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TO THE HONORABLE CALVIN COOLIDGE To the Honorable Calvin Coolidge, And his good wife if you please, Who are now in the land of the “Golden West.” Enjoying the ocean breeze, For that is the land of beauty, Powerful, grand, sedate, The home of the sun kissed or ange, Well know nas the “Golden State.” And we here of Arizona, Our sovereign state supreme, The baby state of our country, * —* . ■— = "3 1 Office I ISk I CASA J I ftuyimc I GRANDE SCLLIMC I Business World THE OLD RELIABLE V Geo. W. Burgess IN PERSON Knows every foot of Casa Grande * soil. Has sold thousands of acres of it to satisfied customers. WRITE-TELEPHONE-CABLE i| Or Wireless for a selection while the time is good. , j -T.'."-! - V‘—~"V tSBBHHMnHHiHHinHI j Sanitary Barber Shop FOUNDED IN 1928 PIONEER SHOP We make a point of better service. INDIVIDUAL TOWELS We are boosters of everything for the advantage of Coolidge and vicinity. S. C. BURT, Prop. CONSIDER SAN CARLOS HOTEL YOUR HOTEL WE RESPECTFULLY INVITE THE TRAVEL- j . ING PUBLIC TO MAKE THE SAN CARLOS THEIR HOME WHILE HERE ON BUSINESS OR PLEASURE. COOLIDGE, - - ARIZONA Stockton’s LISTERS LISTER PLANTERS ONE- and TWO-ROW COTTON CULTIVATORS LAWSON PUMPS PUMP JACKS ENGINES CONCRETE MIXERS Stockton’s PHONE 160R2-COOLIDGE And brightly our records gleam, We are proud of our hills and val leys. Our mountains and cactus plains. We are proud of our upright people, Who strive to our rights main tain. We are proud of our “Colorado,” Winding its way to the sea, And our marvelous canyon that name it, Proud work of the Deity . We are proud of our mines of cop per. Silver and lead and gold. The whole wide world enriching, Like the “Midas” mines of old. We are proud of our fertile valleys, And proud of the homes they bring, We are proud of our ‘dams” and rivers, While the world their praises sing, We are proud of the great “dam” Roosevelt, We are proud of its inland sea, For its waters come in as the Wh a softly the shadows are fall snows melt. In the land of the great pine tree. I am proud I was there with “Teddy,” In March of nineteen eleven, When he came for the dedication. Os the greatest “dam” ’neath heaven. And now to you both we’re appeal ing, Another great work has been done, Pie; st come and dedicate Coolidge, Ine finest “dam” ’neath the sun. ing, As over the waters you scan, There before in lines that are class ic. Is itae noblest work of man. - DAN R. WILLIAMSON No. 4807 SUMMONS In the Superior Court of Pinal County, State of Arizona. Marjorie A. Brew, Plaintiff VB. D. C. Bear, Charles Edwin Kenner, and if deceased, his Unknown Heirs, John Doe, and if deceased, his Unknown Heirs, and Jane Doe, and if deceased, her Unknown Heirs, Defendants. The State of Arizona to D. C. Bear, Charles Edwin Kenner, and if de ceased, his Unknown Heirs, John Doe, and if deceased his Unknown Heirs, Jane Doe. and if deceased, her Unknown Heirs, Defendants, Greeting: You are hereby summoned and required to appear in an action brought against you by the above named plaintiff in the Superior Court of Pinal County, State of Arizona, and answer the Complaint therein filed with the Clerk of said Court, at Florence, in said County, within twenty days after service upon you of this Summons, if serv ed in this said County, or in all other cases within thirty days thereafter, the times above men tioned being exclusive of the day of service, or judgment by default will be taken against you. Given under my hand and seal of the Superior Court of Pinal Coun ty, State of Arizona, this Bth day of March 1930. (SEAL) J. D. BENNETT • Clerk of said Superior Court H. G. Richarlson, Esq., Attorney for Plaintiff, Florence Arizona. March 14— 21—28—April 4—ll A SPECIALTY OF FAMILY STYLE DINNERS MRS. GEO. A. NOWLIN’S DINING ROOM Located on Casa Grande—Flor ence Highway, West Coolidge. *************** : R. n. reed; * * PLUMBING * * # Estimates cheerfully submitted* * COOLIDGE, - - ARIZONA* * *************** F.L. POTTS MACHINE SHOP Call 160J3 When you have MACHINE REPAIR WORK COOLIDGE, ARIZ. THE COOLIDGE EXAMINER BY IRWIN HAYDEN One of the most fascinating of the pure sciences is that which comprises the study of ancient man. Most folks will stoop to pick up arrow-points, whether they call them “lighten’ stones, arrer spikes or arrow heads.” Most of us will wander through some well ar ranged museum, where good speci mens of the handiwork of prehis toric men and women are interest ingly arranged and well labeled and few of us ever realize that the things we see in the showcases are there because of the generosity of certain people. Certainly we do not all appreciate the fact that all of the ancient things were obtained by hard and tedious labor, in hot and dusty deserts, from dark an< smelly caves, or from damp and often boggy soils in the humid re gions. Charles Van Bergen, M. D., of New York, has organized the Van Bergen-Los Angeles Museum Field Expedition, for the purpose of searching the archives of desert and cave, pueblo and shell-mound, for information regrading prehis toric man in America. Because archeology is a purely intellectual persuit. Dr. Van Bergen can only hope for an intellectual reward; a reward which he will share with the public, both layman and scien tist. Explores Casa Grande Ruins The third day of January, 1930, Dr. Van Bergen’s party, with the writer in charge, began the explo ration of a refuse heap and a com pound on the Casa Grande Nation al Monument in the lower Gila val ley, Arizona. The work is being done under a permit from the sec retary of the interior and we are under the direct supervision of Su perintendent of National Monu ments Frank Pinkley. Our search Is for information. We are not digging primarily for specimens only. Therefore we are obliged to observe carefully as we go for evidences of walls, floors, burials and all of the items which tell us somewhat of the life of the people who built the houses whose ruins we are exploring. This is the firsi of a series of short articles telling of our digging and our finds. I offer them hum bly, not as scientific papers but as running comments on the progress of an intriguing work. The work is done for the public good and the next best thing to actual field-work is fireside archeology. Many thousands of people have visited the Casa Grande Ruin which is about midway between Phoenix and Tucson. The Ruin is one of the most spectacular in the Americas. No one surely knows who built the great four-story “big house”, whose walls still loom, a land-mark in the desert. No one even ventures a guess with any confidence. When the white man first saw the ruin it was in a state of decay. Padre Eu sebio Francisco Kino, missionary to the Indians of Sonora, in Old Mex ico, gave us our first written rec ord of the Casa Grande. He saw it in 1694. It was then abandoned and old. Built by Hohokam The Pima Indians nave lived in the vicinity of the ruin since before the knowledge of white men. They disclaim any knowledge of the builders of the ruin and the small er ruins near by. The Pimas shrug ged their shoulders and said that the Hokoham were responsible; but that word signifies the “van ished people”. Frank Pinkley told me that the first work on the ruin, from the standpoint of archeology, was done in 1891, when the walls of the Casa Grande were repaired somewhat. A roof has been erected over the standing walls, to shed the rains which are so damaging to adoba P. W. HAMILTON Coolidge, - Aflzusia EXCAVATING CASA GRANDE RUINS ! and caliche structures. In the early part of this century J. Walter Fewkes carried on rather I extensive digging for specimens j and considerable information was gained. In 1925 H. S. Gladwin, for the Southwest museum, did some excavating and by dint of much counting of potsherds established a | pottery sequence which is of great value to students of the culture. But what is a pottery sequence and what is culture? Whoever reads much about : archeology today, especially about the prehistory of the Southwest, I will find constant reference to both terms. There was little mention of | them, in just their present mean- I ing, 25 years ago. Inasmuch as cultures in the Southwest are for the most part identified chiefly by pottery, it seems that culture should be de fined before pottery sequence. Experience has taught me that an unabridged dictionary is none too bulky to be carried into the field. The trowel, the brush, the j shovel, are indispensable tools for the archeologist; words are no less S indispensable. My Webster tells me that culture, in the archelogical I sense, is “a particular state or | stage of advancement in civiliza | tion; the characteristic attain ! ments of a people or social order, as Greek culture, primitive cult i ure.” Culture of “Hohokam” Using the Pima name for the builders of the Cnsa Grande and its attendant ruins, llohokam, we are studying the culture of the Ho | hokam, the “vanished people.” Is it a primitive culture? Yes, but not not in the sense of a savage cul j ture. The Hohokam were growers of maize and doubtless of squash and beans and cotton. None of the peo ple of Middle and North America were pastoral. They were either | nomads or agricultural peoples; | some of the tribes depending equal ly on hunting and farming. The Ho hokam were sedentary people, who i diverted living water from the Gila j river and with it irrigated their crops. They were semi-civilized. But what of the pottery se quence? Some observant digger in prehis j tone ruins found that a refuse heap was made up of layers or strata, each containing pottery; that the deepest layers contained a sort of pottery which differed from that in the middle and topmost layers. By dint, of much counting and sorting it was demonstrated that there had been several changes in pottery styles in the years during which the refuse heap w r as accumulating. Here at the Casa Grande siteo the deepest and oldest layers might contain a buff colored pot tery painted with a geometrical de , sign in red. This red-on-buff ware was succeeded by pottery which was white or gray, decorated with black designs; and the black-on , white ware was succeeded by one painted with black, red, buff and . white. This many-colored pottery is called polycrome ware. I Thus there was a succession of styles; or a “pottery sequence”, which is archeologese for the same , thing. There are evidences of sev . eral successive changes in styles of r pottery decoration at our site; pos . sibly this indicates changes in . tribes as well. I cannot say as to . this, but I grin every time I read ■ of the “red-on-buff”, the “black-on white”, the “polychrome people”. . Certainly these Hohokam or van ished ones were just good old-sash , ioned copper-hued Indians and it . was only their pottery which varied . color. The Van Bergen-Los Angeles . Museum field party is digging at j the Casa Grande site in Arizona i not to find any sensational objects, s not to secure a collection of speci- mens but to find, if possible, infor mation about the people who seem lo have been the earliest Indians to occupy the place. Beneath the walls and floors of some of the compounds which are marked by a preponderance of red on-buff pottery there has been found a very primitive type of hu man abode, the pit-dwelling. It would be more precise to say that the below-ground parts of the pit dwellings have been found, for the sidings and roofings of these hous es have disappeared. Probably the superstructure was as poles and brush, much like the houses of the Pimas. I think the typical house of the Pimas is made of poles and brush, although I have not seen one as yet. The below-ground portions of the pit-dwellings consisted of cir cular pits of varying diameter. Not having seen any myself. I cannot say just how large the pits of our site were; but in the Moapa valley of Nevada we saw some which were nearly 40 feet in diameter; and some were over five feet deep. Search For Pit Dwellings We are looking- for these pit dwellings beneath the walls of a compound which we have found in which the. red-on-buff ware is found in the deepest levels. Nearby is a refuse heap, where the good folks dumpd their garbage and village litter. This is about 100-ft. in diam eter and several feet high. Our trenches run north and south and east and west. Kellerman is working in the west trench in the refuse heap. Among his finds so far are a turquoise pen dant and a shell pendant; but the most intriguing thing he has found is a mass of caliche at a depth of seven feet or thereabouts. Adobe is a familiar word in the Southwest. Caliche is a term which is perfectly understood here in this part of Arizona; but the material is interesting as the name is strange, to a Californian. Good old Noah Webster, who accompanied me on this trip, tells me that ca liche is an American Spanish word, from the Spanish word caliche, meaning “a pebble in a brick, a flake of lime”. From the viewpoir. of minerology, caliche is any of various mineral deposits. Specific ally it is a native Chile saltpeter, containing from 50 to 75 per cent of sodum nitrate, but caliche is al so used specifically to designate a calcareous or limy deposit some times gold-bearing, occurring in Arizona. „ Find Hummock of Caliche Adobe is useful for making bricks for the building of houses. It was used by the Indians, in pre historic times; but not in the form of bricks. Here in the central Gila valley country, and in other parts of Arizona where it occurs, the In dians, the Hohokam, who built the great houses and the lesser ones, used caliche much as adobe was used; but caliche when properly handled hardens into a cement-like wall. Kellerman found it in his trench. First we thought he had found a portion of a wall; then perhaps a floor or a pit lined with caliche but now we are inclined to believe that he has run upon a hummock of caliche into which old Mr. Badg er or some other rodent (but Mr. Badger most likely) has burrowed a bit. It seems quite certain that the charcoal and the pottery which led Kellerman to the caliche was ! part of the earth which filled the ! badger’s home. Jan. 9 was a big day with the Van Bergen-Los Angeles Museum field party. Julian found a monkey faced figurine, or at least the head of one. Maybe it was intended to represent a dog’s head but it looks for all the world like the head of a certain dog-faced monkey. Then I found a pit-dwelling, superposed on the compound and while f am not familiar enough with the usual run of affairs at this site, Supt. Pinkley insists that this dwel ing is where a pit-dwelling ought not to be. It has a dandy floor of hard, smooth caliche. Its sides, which are about a foot deep, are made of caliche, plastered against the earth which filled the interior of the compound after it was aban doned. We have not fully excavated the pit as yet. The decorated pot tery found in it is black-on-white, except for one small piece of red on-buff. The design on one of the large pieces of black-on-white, a Piece of the rim of a bowl, runs clear to the rim and this is said to be interesting. These two items made the day .ntpresting enough but when a 200 Pound ’ady visitor stood on the edge of oae of our trenches and the edge caved in, there was more excitement. She was not hurt and the cave-in did no damage. This trench career in the day caved in on Julian, much to his disgust. The soil here ;c tunnelled and retun nelled by badgers and the heavy load of back dirt thrown up on the side.of the trench over a maze of tunnels brought down a portion of the side wall. We do not see Mr. Badger or any members of his family. We find fresh earth thrown up by him, but he keeps out of sight. I am sorry because I have never seen one of the creatures. Pit Dwellings Differ Speaking of pit-dwellings, I had supposed that they were circular. They are in the Moapa valley of Nevada. Here at Casa Grande Ruins they are rectangular, with rounded corners. We were asked today: “How did you know where to dig to find these walls?” Refuse heaps are easily identi fied because they form mounds and badgers in the. course of their borrowings bring up potsherds. The surface of the refuse heaps are quite plentifully covered with piec es of broken pottery. Sometimes other objects are brought up by badgers. When they burrow into graves they often bring up beads and other ornaments. Some very worth while finds have been due to this activity of the badger. Change Conclusions Often-times the compound or house to which the refuse heap be longed is southwest of the heap. So a few years ago when members of the park service were scouting around they observed the refuse heap which we are trenching and tested the soil to the southwest. They found what they took to be the northwest corner of the coi pound, we decided that they ha really found the northwest corner of a pit-dwelling which had been superposed on the compound after its abandonment. If this is true, we have two pit-dwellings, both super posed, whereas we expected, or rather hoped, to find pit-dwellings under the compound. We are much interested. The readers of these notes should not be surprised to see sudden changes in conclusions. The writer is working in a field new to him and in one which is but little under stood by anyone. As Mr. Pinkley says, with every shovelful some thing entirely new is apt tn turn to upset past notions. —Arizona Republican. o Residents at the Coolidge dam get a big kick out of watching the water level rise as the floods come down from various points on the extensive watershed backing the great structure. TELEPHONE 157R11 when you want fine job printing. No job too large or small.