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m ? n an ?S3B 3USTSB WATCHMAN, Established April, 1850* "Be Just and Fear not-Let all the Ends thon Alms't at, be thy Country's, thy God's and Truth's." THE TRUE SOUTHBON, Established Jone. I ?SS solMated Aug. 2,1881. SUMTER, S. C.. WEDNESDAY. MAY 6\ 1903. Sew Series-Vol. XXII. No. 40 .3 Pnhlis??? Ssrary TSTefiaesday, -Bf JNT. <3r. Osteen SUMTER, S. C. T8E3C8 : $1 50 per annam-io advance. 1DT1BTI81X3IT: One Square first insertion..$1 00 3Every snbseqnent insertion ;?..?.. ......... 50 Contracts for three months, or longer wilt oe made at reduced rates. Ali coacjunications which subserve private interests will be charged for as ad vertiefen ts. Obituaries and tributes of rsspects viii be charged for. WH FOB mum. Synopsis of ProseBdfegs and El? ?rsots Froi Mofabie SpeeoNs ai Bicton!. "iSHOSIMCE SEES! M MOTHIMB" Sabering of Leadens of Thought and Progress From North and: South in Virginia's Capitol. The Salient Paints Observed by Supt. S. H. EdoBEds. So much bas been written about the work and aims ofjfche Conference for Education in the South that it may be well at this time to give the story of its beginning. The conference owes its origin to Rev. Edward Abbott, D. D., of Cambridge, Mass., a brother of Dr. Lyman Abbott, the editor of The Outlook, who is one of the speak? ers at the sixth meeting of the con? ference now in session in our city. Dr. Edward Abbott spent some time at Capon Springs, W. Va., in the sum? mer of 189?, and while there told the proprietor, Captain W. H. Sale, of Winchester, Va., of the-good results of the Conference of friends of the Indian, which had been meeting an? nually for a number of years at Mo honk Lake, New York, as the guests of the proprietor of that beautiful resort, Hon. Albert IL Smiley, a member of the Board of Indian Com? missioners of the United States. Cap? tain Sale became deeply interested in the story of the good work done by the Mohonk Conferences in the simple, but thorough, discussion of the Indian problem? and the publication each year of a full report of the discussions, in? cluding a platform of principles to \be followed in the further effort to educate and elevate the Indians. He was, therefore, quite ready to consider favorably the advisability of a free conference to discuss the question of education ia the South with a view of arousing interest and making im? provements in the schools already estblished for both races in this section of our country. After further consideration. Captain Sale, in the true spirit of Virginia hospitality, authorized Dr. Abbott to call such a conference at Capon Springs in the following summer and to invite suitable persons to attend it as the guests of the Capon Springs Hotel Company. To carry out this object, Dr. Abbott associated with himself as a Provisional Committee, a number of Southern gentlemen interested in the subject of education, among them be? ing Dr. J. L. it Curry, Rt ' Rev. Thomas U. Dudley, of Kentucky; President Julius D. Dreher, of Roanoke College, and Rev. Dr. H. B. Frissell, principal of Hampton In? stitute. Although the first conference held early in the summer of 1898 and presided over by Bishop Dudley, was not large, so much int?r?ts was mani? fested and so many good papers were read and addresses made that the pro? mise of fruitful results from these dis? cussions and the printed reports of the same encouraged those present to feel that they were entering into a per? manent organization for improving the schools of the South. Of course, they .had no idea then that out of that small gathering would grow such powerful and beneficent agencies as the Southern and the General Education Boards. From the foregoing statement it will be seen that the conference originated in the desire to benefit the South, Eot by imposing any new system or ideas upon it, but simply by inducing Southern educators and other philanthropic persons from all parts of onr common country to meet once a year for the discussion of the general topic of education in the South, in the hope that there might be discovered methods looking towards the solution of some of our most prac? tical as well as diificult problems. That was the benevolent purpose of the founding of the conference, and that has been its spirit in the three meetings at Capon Springst the fourth at Winston-Salem, and the fifth at Athens, Ga., a year ago. The large attendance at the sixth conference now in session in our city is the best evidence of the increasing interest in its patriotic mission and of the grow? ing appreciation of our people in its beneficent work. THE OPENING SESSION. The Conference for Education in tne South had a brilliant opening session last night, with one element absent necessary to make the meeting the splendid success all had hoped for it. The Academy of Music was packed to its doors. Every seat in t?e spacious orchestra and dress circles was oc? cupied and numbers stood dnring the hour and a half of the exercises. It is not usual that so many condi? tions contribute to make a gathering notable. The object and inspiration of the Conference are such as appeal to all philanthropic and patriotic ] pie. Purest motives, nnselfish thro and through. Drought together f every State in the great and popu] eastern section of this country wisest and best. Present was the most distingu?s audience ever gathered in Virgi] embracing more people of natic note and more men whose brains h spread the report of their names t were ever seen in this city at one t: before. Not many of them there v> who had not visited this historic ; ancient city before, but om this casion they had come in one big brc erhood. AN ADMIRABLE SPIRIT. The spirit of the meeting was mirable. The spirit of the whole C : eren 2e, idea and fact, was f rater to a degree. Governor Montague, his welcoming address, struck the k note declaring that old unpleasantn? es were forgotten and forever buri and all were American citizens w one high end in view. The addresses of^Governor Montai and President Ogden were both in ; mirable taste and charmed their au enca Mr. Montague never sppea: greater to Virginians, who are hones and pardonably proud of him. J broadness of mind was communica to all and l?s liberal spirit tonel and delighted the visitors, wbetl from the North or the South. Mr. Ogden's response to the welco ing words of the Virginia Esecut: was as graceful and tactful as possib His sincerity in thanking the o -agni: tions of Virignia for the^invitati to the Conference to meet here aim made them feel that the body was get the benefit of this great and n able gathering and the brilliant d eussions that are to follow, rather th Virginia and the South. A MASTERLY EFFORT. Mr. Ogden's annual address as pre dent of the Conference was an effort great strength and clearness. J presented forcibly the character a raison d'eter i of the body, its missi and its record. He paid a glowi tribute ot Dr. Curry, whose long a .yice here first as a member of the Cc federate Congress and later as a pi fessor and trustee of Richmond G lege, gave Richmond the right to clai him. He gave abundant evidence the high pnrpose, he, in common wi the magnificent body over which presides with so much skill, enterrai of the education of all the peop] whether North cr South. The day's exercises closed with brilli ant and largely attended r?ceptif at Richmond College, given in hon ? of the visitors by the faculty of th [institution. Literally the first session of the six annual Conference was held at 3. o'clock yesterday aftornon ?for the pu pose of the election of officers for tl next year. By a report of the Coi mittee on Organization it was decid? not to elect these until tomorrow Three sessions will be held toda morning, afternoon and night. The session began at 8.15 o'clock m., without prayer. President Ogden said it was a litt unusual for a stranger to introdu to Richmond people the Governor < Virginia, but it was true of this and euee that it was composed of men ai women from every section of the con: try. He then bowed to His Excellent who came forward, cordially greeta with- applause. Governor Montagi made a fine address, and Virgina] present were proud of him, as th? have been many times before. After extending a welcome to ti visiting members of the conferee the Governor said : "We welcome ye more especially to the hospitality < thought, the Hospitality of comme purpose and common undertaking The members of this conference ai worthy of the confidence of the Soutl ern people. You do not come i strangers," said he, "to impose hosti or theoretical views upon our peopl< You come to see with our eyes to fei with our hearts and to help with oz hands. You are identical with us 2 being a part of the American people and you are identical with ns in th belief of the transforming power c education. You know the bnrde that rests upon the Southern people and we know that you come to tab hold of that burden where you are asi ed to take hold. You do not come t dogmatize, but to co-operate. MUST HAVE EDUCATION. "Moreover, gentlemen, you undei stand the fundamental principles c education ; you know that our govei ment is of the people, by the peopl and for the people. But such a pee pie most have capacity for government Essential to this capacity is an ed?cate? intelligence, and the whole people mus have education. Civic rulers cauno come from the select few. The mos virile form of our citizenship is foun< in the broad highways of the commoi people. Therefore, our institution necessitate education of the people, b; the people and for the people. Fre< politics, free press, free education am free religion are among the funda mentals of our system of government The cardinal factors of our civilizatioi stand against despotism, political anc acedemic. Governments cannot be fitted upon a people as a coat upon 1 man. They rest upon the consent oj the governed : but this consent mus? be given in faith and in intelligence. In other words, our institutions anc our people should be in harmony, anc to this end we must rely upon the education of the great mass of our peo? ple for the achievements which seem destined for. the people of this hemi? sphere." The Governor next dwelt upon this occasion as educative and promotive of patriotism. "Such a gathering, com? posed of such thought, of such pur? pose and of such cultivation, neces? sarily means the enlargement of our views and the quickening of the fel? lowship that should exist among the people of all the States of tin Union. Patriotism is not so much love of country as of the people of the coun? try, and the success of our scheme of government rests largely upon the con? fidence of the people of one State in the people of another State. The fel lowship of such people is immensely quickened and strengthened by the noble purpose of education, which ia the supreme task of statesmanship and the supreme need of the people." Mr. Ogden responded briefly in the same happy spirit, closing by thanking all the organizations and representa? tive bodies of the State for the cordial invitation to meet here at this time. His annaul address as president fol? lowed immediately. DELIVERED PINE ADDRESS. After referring to the migratory character of the conference, its origin and lack of close and formal organiza? tion, President Ogden said in part : "Quite likely the inorganic char? acter of the conference has inspired the expression of doubt concerning its serious purpose. Intimations have not been wanting that it is only a junket? ing affair, a sort cf fad which the imaginations of certain very good peo? ple have translated into a supposed vitality and force, a solemn fancy that affords a sober excuse for an affair primarily social, incidentally educa? tional. Suggestions of this nature originate quite beyond the circle that have personal knowledge of the facts. Certainly the social environment of the successive meetings f?as been im? portant and useful, as it has been de? lightful, yet it is completely subor? dinate and incidental. "Nevertheless, the inquiry is legi? timate; 'What is the theory of this Conference?* The reply is clear and sharply defined: 'The Conference exists for the advancement and promo? tion of the education of all the people. ' A brief anlaysis of the elements of the conference may clarify this answer. "All are'perfectly familiar with the sovereign demands-material, intel? lectual, spiritual-of educational in? terests, Executive combinatins of many sorts-land, buildings, taxation, legis? lation, systems, methods-are under requisition for the service. Its infinite details increasingly enlist the unremit? ting toil of hundreds of thousands of painstaking teachers, men and women, representing every grade of instruction from the simplest to the most abstruse. "For the moment, in the center and foreground of this vast perspective, stands this conference-a composite aggregation of men and women, in? teresting because so varied in its per? sonnel. "Some are profoundly ignorant of the technicalities of educations, quite unfamiliar by personal knowledge with even the recitation rooms or the methods of contemporary school life. Others are within the sacred fraternity of teachers, and in the group may be found representatives jof every rank in the teaching profession. Still others are charged with the official repsonsi bility of educational management on behalf of the State or corporate bodies. But all. are here with one accord in one place-officials and citizens, professions and laity-by reason of a common be? lief in the beneficent power of educa? tion and because each distinct element is essential to the spirit that must vitalize the conference. "So much for the personnel. THE INSPIRATION OF IT. " The^eolvent, the fusing power that creates the common point of contract is the belief, percieved in varying de? grees by all here present, that the great social duty of our age is the sav? ing of society, and further that the salvation of society begins with the saving of the child. Without faith in the moral progress of the world we are hopeless, indeed. This progress begins with the little child, and therefore, in a very literal sense, we are here today under the leadership of childhood. From the kindergarten j of today to the university of tomorrow is, as the years go by, a very short I step. jj "In this presence no apology is need? ed for the claims that the saving of society, the progressive betterment of humanity, is demanded by divine authority, manifested through the liv? ing parp?se clearly revealed in holy writ, Providential guidance and human consciousness. Neither should excuse be asked for insistence that a clear, definite and exacting special demand is made upon every man and woman for personal service-self-sacrificing, devoted-in all things having to do with the creation and promotion of human knowledge as a means of human happiness. "So much for the moral inspiration of the conference. "Continuing the inquiry a step fur? ther we notice that, from the founda? tion of our government until now, ringing out with true tone and clarion voice, rising resonant and distinct above the clamor of politics-above the loud barking of the dogs of war, above the harsh controversies concern? ing the nature of the national federa? tion, above the strident debates upon the ethics of domestic institutions-the note of democracy in catholic unison has ever resounded dominant and uni? versal. Democracy is national intui? tion, the fundamental political doc? trine of every American worthy of the name, the sacred trust confided to our care and keeping to be preserved for the healing of the nations through a complete, demonstration of its truth upon American soil. Thus, in a very special way, our political institutions unfold an inspired mission that deep? ly concerns the morai progress of the world. Thus the State should become the universal missionary of a political gospel both at home and abroad. "But a true democracy can only exist through the fidelity of its citizens. Individualism-cynical, selfish, cold and indifferent-cries out, "Am I my brother's keeper?' 'Who is my neigh? bor?' A true demoracy quickly echoes back, 'Thy brother is he that hath need of thee,' 'Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself. ' "There is a divinity in democracy ; in society as in the individual there is personal and organic spiritual life. Witness the restless longing for social service that marks the serious side of present-day life in America. "So much for the patriotic inspira? tion of the conference. THE RESULT. "And thus it has come about that this varied collection of men and wo men, moved by ethical and patriotic incentives, have come from remote localities that they may be mutually instructed and inspired in a confer? ence based upon the common belief that the general education of all the people is essential to the salvation of society: that without general educa? tion, progress in the arts, in the diffusion of happiness, in the things that make for good, character, family peace, clean living, human brother? hood, civic righteousness, and national justice is impossible. In the atmo? sphere of a common human sympathy the Conference for Education in the South lives and moves and has its being. "The concrete reply concerning the theory of the conference is short and simple, lt is a diminutive spiritual democracy-a sympathetic association of those who believe in the civic and constructive value of the policy of universal education. It exists for the cultivaion of the higher inspiration that underlies all social development It firmly believes that successful practical effort is the product of sound ethics. Many here present will attest the accuracy of this statement from personal knowledge acqinred at former meetings." RELATION TO BOARDS. Speaking of the relation of the con? ference to the Southern and General Education Boards, the speaker said : "It is fundamentally impossible to hold tlie Southern Education Board and the General Education Board offi? cially responsible for this conference. In a full and complete sense they are only accountable to the donors of the money by which they are supported. In a very broad and positive sense they are responsible for their action to in? telligent- public opinion. In senti? mental and sympathetic sense they are so interesting to this conference that this discussion demands reference to them, and the programme would be incomplete without some account of their doings. And yet it should be posi? tively understood and insisted upon nntil the interested public comes to fully understand that the conference and tue boards are absolutely and en? tirely distinct. "The Southern Education Board carries on a crusade for education. Its organization is comprehensive and actively covers the larger part of the country from the Potomac to the Rio Grande, from the Ohio to the Gulf. Its large expenses are privately de? frayed. The General Education Board administers such funds as may come to it for the assistance of education. In this connection they cannot be con? sidered separately-their work is a unit ; they are the halves of a complete sphere ; they are interdependent, sub? jectively and objectively. Seven men are members in both boards. The pro? gramme indicates the part that re? ports of their work will occupy in the exercises." GROUND OF FELLOWSHIP. After referring to Northern men in the conference, he said : "Two common grounds of meeting for all humanity are found in the fel? lowship of sin and the fellowship of service. Fellow sinners, we are all by our common human nature ; fellow ser? vants of human need, we may all be and ought to be through human sym? pathy. This great audience is here be? cause of sympathy with the object of this conference. There is no indiffer? ence here. It indicates that the cry of the child is falling upon sympathetic ears: that the fundamental right of every American-born boy and girl to a good English education appeals to the sympathetic heart ; that illiteracy, the great undone margin of national educa? tion, claims the sympathetic thought of the patriot ; that the public con? science is being reached by the demand that an heredity of intelligence and civic righteousness should be created as the birthright, the patent of nobility, of every American. "We are a proud people. The vast resources," growth of wealth, increase of population, achievements of enter? prise, tremendous material strides for? ward witnessed by recent years, appeal to the imagination with overwhelming force, and we are dazzled by the bril? liance of the pageant as we are con? fused by its incomprehensible magni? tude. I freely admit the blessings of commercialism and recognize, with a good healthful spirit, that trade is the vanguard of civilization and the ally of education. "Weare, indeed a proud people. We boast of our civilization. We are vain j of our national achievements in science, literature, the fine arts, education, philanthrophy and social progress. There is an aristocracy of intellect and culture, as of money, and in it all self is the object of high? est worship. "We should bea humble people. Are the wily arts of the demagogue, North and South, who finds in prejudice, produced by ignorance, the opportun? ity to serve himself through the tri? umph of that which is false, subject of pride? Is the prevalence of pro? vincialism, urban or metropolitan (the latter the greater), whicli narrows the view to things local and selfish, a sub? ject of pride? Is the heredity of ignor? ance, that transmits its baleful and growing blight from generation to generation, a subject of pride? ls the failure of law, North or South, to punish crime and the freedom of the criminal to prey upon society a subject of pride? Is the arrogance and indiffer? ence of wealth to human need a sub? ject of pride? "When we look fairly at the under side of things, with a good, honest purpose to know the truth, does not all our pride melt away, and does it not seem that instead of boasting of our exalted civilizaation, we should confess with humiliation that we are just emerging from barbarism? '"I am no pessimist. This is not a pessimistic assembly, but it does ap- j pear as the duty of the moment that we should squarely look at our worst conditions. Only thus can we com? prehend the personal call to service." TRIBUTE TO DR. CURRY In connection with this appeal for Continued on page 2. 675 Intelligible English Words made from the single Word "SREYH0108." 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