Fighting Pneumonia,
@
Foe of the Soldier
By Charles F, Bolduan, M.D.
Director, Bureau of Public Health
Education, Department of Health,
: City of New York.
Year after year the coming of win
brings with it an enormous in
in deaths from pneumonia and
nchitis, an increase which is
y avoidable because it is due
failure to observe certain impor
t precautions.
Soldiers in the National Guard and
National Army should take partic
ular precautions against pneumonia.
e the outdocr life they are lead
is bound to do them a world of
, they should also remember that
: life in the field is new to them
, that they should safeguard them
‘selves. The two greatest dangers of
onia are _getting overheated
- then going out into the cold
roperly clad, and by the spread
of pneumonia germs.
o eumonia, bronchitis, conghs and
nll:l: are all caused by tiny germs.
-These germs are found in the spit,
snd in the discharges from the nose
‘and throat of those who have coughs
hth:oldl and bronchitis and pneu
mo: When such & person coughs
or sneeses, without covering his face
with a handkerchief, he sprays mil
lions of the disease germs into the
&'fl' where they may be breathed by
ers. This occurs so frequently that
‘we all are now and then breathing in
such germs. If we keep our bodies
fi good condition we shall probably
able to fight off these germs and
-not become sick.
Thh‘fiu been well brought out as
the result of laboratory experiments.
For exawmple, frogs ordinarily do not
become sick if injected with anthrax
germs, a very deadly germ which
readily kills cattle and also men. If
such frogs, however, are kept in a
warm room =2t blood-heat tempera
ture, they will rapidly become sick
and die of anthrax. In the case of
chickens, which also do not readily
take anthrax, sickness and death fol
jow the injection of anthrax germs
provided the clrickens ‘are chilled.
White rats ordinarily are quite re
_sistant. to_anthrax germs. Yet they
rapidly become sick and die after be
ing injected with anthrax germs pro
vided they have first been fatigued.
It is a simple matter to fatigue a rat
in a laboratory by making the animal
run a treadmill. Various animals
can be readily infected with doses of
disease germs, to which they ordi
narily are résistant, if their strength
is reduced by alcohol.
The lessons from these experi
ments are plain. The body should
pot be either excessively overheated
or chilled. When fatigued special
care should be taken not to exposs
oneself to infection of any kind. Al
cobolic beverages should be shunned.
fiery physiciap of experience will
1 you that pneumonia and alcohol
are a deadly combination. The mor
fality from pneumonia is twice as
high in drinking men as in abstainers.
| m'm following rulegq will be help-
Cover up each cough and sneeze—
if you don’t you’ll spread disease.
. Spitting in public places is a flithy
and dangerous habit. Don’'t do it
yourself and don’t let others do it.
Keep out of large crowds in closed
or poorly ventilated rooms.
See that your shack is well ven
tilated. Dress warmly when you go
outdoors, .
Be especially careful not to get‘
suddenly chilled after being over
heated.
Do not use common drinking enpa‘
—don’t “swap” pipes, don’t use the
same towel.
: U. 8. SOLDIERS' HOTELS. |
When American soldiers go to
Paris on leave from the trenches,
they find a welcome awaiting them
in that city. The Paris Y. M. C. “A.
is already making great preparations
to accommodate the thousands of
American soldiers who will soon be
there, The opening of a chajn of Y.
M. C. A. hotels in Paris was cele
brated recently, with American Am
bassador William G. Sharp presiding.
The Hotel Pavillon, 36-38 Rue de
I’Echiquier, which will accommodate
300 men, was opened under the di
rection of Secretary E. C. Carrington,
former Army secretary in the Philip
pines. It is situated very near the
g d boulevards, and in the down
gwn theatre district, and such a
zadical reduction has been made that
army and navy men on leave may se
cure rooms and meals at cost price.
A second Y. M. C. A. hotel, the Hotel
Richmont, 11 Rue du Helder, was
opened under the charge of Secretary
A. D. Enyart, former Dean of a col
lege in Florida. It will be used ex
clusively for officers.
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Drawn Expressly for TRENCH AND CAMP BY BELL . ’
WW¢
Lawrence Sperry’s recent experi
ments in a triplane, a Curtiss model,
which he calls the “ultimate safe
machine,” have called attention for
cibly to the great strides that have
been made in developing speed in air
craft.
Records show that at the outbreak
of the war the highest type of de
pendatle aeroplane could seldom de
velop an average of more than fifty
miles an hour. ¥
Now the fastest large war planes
go at the rate of 120 miles an hour,
or a mile every half minute. And
this rate of speed is sustained
throughout long flights.
Not only has great progress
made in the matter of speed. At the
outbreak of the war a fast flight with
a passenger was thought quite re
markgble. Now . these fastest of
flights are made with a ton or more
of cargo, whether of passevyers or 011
dead weight. - A
In August, 1914, the standard
army machine of great Britain might
have reached a speed of 58 miles an
hour. Only a year later the standard
British machine had mdunted a 100-
horsepower glu. Bat the aero
plane with equipment was uo]
heavy that only a slight gain was
made in speed. In May of the fol
lowing year the British produced a
war plane with s 120-horsepower en-i
gine that developed 75 miles an hour
and was unusually atable. It was a
fine fighting plane because of its sta
bility and this type has been retained
for combat. ;
Later that spring the Germans
brought forth the famous Fokker. It
developed az high as 96 miles an
hour and it carried the first machine
gun to fire through the propeller.
. With the Fokker the Germans were
on the way to gaining air supremacy.
The French came to the rescue. They
produced three types of machines
that were each more than a match
for the Fokker.
The British adopted the French
type and air supremacy was regalned
by the Allles, The machines finally
attained a speed of 115 miles per
hour. - i
Secretary Lane Lauds
War Work of Y. M. C. A.
- The Y. M. C. A. ministers to the
souls of these boys as well as to |
their bodies; it gives them cheer
;:?h M“‘w hearty slap
y gaes a8
on the shoulder and a willingness
to hear and advise. Millions of
:nk-e-::‘dznu.flnhm
'P"“ h“‘ M’l
look with comfidence to America
wmuflmw
hfl:hg h.th?‘mt.:( the
zll. A, st the war front and
behidd the lines.
FRANKLIN K. LANE.
Then the Germans dcvd?ed the
Fokker to a point where 120 miles
an hour was not impossible.
e Bebcggodbor g e L 154
horsepower engine ‘atts 8
speed of 180 miles an hour. The
British were slow to adopt this new
style and for a time the Germans
played havoe with the English,
Then the British forced their ma
chines to 130 miles an hour and chal
lenged again for the lost air suprem
acy. :
Last {e‘r the French attained a
speed of 145 miles an hour and the
Germans did the same thing. But
these machines, while in war servige,
can hardly be called battleplanes.
They are very useful in observation
work.
SAVING THE “SEED"
The new cavalrymen were out on
their first route march, each man
carrying a feed of corn on his sad
dle. After they had proceeded some
distance the sergeant-major noticed
that one man had. his nosebag in
his hand.
“Now, then!” shouted the irate’
noncom, “what are you doing with
the nosebag?” . .
“Well, sir,” -stammered the re
cruit, “the bag was hanging that”
loose I was afraid the seed would
fall out!”
“Beed!” echoed the sergeant
major, as he nearly exploded with
wrath “Why, what do you think
you're riding? A blooming canary?”
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