EDUCATION, A SOCIAL NECESSITY.
(By GUS WATTS CUNNINGHAM.)
To the thoughtful Btudenl of history,
the historical development Of the hu
man race presents a two-fold nature.
It is at once social and individual.
The progress of humanity has been a
continuous Initiation of the individual
into larger and more complex social
circles, and a parallel Intensification
of Iiis individuality. From one point
of view the individual has become
socialized; from another point of view
society has become Individualized.
And these two p. bits of view present
aspects of one and the same process.
To illustrate this, let us note briefly
the difference between primitive and
modern society, in the earlier stages
of man's history the individual was a
part only of his (dan or tribe; outside
Ol ids clan or tribe he had practically
no social relations. Jew and Gentile,
Greek and Barbarian were sharply
differentiated from each other; and
the ludvidual belonged to one or the
other of these (lasses, not to both.
Under these circumstances individual
ity was to all intents and purposes
meaningless. Being sunk in the so- i
clety of which he was a part, a society
very limited in its horizon, the individ
ual was only so in name. The clan j
or tribe was all important, the indi
vidual was nothing; the social unit
was emphasized, the Individual re
ceived only meager consideration.? i
To iiiinself as Well as to others the in
dividual had rights and no obllga- j
lions t? liims?!:'; he was simply one ;
of many, only h unit i.: the multitude
which engulfed him. Nov.- contrast
this state ?>.' >Irs with present clr*
cumstnnces, and the justification of
our nr>t assertion is evident. To-day
every individual is a. pari of a society
much more comprehensive mid com.
pi ex than were t'..e clans and tribes 1
of primitive tines. lie is. in fact, a
citizen of the world. Not so narrow
social bounds curb bis relations to
bis fellows; he has grown Into a much
larger socal universe. The clans have
oxpanded Into nations; and nations
are beginning to see that beyond their
boundaries lies a yet larger social sir
ele?the brotherhood of man. Con
comitant with this social expansion
has gone an intensification of the im
portance and inherent excellence of
the individual. To-day the Individual
Is by far more significant than he was
twenty centuries ago. His initiation
Into larger and more complex social
relations has hern accompanied by an
oxpansion of his self-hood. He him
self has grown wllll the. society that
m.k made him,
it is not difficult to see the theoret
ical necessity of this two-fold devel- ,
opmcnt. It Is sin.ply an illustration
?61 the paradox of life. There is no- j
thini? st rar. 4" about it.? that is, no
thing more strange than the life we
daily live. It is a concrete example
of the truth of the sayng that he who !
loses his life shall find it. No man
llveth unto himself. Progressive In
Illation Into larger social relations
opens to the individual greater oppor- 1
tunlties, which ever increase, for the'
actualization of his ideal self: in so
lar as one becomes more and more
social, in thought, In aspiration, in
activity, just so far does one realize
more and mere fully one's essential
and highest nature. And this same
fact may be looked at the other way ;
i ound. The development of in
dividuality is the prerequisite to true
social progress. In so far as the !
units of which society is composed !
become more individualized. Just so |
lar docs society itself become more
truly real . This is the verdict of
reason as well 8S the lesson of his
tory.
Nov.- It is to this fact, that the de
velopment Of a true individualism is
Absolutely essential to social pro
gress, that I wish to call especial at
tention just Here. Thai it is true
can, ! ti.ink. hardly he called in ques
tion, Reason teaches that it must
be true: history shows that It has
b< < a true. And what has been true
Of 111?- past We may conclude will be
true of the future; at any rate, we
have no other way of Judging the fu
ture. Upon the basis of this fact I
want to rest a word concerning the
necessity Of education and the func
tion Of educational institutions.
From this standpoint of society
education Is an absolute necessity.
This, of course, follows from what
has already been said. If It be true
that the progress of society Is de
pendent upon the intensification of
Individualism, that society Is Im
proved as the Individual Is broad
ened, then It must be true that edu
cation Ik essential to social progress.
For education, properly defined. Is
jast the development of Individuality;
it takes the Individual and tries to
make of him actually what he is po
tentially. Really, education does not
purpose to teach a man to know
KOtnething so much as It purposes
io teach him to be something. Its
u.tslness Is, not to create, but to In?
crease; not to give, but to educe,
/n a word, It expands and develops
Individuality. -*r.U since this expnn
Bion is absolutely essential to social
progress, it follows that education is
n necessity, and not a luxury.
This being true, those institutions
whose Immediate aim is education
are basic to our social fabric, They
are the safe-guards of humanity's
destiny. They have directly in
charge tin- very work which is fun
damental to social greatness. Apart
from their efforts the best and big
gest possibilities of humanity's ca
reer are cut short. They are preg
nant with the goal of human activity,
and apart from them it would seem
that the approximate realization of
this goal is well-nigh hopeless. No
educational Institutions, no educa
tion: no education, no development
of individuality: no development of
Individuality, no social progress: no
social progress. Hank nothingness.
To say that such Institutions should
he supported, is simply to say that
society should preserve itself. a
dreary stagnation of human powers,
a useless dissipation and a swift
disappearance of Intellectual capac
ities, a miserable dwarfing of Indi
viduality?such would Inevitably be
the result of public Indifference to
educational enterprises. And this
would he nothing more nor less than
the death of society itself. We of the
twentieth century cannot turn back.
We have reached a stage in our racial
development wheii education is im
perative, and when we must either
foster those institutions which edu
cation demands or elso dissipate our
Ideals in the impalpable void. A
lively interest in educational institu
tions is our sure-', and only meafiS
of self preservation.
The interest that is now being
awakened in educational problems
is certainly a very hopeful sipm It
augurs will for the future. To-day,
more than ever before, education is
i? coming a matter of general con
cern. .More money is being put into
educational institutions, better school
buildings are being erected, more
competent teachers are presenting
themselves for the work and are be
ing employed Society is beginning
to realize thai in education lies a
power for good which hitherto has
been too much neglected: it will be
better win n soc iety sees clearly that
in education lies her salvation. The
symptoms s;rc encouraging; they
promise substantial progress and
continuous improvement. .Much yet
remains to be done, to he Fare. We
are not yet living under Utopian con
ditions. The Influences of educaton
arc not as universally felt as they
should be. It behooves every intelli
gent member of society to teach hlm
Isef and others, with unrelenting zeal,
that greater advances are before us
and must be made. In this lies the
hope of the future.
It is with Special Interest and pe
culiar pleasure thai a native of Lan
rrns, away up in the heart of New
(England, notes from time to time
indications of the fact that his home
city and county are not lagging be
hind in this extremely significant
movement. It Is a privilege to par
ticipate in such a gigantic work; it
is inspiring to think that the goal
of humanity itself is involved; it is
Invigorating to realize that the ca
pacities for the stupendous undertak
ing are ours. Laurcns is nobly ris
ing to the occah.'ur. Let the good
work continue. The end Is yet in
the dizzy distance, but every Step is
its attainment.
Mlddlebury College.
Of Interest to farmers and Mechanics.
Farmers and mechanics frequently
meet with slight accidents and inju
ries which cause them much annoy
ance and loss of time. A cut or
bruise may be cured In about one
third the time usually required by
applying Chamberlain's Liniment a
SOOn as the injury is recelV? d. This
liniment Is also valuable for sprains.
\ soreness of the muscles and rheuma
tic pains. Tin re is no danger of
flood poisoning resulting from an In
Jury when Chamberlain's Liniment Is
applied before the parts Ix-come In
flamed and swollen. For sale by
Laurens Drug Co.
".lohn," said the farmer, I've given
you the best educ ation the colle ge had
in the shop."
"Yes, sir."
"Never stood back for expense."
"Never."
"You speak six languages?"
"Perfectly."
"So fur, so good. Now, listen:
Don't swear at the mule In Greek;
don't use no Latin terms to him, an'
fling no French his way. t'sc the
C.eorgy dialect that you an' the mule
wuz raised to; It's my opinion that
that mule won't stand no college fool
ishness !"?Atlanta Constitution.
Sinnar for 1.*? Years
by indigestion's pangs?trying many
doctors and $200.00 worth of medicine
in vain?-B, F. Ayscue, of Inglesldo,
N. ('.. at last used Dr. King's New
Life Pills, and writes they wholly
cured him. They cure constipation,
biliousness, sick headache, stomach,
liver, kidney and bowel troubles.
2.*>o. at Lau t ens Drug Co. and Fal
metto Drug Co.
A SUMMER SCHOOL
FOR THE TEACHERS
Institute will Open at Wofford College
on June 23rd- Expouscs Will
Be Small.
it has been announced by the au
thorities of Wofford college, Spartan
burg, that a regular teachers' summer
school will he conducted there each
year, beginning this summer. For the
present summer the BChool will last
only four weeks, beginning on Wed
nesday, June 23) and ending on Tues
day. July 20, hut it is hoped that the
term may be longer next year and in
the years to fellow. A fee of SI"
will be charged for all school priv
ileges, and board may be had for $16.
There will be no other summer school
and the Work done at Wofford will
receive the same recognition as that
at the state summer schol in the past.
Twenty-five courses will he oft?.red
in the following branches: Drawing,
English, French. German, Geography
and Physiography, History and Civics.
Latin, Geometry, Algebra, Arithmetic,
Music. Physics. Pedagogy, Physiology
and Primary Methods. The faculty
will be made up from Wofford col
lege, Converse college, the S; artan
burg city schools, and other institu
tions in the state.
From the fol!owir.}i outline vi policy
and purpose may be pained some Idea
of the school and the lines along
which it will be developed!
First. To offer in the state an op
portunity to teachers to prepare
selves for Increasingly efficient work
in oemmon schools.
Second. To aid in equip; :-iach
ers for high school work.
Third. To enable the inex ' . fenced
graduates of colleges, who to
teach, to pro!'.*, by the Instruction and
experience of practical teachers In the
Itih school bran!.t -?.
Fourth. To keep up t::J work al
ready so well begun by ':.?? former
state summer schools e:' bringing the
teachers of the state together for ex
change of opinion and experience^ for
the stimulus and enlargement of per
sonal and intellectual association, and
for the development c:' a professional
spirit and unity.
Fifth. To develop courses looking
to the degree of !.. I.. a:i.i to ?fter
courses toward the degree Of A. I!.
This will be ('.one ly lengthening the
term, ly gradually addir.g other
branches and advanced courses in
the fundamental culture and profes
sional studies, by outlining work to
be e'or.e in the interval between sum
mer schools.
Sixth. To enable our teachers to
unite with the foregoing opportunities
and advantages, the benefits of rest,
recreation, and social intercourse in
the fine summer climate of the near,
mountain country.
State ef Ohio. City of Toledo,
Lucas County.
Frank J. Cheney makes oath that
he is senior partner of the firm of
F. J. Cheney Co.. doing business in
the city of Toledo, county and state
aforesaid, and that said firm will pay
the sum of ONE HUNDRED HOL
LAHS feu- each and every case of
catarrh that cannot be cured by the
use of Hall's Catarrh Cure.
Frank J. Cheney.
Sworn to before me and subscribed
in my presence, ibis 6th day of De
cember, a. D. 1SS6.
A. w. Gleacon.
(Seal i Notary Public.
Hall's Catarrh Cure is taken inter
nally, and acts direct!y em the blood
and mucous surfaces of the system.
Send for testimonials free.
F. J. Cheney Ar Co.. Toledo, O.
Sold by all druggists, T-'.c.
Take Halbs Family Pills for con
stipation.
Sprint: ( leaning.
??Had. 1 was simply great in relay
events,'' boasted the boy from college.
"Good enough, son. We'll make
use of them talents. Your ma will
soon be ready t<> relay the carpets."?
Louisville < Courier*Journal.
NOTICE OF KLEt THI S.
State of South Carolina,
County cif Laurens.
Whereas, petitions signed by more
than one-third of the qualified elec
tors and more than one-third of the
free-holders residing in School Dis
trict No. SullIvans Township, Lau
rens County. S. (*.. asking for an ebc
tlon upon the question of levying a
four (4) mill tax upon property in
said School District to bo used for
school purposes have been filed with
the County Board of Education, an
election is hereby ordered upon said
question, said election to be held on
the Hub day of June, IflOfl at Hender
Bonville School house', under the man*
Sgement of the trustees of taid dis
trict.
Only such electors as return real
or personal property for taxation, and
who exhibit their tax receipts and
registration certificate?, as required
In general election, shall be allowed
to vote.
Those favoring the tax shall vote a
ballot containing the word "Yes' writ
ten or printed thereon; those against
the tax shall vote a ballot containing
the word "No" written or printed
thereon.
Polls shall open at the hour of 7
o'clock in the forenoon and remain
open until the hour of 4 in the after
noon When they shall be closed and
the ballot.-, counted.
The Trustees shall report the result
of said election to the County Auditor
within ten days thereafter.
OfiO. L. PITTS,
Co. Supt. Ed.
I 44-3t . ?
i He MOUNTVILLE HIGH SCHOOL
(By W. P. Culbtrtion, Principal)
In 1891 the Georgia, Carolina and
Northern branch. Of the Seaboard Air
Line railroad was completed and the
present town of Mountvllle had its
I beginning. The next year, 1892, the
] Mountvllle school was established.
The board of trustees of the Wads
I worth school fund. of which M. M.
Teague and M. Ii. Crisp were mem
hers, bought a three-acre lot Oil
which they buiit a one-room house
for the use of the school. Ti:is was
! then In Cross Hill district No. 6, al
though Hunter No. 1 contributed lib
erally both. In pupils and money to
i the support of the new school. The
first board of trustees were M. M.
Teague, M. B. Crisp, and another
whose name we failed to get.
The first session of this new school
was taught in 1.-!?:; by Mr. W. A.
Teague, who is siiii a resident of the
town and patron o: the school.
During the next four years?1 St*4
; 7?the school was in charge of
Prof. L\ T. Ewart, assisted the last
two years by Miss Blanche Hipp.
Prof. Ewart, however, gave up the
work before the close of his fourth
year and .Miss Hipp assumed the en
tire work for the remaining part of
the session.
During the year 1S97 the present
district was s-.: 6ff as MotlntvHle
special No. i?. Mr. M. B. Crisp was
a promiinent leader in having dis
trict established, and the success of
securing it is largely du? to his un
tiring and persevering efforts. Both
the county hoard of education and
state legislature were appealed to
for a special district, btit iov various
? .:: : 7 .Mr. .iL
Dahiel became EUp&r!nte;hdent or* ed
rrof. W. I?. lulbertsc D.
his board Rev. .1. P.. Parrott and Prof.
.1. I'. .Watklns. It was through this
board that the request was secured
and by (hem that the district as above
mentioned was formed. For this
p?rpose territory was. cut from four
districts, Cross Hill Nos. ."? rr.d and
Hunter Nos. 1 and 2 combining about
eighteen square miles.
The first hoard of trustees for the
new district was compose :', of five
members as follows: M. M. Teague,
.!. e\ .Miller. John W. Turner. R. Y.
Dunlap, and B. J, Dendy. it Is a
matter eif interest to note here that
that J. C. Miller lias been a member
of this board continuously from that
time to the present. Miss Bessie
Hollingsworth taught the first session.
lSf7-'io\, under the new arrangement.
Site was succeeded in 1898-'69 by
Prof, ft, L. Stokes. At that time the
school had an income of about $300
for annual expenses. In the- summer
of 1899 Mr. w. v. Culbertson became
principal of the school, which position
he still holds. During the first five
years en* his work he was assisted by
his daughter. Miss Blanche Culbert
son, who was followed in that place
by Miss s. Frnnkie Culbertson.
Miss Frankie is still one of *1 e teach
ers in this school.
BUI during these ten yea s of the
school's history much Improvement
and some changes In its finances have
been made which we must now no
tice-, rp to this time the Wadsworth
trustees still owned the school prop
erty and the Income from the general
school fund was insufficient to
the increasing demands of e\en the
incidental and running expenses. In
Kmc' a special tax of L' 1-2 mills was
voted with the understanding that the
proceeds would be applied to the pur
chase- and Improvement of the schoed
property. With this fund the board
of trustees, composed of .1. C. Miller.
.1. L. Boyd, and W. D. 1'yles, bought
the house and lot. added another
room, placed a weil, and made; sev
eral other needed impro\ements.
After this had been accomplished it
was thought best by some to vote off
the special tax. But at an election
held in Ian.", for that pnrpose? the- peo
ple refused to abolish the tax. a good
I majority voting to retain it and en
! larg" the school work. A music
teacher had already been added to
the teaching force In 19?4, and a mu
sic room added to the school build
ing. This teacher, who was Miss
Gene Crisp, was retained for three
years.
At this time, 1 f?07, came the roost
important change, perhaps, in the
history of the school. In the month
of June that year an election was
held by order of the COU'lty board
at which, by an almost unanimous
vote of the people, a high school was
established in connection with the
Mountville school, under the high
school law enacted by the legislature
in February of the same year. The
high school district established by
that election, and as still exists, is
known as Mountville high school dis,
trict No. ?'!. and embraces the territory
of four common school districts as
follows: Mountville special No. 16,
Cross Hill Nos. ."? and 0. and Hunter
No. l'. To accommodate the work of
this new condition of the school, an
other room was erected to the school
building and a third teacher added to
the teaching force in the person of
Miss Nannelu Adams of Georgia.
The high school board of trustees
elected in 1 ft'7 and still in otliee are
w. c. Mitchell, chairman; John M.
Simmons, secretary; M. B. Crisp, w.
R. Crisp, and James Holden. The
common school trustees appointed
the same year are J. C. Miller, 15. K.
Fuller, and J. H. Motes.
The next year. 190$, it became ne
cessary for the better efficiency of
the work, to employ it fourth teacher,
and this in turn required a fourth
room to be added to tiie school build
ing. The teachers for last session.
190$?'09' wore W. I'. Culbertson and
Miss Marie Stokes i:t high school de
partment, Misses Frnnkie Culbertson
and Mary Martin in the grades. These
have been re-elected for next session,
and plans are making now for better
equipment of school built'.:'.;;, and en
largement v:' finances.
As stated al ovo the Mountville
school has a g??d four-room building,
employs four teachers, and enrolls
from eighty to ninety pupils. The
Income for running expenses from the
general school fund, special levy.
Wadsworth fund, and state high
school appropriation is about fifteen
hundred dollars ($1500.00). This,
however, is hardly sufficient to meet
all expenses and Supply the school
with the necessary equipment for ef
ficient work.
The course of study in the Mount
ville school covers eleven years, or
grades, seven in the common and four
in the high school department. A
student having completed the work
required in this school is fully pre
pared to enter any of the colleges of
the state. In fact a number of pu
pils have gone to college after com
pleting the tenth grade. According
to the report of high school inspec
tor. Prof. W. H. Hand, for session of
1907-'08, this school stood second in
the county in the amount and effi
ciency of the work accomplished, or
number of units made, be ing excelled
only by the I.aureus school. Several
pupils from this school have grad
uated from the different colleges and
are now pursuing their chosen voca
tion of life*. A number of others are
now in college where they are doing
excellent work. While still many
Others have gerne direct from here
into business lite', sufficiently pre
pared for a successful and useful ca
reer.
Vc untville, s. C.
May 22nd, 1900.
Looking (ine's Best?
It's a woman's delight to look her
best, but pimples, skin eruptions,
sen es and boils rob life of joy. Lis
ten! BuCklen's Arnica Salve cures
them; makes the skin soft and vel
vety. It glorifies the face. Cures
pimples, sore eyes, cold sores, crae k
ed lips, chapped hands. Try it. In
fallible for piles. 2'ic at Laurens
Krug Co.. Palmetto Drug Co,
Diamonds
On Partial Payriients.
A small amount down and a little each
month will soon
Buy a Diamond
You will have it paid for before you
know it, and with the money you
would have thrown away.
Besides
You know the cpiality and the weight
of the Diamond you buy from us.
We sell tue best and at rea
sonably low prices.
Fleming Bros.
JEWELERS.
Anderson
&
Blakely
BROKERS
An elegant new pebble-dash dwel
ling with 9 rooms, all necessary out
buildings, watei connections, 1 or. fool
trout, including 3 acres, located on
Bast Main street; at a bargain on easy
terms. See us about this property.
One new live room cottage on Todd
avenue at a bargain.
506 acres on Walnut ("reck, out in
to five tracts as follows: No. one. !)(>
acres; No. two, 100 acres; No. throe,
7!? acres; No. four. 0 acres; No. live,
165 acres. Hounded by lands of J,
10. Goddard, M. Owings, H. Redden, J.
A. Knight and M. W. Hill. Well im
proved, well watered, and well tim
bered. Will be sold by the tract or
altogether, at a bargain. flats can
be seen at our o.'llce.
One new six room dwelling on lrby
avenue, a fine bargain.
2 acres on Conway Avenue, near .1.
\V. a. Boyd's, with .'! room cottage,
terms easy.
2(' acres known as the Hefformnn
place, bounded by lands of S. (J. Loake
and others. Terms easy.
200 town lots at all kiln's of prices,
One lot em N. Harper St.. nice build
ing lot, between Steve Taylor's and .1.
1). Sextet:.
'?7 s of land within one-fourth
mile of Watts Mills, From erne acre
lots Up. Cheap.
200 acres of land within 2'- milcr
of Laurens, on Clinton road; cut inte?
acre tracts. Bach tract has nice
cottage on i*. It s goo;! land?will
make a bale of Cotton per aero.
Terms easy.
7"> acres 1* miles of Laurens C. H.
on Milton road $2,000.
House and lot on Hampton street.
The Switzer farm, 236 acres, on easy
terms.
The James T. ISrownleo tract 82 3-4
acres, near Warrior Creek Church.
Fine livery stable on Mill street, very
low and one-half cash.
Three hundred and fifty acres, 3 miles
from town, half in fine timber, $15.00*
per acre.
The prettiest place in Fountain Inn
at a bargain-$3,(?00.
146 acres near Ware Shoals, finely
improved and in high state cultivation.
92 3-4 acres, near Tumbling Shoals,
high state cultivation, with six room,
dwelling.
132 acres between Laurens and Clin
ton at a bargain.
We have that magnificent farm
known as the Van Robertson farm, neu i
Waterloo, 244 acres at a bargain, and
very easy terms.
313 acres near Waterloo, the Amanda
Coleman place.
One six-room house and lot on Flem
ing street at a bargain.
97 acres, the Bovd farm at Bovd'fi
Mill, $1000; one-half cash.
Come and see us for any kind of real,
estate city or country,
25 II. P. Boiler and 35 II. P. Engine
and Brick outfit cheap, in good shape.
Two houses and lots near Laurens
cotton rniil store.
Anderson & Blakely
Brokers
West Main St. LAUREN8. S. C.
CHARLESTON AND WESTERN CARO
LINA RAILROAD.
Arrival and Departure of Trains, I aureus,
South Carolina.
EFFECTIVE APRIL 1, 19C9.
WES'J BOUND.
No. 1. Leave Augusta.10:10 am
No. 1. Leave Laurens. 2:32 p m
No. 1. Arrive Spartanburg.. 4:05 pm
No. B. Leave Greenwood.... 6:50 am
No. 6. Leave Laurens. 7:55 a m
No. f>. Arrive Spartanburg. . 0.30 a 111
No. 58. Leave Greenville.12:20 p m
No. 53. Arrive Laurens. 1:45 p m
No.*ss. Leave- Greenville .... 4:30 p m
No.*86. Arrive Laurens. 0:25 p 111
south BOUND.
No. 2. Leave Spartanburg .. .12:20 p m
No. 2. Leave Laurens. 2:32 p m
No. 2, Arrive Augusta. 6:15 p in
No. 6. Leave Spartanburg . . . 5:00 p m
No. 6, Leave Laurens. 6:35 p m
No. 6, Arrive Greenwood .... 7:50 p m
No.'cT. Leave Laurens. 8:10 a m
No.187. Arrive Greenville_10:20 a m
No. 52. Leave Laurens. 2:35 p m
No. 52. Arrive Greenville .... 4:00 p m
Trains *H6 and *87 daily except Sunday.
Trl-weekly through Pullman Parlor
Car service between Augusta and
Asheville <?n trains No*. 1 and Vi;
North bound, Tuesdays, Saturdays;
Southbound. Mondays, Wednesdays
and Fridays.
C. II. C1ASQUB, Agent.
Lnurens, S. C.
G. T. BRYAN, Gen. Agt.,
Greenville. S. C.
A. W. ANDERSON, On. Stint.
ERNEST WILLIAMS. G p, A...
Augusta, Ga.