Imperial Valley press., May 23, 1922, Page 6, Image 6

About Imperial Valley press. (El Centro, Calif.) 1907-current

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6
PRIVATE MONEY MAKING
IN AMERICA
r* * ’ IC T AI
Of -*2K-A< » » . »»6‘,
_ r fk r i * v
C/ !/ -
1/nrra.j a <x»jA3e»ii’ I’W <ii»-
Tx»;e in r?<-em’.\ om»?
■ irtuitv - <ariuK« «.* t>Tr**r : v » • y
f>r t'>e rui'iJ. mw* -
W'\£°S. T >•“ «*T*'x «r» 4n
•Uly »•! 4>r; ’■«*>■. tax*.
i>wUr kfioru* : V e;*f 1.-.» < 1 ) I
•-hr :-rrx»axi- oi ].h>etc,” N-
turii oet }*• one hour C'-ci day, ,
acing the »jir‘ ‘y " '"soli noi
V*s;cr’ la d::.i.:v.«-ucn than 500 j
«•! ’.vS. »
A curious wampum making machine in use for 100 years.
When, in comparison, we con
*-der how Uncle Sam manufac
tures our money down in \\ash
ri.iton am] at the several mints
• r.d how carefully every penny is
ynrded again-r loss this loose
method of money making in Rus
sia a\ present seems almost unbe
tir able to a good many Amer
.‘v allS.
A Private Mint
Yet it is a fact that at the pres
ort day a certain form of money
once widely current in America but
t ow quite unknown to most peo
ple is manufactured in this coun
try in just as free and easy a man
r.tf as anything the Bolshevists
might attempt. Moreover, it is no
more counterfeit than the Russian
coinage, although our Government
lias nothing to do with its produc
tion and does not in any way rec
ognize it as specie.
Quite recently there v-as placed
on~exhibition in the Bergen Coun
ty, New Jersey. Historical Society
a private money making machine
which had been in use- for nearly
-nt hundred years, no less than
: .ur generations of one family em
v loying it for extensive money
r, ak ng purposes. \\ ith this an
n uncement the question naturally
a-iscs: What are the operatives of
1 ncle Sam’s Secret Service doing
t allow a private money making
enterprise to go on without mo
lestation? The answer is simple—
the money made on this machine
in no way resembles United States
coinage. Nevertheless in certain
sections of the West it was once
quite extensively used for sale and
barter, and is still limitedly em
ployed. In brief this "money” is
what has always been known to
the Indians as wampum and for a
long time, after the arrival of the
Market^Report
STATE MAEKETS
RAX FRANCISCO, May 23.—Xevr
fruits are gradually increasing on tlie
wholesale markets. Today one dealer
received the first lot of figs from
Mecca, Coachella Valley, which sold at
$7.50 a box.
A fresh shipment of cantaloupes
from Mexico sold from Sc'.so to $2 75 a
It
erated onions were weak and in very
light demand. White* were selling for
$1.25 a crate or slightly less, while
yellows were being offered for sl.
Tomatoes were 25 cents higher on
the crate while summer squash was
weak and lower.
Nearly all grades of poultry suffered
sharp decline. Supplies were gradual
ly increasing with little noticeable de
mands.
FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
Grapefruit, California, per box, 4.25.
Vegetables, artichokes, per case, 4.00
(2)6.00; bunched vegetables, per dozen,
carrots, 60; turnips, 55(5 60; beets 50@
60; green 0ni0n5,,1.75(2 2; cabbage, per
pound, 3 ets.; cucumbers, per small
box, 3@3.50; onions, per ewt., white
globes, 1.25; peas, green, per lb., .01 Vj
(u .04; sweet potatoes, per cwt., 3.50(2 4.
POULTRY AND GAME
Broilers, 1 to \\ lbs., .30(5 .32; IV
to 1 %, .32(2.34; V)' t to 2 .3%<2.40; Leg
horn hens, 2% to 3 lbs., .14(2.36; 3 lbs.
and over, .21@.23; large colored hens,
.24@25; live turkeys, young; ,34@.36;
dressed turkeys, young .36(2'.40; Bel
gian hares, live, .14(2.16; dressed, .16(2.
.23; squabs, live, .50@.55.
CHICAGO LIVESTOCK
Hogs—Receipts, 29,000; market, 10(7/
35 lower: top, 10.65; bulk of sales, 10.15
<210.65; heavyweight, 10.25@10.45; me
dium weight, 0.10(210.65; light weight,
10.60@10.65; heavy packing sows, 9.35
(29.75; pigs, 9.25(2 10.25.
Cattle —Receipts, 9,000; market 10c
higher; choice and prime, 8.65@9.25;
medium and good, 7.75(58. .5: common,
7 I.T 7.7 ; good and choice, 8.85@9.15;
common and medium, 7.15@8.35 butcher
< tittle and heifers, 5.90(28.50; cows, 4.25
0f'5.25; cows and heifers, 7.73(2'9.75;
teal calves, 7.25@>7.85; feeder steers,
2.75(i>'7.75.
'«-iaie man, it was very much more
| • to the original inhabitants
of America than the white man's
v*mWicss to dispense with his
«txi;ium is the reason for the ex.
i.-rnce right down to our time of
a demand for this primitive cur
r-rcy.
V, Kites Manufacture Indian Money
The Indians, of course, were the
first wampum makers but when it
became a medium of exchange for
the early colonists and traders the
white men took up its manufacture
and have continued to make it long
years after the Indians themselves
have stopped doing so.
There are several reasons for
this but the principal one is that
by the encroachment of the set
tlers upon their territory, the In
dians have been gradually driven
away from the sea to the interior
plains where the proper shells for
the manufacture of wampum are
not obtainable. The white man
living near the coast can, however,
still secure all the sea shells re
quired. Thus the Indians have
come to depend entirely upon
them for their wampum.
A Family Affair '
Most of this wampum making
came finally to be carried on by a
few old families of Southern New
Jersey, foremost amongst whom
for many years were the Camp
bells. From the early part of the
18th century until quite recently
when the last member of this fam
ily died, these people turned out
vast quantities o{ wampum for In
dian usage.
The second and third generations
of wampum making Campbells
supplied much wampum to John
Jacob Astor, who used it in buy
ing furs from the Indians. It was
probably Mr. Astor who opened up
the way for the Campbells’ exten
sive wampum trade on the plains
and in the far west, which has last
ed to the present, although its
manufacture is now very rapidly
dying, as the Indians have become
more and more civilized and ac
customed to the intrinsic value of
the white man’s money. Yet some
wampum is still made on the New
Jersey Coast.
A Wampum Workshop
The interior of a wampum work
shop is as different as it is possible
to be from a regulation mint. In
fact in its primative nature it more
BUTTER AND EGGS
I.OS ANGELES, May 23.—Butter 38;
Eggs, extra, 27; case count, 23%.
Pullets 21, hens 20 to 30, broilers 24
to 30.
COTTON MARKET
NEW YORK, May 23.—Cotton open
ed steady: May 21.65, up L.; July
20.30; October 20.08, up 2; December
20.09, up 11.
Open high low close
Mav 23.65 21.65 21.25 21.33
July 2'>.3i i 20.3,5 20.00 20.08
i i - 20.08 20.20 19.86 19.91
Dec. .. 20.00 20.11 19.81 39.84
Jan 39.22 19.98 19.67 19.72
March 19.75 19.78 19.52 19.55
Market closed slightly easier. Spot
quiet, off 20. Mid uplands 21.60.
PLAN NEW YORK TO
LONDON, 18 HOURS
WASHINGTON, May 23.—A new
type of lighter-than-air air craft, which,
it is claimed, will revolutionize air
transport, and will be propelled up
ward by the unique means of a vacuum
maintained within its center, has been
invented by an Italian, Signor Vaugean,
according to reports to the cloudy air
service.
Three concentric hulls will form the
body of the new ship, a partial vacuum
to be effected in the outer two, the
third, inmost, to be made as nearly a
perfect vacuum as is • possible, by
pumps. By reductiou and equal distri
bution of external pressure on the three
separate hulls the existing pressure on
any portion of the craft would be less
than five pounds a square ineh.
A prospective speed of 215 miles an
hour would be possible —New York to
London in eighteen hours —when equip
ped with four 300 horsepower engines,
dually propelling the ship and operat
ing the pumps.
THIRTEEN CHURCH
BOARDS ABOLISHED
DES MOINES, la., May 23.—The
most radical Rtep in the 134 years’ his
tory of the church was taken late yes
terday afternoon by the Presbyterian
general assembly in session here, when
the convention voted to accept the first
three paragraphs of part one of the re
port of the committee on reorganization.
This action eliminates 13 boards and
nearly resembles a limekiln. The
floors are hidden from sight by
great heaps of shells, and the rude
benches and tools are covered en
tirely with white-dying dust as the
shells are being ground and drilled,
and suggests the application of in
numerable coats of whitewash,
which in fact it really is.
The wampum makers purchase a
cartload of conch and clam shells
for 25 cents, delivered at their
doors, and when a shell of sufficient
thickness is selected it is broken
with hammer and chisel into cubes
of about two inches in length and
one-third of> an inch square. The
piece of shell is then securely
wedged into a vise made of two
pieces of wood, connected with a
hinge in the center. The jaws of
the vise are opened and the shells
inserted. Then the vise is closed
tightly and held by pressure
against the grindstone. In this
manner, in a short time, the edges
of the shell are rounded, and then
the drill is brought into use.
The workman sits at a three
legged table, the top of which is
fashioned from the half of a log,
the under side still retaining the
original bark covering, and affix
ing one end of the drill to play
freely in a button on his jacket,
he next takes up a whalebone bow,
similar to the kind used by jewel
ers, and, giving the cord a turn
about the spool on the drill, he
works the bow rapidly back and
forth, from right to left, till the
sharp end of the drill penetrates
through the cube of shell from end
to end lengthwise.
When a sufficient number of
cubes are completed they are then
smoothed and polished with emery
paper and strung on wires, pre
cisely the same as children string
beads, and they are then ready for
the market. The wampum that is
made from the streaked, bluish
parts of hard-clam shells is the
most beautiful, and therefore more
valuable, and is harder and tough
er to work. The price paid for the
products of this now almost obso
lete industry is 14 cents a running
inch on the string, and the a verage
amount of money made by these
shell money makers is about $6 a
day during the season.
Origin of Wampum
In the Hall of the Indians of the
Woodlands, in The American
Museum of Natural History, New
York, may be seen a case contain
ing strings and belts of curious
looking white and purple beads.
This is wampum, and was used as
currency by the Indians, early col
onists and "traders, and the Indians
also employed it in their ceremo
nies and as a badge of authority.
Among other traditions explain
ing how wampum first came to be
used, the Iroquois have one to the
effect that once Hiawatha, on a
journey, came to a little lake, and
was wondering how to cross it
when a flock of ducks appeared and
settled on the water. When they
flew away, the water had disap
peared, and Hiawatha, looking on
the dry bed of the lake, saw that
it was covered with shells. Of
these he made the first wampum.
Despite this legend and similar
ones, however, it is believed that
the earliest wampum was made of
small pieces of wood of equal size,
stained black or white. Porcupine
quills are also said to have been
used. Later, wampum was made
from shells, sometimes of the
fresh-water varieties, but generally
of sea-shells. The best wampum
was made from the hearts of the
common hard clam of Long Island.
While shell beads were early
manufactured by the Indians along
other agencies of the church in the
United States and replaces them with
four new boards. Boards eliminated fol
low:
Foreign missions, home missions, wo
man’s board of foreign missions, wo
man’s board of home missions, publica
tion and Sabbath School work, educa
tion, ministerial relief, church erection
fund, missons for freed men, temperance
ana moral welfare, commttee on evauge
k
M
tarn
*
Bathing Caps
We now have on display our new line of
Fashionable Millinery for Mermaids
These Swim Kaps are new and distinctive and
come in beautiful colors and designs
25c to $l.OO
VALLEY DRUG CO.
Bobert Burns
‘Dependable Druggists’
605 Main St.
Phone 64
" The Rexall Store”
IMPERIAL VALLEY PRESS
the Atlantic shore, thev r*w
West of the Hudson Mu**r before
the seventeenth century WtLn the
arrival of the colonists, rhe Indues
were supplied with tools wrnr.-.
made it possible tor them to woe*
a greater variety ot shells and to
produce more finished work.
Paying Fare With Wampv~>
For ages wampum was used by
the Indians almost solely as
money. The making of wampum
belts by them seems to date bark
only as far' as the advent o! the
white men. All the belts which
have been found are of beads which
were undoubtedly made either by
the white men or with tools sup
plied by them.
For a long time after their ar
rival wampum was in use as com
mon currency among the Dutch
colonists. Its value was at one
four for a penny, and at another
time six for a penny. In Massa
chusetts, in 1648. wampum, if »'
good quality, was legal tender
the amount of forty shillings. Tw
white beads were rated at eight f -«
a penny, the black beads at ton
for a penny. The use of wampum
as money among the colonists o f
New York was continued until 17*).*
at least, as at that time, according
to an old record, "the ferriage ’o
each single person from New York
to Brooklyn was eight stivers :n
wampum, or a silver two pence.
Wampum As Ornaments
M essengers front one tribe e:
Indians to another used strings
and belts of wampum as creden
tials. In time the articles made of
wampum came to have great sym
bolical importance dependent >n
the colors and arrangement of he
beads. They were also used .is
memory aids to the keepers of the
oral traditions of the Indians.
Different designs of wampum bells
While, as a medium of exchange,
the dark beads were rated higher
than the light and white beads, for
symbolical purposes, these latter
bends, however, were auspicious
while the dark ones were inaus;*-
cious, having to do, in the nw
sages or records, with death, w*r
etc.
Wampum was also worn Jo.-
ornament by the Indians, both
men and women. It was work-' 1
into collars, necklaces, ear pend
ants, bracelets, armlets, girdles,
anklets and headdress decoration.
‘‘Wampum pipes,” long tubular
shell beads of about the length of
the common pipe-stem, and per
forated disc-shaped shells, as well
as shells ground into various
shapes including the forms of ani
mals, were also in common use a:
one time by the Indians.
lism, committee on men’s work, commit
tee on Sabbath observanie.
The work of boards eliminated will be
carried on by the following:
Board of foreign missions, national
board of missions, board of Christian
education, board of ministerial relief.
Betweea the ages of five and sir years
is the usual time for the betrothal of a
girl in Afghanistan.
MINISTERS PREPARE
SUMMER WORK
Witlr al) members present, mml -
dent 11 :i rt m.'i ii in i In' rlmir the City
Minis)t*ri:il association tnet yesterday
in the t 'lil ist inn church ninl decided to
begin union Sunday evening meetings
that art' to continue through tin* sum
mer the lust Sunday of Jijne with Rev.
Schultz in ehnrge of, the first service.
The following eomniittee wus ap
pointed to take charge of the union
services: Finance* Messrs. Hybcrg,
Mo.Govney and Kessler and Mrs. <I).
Adair; grounds, Messrs. Oresscy, Sliavv,
Collins; Stark; niysie, Miss Virginia
Johnson, Mrs. Bassett, Frank Melver
and .1. S. Carmichael; pulpit, Messrs.
■N
l:
t
I UP ~
. Ipt Oil c °"
..when th p faction at
secure anothe r r igbt then
To* T s tt’o *e
t° } there vocabulary
and a\f” fr'° nl ltS this satne
•' vor go *^ e g on its P ur ‘
AND SJJ f . n is bvuW in | Oiego—
producing market
d°aW^ S Ifot t^eis
*°SS£«*»‘ rnin6
*°Tevefl by nl o
used eve 3 Dlb
meat
the a^ g a vaiiabie. vo tits tins
_* s toch is a ; . s hare tne i de \ a y iu
I ° £ ve not eae®L\ ses to y«^ is industry
! refinery Merest ■ m d „sed,
securing y° vn '"e tbe 3 roaV
_
■ T “" M’■ to secure tonus- in
s °h)& 1 ; cost you a»*
rm <>
nore
moil-
Your Seven League Boots
The wearer of the “seven league boots” could cover miles at a step.
But he didn’t have a thing on you. j
•
A glance through your paper and you jump from New York to San
Francisco, Philadelphia to London, or from Montreal to Timbuktu.
You know what is going on the world over almost as soon as the
events occur.
* ♦
Turn to the advertising columns and you are transported to the
grocers, the clothiers, the music store; you visit the factory of a
manufacturer, or talk with the maker of a new household appliance.
Right in your own arm-chair, unhurried, unworried and without ef
fort, you can make your choice of good merchandise.
%
Merchants and manufacturers who put advertisements in this paper
are progressive. They must give good value. They know that adver
tising, by increasing the number of sales, will lower prices and give
you more for your money.
’" ;*■' -
THE ADVERTISEMENTS ARE MILES AHEAD OF “SEVEN
LEAGUE BOOTS.” READ THEM.
Howard, Larew, Finley, Sweeney,
Rev. Hartman was appointed commit
tee of one to confer with city trustees
concerning lighting the park.
Upon suggestion of the Wright law
campaign league the ministerial associ
ation elected the following officers
who will head the organization that
will work for carrying the Wright law
in the November election: ChtVirnian,
Albert Durham and with hint on the
executive committee, George Ragan,
Mrs. Wilsie, Dr. R. M. McClain, and
Mrs. Oscar Sweenev. Frecinct cflptains
were elected as follows: C. W. Lord No.
1, Ralph Reynolds No. it, Mrs. Prevoxt
No. Mrs. 11. N. Howard No. 4, .1.
S. Larew No. 5, W. L. Canning No. <>,
Oscar Sweeney No. 7, Rev. Lacy No. X.
Tuesday, May 23, 1922
EVELYN TIIAW IN
NEW YORK DIVORCP
MOW VORK, May 23.—Evelyn Nes
bit Thaw is named in a sail brought in
the superior court here as one of the
reasons why Mrs. Hvolyti Schneider
Wants a. divorce frog* her husband,
Harry, a taxi driver.
Mrs. Schneiders petition says the de
fendant for a long term has been
friendly with one Kvclyn Nesbit Thaw,
and still is friendly with her. “This
Thaw woman resides in an apartment on
Fifty-second street, west of Broadway,
opposite the corner where the defendant
parks his ear when it is idle,” it is
stated.