The Palatka news and advertiser. [volume], August 07, 1914, Page PAGE 3, Image 3

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V
FRIDAY, AUGUST 7, 1914
THE PALATKA NEWS, PALaTKA, FLA.
PAGE 3
ALL NATIONS ARMED
FOR GREATSTRUGGLE
Grcut Crilain May Be la
Clash
MGE!L!ZsNGKER FORCES
War CfikiaMy Extends Between fler.
many and Austria on One Side
and Russia, Scrvia and Montenegro
on the Other.
till 1
& ii a t.
i i 1,
.:
ffMf Trtnvr n si 1 1
I 1 1 1 1 J i 1 f " . ' c
I -f,ff. ..sr".
1 iv- fWZil
( - '
"V,u'j -
KIIG VICTOR EMMAM UEt
AND ITALIAN SOLDIERS. )
ARMY WAR FOOTING f
1.200,000
h m k. n lilts ir .
A A A W AAA J tS i
Germany, Austria and I
Strong Bond For
and Defensive
By ERNEST WELLECK.
Copyright, 1914, by American Press Asso
ciation. THE triple ulliani'e at present ex
lsting between (iernmny, Aus-trin-llnnijiir.v
and Italy wiia
ui'iKlnnlly formed on May 'JO.
l.VKJ, and renewed from time to time,
tlie last time on Dee. 7. 11112. It win
the crowning masterpiece and. next to
the unilitution of Germany, the great
est diplomatic achievement of Prince
Uismarck, t.ermaiiy's jireat "iron chan
cellor. " It was really the outgrowth of
the dual alliance between Germany
jind Austria concluded on Oct 7, 1S7U.
and signed at Vienna by Count Andras
sy, then Austro Hungarian minister ot
foreign affairs, and l'riuce Keuss, at
that time Gernum ambassador at the
Austrian court
In his "Keminiscences" Prince Bis
n.arck with remarkable candor explain
ed the considerations which prompted
him to form the alliance with Austria
He realized the necessity of protecting
Germany against aggression by an al
liunce with another great power. An
alliance with France, for obvious rea
sons, was out of the question. The
choice was between liussia and Aus
tria-IIungary Uismarck did not hesl
tate long with his decision in favor of
Austria.
He knew that Iiussla would be a
more powerful ally but with his usual
ucumen and almost prophetic foresight
he realized that such an alliance would
In the end be fatal to the national and
racial interests of the Teutonic peoples
of Europe He foresaw the tremendous
growth of paii-Slavism so carefully nur
tured and disseminated by Russia and
niming at the supremacy In Europe of
the Slavs, with liussia as the ruling
power Bismarck knew that Austria,
in a greater measure even, was threat
ened by the ascendancy of the Slavs
and had even more reason than Ger
many to fear Uusslan aggression and
Interference, particularly In the Balkan
peninsula.
Austria as a Bulwark,
The preservation of Austria as a
bulwark against pan-Slavism was con
sidered necessary by Bismarck to main
tain the balance of power In Europe
and Insure the continuance of peace,
liaclal kinship, national traditions and
common interests strongly favored
Austri i as.the natural ally of Germany,
and these ,-onsiderations induced the
ol.am ellor to conclude the defensive nl
li.iln e of 1S71I
( ndei the terms of the original
treat' the two Mvers were tn combine
tln ii entire military strength for niti
to. n support In case either of the two
powers should be attacked by liussia
Should one of the two allied powers be
alia, ki-d by some other power the nth
ei .-lureed not to support the attacking
power and to preserve at least a lieu
frill state friendly to the allied power
Sliou d liussia support the attacking
power, however, the two all'es should
make common cause against the enemy
as if liussia had been the aggressor
The terms of the alliance were rath
ei one sided and lacked the element
of reciprocity T'nder the agreement
the two allied powers were bound to
support one the other only against Rus
sla. But only Austria was In imminent
danger of being attacked by liussli:
Germany's most dangerous enemy whs
Fran, e and not liussia. Wt omle,
,l,e terms of the alHai. e. Austria was
bound only t preserve ' '
friendly neutrality should
nttn. ki"1 L'
No. 666
This is prescription prepared especially
(or MALARIA or CHILLS & FEVER.
Five or six doses will break any case, and
if taken then as a tonic the Fever will not
return. It acts on the liver better than
Calomel and does not flripe or sicken. 25c
to
EHPERORFMCIS JOSEPH
AND AUSTRIAN CWAIRY.
WAR STRENGTH
'TV f-
?' 3 S r":'
&lh iik v w
Joined
Mar
interests of lii-noun I. siiiari k ar
ranged In ss" a neutrality treaty with
liussia. which was can vied, however
a few ears later In his successor
I'aprivi
It.-ly Versus France
Italy end nil the triple ,-1 1 ! 1 -1 n v ii
p-is'i: smut MIC! tile Kt'en- ll illVMMul.
of Tunis li.''l roll ed the Italian peop.i
In a w ml n! wrath anil hit tonics-win-
!i fi : the ni".: ent ipt'te e.stuiaui -h
tl iiii ;,n. gni.lie.-. toward Ahstn:
ami even temporarily ipneied the agi
tatimi I'i-i tin- ivlempli-'H' ot tin
I n isv.no -in-: I'.iest
This liii.i.m Lis cinor-s toward Franc
..-l.-lei unto l-:iP in lis tierces! nm
incuts ii invoked n tar.il war wht.-l,
ust ! i ; 1 1 ;, it. an;, million The nihil. ir;
xpi ml i ii i it- m es--arj tn keep Italy
ip to hci o::'ja::etne!its with her allle--un
stjii a. oic As tor '1 mils i! re
a. ained I'ren h. iiud in l'.i'.i ami l'.nr.:
l-'r.-iiice anil lta!. recugnii'.cil I'faineii!
runts :i : it f .Mnroccu as well l-'r,.nce
; :!! I-, h ultiinate lla.ian prntei
i.i.iie In Tiipoll
Willi I h. se I rea lies i!ie Italian it hit
siasui tin I lie AiKiro-Gernifli iilli.liiei
oolcil vis.hi; i'he Italian desire i.
in hide in the Uinjiloin tl.e Itali.-n
pi al.iiig ic:-i ii u-ii s of Austria ica- -ert
il i'si-.i 1'iiiallv Hie Ausiriau annex
iihhi o-l i'.o-i:ia anil ilcr.eovin.-.
uroii.-tit Itaiv lace In face with l!n
iiossjh.lity i f a future Austrian expan
vion aioii- t in- Aihial.c in Albania and
:ie iii'-rcasmg strong h of the Austrian
ileet raised iitesl Ions . onceriiing the
iiiiistery of the Adriatic which pro
roundly stirred Hie whole nation
Italy's Army Divided.
With Ho- Tnpolitan expedition the
uist sentimental connection with Her
in ml Vienna vanished, if any still
-tinned. I'loni I'.erKli came a dentin
elation of Italian aggression which
fairly astounded the Italians. While
Paris Journals viewed with calmness
mid even with a certain measure of
sympathy Italian expansion, which
French agreements had legalized. Ger
man newspapers denounced Italy as a
worthless and perfidious ally and gave
ready currency to reports of the brutal
it v of Italian troops
To all these sources of Italian bit
terness there is now added the serious
change in conditions the Tripolltan an
nexation has la-ought. Henceforth foi
ninny years a large Italian army will
have to be kept in Tripoli. But in tin
event of a war between the triple alii
.nice and the triple entente British anil
I'reneh Meets would command Ihe coin
niunication with the Italian peninsula
while Egyptian and Algerian armies
would he able to invade Iripoli itself
By her African expedition Italy has in
a measure given hostages to the sea
powers
Weakened es an Ally.
As for the Gorman aspect of the
ease, the Italian course toward 'fin
key weakened Italy manifestly as an
ally sin e i! diminished her European
army and increased her vulnerability
in AiiL-lo -I'reneh attack. But. what
was even more serious. II shattered
,he bonds between Germany and
Turkey because, although Germany
had assumed the position ot a protee
tor or Turkey and In return counted
iiMu the Turkish army as a re-en
forcemeut to the armies of the triple
alliance, she was obliged to stand
aside and permit her ally to attack
and dismember her friend.
As for Austria, for nearly a dozen
years the statesmen of the dual inon
arcby have perceived the change in
the direction of Italian ambition
tvwo the Trentino. the Bosnian an
nexation. the future of Albania-all ot
these are points where Italian and
Austrian designs conflicted, and for
several years Austria has been build
ing forts from the Tyrol to the gulf
of Cattaro and preparing for a con
filet with Italy.
1 I V J
I t4
it
EMPEROR WILLIAM
AMD GERMAN CAVALRY.
ARMY WAR STRENGTH
based on Three Treaties.
The original triple alliance of 188
was concluded for a term of five years,
and when it expired in 1887 the Irre
dentists and other radical factious in
Italy strongly opHised the renewal of
the agreement. It required all the in
fluence and political persuasion ol
Premier Crisp! to bring Italy Into
line. In lS'.ll the treaty was again
renewed, us It was in 18112, but with
added distrust and opposition on the
part of Italy. The last renewal
was for a term of twelve years, and
in l'JU4 the alliance, somewhat modi
fled In Its terms, was renewed for ten
years, with the provision that any one
of the contracting powers had the
right to cancel its adherence to the
alliance by giving notice one year be
fore the expiration of the treaty.
The last renewal of the alliance was
made on Dec. 7, V.H2, two years be
fore the expiration of the agreement,
and it Is understood that tills preuia
ture renewal was due to the fact that
certain changes in the treaty were nec
essary so as to make the alliance more
binding In view of the expected com
plications iu the Balkan peninsula re
sulting from the annexation of Bosnia
and the Herzegovina by Austria anil
the war in the Balkans.
The triple alliance is based upon
three treaties; the 11 est between Ger
many and Ansiria. (lie second between
Germany and Italy, and Hie third be
tweeu Austria and Italy. The tenia
of the treaty between Germany anil
Austria are practically the same as
those of the original treaty ot l7!.
and are directed against liusMa Tin
Gei nian-ltminii treaty provides tin
mutual assistance ill case either ot tin
two powers should lie attacked b,.
I'rance By Ihe terms of the treaty
between Austria and Italy lrienil,.
neutrality is assured by Italy should
ustria be attacked by liussia. anil by
Auiria. should Italy lie attacked b
l-'rance. . The H Tins of the treaties he
tweeu Germany ,-uid Italy and between
ttstiia and Italy have novel been
made public The German-Austrian
tgreetnelil. however, was published on
I'eh 3. isss. al the Instigation of Bis
inaivk. to put a stop to Russia's war
ike prep'ir H ons
The Flest ot Italy.
Ostensibly I lie treaties upon which the
alliance is based provide only for tile
conduct anil attitude of the contract
tug powers in the even! of war with
ltus.si.-i or France
Then- is '"" .!'! I ii . how,. -,. t ,-
STRETCH YOURSELF MULTIPLY YOURSELF
J Is there anything about your business which
if other people knew would induce them to
paronize you? If so, that calls for the use
of printer's ink. Of course we will ad nit that a' number
of people already know these facts about you, but suppose
MORE knew them V Couldn't you serve, more people
without adding much, if anything, to your expense ? If
you say " Yes," we say that condition calls for printer's ink.
It's our job to help a business man stretch himself, mul-
tiply himself, to help him carry his message to to those
who should have it. This means the use of printer's ink. We hereby
offer you our services, our experience in printing, our facilities for print
ing, our ideas as to good printing, and you will give us a chance to serve
you, we'll make your business bigger. No miracle about this just the
sensible application of printer's ink. Can't we talk it over with you ?
THE PALATKA NEWS JOB DEP ART MENT
Allelic great European powers er
cept Italy ami most of the seenndary
powers are mobilizing wirli all ibcii
energy. Mobilization lias nol yet
reached a stage where any ol' tin
armies have met in battle.
Italy, which declared her neu'nii
ily. will begin to mobilize soot!, al
though the process probably is well
under way.
Great Britain's innbiliza I Inn is
nearly completed, but she has not
announced that she will join in Uio
general war.
War ollicially extended between
Afistria and Germany on one shlo,
and liussia. Scrvia and .Mont etc gro
on the oilier. There had been in
oilieinl declaration of war lietwcen
Germany mid France on either s'de.
But tin- German ambassador n Paris
received orders to demand his p:;ss
ports.
The most Important event in iht
past twenty-four hours was Ger
ninny's demand upon Belgium in tin
form of a twelve-hour nit im.-iiuiu.
that the German troops be p'-rmiited
to cross Belgium to the French fron
tier, coupled with the promise that
Ilelgian integrity should remain un
impaired at Hie end of the war and
that Belgium should lie compensated.
To this Belgium refused to accet'f:
on the grounds of her rights and
honor.
Sir Edward Grey. British se t-e
tary for foreign affairs, made a state
ment in the house of commons indi
cating that Great Britain's interests
and obligations could not pi rmii liei
to submit to the violation of Bc'gian
territory. 'H is virtually left the mc
cision as to whether Great Britain
should make war to public opinion.
England Will Guard France.
Great Britain lias mobili::od hei
forces and awaits events. She is
not a belligerent power, nor is she a
neutral one.
The government has given Franci
assurance that the British licet will
not permit the German ileet to attack
the French coast. It lias not yet
pledged itself to contribute an army
to the continental war.
The British government regards
with the deepest distrust Germany-r
violation of Belgium's neutrality, bill
makes no declaration as to whethei
it considers that measure provoca
tion for war.
Three Polish Cities Taken.
The German troops from I.ublinitz
Silesia, after n short skirmish with
Russians, took possession of Czenslo
chowa, Russian Poland.
Bendzin and Kalish, Russian I'o
land, also have been occupied by tl;i
Germans.
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lazy, vou need a frood cleaning out.
HERBINE is the right thing for that
purpose. It stimulates the liver,
tones up the stomach and purines the
bowels. Price 50c. bold by Acker-man-Stewart
Drug Co.
under these general terms siK-cillca
tions were made as to the conduct of
each of the powers Interested in time
of peace It thus became evident soon
after the rearrangement of the treaty
by Bismarck and Crisp! at Fricdriehs
run. in the spring of 1.SS7. that Italy
had undertaken to maintain a for
mldable fleet on the Mediterranean
wldle as a cinid pro quo Italian agrlcul
turn! products were to have convenient
access to Germany nnd Austria. It Is
also evident that since Germany has
begun to construct a modern Ileet, Italy
has not maintained the fleet of the lati
eighties in first class order or aug
mented It by distinctively modem
-raft
Wm-mWP-- r??5
V Ti M .. iR.tWf' v -v" : r
CZAR MCHOLAS KING GEORGE PRESIDENT POIHCARE
AMD C05 SACKS. AMD BRITISH ARTILLERY. AND FRENCH INFANTRY.
TOTAL WAR STRENGTH 1 I ARMY WAR FOOTING 5 ARMY WAR STRENGTH
5.500,000 '
The Triple Entente
Great Britain, Russia and France Allied
For Joint Armed Action to Pro
tect Common Interests
By CAPTAIN GEORGE L. KILMER.
(Copyright, iyi4, by American Press Asso
elation.)
HE triple entente, a friendly
bond between Russia, England
and France, Is a legacy which
Edward VII. 6f England left
;o posterity. He was the moving spirit
in its formation. It began with an
agreement entered Into between Great
Britain and France and was completed
by a later agreement with Russia and
the two others In TOO".
Its formation was actuated by sev
eral tilings, but chiefly by the growth
of Germany's naval power. That
could be Interpreted only as a menace
to England, for England Is the su
preme lord of the seas.
England's admittance Into the under
standing between liussia and France
made the triple entente a formidable
force to reckon with if united in ac
Hon.
Anglo-French Agreement of 1904.
The Anglo-French agreement, so call
ed, of 1 1 M was rattier a diplomatic
compromise than an agreement. France
conceded certain rights claimed on the
"French shore" of Newfoundland for
an Indemnity England on her part
recognized the claims and ambitions ot
l-'rance In Morocco, In other words a
tree hand in that sphere France
agreed not to fortify opposite Gib
raltar. accepted British occupation of
Egypt, and England guaranteed the
neutrality of the Suez canal. Other
agreements covered thirty years free
trading in Egypt and Morocco and
minor disputed boundaries.
Anglo-Russian Agreement of 1907.
The Anglo-Russian convention of
I!I07 regulates the interests in west
ind central Asia, nnd amounted, when
made to practical abandonment of the
railitional hostility of England to
23
730,000
Russia; also reniovfng the efiances of
collision In Asia, where the two na
tions had long been in a state of an
tagonistic contact, in Persia, Thibet
and Afghanistan. England agreed not
to seek concessions in certain parts of
Persia, and Russia to observe the
same rule In other parts In their re
spectlve spheres of Influence ei-the
power might use force to collect debts
Afghanistan Russia declared outside
of her sphere, and both powers agreed
to negotiate as to Thibet, through
China.
The Triple Entente In 1914.
The arrangement and terms of the
triple entente have been formally set
forth as follows:
The alms of the triple entente, so
called. Great Britain. France and Rus
sia, are:
First. The balance of power.
Second. Strengthening of the treaty
law in the interests of peace and the
status quo.
Third. Disarmament
In April. 1!W4. the entente was made
between France and England. This
year when King George of England
visited Paris In April there was much
speculation among statesmen nnd pub
Heists about the possible transforms
Hon of the entente Into an alliance
This notwithstanding the fact that in
1!K)7 Russia had become a member of
the entente, making a triplicate
The difference between an entente
and an alliance Is said to resemble on
its face that between tweedledum and
tweedledoe. but In fact it may be very
much more. An alliance may be just
so much stronger than an entente, as
an entente Is stronger than no rela
tlon whatsoever. The triple entente at
present Is a series of dual understand
ings between three powers
In fact. It may tie said of al! these
alliances between the great powers
that they are entered into with great
caution and a determination on the
part of the statesmen not to go too far.
not to commit themselves to alliances
which may entangle them In broils
with nations with which they really
have no quarrel. An Instance of this
caution Is found In the so called en
trance of Great Britain In 1007 In the
sphere of the triple alliance. Friend
ship between Italy, a party to the
triple alliance, and England is tradi
tional The triple alliance was alleged
to be hostile to Great Britain, yet Italy
could but feel that in some spheres
she had. with respect to Great Britain
a common policy.
While this was for some time a mere
understanding. It was of such Itnpor
ta nee that I-ord Lansdowne said on one
occasion in the house of lords. "If
the status quo In the Mediterranean
should lie disturbed, this country might
find itself acting in co-operation with
Italy." The bearing of that remark
upon the Italian relations with Ger
uiaii'y and Austria, the otlu-r tw
parties to the triple alliance, was m i '
plain by the Italian prime ministei h
l'.Miil, when he said that. "Cordially
faithful to the triple alliance we shall
maintain our traditional Intimacy with
Great Britain and our sincere friend
ship with France, thus continuing the
policy which in carefully fostering tue
harmony of international relations,
permits us to exercise a rule of con
cord and peace In the council of na
tions." The Entente's Rival.
The triple entente appears to have
sprung from a desire on the part of
England to check Russian and French
aggressiveness that is to say, by ally
ing itself with these two powers and
securing a balance of power In the
entente it might be able to hold its co
partners within bounds. For instance.
In any quarrel in which either France
or Russia, or both combined, might
engage, England would not consider It
4,000,000 1
self bound to join with them, but
would as a matter of justice or policy
seek to restrain them. For this reason
the position that the triple entente as
a whole mny take, or that the indi
vidual powers to the agreement may
take in a crisis like that of a quarrel
between a member of the triple alli
ance and a petty power, is usually a
matter for slow deliberation.
However. In any event the attitude
of the two combinations, the triple
alliance and the triple entente, toward
each other, in a crisis makes impor
tant the relative strength of each. It
is estimated that the war footing of
the triple alliance that is, Austria.
Germany. Italy Is 8.000.000 men In
round numbers. To offset this mili
tary strength of the nations which.
Austria may call to her assistance in
case of aggression by any one of thel
three powers In the triple entente
there are approximately 10,000,000 men.
The troops of the Balkan states. Ser
via. Itoiunanla, Montenegro and Bul
garia, as well as of Greece, are trained
veterans today, having emerged re
cently from arduous campaigns against
Turkey ,
Relative Fighting Strength. '
Assuming that the war must spread
from the local field to other strategic
points, the strength of the three great
powers of the entente is of vital mo
ment Russia is believed to have at
least o.ouu,uou soldiers In Its army
when the full war strength of its es
tablishment Is called out. The esti
mate for France is 2.500.000 to 4,000,
000, while that of Great Britain is less
than a fifth of that of Russia and less
than one-half of the minimum of
France, being about THO.OOO men. In
a clash between the three great powers
of the triple alliance and the three of
the triple entente the navies must nec
essarily play a great part, if not the
chief part !
Navies In the Entente.
Russia's naval complement today Is
approximately 200 vessels. Of this
number thirteen are battleships, six
armored cruisers, eight cruisers, ninety-five
destroyers, forty-two torpedo
boats, thirty-one submarines. Aiming
to waylay an enemy's navy and pre
vent its reaching a certain point or
uniting with the navy of a friendly
power, the cruisers and destroyers and
auxiliary vessels would be able to do
good work
The naval strength of France Is near
ly three times that of her copartner.
Russia France already has two Dread
noughts afloat, twenty-seven other bat
tleships, twenty-two armored cruisers,
fifteen cruisers, eighty-four destroyers,
three hundred and twenty-four torpe
do boats and seventy-eight subma
rines Thus France alone would make
a very good showing against Germany
alone on the sea. Germany having few
er vessels in number than France, or
against Austria and Italy combined,
the two navies of which number but
three hundred and four vessels agninst
the live hundred and fifty-two of
France. Germany is stronger in battle
ships than France, but not so strong
in armored cruisers nor in torpedo
boats.
Great Britain's Sea Power.
A great European conflict is almost
unthinkable unless the tremendous sea
power of Great Britain would play a
part. England's naval force is greater
than that of France, if the number of
vessels In a navy is to be taken as an
indication of lis effective strength. Eng.
land has thirteen of the class of super
Dreadnoughts, of which class no power
In the triple alliance has even one
afloat today, although Germany has
three In the process of building. As
for Dreadnoughts, of which Germany
has seventeen. Great Britain has six
teen to supplement her thirteen super
Dreadnoughts and forty-eight other
battleships as against the thirty of
this class in the German navy. In
cruisers and destroyers, torpedo boats
and submarines, Tessels for speed and
rapid action, England Is again the
superior of Germany.
Great Britain's destroyers number
two hundred and fifteen, Gennany'i
destroyers one hundred and forty-one;
Great Britain's torpedo boats number
one hundred and eighteen as against
Germany's forty-seven, and Great Brit
ain's submarines number aeventy-eeTen
to offset twenty-seren in the nary of
the kaiser.
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