The Cody enterprise and the Park County enterprise., August 16, 1922, Page PAGE SEVEN, Image 7

About The Cody enterprise and the Park County enterprise. (Cody, Wyo.) 1921-1923

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WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 16, 1922.
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HE Gregorian calendar |
that we use Is an evo
lution which had its be
ginnings in the prehistoric
times with the purpose
of ascertaining and re-
I cording the most propl
I tious dates for the sow
-9 Ing of craps. Since the
7
World war, the Russians, Siberians,
Turks, Chinese, Japanese, Egyptians
and other nations have adopted the
Gregorian calendar for governmental,
legal and other natural purposes.
Nevertheless, as everyone knows, the
Gregorian calendar has defects and
every now and then somebody comes
forward with a scheme for changing it.
Now It is purposed to assemble the
International Government Conference
of Ail Nations to make changes which
seem advisable and adopt an “inter
national fixed calendar.”
The defects lir the Gregorian cal
endar and the changes which seem
advisable, together with other useful
and Interesting information are set
forth in an Illustrated article in the
Pan American Union with the title.
“The Evolution of Calendars and How
to Improve Them,” by Moses B. Cots
worth, F. G. S„ F. S. A., F. C. A., sec
retary treasurer of the International
Fixed Calendar league. The defects
In our calendar are summarized in the
following outline:
We earn and pay by the month, but
have not an equal monthly measure,
except for prisoners, whose time is
counted in months of 30 days.
Our months vary from 28 to 31 days
—ll per cent difference—yet the
same monthly salaries, rents, etc.,
must be inequitably paid. Monthly
business charges for maintenance, de
preciation, etc., are unfairly appor
tioned, and monthly profits credited
as though each month were produc
tively one-twelfth of the year.
The confusing changes in week-day
names for the same dates In succes
sive months, through the Intrusion of
New Year and leap days, cause furth
er disparities which are misleading
In business, as evidenced when com
paring monthly output of full working
days from Monday to Friday, plus a
half day on Saturday. On this basis
March. 1922, has 14 per cent more
earning time than February, which is
only one-thirteenth of the year.
The changing week-day names bring
Christmas, New Year’s, and other hol
idays on Sunday and into weeks which
they split, depriving toiling millions In
all countries of the more-prized holi
day extensions combined with week
ends.
The shifting range of weeks through
the months burdens business and so
cial life with many tiresome refer
ences, limitations, and troubles. A few
examples here may suffice:
We are constantly forced to consult
the calendar to trace how many weeks
Intervene between any given dates,
and to ascertain the week-day names
throughout the months. Periodical
Silk Stockings
It appears that Henry IT, when pre
paring for the marriage of his sister
in 1550, first had the idea for silk
hose, M. F. (Bradford), and nt that
epoch-making event he was the first
to wear knitted silk stockings. A
hundred years later one Hlndres es
tablished a factory for stockings In
the Hois de Boulogne. This was the
first factory in France. It was a suc
cess from the start, and when it re-
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business and social meetings ».eld on
selected Weekdays have to be de
scribed In by-laws, etc., as the “first
and third Wednesdays,” “the Friday
nearest the twentieth,” etc. Dates
for national holidays, festivals, etc.,
falling on Sundays have to be post
poned by proclamation, etc. Bank
drafts, trade bills, etc., due on Sun
day have tn be held over, and one
day’s interest thereon lost. Monthly
trade balances, wage adjustments,
etc., are complicated by weekly wages
being split up In the week which, be
ginning in any one month, quarter,
semester, or year, end in the next fol
lowing. Nine of the months extend in
to five weeks, and three into six, as
a glance at the chart will show.
There were five Saturdays each In
January, April, July, October, and
December, 1921, when housekeepers
were calendar-forced to buy a fifth
week’s supply of meats, groceries,
etc., out of equal monthly income
quotas.
Conversely, storekeepers in the
months of five Saturdays are encour
aged by their inflated Incomes to over
buy.
Now for the ways of remedying the
calendar defects:
We cannot alter the length of the
days, weeks, or years, but we can
easily amend the months, so that each,
like February In 1914, will contffin
28 days in 7-day weeks, which exactly
and best quarter the month for busi
"ness and social convenience. That
ideal month is tlie standard proposed,
because It is not an experiment but
the easiest and best now used. To ex
pedite long counts of days between
any two dates, it would be better to
number, instead of to name, the
months; but if names are more de
sirable, the new month "Sol’’ could be
Inserted between June July as
readily ns “leap day” was Inserted
between February and March, 1920.
This proposed new month, with the
other 12 equal 28-day months, will
constitute the amended calendar year
proposed, after “New Year day” (with
out any week-day name) is prefixed as
an extra whole Saturday or Sunday
holiday to precede the Ist of January,
In which month New Year day will be
included as “January 0.”
This will absorb the extra week
day (over and above the 52 weeks)
width now needlessly and most Incon
veniently causes the names of all
week-days to change throughout the
successive 365 dates of each year. In
leap years, leap day should precede
celved protection from the ministers
It became a gold mine. In 1666 the
venture was turned into a company.
From It arose the society of stocking
makers. At this time ribbed stock
ings were made In England, but It
was not until nearly a century later
that such wear was Introduced Into
France.
Th® Worthy Amateur.
There is no excuse for amateur
work being bad. Amateurs often ex
cuse their shortcomings on the ground
either “Sol 1” or July 1 as “0,” being
in either case an extra Saturday in
ternational holiday with no week-day
name.
When these changes are made, it
follows that the same day in each
week will always fall on the same
four fixed dates each month, so that
each week-day name will always de
note its monthly dates, and vice versa,
as the “standard month” would then
apply to all months.
A less essential change is the pro
posal to abolish moon-wandering Eas
ters by the international churches fix
ing Easter at the most convenient
date In April.
Referring to the Illustrations given
herewith: Stonehenge, the collection
of great monoliths in England whose
purpose was so long a mystery, is now
known to have been for calendar pur
poses. Sir Norman Lockyear has cal
culated that the so-called “Sunrise
Stone” was erected about 1680 B. C.
The pyramids were erected .by the
ancient Egyptians in order to meas
ure the shortest noon-shadows, that
tlie days between might be counted.
The sphinx played its part in the cal
culations by which the Egyptians
reckoned a year of 365 days and a
fraction. Thus the pyramids were
built to safeguard the life of Egypt,
which depended upon utilizing the
Nile valley’s advantages by applying
calendar knowledge to agriculture.
The various pyramids were used as
tombs for Pharaohs only after each
one except the one In use had been
superseded by a more perfectly sloped
pyramid.
“The Standard Month” and the “Day
Pointer” below it practically explain
themselves. “Sol,” it will be noted, Is
twenty-eight days, four complete
weeks. Every month is to be like it
and will be ticked off by the “Day
Pointer.”
The calendars for January and Feb
ruary of 1922 show unequal months
split the weeks at month-ends most
awkwardly, causing rnuny Inconveni
ences.
The remaining figure of monthly
dates show the broken weekly range
in 1922, which includes 42 complete
and 21 broken weeks, including also
the odd day, December 81. The latter,
by being Sunday, like January 1.
forces the Inconvenient change ol
week-day names in all the months and
years which follow. This shows the j
need of a monthly measure in which j
the day names are “fixed” as to the
numerical dates.
that they are not professionals, the
professional could plead with greater
Justice that he Is not an amateur.
. . . The question Is, what is the
amateur an amateur of? What is he
really in love with? Is he In love
with other people, thinking he sees
something which he would like to
show them? ... If this Is his po
sition he can do no wrong, the spirit
in which he works will Insure that ids
defects will be only as bad spelling
or bad grammar In the pretty saying
of a child.- Samuel Butler.
Rain Dries Air,
Says Scientist
Sort. Interesting Paradoxes Are
Explained by Dr. Humphreys of
Smithsonian Institution.
HOTTER SUN—COLDER EARTH
Old Sol Rises Before He Is Up and
Sets Before It Goes Down—Bent
Rays of Light Account for
This Paradox.
Washington.—A rainstorm dries the
air; more goes up than comes down;
as the sun sets the air grows warmer;
the hotter the sun grows, the colder
the earth becomes; the sun rises be
fore it is up and sets after it is down;
these are strong statements and sound
like a fairy tale, but they are all true.
Dr. W. J. Humphreys, quoted in the
annual report of the Smithsonian in
stitution which has just been made
public, explains all of them. They are
perfectly well known to scientists, if
not to laymen.
As everyone knows, Dr. Humphreys
declares, water evaporates and Is
taken up In the air as vapor. This ac
tion is continuous all over the earth
and the atmosphere would soon be
come very soggy if it weren’t’ dried
out. Rain is the collection, or con
densation, and precipitation of these
moisture particles, consequently the
more it rains the less water there Is
left in the atmosphere, or the drier
the air becomes.
Contradicts Old Saying.
Tlie second of Dr. Humphrey’s para
doxes seems flatly to contradict the
old saying ‘-‘whatever goes up must
come down.” However, as the writer
expresses it, vertical circulation in the
atmosphere is only gravitational ac
tion, consisting in the sinking of rela
tively cold and therefore dense air,
and rising of warm and light air. Con
tracted air descends, expanded air
ascends. Therefore, mass for mass,
the volume of ascending air Is always
larger than that descending.
The third paradox is merely away
of stating that the warmest part of
the day is not at noon, when the sun
is at meridian or overhead and should
seemingly be pouring down greater
heat, but several hours later In the
afternoon. That is because the sur
face of the earth and the lowpr lay
ers of air continue to absorb more
heat from the upper layers for some
time after the latter have been re
ceiving the maximum amount of heat
radiation from the sun.
While it is not yet universally con
ceded that the next puzzler, “the hot
ter the sue, the colder the earth,
Why They Call It the Melting Pot
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Here is an amusing example of ti>e democracy and cosmopolitanism of
America —three Japanese youngsters doing a Dutch dunce, wooden shoes and
ail, at a school in Monte Bello, Cal.
CUPID LETS DO
Russian Refugee Stowaway Per
mitted to Enter Country.
First Officer of the Manitowoc Faile In
Love With Girl He Found in Hid
ing on Ship—Passports
Are Waved.
Washington. —Love came to Anna
Vlvdenko, a Russian refugee stowaway
on the high sens, after she and her
companion, Evguenla Bonar, had been
discovered hiding on the American
steamship Manitowoc, bound from the
Black sea to Baltimore.
When John Brukka, first offeer on
the Manitowoc, ordered the trembling
girls to emerge from their hiding
place, he little thought that before the
voyage ended he would have plighted
his troth to Anna. But this is exactly
what happened, and the bureau of Im
migration, Department of Labor, has
set aside the recommendation of de-
really is true. Dr. Humphreys states,
the evidence in favor of it la already
very strong.
Another Paradox Explained.
The paradox of the sun rising be
fore it is actually up and setting after
it has actually gone down is explained
by the bending of light waves when
passing through the air. A stick when
placed in clear water seems to bend;
a light ray when sent through the air
does actually bend. The rays from
the rising sun are bent when they
strike the air envelope. This angle
varies according to well-known laws,
but on the average the light from the
sun is bent 34*4 seconds of degree, so
that the upper limb of the sun when
first seen is actually half a degree be
low the horizon. As the angular diam
eter of either sun, moon or star Is less
than this fraction it follows that when
the sky Is sufficiently clear the whole
of either may be seen before even its
HAS LARGEST ANNUAL INCOME
New York State Gets Eighth of
Total for the Nation.
Analysis of Distribution of Income
by States Shows Diversity in Per
Capita Income in Different
States.
New York. —New York leads every
state in the Union with an annual In
come of $9,074,859,000. or more than
one-eighth of the total national in
come, according to figures announced
by the National Bureau of Economic
Research, Inc. Nevada brings up the
rear of the procession of states with
$65,791,000 as the total income re
ceived by Us inhabitants.
These figures form part of an ex
haustive investigation of incomes in
the United States, made by the re
search staff of the National Bureau
of Economic Research, led by Dr.
Wesley The bureau’s re
port on “Distribution of Income by
States,” prepared by Oswald W.
Knauth, shows the extraordinary di
versity in the per capita income of
people in different parts of the coun
try.
While per capita income in the
United States as a whole in 1919 was
$627, the per capita income in the re
gion embracing the Pacific states was
$796 and in the middle Atlantic states
$783. In the south central and east
south central states the rate sank to
<463 and $364, respectively.
New York State also heads the list
; f per capita incomes, striking an
iWN THE U. S. BARS
portatlon made by the board of spe
cial Inquiry at Baltimore, and admit
ted them for six months. The State
department, "for humanitarian rea
sons,” waved passport requirements.
Anna and Evguenia, the former a
vocalist and typist, the latter an act
ress, were employed on the dock
at Neveressick, Russia, when the
Manitowoc arrived for cargo. They
conspired to stowaway on the Amer
ican vessel and seek fame and fortune
In the new land.
Two Russian boys, with whom bey
had worked, were taken Into the se
cret, and the four found a black
hole big enough to accommodate
them all. Two days out they were
discovered, and their problem becalm
the problem of Capt. Wai demar Knud
sen.
The captain decided to put the
boys ashore at Messina, Italy, but the
girls pleaded so piteously to be al
lowed to remain that his heart soft
ened towards them. So, when soviet
PAGE SEVEN
Woman Making Record
Killing Wyoming Snakes
Gillette, Wyo.—Gillette ranch- ;■
ers have declared open season on ;;;
rattlesnakes, and a woman. Miss :
Betty Carter. Is ru.« ling the
head of the list a neck-and-neck
race in disposing of the rattlers
To date she has killed fifty-six '
In the Pleasant HUI community,
which Is n close second to the ;
number reported by Dick Bell
and Bill Jones, who have slain
slxty-four from two dens.
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topmost portion Is geometrically aoove
the horizon.
Contradicts Old Saying.
While the reverse Is not absolutely
correct astronomically, it is added,
when sun. star or moon set, because
of the slight modification of refraction
due to earth rotation, nevertheless the
difference is exceedingly slight. Con
sequently. as the light rays are bent
upward by earth’s atmosphere the sun
has actually gone down before It is
seen by a terrestrial observer.
average of $874. Nevada. California.
Wyoming, Massachusetts and Wash
ington are next with per cnp’ta In
comes around SBOO. The people of
the middle Atlantic states alone re
ceived more than one-fourth of the
entire income of the country in 1919.
and with the east north central states
received nearly one-half of it. On
the other hand, the people of the
twelve Southern states, comprising
more than 21 per cent of the popula
tion, received less than 15 per cent of
the total national income.
Farmers in the Pacific states In 1919
had an average Income of more than
$2,800; in the west north central states
their average was $2,300. These fig
ures are in excess of the average of
$1,160 for farmers In New England,
$1,340 in south Atlantic states and less
than SI,OOO in the east south central
st a t es.
The total Income of the south is de
rived largely from farming. The south
Atlantic states draw about one-fourth
of their income from this source, and
the south central states about one
third. The only other group of states
that is equally dependent on farming
is the west north central states, which
draw about one-third of their income
from this source. New England and
the middle states draw less than 4 per
cent of the income from agriculture.
$450 BUYS RARE DUTCH ART
C. J. Fitzgerald Refuses $25,000 for
Painting of Horses Purchased
at Auction.
New York. —Christopher J. Fitzger
ald has loved horses all his life. His
affection goes so far that he wants
pictures of horses around him. Re
cently he saw in in auction room a
painted study of several horses. He
bid $450 and got it.
When he took the painting homo
and had it cleaned he discovered he
had purchased a work of Isaac Van
Astade, a Dutch master of the Seven
teenth century.
An offer of $25,000 has been made
for the painting, but Mr. Fitzgerald
says it is not for sale.
| SAVAGE FISH STOPS BATHING
Capture of Barracuda Near Montreal
Puts End to Water Pastime in
That Vicinity.
Montreal. —Consternation has spread
through bathing circles here by the
capture of a barracuda, near Montreal,
one of which ferocious fish recently
caused the death of Miss McClatchle
of Montreal. She was bitten while
swimming off the Florida coast.
Fishing in I.achine rapids, two men
caught a barracuda. They killed it
when It attacked them. Bathing activ
ities virtually have ceased us a result
of their catch.
Slips on Banana Painting.
London. —William Boggerty sued a
street pavement artist for damages
owing to a broken leg. Boggerty
claimed that the artist used greasy
chalk, causing him to slip on a draw
ing of a banana on the pavement.
soldiers searched his ship at other Rus
sian ports lie found a hiding place for
the girls and brought them to the
United States.
The barrier of language did not pre
vent John Brakke from speaking to
Anna in the language of love, and
before the ship reached Baltimore
she had consented to become his
wife.
Anna sang small parts in Russian
grand opera and Evguenia was an
actress of ability, their papers show.
Anna is nineteen and her companion
twenty-one. Brakke is forty-one.
When they reached Baltimore the
girls’ combined wardrobe consisted of
three pieces and one hat.
Abandons Three-Headed Kitten.
Elkhorn, Wls.—Elkhorn mourns the
death of Wyncken, Blmken and Nodd
of Dr. L. 11. Coulson’s ent family,
which promised to make Elkhorn fa
mous. The kittens were born with
one body but three heads. Life was
sweet until their mother, win fell dis
graced by such oud-looklng offspring,
left for parts unknown.