; Jewish, $16,737,550;
Hungarian, $8,246,000; ' Greek, $6,
838000; Swedish $6,011,000; Norweg
ian, $5,987,000; Lithuanian, $4,334,
000; Jugo-Slav, $4,200,000; Russians,
$2,599,000; Danish, $2,353,000;
French, $2,107,000; Portuguese, $1,
711,000; Slovenian $1,569,000; Syrian,
$910,000; Belgian, $875,000; Armen
ian, $393,000; English, $337,000; Chi
nese, $285,000; Rumania, $272,000;
Albanian $230,000; Swiss, $220,000;
Finnish, $191,000; Crotian, $153,000;
Serbian, $142,000; Ukrania, $129,000;
Assyrian, $90,000; Hollandish, $80,
000; Scandinavian, $72,000; Lettish,
$40,000; Japanese, $28,000; Ruthen
ian, $13,000; Scottish, $5,000; Bul
garian, $2,000.
LATIN AMERICA
INCREASES TRADE
DURING PAST YEAR
The. trade of the United States with
Latin America in the fiscal year just
ending exceeded by far that of any
earlier year. In fact it aggregated
$1,770,000,000 against $750,000,000 In
the year immediately preceding the
war, the actual gam therefore hav
ing been in round terms 136 per cent
By the term Latin ' America is
meant, of course, a,U of South Amer
ica, all of Central America, Mexico,
and the West Indian Islands excet
Porto Rico, Virgin Islands and those
under the control of Great Britain. A
compilation by the National City Bank
of New York shows that the total im
ports from Latin America in the fiscal
year ending June 30, 1918, aggregated
$1,030,000,000 against $963t000,000
in 1917, the former high record year,
and $469,000,000 in 1914, the year
preceding the war. Exports to Latin
America were $740,000,000 - against
$582,000,000 in the fiscal year 1917
and only $282,000,000 in 1914, the
year immediately preceding the waT.
Thus, if we compare the trade with
Latin America In the fiscal year 1918 '
with that ot the fiscal year 1814.
which closed only a few weeks before
the beginning of the war, wen nd that,
imorts from that area have Increased
about 120 per cent and exports there
to have increased over 100 per cent.
This large increase In our Imports
from and exports to our Latin Ameri
can neighbors' since the beginning' 'of
the war is due In part to war Condi
tions, shortage of- ships, the cutting
off of the market of the Central Pow
ers from Latin American goods and
also of the manufactures which they
were accustomed to supply to the
Latin American market, while the
other European countries at war have
also been compelled to reduce their
exports to Latin America by reason ot
their shortage of ships, and the ne
cessity of utilizing their manufactures
in the production of war material. As
a consequence Latin America found it
advisable to send Its surplus products
chiefly to the United States, which is
primarily a large consumer of the
class of merchandise produced in all
Latin America and which would also
havef acilities for forwarding any sur
plus to European markets. On the
other hand, the Inability of the Euro
pean countries to ship manufactures
to Latin America has greatly Increas
ed the demand of that area upon the
manufactures of the United States, as
is shown by the fact above noted that
our exports to that area have increas
ed 160 per cent, since the beginning
of the war. . Another cause of the In
crease Is found in the Improved bank
ing facilities and financial relationship
recently developed between the United
States and Its neighbors of the South,
A very large, proportion of the in
crease of exports to Latin- America
occurs In : manufactures. - Nomnally
manufactures form over 80 per cent
of the merchandise passing from the
United States to the other American
countries at the South, and the bank's
figures indicate that more than $1,
600,000,000 worth of manufactures
have passed from the United States to
Latin America since the beginning of
the war against less than $1,000,000,
000 worth in the corresponding period
preceding the war.
Coffee, cacao, rubber, hides, copper,
wool, nitrate and bananas are the
principal articles Imported from Latin
America and all of these show a
marked increase In quantities and
greatly Increased prices.
Exports from the United States to
Latin America In 1918 were ten times
as much as in 1898, and three times as
much as in 1910.
So far no objection has been heard
from the candy makers toward sub
stituting lower priced material In
place of sugar.
Those pro-Germans who are made
to kiss the flag should 'be given a pa
per Imitation of one that can bf
promptly brurned.
SPAIN TO BREAK
WITH GERMANY
One thing is plain enough fronj the
news about Spain and Germany, Spain
is quite willing to risk a break with
Germany by adopting the policy of
seizing one German ship in Spanish
ports for every Spanish ship sunk by
submarines. She is more than willing.
She is courting a break with Germany.
In other neutral countries signs of the
same change of mind are appearing.
The newspapers are commenting with
a new frankness, unfavorable to Ger
many, upon her recent military per
formance and present military situa
tion. Swiss papers written in Ger
man and hitherto pro-German in tone
are reported as printing anti-German
articles. Sweden, recognizing the
Allied blockade in effect, is shutting
down on trade with Germany, increas
ing her trade with the, Allies, turning
over to the Allies 400,000 tons of ship
ping. In other words, German stock
is going down in Spain and in three
of the countries nearest her and in
a favorable position for estimating
what Is happening to her. The New
Republic.
You Can
Beautify your
Complexion
and rid the skin of un
sightly blemishes, quicker
and surer, by putting your
blood, stomach and liver in
good 'order, than in any
other way. Clear complex
ion, bright eyes, rosy
cheeks and red lips follow
the use of Beecham's Pills.
They eliminate .. poisonous
matter from the system,
purify the blood and tone
the organs of digestion Use
BUCHAHS
Larmt SU of Aar MBekM la tha WoiM.
S-id araflura. la baza 10c, 25c
Our Boys' Department Will
Make a "Hit" This Season
Boys' Clothing will be so high that mothers will be forced to look
around for the lowest-price store and when those who have never
bought here reach the SURPRISE STORE, they will go no further.
While woolens are scarce and everything is advancing in price
we announce a complete assortment of
amous
choolmate"
Remember that when you buy this brand you don't have to worry
about the quality: for every garment is guaranteed. See
the prices we quote during War Times
The F
Clothes
Boys'
'Schoolmate
Suits
79
$(5
at
. The same grade will be offered in other
stores at $9 to $10 and next season these
prices will be low for such suits. These are
fine fancy Norfolks In the season's most
popular models shown in a big assortment
of rich Fall and Winter patterns; high
grade garments, tastefully designed,
thoroughly tailored and- carefully finished
in every detail. See these Suits in our win
dow and judge of the values we offer this
season. Sizes 6 to 17 years.
Boys' "Schoolmate
Suits
at
Here are garments of the grade that
you will see offered in many stores at $11
and they are worth the money, according to
the present market. Fancy Norfolks in the
latest models, some with military backs;
yery smart and stylish suits of the most re
cent Fall designs; made of fine mixtures,
cassimeres, and cheviots; we show in this
line an extensive assortment of smart and
tasteful patterns, every one guaranteed fast
color. Sizes 6 to 18 years.
CO)
Boys' 'Schoolmate' Norfolks
The grade you'll see
advertised at $12 can he
bought here at .
A very low price for the quality of suits offered and
if you will acquaint yourself with the offerings Of other
stores, you'll agree with us. Standard quality, standard
workmanship, exclusive patterns, and a surpassing assort
ment to choose from.
Fancy mixtures and Blue serge in sizes 6 to 18 years.
See these suits in our window before selecting your boy's
Fall Suit.
TT
U J
Boy s' 'Schoolmate' Norfolks
The regular $14 and $15 C Tl
grades shown in other
stores; our price
These are finest all wool fancy, mixtures and blue
serge, and fifteen dollars will not be a penny too much for
them when you see what others offer at that price; smart
Norfolk models in the very latest designs; choice browns,
grays, stripes, and mixtures in a bewildering assortment;
blue serge of fine quality and guaranteed color; sizes 6 to
18 years. .
1918 Styles in Juvenile Suits for Boys 3 to 8
Novelty Suits
Novelty Suits
Saving you $2 to QPty;
$2.50 on the latest hf
Fall Styles at . . W
Pretty corduroy suits in rich brown,
blue, and green shades; the new belted mod
els, some with the military effect, with the
Same Brown belts; all very aristocratic and
stylish suits with straight pants; fine qual
ity, well made, and perfect fitting garments
in sizes 3 to 8.
(S
On which you can
save from $2.50 to
$3, our price . .
The popular and dressy military models
just like the soldiers wear; designed with
Sam Brown leather belt, and made of a fine
quality olive drab serge; see the illustration
for the style, and see our window display for
the quality and general excellence of these
garments; sizes 3 to 8.
Open All Day
Saturday and
Evening
x 1119-1123
Main Street
Bridgeport