The Palatka news and advertiser. [volume], July 16, 1915, Page PAGE THREE, Image 3

About The Palatka news and advertiser. [volume] (Palatka, Fla.) 1908-19??

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THE PALATKA NEWS, PALATKA, FLA.
PAGE NO. THREE
FRIDAY, JULY 16, 1915.
MINERAL-WATER
TRADE IN 1914.
6
More Than 800 Different Wa
ters on the Market and
54 Million Gallons
Sold.
The annual report on the produc
tion of mineral water in the United
States, which has just been compiled
by K. B. Dole, of the United State3
Geological Survey, from reports re
ceived from spring operators, shows
. that 54.358,466 gallons of mineral
1, water, valued at $4,892,328, was bot
J tied and sold in 1914. The water was
marketed for both medicinal and ta
' ble use and ranged in composition
from the purest of table beverages to
the strongest mineralized waters in
the country. In addition to this
quantity, 6,261,743 gallons of mineral
.water was consumed in the manu
facture of "soft drinks." The lat
. ter quantity does not begin to repre
sent the entire production of soft
drinks but only that part made from
mineral waters, by far the greater
part of the flavored drinks being
V compounded with municipal or pri
vate supplies not classified as miner
al waters. Though 78 new springs
reported production, a large number
hitherto active were idle, so that the
total number of commercial springs
was 829, or 9 less than in 1913. The
total production in 1913 was 57.867.-
399 gallons, valued at $5,631,391; thus
the decrease in 1914 was 6 per cent
in quantity and 13 per cent in value.
Similar decreases in the trade have
been observed since 1911, and may
be attributed chiefly to general im
provement in the quality of municipal
supplies, because of which the neces
sity of purchasing bottled drinking
water has been lessened. During
the last ten years the introduction of
safe filtered water into several large
cities has been followed by notable
falling-off in business of table-water
producers in the immediate vicinity.
Cheaper Mineral Waters.
Another change that has been tak
ing place since 1906 fs the drop in
the price per gallon, from 17 cents
in 1906 to 9 cents in 1914. This
, has been due partly to decrease of
price of individual waters but most
" . ly to increased sales of low-priced
table waters and decreased sales of
high-priced mineral waters reputed
to have peculiar medicinal proper
ties. The value of table waters
sold in 1914 was $3,593,861, while
. that of medicinal waters was $1,298,
437. The State of New York leads in
number of commercial springs, in the
auantitv and total value tof water
sold, ana in value oi tame waters,
though it is far behind in the value
of medicinal waters, in the sales of
which California takes first rank.
"" Indiana and Virginia are also nota
"" ' wTble producers of medicinal waters.
In value of table waters Wisconsin
is second only to New York and is
followed by California, Maine, and
Pennsylvania. Sales were reported
from every State in the Union ex
cept Arizona and Idaho.
Wide Local Trade.
Nearly half the trade was in the
hands of about 50 producers, each of
which did more than $20,000 worth
of business, and more than 1,000,000
gallons was marketed from each of
' - o springs, let uie iraae is essen
f tially local, for 778 other springs
scattered throughout the country re
ported sales ranging in value from
$5 to $20,000. Practically four-fifths
nf the mineral water was sold at
prices ranging from one-half cent to
10 cef?ts a gallon, and only 4 per
cent was sold at prices greater than
cents. AS a general ruit? most
of the high-priced waters are sold for
medicinal use, though the demand for
several well-known table waters has
sustained their prices.
Imported Waters.
The total imports of mineral wa
ter during 1914 amounted to 2,786,
142 gallons, valued at $857,707, a de
crease of 17 per cent in quantity and
10 per cent in value from last year.
Though the importations of mineral
water have decreased annually since
1911, the drop in 1914 was more than
might be attributed to decreased de
mand for foreign waters, any of
which may be duplicated in their es
sential characteristics in this country.
As in previous years, more than two
thirds of the imported water came
from France, Germany, and Austria
Hungary. The trade with France in
creased about 10 per cent and that
v:ith Gciivany decreased r.bout 40
V" per cent from that in 1913. In spite
i P nf var nnrlitinna tha rnfft nf im
portation was greater between July
and December than between January
and June. Mineral water is one nat
ural product for which the United
States is not necessarily dependent
on Europe, for the great variety of
composition exhibited by the miner
al waters of this country makes it
possible to gain every characteris
tic therapeutic reaction by use of do
, mestic waters.
The most stubborn fellow in a jury
box is generally the one who does not
seem to have an opinion.
STETSON UNIVERSITY DeLand, Florida
COI.tKfiE OF LIBERAL ARTS FOR MEN. The standards are the highest.
Kqutpment for work in aolence unjurpaned. A atroug Faculty and a well estab
lished reputation.
COLI.KOK OF LIBERAL ARTS FOR WOMEN. Separate buildings. Liberal
Arts end bourses for school Teachers. Domestic Science.
CHILI KOK OF LAW. Three Professor! who are College aad Uw Oraituatea
lve their entire time to Instruction In this department. Magnirlcent law library,
practice court room, dnss rooms and deliatlne club rooms.
t OI.LFOK. OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCHOOL OF MECHANIC ARTS. Me
chanlcKl, civil, Klectrical and chemical Kngiueerlniand Manual Training Courses
leadtne to degrees. Fine new building, costly equipment.
TEACHERS' COLLEGE. Iads To a degree. The entire equipment of the
College of Liberal Arts and the Normal School Is used for the benvni of those pur
suing this course. ,
COLLFUB OF Bl'SINESS. Bookkeeping by best methods. Banking In all Its
branches. Shorthand and typewriting. Klectlve courses open In other depart
ments. I rge Faculty and commodious buildings.
PREPARATORY ACADEMY. Graduates prepared to enter Harvard, Tale,
Princeton, Cornell. Michigan. Chicago, and all first-class colleges.
MUSIC SCHOOL. A fio.ooo pipe organ, a doten pianos, large Faculty, thorough
oourees of study.
ART SCHOOL. New atudlo. Costly casts, models, etc Museum of Fin Arts.
Regular and special course given.
Address JOHN B. STETSON UNIVERSITY, Deland. Florida.
THE ELECTRIC FAN
And How This Little Device
Produces a Cool Breeze
on Demand.
"It's nice, but I'm sure I couldn't
manage it, exclaimed the lady-of-the-house
as the salesman showed
her a small electric fan suitable for
the home.
"Oh, that's easy enough," laughed
the salesman.
Very deftly he attached the lead
cord to the lamp socket by unscrew
ing the lamp bulb and screwing in
the fan plug attached to the end of
the cord.
"Now, you see," he continued, "all
that is necessary is to move this lit
tle switch attached to the base of the
fan." v
Instantly the fan set up its cooling
breeze.
"But they are so expensive," she
protested.
The salesman laughed. "It is not
expensive," he assured her. "This
eight-inch fan sells for but $8.50 and
you must remember that with reas
onable care it will last a lifetime.
This first cost of the fan is the lar
gest item of expense, because it con
sumes less than a quarter of a ce.it's
worth of current an hour. It will
keep the dining room cool during the
dinner hour for a small fraction of a
cent."
The electric fan. being somewhat of
a new device, is little understood.
For years it was rarely ever seen In
the home, being considered an office
and store necessity. But now it is
being purchased for home use.
It is not hard to understand the
electric fan and any child can attach
it to the electric light socket and
start it running. The fan consists of
three essential parts the small elec
tric motor which drives it, the pro
peller fan which moves the current
of air and the standard to support
this mechanism. The fans are also
equipped with a little device for reg
ulating the speed, which increases, or
decreases, the amount of air current,
and a mechanism for oscillating, or
moving the fan to and fro, so as to
distribute the air current to all parts
of the room. The tiny electric motor
differs in no way from the large elec
tric motors of the same type used to
drive machinery in mills and facto
ries. It consists of a rotating arm
ature, turning in a magnetic field, the
shaft of which is extended so that the
fan blades can be fastened to it with
a set screw. The fan proper is mere
ly a brass propeller, consisting of
four to six curved blades, fastened
to the rotating armature shaft.
These blades, when revolved very rap
idly, move a large volume of air in a
steady, cooling breeze. Electric fans
need practically no attention other
than an occasional oiling. There be
ing no wearing points, except the
armature shaft journals, it cannot
wear out for years and years.
The first cost of an electric fan is
very normal, considering the amount
of material and labor required tp
make a good, serviceable fan. The
cost of electricity to operate such a
fan is a mere fraction of a cent an
hour. The cost of maintenance and
repairs is practically nothing, with
reasonable care. ine electric tan
can be used in every room in the
house where there is an electric light
socket. It is light and easily carried
from place to place. Provided with
a long cord, in which are concealed
the insulated current carrying wires,
it can be located almost anywhere in
the room, from the window-sill to
the mantle.
No one disputes the value of an
electric fan on a hot, sultry day when
there is not a breath of air stirring
outdoors. It will supply a cool, re
freshing breeze in any part ot the
house, night or day, at a cost of less
than that of an ordinary electric
lamp. The old idea that the electric
fan created dangerous drafts was
exploded loner ago. The fan does not
produce a dratt, but a steady, gentle
movement of the entire atmosphere of
a room. It is quite possible to keep
cool and cheerful on the hottest day
if there is a movement of air current
to cool the body by the evaporation of
perspiration.
Largest Lumber Mill Uses Electricity
What is said to be the largest lum
ber mill in the world, located at Ever
ett, Wash., will be operated entirely
by electricitv. This mill has a ca
pacity of 400,000 feet of lumber a
day. It was equipped for electric
drive by the General Electric Com
pany. Motor-driven machines pro
vide for washing the logs and freei.ig
them of stones, convey the raw ma
terial to the various saws, stack the
finished product preparatory to dis
tributing it to the kilns, and finally
load it for shipment. Live rollers
and sorting chains, all motor-driven,
reduce the number of men required
about the new mill.
Storage-battery locomotives and
trolley locomotives are employed to
transfer the tramcars between the
sorting table, yard tracks, dry kilns,
stacking room and traveling crane.
The mill contains 300 motors, rang
ing from 2 h.p. to 300 h.p. in rating.
A 'Cuo-h.p. steam-turbine plant has
been installed to generate electricity
for the operation of the main plant
and of the cedar and hemlock mills to
be completed later.
Your Opportunity.
There is a tide in the affairs of
men that taken at the right time
and in the right way, gives at least
a fair chance of filling out the natur
al span of life.
The stop-look-listen signs become
more frequent as the years go by
and they are in bigger type they
become more emphatic as maturity
ripens into age.
The average American is credited
with the ambition to "idle in the har
ness." It used to be in the old wes
tern days, to meet the end with his
boots on. But why? ,
Why should we not, as age creeps
on, decrease our strenuous activities,
mental and physical, and enjoy the
fruits of an energetic and useful life?
Why should we not sit quietly and
watch with becoming pride the activi
(tao nf tho mnn anH ummn, nhn nnn
to follow us, those whom we have
'"Tu
trained to continue our work, and
watch the development of enterprises
we have established?
For most of us the answer is plain
and easy, if not complimentary; for
most of us have not acquired the fi -
nancia independence that permits a p0nsible iocai association or individu
leisurelyold age. Our "pile' is not,al who wiu tne ex charges,
of sufficient dimensions that we do The onl reairement is that the
not have to supplement it by our con-slides be made of active and u.
tinned exertions for a livelihood. ,cal use in the community anJ that
This growing old is a hard propo-I th be returne1 in good ondition in
sition for most of us to realize and 90 d In additio a brief outline
to accommodate ourselves to. We of a lecture to accompany the slides
have to be mighty close to complete wi be fol.warded on request,
wreck before we admit that age is In addition to this educational
winning the game. But it is inevit-'work the department is always ready
able, sooner or later, for all of us.- nd requests for practical
the time when we have to acknowl-1 :,.. ...u:,.v. i u. t
, , . ,
edge defeat and take our weary way
to the scrap neap. vet, what is
more charming, more splendid, more
dignified than a gracious old age,
I? u !?, frf? b'tterness of model tem of highways for county,
the battle and sits quietly watching To obtn such assistance local au
the game of life with an interest no u;,;D i,ij .,,. m..l. is,-
less intense than if it had part in it?
cut inese warnings-wnat are whicn to make applications. Re
they, and what are they for? The nata fmm ;ii. n-
pliancy of arteries and muscles grad-es can not be et however,
ually diminishes after man has Bl.id work jg 'ne braiK.h of road
reached his physical prime. The Duildin g in which the d epartment may
strenuous exertions of the thirties 'be pal.ticuiar service to local au
and forties overtax the fifties and six- thoHtie Typical desif;ns have been
ties. The headaches that follow pifcp,red copie3 of the,e can ,,e
long continued and hard thought are ' ,vi,,i ,..,. a w minnr
warnings against it. They are warn-
ings that the prudent man heeds. ja !csj ni,itablerfor spe,hi
The hardening of the eye Iense calls jtj pl enKineer may be ass.gn-
for rest for the eye. The wearied !ed to' ; t the site and offer SUi?.
brain resents the overtax put upon, gestions. In some cases designs by
l- I yv. Jej Tne . Sten!' bridge companies have been reviewed
which unheeded, culminate m the sud- b depaVtment for the benefit of
den collapse or the broken blood Icfcal 0fficiais
vessel in the brain, and we call it, Possibly ;he most important way,
"a stroke." It is the beginning of , w in which the deartment as
the premature end that might havesjsts individual communities in the
been postponed for years. 'betterment of their roads is in laying
These warnings have a cause. They t mode, tem of hi(;hways for
are sufficient, nay, they are a de-1 t whic is about to 'end a
mand, to break the practice of years , sm of mo on roads. In
and consult the doctor the special- the department assigns an
ist, and to follow his advice. These tn mak a thorough studv
signs are many. Ihey come in line:
with our greatest overtax.
the breakdown of most human
wrecks comes from worry than from
physical exertion, and most worries
are about comparatively unimpor
tant details rather than about gen-
lJF01!,
tivity, should concern itself with
generalities and leave details to
younger men ,who are in the midst
of the tight.
.,, .
WlthOUt
Ihis world is going on
you when you are gone. Probably
it will go better and smoother than
when you are here, and fifty years
will work a transformation that will
i i.j... in.. mij ii.
inane irany 1WK. um me iviiuuie
Ages. You are not essential to the
world's progress, for it will continue
without you just the same as if you
had never existed. But you owe it
to the world to stay in it as long as
you can and keep yourself as fit as
possible to do your part, to boost as
long and as hard as your best physi
cal and mental condition and natural
abilities will permit. State Board of
Health Bulletin.
Backward Kansas.
The Russell Sage Foundation has
been making an investigation of in
dustrial conditions in Kansas. Its
report is not encouraging.
Thirty-nine states and the District
of Columbia have laws Drotecting wo
men from long hours ot labor. Kan
sas is one of the nine states which
have no such laws. In some occupa
tions, women are employed sixty
hours a week or more.
Kansas has a child labor law,
such as it is, but it is inadequate
and it is loosely enforced. It pro
hibits the employment of children un
der fourteen in factories, workshops,
the atres or packing houses, in oper
ating elevators or in or about mines;
but it says nothing about quarries,
restaurants or laundries, in which oc
cupations children were found work
ing. It provides that children under
sixteen shall not be employed in any
occupation or place "dangerous or in
jurious to life, limb, health or mor
als," but this prohibition is too in
definite to be effective, and it leaves
it to be determined what occupations
or places fall within it.
Kansas has a workmen s compensa
tion law; but the law leaves it op
tional with employers and employees
to come under the law, and some of
tivitv , uri,is'ta. including drainage
the largest employers of labor do not maximum speed of the ship will be
choose to come under it. 22 knots per hour. It is estimated
Altogether, this is not a brilliant .that 75 per cent of the power gen
showing for a state which has en- ! prnfprl hv thp tiirbinps will be del lv-
joyed the supposed benefits of .woman
suffrage for nearly three years.
Fussy Woman.
A fussy Atchison woman returned a
bag of salt to her grocer with the
complaint that its "flavor" wasn't
good.'-Kansas City Star.
Cured of Indigestion.
Mrs. Sadie P. Clawson, Indiana,
Pa., was bothered with indigestion.
"My stomach pained me night and
day," she writes. "I would feel
bloated and have headache and belch
ing after eating. I also suffered from
constipation. My daughter had used
Chamberlain's Tablets and they did
her so much good that she gave me
a few doses of them and insisted
upon try ng them ""help' me
as nothing else has done." For sale
FOR BETTER ROADS.
Ways in Which the Depart
ment Offers Advice and
Assistance to Com
munities. Communities interested in the im
provement of roads are recommended
by the department to apply for a lec
turer on the subject. Lecturers will
be sent at the Government expense
wherever there is reason to believe
that audiences will be large enough
to make the expenditure of time and
money worth while. Whenever pos
sible it is, of course, desirable for a
number of communities in the same
' . " . -
lecturer are materially reduced
The number of lecturers at the dis
posal of the department is limited
and it is not always possible, there
fore, to comply with every request.
When a lecturer can not be sent, how
ever, the department will loan a set
lf ':,0ui0 i;.t.. i;j .,
ctoBiaiaiiiG wiiii.ii may lane vile juiui
f ,ia, dvi d msDection. su.
perintendence of county roads, road
;- ,j .i.
brid ' rk.F0P the Hevelonment of n
from the office of Public Roads
Rttr.l .... W,,u,,7 nrnhaWv .;. su,h
f"the HiBt,.i(.t. He asPertaina where
the best road materials are, what
roads are the most important and,
therefore, to be improved first, and
provides for the location of each road
so as to secure the best possible
drainage and grade, and indicates the
suitable type and method of
structures, to meet the needs and
means of the community. When his
work is completed the county officials
have at their disposal the results of
U,;., ,,J,r nt nn ,hnln
problem and should be able to carry
out the work with far more efficiency
and economy than would otherwise be
possible,
p , mtr:l0 oro ls noino.
tinually tested by the department and
the information thus ' obtained is
available for any community in doubt
as to the kind of road they purpose
to build. Similar tests can also be
secured on dust layers, such as road
oils and tars, and the department will
furnish to anyone instructions as to
selection and shipment of samples.
The tests are made free of charge
when they are desired in connection
with public improvements. U. S.
Dep't Agriculture.
Battleship to be Driven by Electric
Motors.
The first electric battleship will be
the 80,000-ton California now building
at the Brooklyn Navy Yard. This
great warship will be driven by pow
erful electric motors and in addition
to this electricity will be used for
steering, hoisting ammunition, turn
ing turrets, operating winches, for
ventilating apparatus, for signaling,
wireless communication and for cook
ing the daily meals for the officers
and crew.
The California is the first large bat
tleship to be equipped with a com
plete electrical system. The excel
lent results obtained with the collier
Jupiter induced the government to
adopt this novel method of propelling
its latest new superdreadnaught.
The contract for the propelling equip
ment for the California has been re
cently awarded to the General Elec
tric Company. The apparatus will
cost about $431,000 as against an es
timate of $631,000 for propelling by
steam.
The equipment includes two 18,-000-h.p.,
2200-r.p.m. turbine genera
tors and four induction motors. The
ered at the generator, and that there
will be a loss of only eight per cent
in the electrical equipment. The ef
ficiency of electric drive is far ahead
of that of the most efficient steam
drive now in existence on any of the
large Atlantic liners.
A feature of electric propulsion not
obtainable with steam propulsion is
full power in backing. Full speed
astern with electric propulsion means
almost as many knots per hour as
full speed ahead. this is an im
portant military feature. If success
ful it promises to revolutionize the
present methods of propelling all our
warships.
Probably the Truest Form of Lev.
There Is a love which can And it
n. expression In sympathy and .U
happiness In understanding. -Johm
1 Oliver Hobbes.
Espoirt Adlvfc For ttUn
Queries and Replies Covering Matters of
Importance to the Man Who Rum a Car
What ar th methods used in finding
th tie rod bolt center position in re
lation to king bolt center on a front
axle for both tie rod in front and tie
rod in rear of the axle? Ar the wheel
base and tread of a car of importance
in finding these position?
The steering arms are aligned so that
their center lines Intersect at the cen
tral point of the rear axle. This iilljin
ment Is independent to some extent ol
the wheel alignment, as both wlieeli
may be correctly cambered and pith
ered, with one of the steering arms n'
a faulty augle. In moving strainlit
ahead this would have no effect, but
tn turning the wheels do not run on
a true circle, so that both wheels are
subjected to a tire grinding. The same
effect results from the tie being too
short or too long.
To determine whether or hot the
steering connections are properly made
It is necessary to know that the an
gle of the steering arms and the axle
spindles is right, and that the tie rod
is of the right length. Both of these
depend upon the distance apart of the
steering king bolts and on the wheel
base of the car.
Measuring the angles of the steering
car, as made with the axle, the correct
angle that the steering arms on the
car should make with the car is found.
Frequently in lining up the wheels of
a car the. steering connections are
thrown out by lengthening or shorten
ing the tie rod to get the proper gather.
This should never be done, as improper
gather is usually the result of bent
wheel spindles. The tire wear result
ant from bad wheel setting is obviated
at the expense of a serious wear on
account of faulty steering.
How can I prevent the body of my
car from squeaking, th body being all
teel except th dashboard? Th
queaking appears to be all in th
dashboard.
Body squeaks can be eliminated by
lubricating the rubbing parts that
cause this noise or by stopping their
relative movement As a rule, though.
it is extremely difficult to locate the
exact poiut at which the noise occurs.
Get some one to listen for the squeaks
while you drive the car slowly over a
rough road. Having found where the
trouble is, a little lubricating oil or
grease will stop the noise, or if it Is
due to the looseness of adjacent parts
the squeaks can be stopped by tighten
ing up these parts.
Can you suggest something which
will claan out th radiator of my car,
which has become clogged? Havo tried
soda without effect.
The proper solution to use in clean
ing out a clogged radiator depends
upon whut particular impurity has
clogged It up. Usually this happens
through a deposit of solid material
from the cooling water which forms
on the Interior of the entire cooling
system. Soda quite frequently will
dissolve this, but some deposits do not
respond to this treatment The sltua
tiou is the same as that of steam boil
ers, and some of the boiler compounds
probably will be valuable. It is sug
gested that you send a sample of the
water employed to a water compound
manufacturer, who can then, upon
analysis of the water, determine the
proper cleaning compound to supply.
There are a number of radiator
cleaners manufactured especially for
motor cars, and they may be beneficial.
I th clutch of th disk type if th
car is managed by th clutch coming
against a round flat piece of metal?
No. The disk clutch consists of a se
ries of metal plates, face to face, alter
nte ones being connected to the engine
and the others to the transmission.
When these are pressed together by a
spring they all turn together. The
device you refer to is the clutch brake
to keep the clinch from spinning.
My motor overheats. It steams when
driven eight or ten miles. Would too
much oil causes this, as it smokes at th
exhaust?
The use of too much oil for any
length of time will cause carbon to de
posit on the piston and cylinder head
and thus cause the motor to heat. If
misfiring is evident and loss of power,
then treat the motor as one badly car
bonized. However, the heating may
be due to other things besides carbon.
The motor should not be operated with
the spark retarded too far, and the
brakes should not drag. The water
system must of course, be free from
obstructions. If the pistons are poorly
fitted or the rings worn excessively
l he oil will work up Into the combus
tion chamber, deposit carbon and cause
heating. Try to do as little interme
diate and low gear work as possible.
I have always considered that speed
was an indication of power, but my
car' performance on hill does not
bear m out in this. Why is it?
Ueganling the relation of speed and
horsepower, there is no definite Inter
relationship between the two and no
rule which states that the maximum
horsepower is being exerted at maxi
mum speed. In fact, the contrary la
the case. The motor may continue to
revolve at a greater speed after th
power curve has reached Its peak.
What is th reason for heating .tha
mixture befor it goe to the cylinder
for combustion?
The only reason that we preheat fuel
is to thoroughly vaporize it In other
words, for a given volume and a given
mixture a great umount of heat units
will hp contained in the cooler charge
provided that both are completely va
porized. The reason for this Is that
the heut expands the charge, thereby
permitting a smaller number of units
of discharge to be contained In a giv
en volume. The fact that some of the
heat milts which would ordinarily be
lost are returned to actual use by pre
heating the cbiiw Is a factor In the
situation and dues reduce the differ
ence betweeu the two conditions, but it
Is doubtful if us many heal units would
be given up iu this maimer as would
be !t by having n preheated charge.
The practical side i.f the question, how
ever, is one wlii, li must be looked upon.
With the gasoline iliat we are now get
ting it Is necessary to use heated air
If the best lesiilis are to lie attained;
otherwise I lie fuel will uot be vaporiz
ed, especially during cold weather.
How many teeth are needed for a two
to on and two and a half to on ratio?
The gears should be such that there
are twice as many teeth on the large
gear us there are ou the small gear,
in order to get a two to one ratio. For
a two and one-half to one there should
be two and one-half times as many
teeth on the large gear as there are on
the small one. The ratio may be ob
tained jvltb an iutiuite number of com
binations. The size of the gearcase
will determine the size of the gears,
and then the shape and distance be
tween teeth must be found to get tha
number of teeth needed.
I there any possible way in which I
can install a pressure feed oiling sys
tem on my car? It has a splash system
at present.
It might be possible to install this
pressure feed, but it would not be ad
visable. In the first place, a great
amount of special engineering work
would be required and many new
parts, such as a hollow crankshaft
and the pump itself. This would en
tall a great outlay of money which
would not be Justifiable, because, aft
er the system bad been worked out
and installed on the motor, the under
taking would, in every sense of the
word, be an experiment Any trou
bles you may have been having with
your oiling are probably not due to the
original design, but to some local de
fect which has come up and which can
probably be readily cured In a much
more simple way than by altering the
entire system. 1
Should th clutch be thrown out on
rough roads?
The clutch should be thrown out
and the brake applied slightly when
deep ruts are encountered, and many
drivers make riding easier by period
ically throwing the clutch on rough
roads. If the motor will pull slowly
there is no reason, however, for throw
ing out the clutch.
What valve timing should on us on
a two cylinder opposed motor with a
bora of four and a quarter and a stroke
of four and a half?
Since the valve timing which will
give Ideal results for any given motor
is a variable quantity and depends
largely upon such details as manifold
design, the only thing which can be
done Is to give an approximate timing,
from which you can vary iu one direc
tion or the other until you attain the
best results. If the cams are already
made and tn the motor you can only
place them so that the valve openings
will correspond with those given and
allow the closing to take care of Itself.
A fairly average timing which should
give good results is as follows: Intake
valve opens ten degrees after upper
dead center and closes thirty-five de
grees past lower dead center. Exhaust
valve opens forty degrees before lower
center and closes five degrees past up
per center.
Does it harm a high tension magneto
that is, where a car is run by on
alone to shut off the (park going down
hill and brako with your gears? Is this
th best thing to do on a steep hill?
And could this harm the cylinders?
It does not harm a high tension mag
neto to do this, as no mechanical strain
is put upon It. and naturally it does
not generate current when switched
off. The practice of using the motor
as a brake will not harm the cylinders,
but it is said to put considerable wear
on the gears, due to the reversed ac
tion of the reduction that Is. if the car
should be geared four to one when the
motor is acting as a brake the reduc
tion acts in an opposite direction and
becomes one to four.
How can I stop rattling of scissor
typ shock absorbers without tighten
ing up th bolt until th rar rid
hard?
To stop rattling of scissors typ
shock absorbers without taking np on
the bolts until the car Is hard tiding,
Insert two thin rubber disks cat from
an old tube, on each aide ot each wood
n washer as tarnished.
by all dealers.
i.: J" .3.J'y