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Albania's Progress - - Where Old Tires Replace Leather for Shoemaking, In Tirana. Prer>ared by National GeoKraphic Society. Washington. D. C.—WNU Service. ALBANIA, which recently cele brated the twentieth anni versary of its freedom, is Eu rope's newest kingdom. During the first Balkan war, on November 28, 1912, Albania notified the world that It no longer was a Turkish province. The Turkish slug was furled after waving over the Al banians for 400 years. Since its in dependence Albania lias been, suc cessively. a protectorate, a repub lic and a kingdom. The king was crowned in 1928. Not long ago Albania's 17,374 square miles were without modern highways and railroads. Even Ti rana. the capital, could be reached only by traversing almost impassa ble roads. Then came the war. Ruinous war creates, at least roads. When in 1918 the big guns' thunder died away Albania, which had been at once a battlefield and a military corridor, found that she had accumulated the nucleus of a well-engineered road system and a knowledge of motor transport. Thus, instead of having slowly evolved through the steam age and Into the gasoline era, like the rest of Europe, in a little more than a decade she leaped from medieval ism to modernism, from horses to horse power. Today the Albanian government spends $200,000 annually in aug menting those war-born highways. The Albanian lowlander is being stirred to road-consciousness by a law which makes him personally responsible, either in labor or money, for the upkeep of 20 feet. Profound social changes confront him—him and the traveler. “I reined in my horse” is byway of being Junked in favor of “I shut oft the motor.** Picture of Transition. Korea, which falls with Scutari, Tirana, and GJinokastra (Argyo <'astro) into the first-line category of native towns numbering from 12.000 t<» 32.000 people, presents an interesting picture of Alhaniu in transition. Modern buildings rise over ancient, cobbled alleys, and fortresslike property walls which guard occasionally glimpsed flower gardens, charming family retreats, somewhat in the Eastern style. The Moslem quarter Is orientally decorous with black-veiled women. The Christian quarter is decorative with Europe's knee-high skirts, flesh-tint stockings, and bobbed heads. Here is progressiveness in the form of an athletic Instructor, the local representative of a country wide system. And here Is hide bound conservatism in the form of Albanian mammas who regard any sport played in running shorts and followed by a cold shower as a sure road to early death. Then there is the story of the draining of Igike Maliqi. A nascent and ambitious government, wishing to reclaim thousands of acres of eultivatnble land, sold the conces sion to a company. Its foreign en gineers cut sluices, and the first dredging machine ever seen in Al bania was set up. Now. some generations before, the lake had been created by tor rents which had rushed down the hills, submerging several Tosk vil lages. One of these days, so said local Tosk tradition. Lake Maliqi would recede, yielding hack to grandsons the sublacustrine acres of their grandsires. Miraculously, as it were. Lake Maliqi receded, revealing to the as- , tonished Tosk peasants' gaze their long-lost chimney pots and ances tral lands. With cries of thanks giving. they rushed upon the scene and started agriculture. It is superfluous to depict their confusion upon learning that prog ress and not Providence had worked the miracle; that the lake bottom now belonged to a company —whatever that might be—and that they were actually trespassing on their own ancestral acres. Market Day in Korea. Korea becomes transfigured every . r ark»t day. Thither troop several thousand peasants, each attired in the colorful costume of his native village. They have ridden or walked for a day over the mountains, hop ing to sell a few measures of grain, a sheep, a horse, at the busy mart. The horse market, Albania's larg est, Is closely packed with stamp Ing beasts and gesticulating men. Every trick or test known to a county-fair horse deal Is to be wit- 1 nessed here. Among advanced civilizations an automobile thief may possibly get n Jail sentence. In more primitive | Albania, where social conditions often recall those of the pioneer West, horse stealing means sudden death. And so deals in Albanian horse markets are concluded under the eye of a civic official, who Is- i sues to the purchaser a certificate which attests to his bona fide‘‘buy.*’ Albania's mountain complex de- j fles adequate description. To say that the Dalmatian Alpine system j prolongs itself Into southward- I stretching ranges that form three of Albania's boundaries, and that this small kingdom, not as large as New Hampshire and Vermont to gether, contains numerous moun tain chains, is to Indicate the veriest elements of her topography, j Albania once was Shkuperia, the Land of the Men of the Eagle. If , some ancient Greek or Roman tour ist had exclaimed, "So this Is A1 1 bania!” Shkupetars wouldn’t have j known what country he was talking I about Approximately nine cen- j turies ago some foreigner, possibly i finding “Shkuperia” an awkward mouthful, expanded “alp” or "alb" into “Albania,” as a name descrip tive of the country’s white or snowy uplands. Eagle and Arrows. The Shkupetars' name for them selves goes back to the misty emer gence of Balkan mountain tribes. As shkep is the native word for "rock,” the name may possibly im ply “rock-dwellers," or "highland ers." But Alhunian tradition, based on Plutarch, offers n livelier deriva tion. The Greek biographer relates tl*et when the Epirote king. Pyrrhus, was likened by his troops to an eagle, the monnrch gracefully re joined that they were ills arrows which he used while soaring. Thus ancient is the conception of the Eagle and Arrows, a device which, thousands of years later, was to appear on the consular arms of the United States. At any rate, the Epirotes seized on King Pyrrhus' compliment and proudly dubbed themselves the Shkupetars, ! or Sons of the Eagle. Modern Albanians will tell you that they represent the most an cient race in southeastern Europe. Indeed, their language and tribal customs suggest remote origins. They are probably the descendants of the ancient Illyrians, who in turn derived from the Pelasgic root race, of which we catch echoes in Greek literature. Albanian inns have not prog ressed much beyond, sav. those of the Deadwood coach era. Often j you avoid the inn and Just sleep where you can. Tirana Going Modern. Tirana, the capital, reveals a pic ture of Albania westernizing her self. Broad, electric-iit streets neighbor fascinatingly hodgepodge bazaar alleys. A line of brand-new taxis, n row of pack mules, and a string of modern motor lorries throng the same square. Baggy panta loaned Mohammedan chauf feurs have discarded their olden wand of office, the donkey-prodding stick, to wrestle instead with the tire pump. Far over the heads of an unheeding crowd, who are im bibing European drinks and dis cussing trade, the lone muezzin calls to prayer; hut it is as the voice of one crying in the wilder ness. Not yet has this small-scale kingdom achieved a favorable trade I valance. Its exports—dairy prud j nets, grain, hides, wool, asphalt, charcoal —total annually about $2.- ."00.000. nn the other hand, its im port values in sugar, cotton and woolen fabrics, mineral oils, and machinery approximate double that amount. How offset the difference? The mountains are believed to be reh in minerals —gold. iron. coal, copper, and others —hut the country tins never been geologically sur veyed. Oil talk and the actual pro- j duction of oil in paying quantities and of requisite quality are in tu- j verse ratio to each other. The Fable of the >! Feeble Squawk* p £3 By GEORGE ADE (!£). licit Syndicate)—WNU Service. ONCE there was a Parent who was so heated under the Neck-Band that lie laid back ids Ears and lifted ids Bristles and vowed tliut he wouldn't stand for any more Rough Comedy. He had | been the Angora long enough. Papa was fed up. Old Reliable was ready to put on ids War Paint and Feath ers and lift a few Sculps. Os course you have guessed the I Plot. It deals with the Younger Gen eration. Once it was known as the Rising Generation, hut that was be ! fore it Rose to such an Eminence of Cussedness that it hit all the High-Spots and could not be expect ed to establish any more Altitude Records without completely blow ing the Lid off. All of us know that any old-fash ioned Dad who hops Into the Arena and enguges In a Rattle with a handsome and well groomed Hound about 10 years old or a night-bloom ing Deb is licked before the Gong j sounds. The Old Folks have not a single Decision in the Western Hemisphere during the last Five Years. Every time a Verbal Cham pion goes against a bewildered Has- Been. the result Is a Foregone Con clusion. Notwithstanding which, Mr. Griv ets, still nursing the Delusion that ! there was such a Thing left in the I world as Parental Authority, got Wallie and Edna on the Carpet and | proceeded to lay down the Law. Barking Words That Don’t Bite. He tried to win his Argument by making a lot of Noise. Tills is Faded j Material. The more he vociferated i the more helpless he felt, in the | Presence of the titled Noses and j the scornful Eye-Brow. He started out as Caesar and finished up as a mere Splutter. He pulled a lot of new Regula tions on the Offspring. For in stance: No More Late Hours. No More Using the Car Without Permission. No more Charge Accounts. Severance of Diplomatic Rela tions with nil of the Calcimined i Cuties and desperate Hip-Toters who frequent Honfing-Kmjwiriums. No more Attacks on tlie Ice Box at 4 A. M. No more Inviting up to the House those Jovial Acquaintances who look ns if they were wanted by the ! Police. No more Breakfasts served at 1 P. M. No more setting fire to the Bed Clothes with Cigarettes. In brief, the Program which Mr. Grivets outlined with scathing Dic- I tlon contemplated a Return to San ity. Sobriety and Simple Living, with an incidental Endorsement of the Coolidge Doctrine of Economy. After he had just about talked himself hoarse without getting any Results except a few pained Looks. Edna took a long Pull at her Cork Tip. and said: “Well. Pop. you are barking very well this Morning, hut you haven’t spilled anything except | a Lot of Words. You must have been brought up hack of a Barn or Some Place like that. I never saw such a Doodle Heck. The Jaws i keep moving and it sounds like 1 somebody saying Something, hut j the Whole Tiling is just Gooseberry I Marmalade. As an Orator you are a total Bust Just a Wihhle. that’s all. I advise you to wash up and get off the Lot.” Hot Zizzer Obtains New Coat. “And If this Pickle Juice you are serving is meant for your perfectly wonderful Son. you can deliver my Share of it to some Poor Family." spoke up Walter. “What a Fihgrot tle you turned out to he! Stand ing there. # right on top of a Rug. and trying to tell me how to loosen ' a Parachute and make a Jump, j Roy. I've got Medals and Speed | Records that you never read about. You’re just a Man that lives up at our House. You’re what we have to explain to our Friends. You are Just the Scale on our Family Tree. We have a right to he annoyed by you, hut we're not because you are the unfortunate Victim of Flannel Pajamas and too much Cereal Food. You have the P.oohitis, which means that there is no Circulation above the Adam’s Apple.” “For the first time in the History of the World, the Grivets Family is making the First Page." suggested Edna. “Wallie and I are putting it over, in spite of you and the other Handicaps. We are crashing into Swell Dumps where You and Ma couldn't break in with a Jimmy. We are a couple of hot little Zizzers and you ought to lie rooting for us in stead of trying to check in be f ore Midnight. Why. the Rambinos we I travel with don't get their Eyes wide open until about 11 P. M." “What’s more,” chimed in Wallie. “this loud yelp about using that broken-down Taxi is just a Giggle. If you wasn’t such an Oof, you wouldn’t expect two Headliners to travel around in an old 1931 Model. Why don’t you come out of your, Doze and buy each one of us a Rarer —something Snappy with real Lines to it?” ! i “You want something that goes with a Raccoon Coat,” suggested Fn | thor, trying to be Sarcastic. THE COOLIDGE “The Raccoon Coat Is about six weeks out of Date." replied Son, 1 with a weary shake of the Head, suggesting that Dad was an incur able Yap. “I have just ordered one made of Manchurian Spotted Fox. It will make ail the other Laddies burst into Tears and I am getting it for Four Hundred Bucks.” “Europe will have all of the War Debts paid before you earn that much Money,” said Mr. Griv- : ets. "You talk about Four Hundred Dollars as if it were Something to be picked off a Bush. If you don’t i mind. I should like to have you two Birds of Paradise remember that I do not get my Money at a Pump. I am just an old Frazzle, brought up under the Prehistoric Conditions of the Mid-Victorian Era, but if I didn't get out and rustle a new Bank Account every week, you would starve to Death before Spring. Having attended all of the Movies, read all of the Books, and seen all of the Plays, you are now making a Frantic Attempt to make all of the other Sheiks and Shebas look like Second-Raters from Poke ville. The only reason lam so in terested In your Criminal Ambitions is that lam supposed to finance all your delightful little Expeditions into the Underworld. Sometimes I wonder what the Finish will be. Probably your Mother and I won’t live to see it.” Fooling the Slickers. "Oh, many Pishes and a couple of Tushes!” exclaimed Edna. “Any poor Gillie who expects his Daugh ter to braid her Hair down the Rack and play the Cottage Organ ! in these hoopla Days, doesn’t de serve to have one. What would you Rheumatic Relics do these j Days if you didn’t have the Young People to talk nbout? And did you ever stop to think that if we stayed home Evenings and played Authors, j Crokinole, Jack Straws, and Tid- ; dledy-Winks, all the Saxophone Players would be out of Work, and there would be a lot of Suffering? “We are the busy little Life- Savers of this transitional Period. If it wasn’t for us, the Earth would have a Crust on it. A lot of you doddering Dummies who are stick ing around after your licenses have expired ought to be tickled to Death to pay the Expenses. We are giv- j Ing you real Entertainment, but j the Trouble is you are not keyed up to it. It is too bad that we find in onr Cities so many small-town Ituhes who get in by mistake. We'd love to take you and Ma with us if you could keep up and main- | tain the Pace and exhibit some Class, hut it's no use trying to show you any Touches of High Life, be cause neither one of you Is galted to he a Stepper." “The Situation is clearing up somewhat," said Mr. Grivets. "I can begin to see that your Mother and I are wholly to blame. Either that, or we should have sent both of you to the Reform School about Ten Y'ears ago.” "You old Wlckles and Dlladads make me plumb tired," said Wallie. "Whenever several of our typical Parents get together these Days, they sit in a Back Room licking up Scotch guaranteed to be a Week or Ten Days' old. and worrying for fear that the Young People are not getting a good quality of Gin. Those who haven't Fallen Arches still try | to Dance, and most of those not running for Office seem to be mak ing a Joke of some Good Law*. And yet they are always roasting us j Kids. You are a lot of Jabber nowls." “What’s a Jabbernowl?" “I don’t know. I'm simply trying to protect the Author. He writes his Stuff at least a Month before it is printed, and of course, any Ju venile Slang that he put In would he out of date, cold and discredited before the time of Publication. So the only Safe Plan is to coin a few Words which mean Nothing and put them in and then the Slickers j may think that he has dug up some j New Ones which they have not heard.” This unexpected Reply put Fa ther on the Ropes. By the time he recovered, the two Moderns had picked his Pockets, cranked up the Bus. and started for a Niee Place known as The Purple Bulldog. MORAL —As long as it does not really interfere with any Arrange ments made hy the Children, why not. let the Old Fogles rave? King’s Verger to Retire; Has Served Sixty Years John Crisp, the verger at Sand-1 ringham church, is retiring on a j pension granted hy the king after 60 years of service with royalty. He has shown probably nearly half a million people from all parts over the beautiful church, with its solid silver altar table and pulpit, precious stones, and memorial win dows and plaques of past members of the royal family. Before becoming verger. Mr. Crisp was an attendant at the skittle al leys at Sandringham house, where j kings and emperors used to play, j He remarked in connection with ! that work: “I have picked up the pins (skittles) for nearly all the monarchs of fifty to sixty years." He is seventy-three years of age, 1 and probably the oldest employee of the king, who is now pensioning off his workers at sixty-five. Mr. Crisp is rather sad at retir ing, and feels the wrench after so many years’ service. lie will also receive the national pension.—Mon- treal Herald. Our Government —How It Operates By William Bruckart BUREAU OF STANDARDS AN ELDERLY guide at the Smith sonian institution, the wonder of wonders and storehouse of the interesting, was asked by a tourist on an occasion what the purpose of the institution was. Ills reply epito mized the place in these words: “It shows what people hare done." I am Indebted to him, therefore, for the thought that the bureau of standards shows what people are doing. And there can be no more accurate description, albeit: to state fully its meaning and to comprehend its scope It must be expanded and expanded until one’s mental proc esses grow foggy. Some years ago, a friend of mine who has devoted many years to the public service as an expert in the j bureau of standards. Invited me to ride in his car to my destination at another point in the city. Upon entering his automobile I was sur prised to find a veritable battery of taxicab meters operating In the ton neau of the machine. Ills explana tion of their presence may be used to illustrate the type of work per formed by the bureau: “We never have known whether | taxi meters are accurate. In other | words, we have been unable to say positively whether persons hiring taxicabs are cheated by the ma chines that register the fare. By in stalling these meters aud using this car normally, we get a test of them under all sorts of conditions of op eration. The speedometer on the car is tested regularly so that we can check against it. We will know In about two months whether any or all of these meters give the pub lic a square deal." Such is one phase of the work done at the bureau of standards and all of it has its end and aim, the making of this a better world in which to live. Its accomplish ments In this direction are endless, because those scientists are tireless in their pursuit of knowledge. It will be Impossible In a brief space to set out even a small por tion or outline of the work done In the bureau, a place that to my hum ble mind contains more thrills than ever have been concentrated under ! one roof anywhere else in the world, j But when one recalls that by per sistent effort bureau experts have persuaded scores of commercial lines to do away with countless styles and types of products and to concentrate on standardized designs, all as means of reducing the cost to the consumer, some idea Is given of the dollars and cents value of the work accomplished. Take for example, bolts and nuts. One can buy them anywhere in this land and If he calls for a certain type, that type will be supplied whether it is manufactured in the city of Pitts burgh or San Francisco. Experiments have been carried on at the bureau for years respecting the best methods of heating homes and the best methods for steam pro duction, always with the view of ; economical operation In view. A chemistry division operates one of the great laboratories of the country, testing, testing, testing. Thousands of chemicals that reach the public, ready for economical use and prepared to meet the every day needs of one unskilled in han dling delicate instruments, are bet ter today because the scientists of the bureau of standards devoted many months to experimentation. Development of the airplane has brought with It many and varied problems. The bureau set about solving them. Some of them are me chanical, purely; others deal with natural forces. That explains why there is a gigantic wind tunnel in operation at the bureau. Air is forced through at every speed and at every angle and against propellers i operated with certain horsepower behind them. The calculations ar rived at enable engineers to know what weaknesses to avoid in plane ! construction. And so it is, too, with tests made of such commonplace things as elec | trie light bulbs. They are actually burned out. Tests are made with filaments of every known substance; used for that purpose, and combina- j tions of substances are tried. Man ufacturers have the direct benefit J of these experiments, of course, but; the ultimate consumer gains event-j I nally through lower prices on qual- j ; ity products. Almost constant experiments are j ; carried on at the bureau with ma- j terials used for dyes, dyes for cloth,: ; colors for paints, for inside and out- j ' side decorative purposes, for metals, j ; etc. The fastness must be known; \ j the condition under which they will | fade are developed conclusively if I they fade at all, and means of cor-; recting that weakness are looked for. The scientists experiment with the cloth or the metal or wood, or whatever other base is used, to as certain what results are brought about by a different foundation for the colors. When they get through one job of testing, those men and women can be said to know the truth. But it seems that instead of the truth making them free, it merely starts them off again in search of something else that will be helpful in your life and mine. ©. 1932, Western Newspaper Union. Chic Snow Togs Gay With Color By CHERIE NICHOLAS I JnHK / 7 x y* HU, HU, ho 1 Who wouldn't go, up on the hill top far, far far away? Come on up, the snow's fine. Let's go! Whether we be snow-faring fans or among those who elect to join the style parade under sunny skies "where summer spends the winter,” the “what-to-wear" problem L ever with us. So let’s spend a few moments with Dame Fashion and see what she has to say upon the subject. To begin with those who skate and ski and toboggan and frolic in the snow are expected to follow as meticulous style program us does milady who promenades along sun warmed beaches or dances to the rhythmic sway of waving palms under tropical starry skies. A most important lesson which fashion teaches is the value of color —flamboyant, audacious color. If you please. A formula for color which the smart set Is adopting en thiislastlcally for winter sports out fits Is gray for the basic color with accessories in a riot of brilliant greens, blues, reds and orange tones. Over a swanky gray costume consisting of trousers in darL gray with a tuck-in sweater In lighter tone, the neckband and wristbands knitted in vivid stripes, she who skates wears a patchwork suede lacket, in lumberjack fashion, which startles the eye with its vivid col oring, being formed of swatches of blue, green, red and yellow suede sewed together in crazy-quilt fash ion, with enough gray suede worked in to relate It to the gray of the sweater and trousers with which if is worn. It does not look its high color in the picture, but if the skirt-and- GOLD AND SILVER SLIPPERS RETURN The fashion tip given by one of the better shoe houses is to dye the heels and bows of an opera pump to match the gown or the acces sories. This same house is show ing a slipper that can be said al most to embody every color of the rainbow in a vivid pattern. Velvet slippers are exceedingly smart. Many of them have straps and Intricate trimmings of gold or silver kidskin. Some have both. Returned to favor are kidskin gold and silver slippers. A new note is a combination of the gold and ; silver. The brocades are very smart. They are trimmed with the gold or j silver kidskin. Some houses are ; showing a trim of opaque kidskin. There are 'satin and moire com | binations to be had and crepe slip pers to be dyed. Plump Figured Ladies Adopt Two-Piece Dress The sculptural lines have evi dently been too great a -ax -n the figures of many women, or rather rtie figures have raxed too greatly rhe nerves of dress sculptors, be | cause of a sudden now, one is dis | covering a good many smart women ; wearing two-piece dresses. This is a great break after the past seasons of trying to look like a plaster re lief. And those who aren’t adopt ing the two piece news are almost gulping down the lowered waistline. Hatback I* Need The strong popularity of the Vic torian coiffure that sweeps all the curls to the back of rhe head makes the elevated hatback practically im perative. jacket suit worn by the young woman playing Ice-hockey In the picture could be seen in the orig inal it would eertainly qualify as being plenty colorful. The trimly buttoned and belted jacket Is of bright red corduroy. It is lined with natural chamois. The skirt is of rich green suede leather. Its buttoned-down-the-front fastening Is the last word for sportswear. Included among timely sugges tions for conservatively smart snow suits are types such as tiie model shown to the right in the picture. It is made of navy gabardine which is so generally worn, it lias become almost a tradition in the sports realm. Variety is afforded by the plaid lining which is woven in flam ing colors. The commendable thing about modern winter sports togs is that no matter how pictorial they may be they never sacrifice the practi cal. The sportswoman who knows ner fashions never thinks of wearing a jacket or blouse which does not fasten with u metal slide or some such arrangement That is if she be not intrigued with some other equally ns deiiendable a gadget such as, for Instance, the new fastening created by Schiaparelli which slips small wooden knobs through leather thongs. A row of 'em is warranted to “doll up" any ski or skate suit to the snow queen’s taste. Howso ever to do the trick without osten tation you will please to note the pullver blouse picured above In the group, which fastens with a metal slide at the back of the neck. The collar and gloves are striped in pale blue and brown. ©. 1933. Western Newspaper Union. DINNER JACKETS Bt CHERIE NICHOLAS One sleeveless decollete gown with a flock of cunning dinner jack ets equals k whole wardrobe of eve ning clothes. Which goes to show how practical fasli’on is growing during these days when economy is correct e orm wherever we may go. The model pictured is in black and white velvet. Gold or silver-span gled velvet would make up very prettily after this fashion. The list of flattering dinner jacket! Includes some very dainty fantasies made of choice lact either black o> tn ecru or flesh tints. Worn over black vel vet or crepe dresses they ‘ransform the formal gown Into a costume tuned to the semi-formal dine or dance hour. The flair for sparkle is reflected in the dazzling little capelets and jackets whicl. are se quin covered. 3