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Official Directory TERRITORIAL. W. H. Andrews. . .Delegate In Congress George Curry. .Governor ot New Mexico J. W. Reynolds Secretary Wm. J. Mills Chief Justice S. B. Davis District Atty Secundlno Romero. District Court Clerk COUNTY. Malaqulas Martinez Councilman B. H. Biernbaum Representative B. B. Studley Representative Jose Vivian Frezqulez. . .Probate Judge Juan Navarro Probate Clerk Juan B. Martinez Sheriff Chas. U. Strong. Treasurer and Collector Albino Martinez Assessor Ricardo Martinez Superintendent of Schools Alex S. Bushkevitz Surveyor Juan de Mata Mares 1 Board of Damacio Tafoya f County Geo. V. Santistevan J Commissioners PRECINCT. Guad Garcia ......Justice of the Peace Wm. A. Brumage Deputy Sheriff BOARD OF EDUCATION. Alex S. Bushkevitz Chairman Herman Goodman Clerk Lucas Vigil ..Member WEALTH. The assessment of 1907 gives the tax able wealth of Mora county as $1,175, 823, an increase of $9,145 over the pre vious year. The census of 1906 gives the value of agricultural wealth of the county as $2,581,000, but the real wealth of the county undoubtedly ap proximates $6,000,000. During the past tiscal year 100,000 acres were settled upon by homesteaders, under the Fed eral and land laws. Mora is one of the few counties In the Territory where the area appropri ated exceeds the area of public lands. The area still subject to entry under the Federal land laws is 760,000 acres, while that appropriated is 830,000 acres. The' agricultural lands of Mora county are vulued on the assessor's books at $225,000 and the grazing lands at $341, 000, but the census of 1900 shows that they are worth at least six times as much. CLIMATE. Like the rest of New Mexico, Mora county enjoys a peerless climate that is a specific for lung and throat trou bles. Its high altitude, the purity of its atmosphere, the grandeur of its scenery, its pines, spruce, cedar, and pinon forests make it an ldeeal sec tion for homes and a health-seeker's paradise. The annual rainfall is slight and occurs mostly in the summer months. There are no extremes in tem perature either in summer or winter, the winters being mild and sunshiny and the summers cool, and even cold at night in the mountainous sections. There is good fishing and hunting in the country; roads are good and ac commodations for tourists and health seekers are plain but substantial and comfortable. RAILROADS. Mora county is crossed from north to south by the great Santa Fe Railway. The mileage is little over 40 miles. A railroad from- Las Vegas to Mora has been surveyed, and an extension from Mora to Taos is contemplated. Mora county needs more railroads for its de velopment and would give heavy ton nage to such. The building of railroads would also lead to the establishment of many Industries, for which the raw materials can be furnished by the county, for which the fuel and water power are there, and home markéts could easily be found. TIMBER. Many parts, especially in the moun tains, are heavily timbered districts. Steps are being taken to protect some of the timber sections, especially on the Pecos Forest Reserve. This does not prohibit the cutting of timber, but merely" regulates It. Seven million feet of lumber are annually shipped out of the county. From 25 to 50 wagon loads of ties and telegraph poles are daily taken to the railroad. MINING. Mora is not a mining county, but there are indications in plenty of min eral wealth to that of any section of the Rocky mountains Many prospects have been located and some of them show considerable developmtnt. The Indications of copper are especially promising. Extensive work Is being done in the Rociada and Coyote mining districts, as well as in the northern part of the Pecos river forest reserve. The Rociada Gold and Copper Company is down 200 feet, and has a 6 to 8 foot vein of copper, assaying from 10 to 20 per cent, in addition to the gold, silver, and lead. There are many other good prospects In the same vicinity, some having ore running as high as thirty five per cent, in copper. The Santa Barbara King mine, near Mora, has had assays of from $60 to $70 per ton. There is a small smelter at Rociada. El Oro gravel was formerly worked with the pan, each pan yielding as much as a turkey quill filled with gold dust. In the Coyote mining district several hun dred thousand dollars' have been ex pended, but litigation has caused op erations to lag. Specimens of ore have been picked up that assayed $3, 260 in gold to the ton, and there is a tradition of a "lost mine" that at one time yielded fabulous sums. This mine is supposed to be located on the Mora grant, and much money has been ex pended to rediscover it. It is natural to suppose that with mountain forma tion similar to that of the richest min eral districts in the world, and rich float being picked up in every part of the county, as well as mineral veins ap parent on the surface in many locali ties, that Mora county has a great fu ture as a mineral producer. Although Mora has no coal mines, the coal indi cations are such that many thousands of tons could be produced annually with but little labor and investment of capital. Clay for brick-making, red and white sandstone, and limestone ex ist in large quantities and of commer cial quality. Near Wagon Mount de posits of alum are reported. THE STOCK INDUSTRY, According to this year's assessment the county has about 15,000 cattle, 76, 919 sheep, and 3,000 goats. As a mat ter Of fact these figures should be mul tiplied at least by two. The wool pro duced in the county amounts to about 750,000 pounds annually, and the cattle shipped out annually total almost as many as the assessment credits the county with. It has an ideal range and the raising and fattening of beef cattle Is one of the principal industries around Wagon Mound, Watrous, and other settlements. The eastern portion is devoted entirely to stock raising The mesas support numerous flocks of sheep and herds of cattle. This im mense stock range is well watered and has good shelter In its breaks and canons. The grass is very nutritious, being black gramma and blue joint, and in most years is cut for hay, yielding as high as two tons to the acre. For tunes have been made in Mora county by stock raising, and the man who pos sesses capital, some experience and business ability can invest money to no better purpose than in this in dustry. AGRICULTURE. The county leads in agriculture. To gether with Taos couruy it was the granary of the southwest for many years, and before the advent of the railroads caravans came from far and near to secure wheat and other agri cultural products. Even today from 25 to 60 wagons,- loaded with agricul tural products, are on the road daily from the Mora valley to Las Vegas or to Wagon Mound. Five acres produce 13,665 pounds of oats, or 85 bushels to the acre. Potatoes yield from 3 to 6 tons per acre, Mora county being one of the few parts of the southwest where potatoes are raised successfully. Irrigation is not needed to raise crops The' principal crops are wheat, oats, alfalfa, corn, barley, rye, potatoes, and vegetables. Horticulture is a very suc cessful pursuit, and the fruit raised here will stand comparison with that raised anywhere in the United States. Its flavor is unsurpassed and in size and color it has no equal. From the Mora and adjoining valleys 15,000 pounds of oats are shipped annually and about 2,000,000 pounds of corn. Enough wheat is raised to supply and keep busy the year around one modern roller mill and six water-power grist mills. The homeseeeker can purchase land already under cultivation at from $10 to $40 per acre. Mora county produces Bugar beets very rich in saccharine matter and yielding a heavy crop to the acre. The extraordinary purity of these beets and their high per cent of sugar have created a demand for them, ana quantities nave been snipped to the Colorado beet-sugar factories as an experiment; but, owing to the cost of freight and the difficulty of taking the beets to the railroad, sugar-beet raising is not as profitable as it would be if a suirar factory or two were lo cated nearer to the beet field. Labor is cheap, water power abundant, and fuel easily secured, factors which would contribute much to the success of beet-sugar factories. The following are the principal agri cultural valleys: The Mora and Agua Negra valley, nearly all under cultiva tion, is twenty-two miles long. In Its narrowest place it is 400 yards wide for the length of about 12 miles; the other 10 miles are from 2 to 3 miles wide. The Cebolla valley is 10 mllas long and from 1 to 3 miles wide. The Guadalupita valley is 5 miles long and 3 miles wide along the Guadalu pita, and then runs 10 miles to Lucero, averaging about a quarter of a mile in width. The Llano del Coyote valley is about 3 miles long and 1 mile wide. The La Cueva valley, not Including the 100,000 acres of the La Cueva Ranch Company, has an area of about 14,000 acres. The Golondrina valley has an area of 5,000 acres. The Cherry and Watrous valleys produce alfalfa prin cipally, although 30,000 pounds of grain Is raised annually, being used mostly in fattening cattle, there being about 20,000 head of cattle in these two val leys. Besides these valleys, which all have irrigation systems, there are the Lower Cebolla, Buena Vista, Carmen, Gascon, and other small valleys that are very productive. HISTORY. Mora is the Spanish word for rasp berry, the first settler naming the section thus on account of the abund ance of wild raspberries. Up to 1830 the county was the hunting ground of Indian tribes who held undisputed sway. In 1832 the first attempt was made by white men to settle cn the present site of Mora, but the settlers were driven off by tho Indians and a number of them were slain. However, other attempts were made, and In 1840 the settler made a brave stand against the Indians and from that day the, white men held the upper hand. The Mora valley was at that time a dense forest and great hardship was endured in clearl'v 'he lands and building homes, w" l a white man would be killed at his own door by marauding Indians, and It was not uncommon for women and children to be carried into captivity. The Mexican government furnished no protection, and the set tlers had but rude weapons with wnich to repel the attacks of the savage hordes, . The government, however, gave a large grant of land to seventy six of these Bturdy men. In 1847, dur ing the war with Mexico, these people were intensely loyal to Mexico. New comers from the States about this time were massacred, and the Ameri can troops, who appeared soon after wards, as a punishment, laid the town of Mora in ashes. After the annexa tion these people were as loyal to the United States as they had been to Mexico, and many of them fought In the Federal ranks during the Civil War. In 1860 the county of Mora was created out of part of the county of Taos. It had seven precincts then, one of the precincts, No. 4, Rayado, later being erected into the counties of Col fax and Union. Being oft the line of railroad In greater part, many primi tive ways still prevail side by side with advanced civilization, adding not a little to the picturesqueness and charms of the section. SETTLEMENTS. Wagon Mound and Mora are the prin cipal towns in Mora county and are treated under the head of "Cities and towns of New Mexico." Watrous, on the San Miguel county line, is next in importance as a ship ping point, being the second largest settlement on the Santa Fe railway in the county. Alfalfa and fruit are raised to a large extent around Wa trous. There are two large store, a blacksmith shop, two churches, and a schoolhouse. One and a half miles from Watrous the Santa Fe railway is operating a stone quarry -which at times employs from 300 to 400 men, supplying ballast for the railway track. Two train loads of stone are shipped daily. Population, 350. Cleveland, better known as San An tonio, lies three miles west of Mora, in the Mora valley. Two Btores, a saw mill, and postofflce are here. Popula tion, 600. Agua Negra is four miles west ot Mora, also in the Mora valley. It has a postofflce, one store, a Protestant church, a mission school, and a saw mill. At this point the main road to Mora starts. Population, 500. Rito de la Agua Negra is fifteen miles west of Mora and is the center of the best oats and potato producing valley in the county. It has two stores, a Protestant church, a Catholic church, and Protestant mission school. Popu lation, 600. Cebolla lies in a rich valley divided from the Mora valley by a mountain range. A large reservoir supplies irrl , gatlon water to the many fertile farms, wheat, hay, and oats being the princi pal products. Population, 400. La Cueva is situated five miles east of Mora and Is supplied with water from the Mora river. It is the head quarters of the La Cueva Ranch Com pany. A Catholic and a Protestant church and a Protestant mission school are maintained. There are also two blacksmith shops at the place. Population, 500. Golondrinas lies thirteen miles east Mora and fifteen miles west of Wa trous. The surrounding valley Is wat ered by the Mora and the Cebolla. Farming and stock raising are the principal industries. Alfalfa and other nay, all Kinds or cereals, legumes, and fruits are the principal products. The settlement-has one store and a post oiline. Population, 250. Cherry Valley Is fifteen miles east of Watrous, and farming is pursued here in accordance with the most mod ern methods. The vrIIrv in wntnrBfl from the Mora river, ditches being taken out on both sides ot the river and watering thousands of acres. Al falfa, Corn, oats, and all kinds of fruits are raised. Vegetables attain an im mense size. Hundreds of cattle, fat and sleek, roam on the adjoining mesas, while sheep graze peacefully by the thousands in this section. Popu lation, 150. Ocate Is twenty-five miles west of Wagon Mound, near the dividing line between Mora and Colfax counties. There are 1,200 settlers in this fertile valley. Ocate has five general stores, each carrying a stock that would do credit to a city store. There are two churches, four schoolhouses, and sev eral blacksmith shops. The town is most beautifully situated, being sur rounded by high well-timbered moun tains. The Ocate Valley is dotted with beautiful meadows, and about 5,000 tons of hay are harvested annually. The Ocate Creek is the dividing line between . the Mora grant and the public domain. Many thousands of cattle, sheep, and horses can be seen grazing around Ocate, making a picture of peace and plenty. The valley was set tled fifty years ago, every foot of land being disputed with hostile Indians, and today a certain part of the valley is known as Corral de log Apaches. The valley is exceptionally well wat ered, the Ocate Creek being formed by several sparkling mountain streams which comes down picturesque canons. Fort Union lies eight miles north of Watrous. It has a romantic history. The caravans on the Santa Fe trail, in the early fifties and sixties often made it a haven of refuge. A stage carried the mall from and to Kansas City once every two or three months, and later on monthly. Freight wagons and the prairie schooners made the trip in six months, and some took a whole year to make a return trip. The place wus to the traveler an oasis and a bulwark against the marauding Indians. The old fort is 6,700 feet above sea level and situated In a valley twenty-five miles long and five miles wide. The Turkey Mountains lies to the east, while to the west rise the majestic slopes of the Rock mountains. The fort was abandoned in 1891. An extinct cra ter lies between it and Ocate, and for many miles around lava is piled up. Guadalupita is situated twelve miles north of Mora in a beautiful valley surrounded by high mountains. The valley round about is well watered by several small streams, the chief of which Is the Coyote, which gets Its flow from the Black Lakes, In Colfax county. There is a sawmill, general store, a church, and a school in the settlement, which also has a postofflce. Hay, grain, potatoes and legumes are raised in large quantities, but the chief Industry is stock raising. Many thou sand sheep graze in the hills, and on the mountains browse many herds of cattle. Grass comes very urly in the spring, and therefore catue do excep tionally well. The winters are mild. The road to the Black Lakes, Cimarron, Elizabethtown, and Taos passes through Guadalupita, crossing the Coyote twenty-three times in the can on. Many a fishing party finds its way to this canyon or. to the Black Lakes, where trout fishing, as well as hunting, yields excellent sport. Popu lation. 250. Turquino is six miles north of Gua dalupita. There are two sawmills in the valley, with an almost inexhaust ible supply of timber to draw on. Hay, grain, and the legumes are the prin cipal crops. Potatoes, however, are grown to an Immense size. A number of promis. mineral' prospects are in the near-by mountains, but not devol oped to any extent. Population, 350. Coyote is seven miles northeast "of Mora. It is in a narrow valley about a mile wide, with high mountains and: bluffs on all sides. Stock raising and agriculture are the main industries. A' general stora and a postofflce are found here. There are several fine orchards. In the valley. A concentrator situated there is idle at present, although con siderable work is being done on th fine mineral prospects in the vicinity. Copper is the principal ore, some of it assaying as high as 85 per cent.,' besides carrying gold, silver, and lead. Population, 200. , Llano del Coyote Is two miles east of Coyote. Its resources are chiefly' stock raising and farming. It has two: stores, one church, a school, and a. blacksmith shop. It is situated in an open valley, watered by the Coyote. Population, 300. MORA COUNTY'S FUTURE. Now is the. time to. settle in Mora county. The building' of branch rail roads into the county will greatly in- crease land values and will bring many opportunities for the establishment of new industries, the development of la tent resources, . the . building of new towns and the growth of .the older settlements. With Its ideal climate, its abundance of water, its undeveloped resources, Mora county promises in the near future to become one of the most densely populated and richest sections of the great Southwest. DIRECTORY CHURCHES. CATHOLIC CHURCH Rev. Father Ant Cellier, pastor. Services held monthly. Notices of date of service will be posted a week in advance. No tify the pastor of sick calls, METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. Rev. H. C. Grlmmell, pastor. . Services every second Sunday in each month,' morning and evening; Sunday school every Sunday" at 10. Rev. Holmes will, preach every fourth Sunday. CLUBS. i ROY COMMERCIAL CLUB. Meet ings held on first and third Tuesdays, every month in Chib Hall. Officers: F, a. noy, president; Austin warman, vug president; Jacob Floershelm, secretary? L. E. Aldridge, treasurer. Executive Committee: Frank A. Roy, Austin Har man, Jacob Floershelm, L. E. Aldridge' and F. , S. Brown.. . .. . v . , . PRIMROSE PROGRESSIVE CIRCLE. Meetings held every Saturday after noon. Mrs. W. H. Wlllcox, president; Mrs. Geo. Tlndall,; vice president; Mrs. W. A. Brunage, secretary; Mrs. F. S. Brown treasurer. Trustees: Mrsj F. A. Roy, Mrs. W. H. Willcox, Mrs. L. E. Alldrldge. . SWASTIKA DRAMATIC CLUB. The Swastika : Dramatic Club meets every Monday night. Qfficers: Mrs, B. Goodman, president;. Mrs. Nellie Wlllcox, vice president; Mrs. J, Floer shelm. treasurer; , Miss Stella Mason, secretary; M. H. Karlsruher, manager; Mrs. Nellie Baum, ássistaht. PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. Rev. J. S. Russell. Sunday School every Sunday,-10:00 a. m. Preaching, first Sun day of each month, morning and even ing, services at school house. WOODMEN OF THE ' WORLD' Meets at the Bushkevitz hall on the first and third Tuesday of each month. Alex. S. Bushkevitz, consul commander; W. P. Tlndall, past consul commander; Abe Stanton, Jr., adviser lieutenant; L. E. Aldridge, clerk; Max Krause, banker; F. S. Brown, escort; George Tlndall. watchman; J. M. Aldridge, sentry. C. E. Farrington Attorney -at- Law I ATTEND TO ALL LEGAL MAI TERS BEFORE ALL THE TERRI TORIAL COURTS. LAND MATTERS A SPECIALTY. Clayton - ' New Mexico Union Co. Why Liquors Froth. When liquors are bottled they con tain a certain amount of sugar, which ferments through thé action of min ute pores or cells. These break the sugar up into liquid and carbonic acid gas when the cork is withdrawn and Instantly makes- its escape and, rising in bubbles, produces effervescence and froth.