Arizona state miner. [volume], October 24, 1919, Image 5

About Arizona state miner. [volume] (Wickenburg, Ariz.) 1919-1927

Image provided by: Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records; Phoenix, AZ

                
II 1
Educator Says Poorer Classes Are
Slowly Starving to Death
The poorer classes of the nation are slowly starving to death without
realizing it, Prof. William F. Ogburn of Columbia university testified
recently in the stock yards wage hearing before Federal Judge Alschuler
in Chicago. Professor Ogburn offered figures to show the vitality of
many of the present generation is so low there is little hope for a third
generation.
“What is the minimum wage necessary for the present generation to
assure a third generation?” he was asked.
“Not less than $1,550 or $1,600,” was the answer.
Professor Ogburn made his survey of more than 4,000 families in
every part of the country and arrived at his conclusions after exhaustive
comparisons of living costs in 18 typical cities. He was called as an
expert for the workers.
In the 4,000 families it was discovered that the head of each house
bought a straw hat every three years for an average of $2.19 and one felt
hat every two years at an average of $2.70. The minimum comfort wage
necessary to keep a family from suffering from slow starvatiom he fixed at
$1,900 to $2,000.
The minimum salary upon which the family of five could barely
subsist is $1,550 to $1,600, compared to $1,385 in October, 1918.
The average expenses of the 4,000 families for entertainment was:
Movies, $5.03; concerts, $1.09; newspapers, 85 cents; postage, $1.65;
magazines, 30 cents.
Professor Ogburn said the cost of living had increased 73 per cent
since the spring of 1917 and 8 per cent since June, 1919.
ran
>f > *g)l
For years it was contended by au
thorities that it was useless even to
use nest eggs as attractions to hens,
that biddy, like the cow, could not be
deceived. The non-professional for in
stance, rigidly adhered to the old-time
idea that nest eggs were requisite.
Prof. George M. Turpin, of lowa Uni
versity, in a bulletin called the “Nest
ing Habits of Hens” gives a prominent
place to the “Use of Nest Eggs.” He
starts out with the statement that no
data had been established as to
whether the nest egg influenced biddy
or not. He made a careful test, placing
40 hens in a house and prepared 16
nests for them, some with China eggs,
others hen product, and others again
with no nest eggs. The result of bid
dy’s choice was 214 fresh eggs in the
China bait, 290 in the natural attrac
tion and 108 in the nests with no cam
ouflage, showing .35, .47, and .17 per
cent respectively. The conclusion is
that hens like nest eggs and prefer the
natural one.
Persia First Country
to Discover the Secret
of Aromatic Substances
The first nation to learn the secret
of aromatic substances was Persia,
says London Tit-Bits. The priests of
Egypt were the only people who
studied science at that time, and
Egyptian perfumes achieved great
celebrity, especially those made in
Alexandria.
Reserved originally for religious
rites, perfumes subsequently became
of current use among the wealthy
classes. During banquets they were
diffused through the halls and were
burned in profusion.
The Israelites during their sojourn
in Egypt adopted the use of aromatic
substances, primarily for religious
purposes and afterward for personal
usage. The Jews were fond of cos
metics and even used them to paint
the face.
All these perfumes were extracted
from essences of trees and various
plants. The Greeks, who loved ele
gance, were especially addicted to the
use of perfumes, and they taught their
secrets and usage to the Romans. The
latter, in the uays of their decadence,
went so far as to scent the coats of
their dogs.
In the middle ages the Arabs, Vene
tians, Genoese and Florentines be
came famous for the preparation of
sweet smelling essences.
Saving of Fuel to Light
Coal Stove Fire at Top
Although a coal fire always burns
better, especially at the start, when
lighted from the bottom, it has been
found to be much more economical of
coal if the paper and kindling wood are
placed above the coal, says Popular
Mechanics. A few small coals and
cinders are spread over the top of the
kindling wood to enable a coal fire to
be started. After the top layer begins
to burn properly the fire will spread
slowly downward if the air draft is
right. This method secures the most
complete combustion because the gases
from the unburned coal at the bottom
must pass through the burning layer
at the top, and thus become completely
burned. It is admittedly harder to
build and control this kind of a fire,
but the saving in fuel often justifies
the extra trouble.
Marriage Insurance.
With the object of stimulating mar
riage England has a marriage insur
ance scheme by which the family will
receive $2,500 in the event of the
death of the husband, or the same sum
will be paid at the end of 25 years if
the husband still lives.
fiath^^^LStrvtles
Caught!
“What did he do?”
“He was visiting at our house and
boasted before the whole family that
he had never been sick in his whole
life.”
“I don’t see anything mean about
that.”
“Well, one night, not more than a
month ago I told my wife I had to go
and sit up with him.
“Oh!”
Doesn't Pay.
• Hobbs Your
d e bts don’t seem
Q to worry you.
Dobbs —No; if
a J v I look worried it
1l worries my cred
it & I itors > and then
- / I they worry me
I jj into worrying a
4HD** ° C lot more -
Who’s Afraid?
“Were you afraid, dearie, while I
was detained downtown?”
“I wasn’t exactly afraid.”
“I was afraid you’d be afraid.”
“And I was afraid you’d be afraid
I’d be afraid, so I tried not to be
afraid.”
Check Gave Him Nightmare.
“Do you think I—t1 —t
that the things
you eat influence
your dreams?” A v/a t X
“Undoubtedly! I It
ate a sirloin steak \q 1\ |
the other evening
and dreamed j |T T® ;T:
about bankruptcy /
all night.”
They Didn’t.
Whistler was once invited by a wed
ding of a mere acquaintance, and
promised to be present. When the
wedding party reached the church the
artist was nowhere to be seen, but a
telegram was handed to the groom
which read:
“Am unavoidably detained. Can’t
get to the church in time. Don’t
wait.”
Interesting Item.
‘Tm afraid Clubleigh doesn’t keep
up with international politics.”
“How is that?”
“I asked him what was the latest
ARIZONA STATE MINER
Origin of Jury System
Attributed to Peoples
of European Countries
The exact origin of the jury system
is not known with certainty, it having
been attributed to different European
peoples which at an early period de
veloped methods of trial somewhat
similar to the early jury trials in Eng
land. Trial by battle was cast in the
background by the Norman conquer
ors when the Norman institution of
recognition by sworn inquest was
adopted. The Curia Regis, or King’s
court, directed the sheriff to select
four knights of the county by whom
12 knights were selected to serve as
recognitors. After being duly sworn
they inquired into the facts of inter
est to the new rulers of England which
might be subject to public inquiry,
such as matters affecting taxation.
Suitors in cases affecting the title
of real estate, as early as the reign
of Henry 11, 1154 to 1189, applied to
the king’s court for recognitors whose
verdict, if unanimous, was accepted
as conclusive.
Originally the jury was selected be
cause of their knowledge of the peo
ple, locality and customs and thereby
passing upon the facts from a more
intimate knowledge of them. During
the reign of Henry IV, the jury was
instructed to judge the facts upon the
evidence submitted to it, which is the
single function of the jury of modern
practice. —Kansas City Star.
Holland Most Systematic
in Cultivation of Oysters
In the industry represented by oy
ster cultivation Holland is the most
systematic in its operations and em
ploys more elaborate methods than any
other country in the world. The nu
merous sounds that indent the coast of
Holland, particularly in the region of
the River Scheldt, afford excellent fa
cilities for the propagation of the oy
ster and enable the country to conduct
the most successful oyster industry in
Europe. Public dredging is not permit
ted, as the result of that system was
the threatened exhaustion of the fish
eries, and the beds have been carefully
surveyed and specific tracts are leased
to individuals and companies who are
thus enabled to conduct the propaga
tion of the oyster in a systematic man
ner that insures the best results from
the territory available.
news from Italy and he said the res
taurateurs of Rome were charging
$lB a bottle for champagne.”
Well, Even That Will Help.
“They say food is going to be cheap
pretty soon,” remarked the hopeful
chap.
“No,” said the man who loves to
look on the dark side; “it isn’t going
to be cheap—it will merely seem cheap
by comparison.”
Unnecessarily Worried.
He—l may as well tell you, before
you hear it in some other way, that
I kissed another man’s wife last night.
The Missus—l’ll get a divorce, but
who was the horrid thing?
He —I wish you wouldn’t speak that
way of my mother.
Serbian Families, Once
Rich, Now Make Homes in
Barns and Chicken Coops
In northern Serbia many families,
wealthy before the war, have been
found by officers of the American Re
lief administration and the American
Red Cross living in stables and chicken
coops.
Their homes had been destroyed by
the advancing or retreating armies.
Now their beds were heaps of straw
covered with burlap. It was all that
remained as furniture in their once
pretentious estates. Penniless and
with no clothing except what they
wore, these people returned in pitiable
condition. Many of the refugees made
their way across Serbia in makeshift
garments of burlap bags, which had
contained American food sent to re
lieve their hunger.
The condition of the Serbian peas
ants is beyond description. A large
proportion are homeless. Most fam
ilies have been deprived of their wage
earners by death. The mother is now
obliged to support herself and chil
dren on what she can procure on a
farm stripped of its machinery and
tools.
Onion Production.
Commercial onion production in the
United States this year, as estimated
by the government report, Is 21,569
cars, against 17,124 cars last year.
EXTREME CARE IS MOST ESSENTIAL FOR
PRESERVATION OF POULTRY IN TRANSIT
Be Sure to Use Only Suitably Equipped Cars for Shipping Dressed Poultry.
(Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
Scrupulous care in pre-cooling a re
frigerator car for shipping dressed
poultry, always a matter of Impor
tance, is doubly so now, in the opinion
of food-research experts. The greater
necessity for care comes, in the first
place, of the fact that there is a na
tion-wide ice shortage. The second
important element is that, following
the stress of war-time transportation,
the refrigerator equipment of the coun
try is in a run-down condition. The
car should be carefully examined, the
experts say, to see that it admits not
even a pin point of light. Then it
should be tested and, if it fall short of
standard, there should be no hesita
tion about rejecting it and calling on
the railroad agent for a car that will
meet the requirements. Extreme care,
the experts believe, is essential just
now for the preservation of poultry in
transit, and the chief of the depart
ment’s food research laboratory has
just issued the following definite in
formation as to how satisfactory re
sults are to be attained:
Select Car Day Before Loading.
“When the refrigerator car is set for
icing, enter it and with doors and
hatches tightly closed look carefully
for any crack or point of daylight.
The car should be absolutely black
with not a pin point of light anywhere.
If there are distinct cracks around the
doors or hatches, the car will not main
tain sufficiently low temperature and
should not be iced for the hauling of
dressed poultry or any other commod
ity requiring ice and salt refrigeration.
Be sure also that the drain pipes are
open and in good working order.
“The selected car should be set for
Icing at least 24 hours before it is to
be loaded. Its bunkers should then
be filled three-quarters full with finely
broken ice; that is, no piece should be
larger than a man’s fist. When the
bunkers are three-quarters full, tamp
the ice down well so that all cracks
and crannies are filled. Then add one
quarter of the calculated amount of
salt on the 12 per cent basis. For in
stance, if the bunker holds 5,000
pounds of ice, when three-quarters full
it will contain 3,750 pounds. On top
of this amount of ice scatter 150
pounds of coarse gray rock salt. Mix
this salt very lightly with the top ice
and directly on top of it place more
crushed Ice until the bunker is full.
Then add the remainder of the calcu
lated amount of salt, which, in this
case, would be 450 pounds. Mix it
very lightly with the fine ice so that
the salt does not penetrate into the
mass of ice more than 4 or 5 inches;
level the surface and quickly close the
hatches.
Right Temperature Is 34 Degrees.
“With both bunkers so iced and salt
ed, the car should stand for 24 hours.
Then, in order to make sure that the
KEEP VEGETABLES IN WINTER
Temperature Slightly Above Freezing
Point Is Preferred for Beets,
Turnips and Carrots.
(By A. F. YEAGER, North Dakota Ag
ricultural College.)
Turnips, beets, and carrots will keep
best at a temperature slightly above
freezing. Cabbage will stand consid
erable freezing, and sajsify and pars
nips may be left in the soil over winter
if desired. Squashes and pumpkins
will keep best in a warm dry place.
A warm attic where it does not freeze
is good. Potatoes require a cool place
not too dry. .Cabbage and nearly all
root crops may be stored in the ground.
They must be put deep enough to be
below the frost line and should be sur
rounded with straw to keep them from
direct contact with the soil.
Get Rid of Old Canes.
Get rid of the old raspberry and
blackberry canes as soon as possible
after harvesting. They should be burn
ed to destroy both insect and disease
enemies.
temperature is right for loading, a man
provided with a thermometer should
enter as quickly as possible by open
ing one side of one dor, which should
be tightly closed immediately. The
man should stand midway between the
doors holding the thermometer about
4 feet from the floor until the mercury
has responded to the car temperature,
which ordinarily is accomplished in
from three to five minutes, depending
on the quality of the thermometer. The
temperature of the car at this point
should not be above 34 degrees F.
If it is more than 38 degrees at this
point, it is dangerous to load the car
for a haul requiring intensive refriger
ation. Unless the shipper is willing
to take chances on the condition in
which his load will arrive at the mar
ket, he should communicate with the
railroad agent and request a car which
is able to refrigerate the dressed poul
try properly.
“All refrigerator cars should be pro
vided with a floor rack 4 inches in the
clear, built of lengthwise stringers
made from 2 by 4 lumber and crosswise
slats made from 1 by 3 lumber, with
IVz inch spaces between. These cross
wise slats are nailed to the lengthwise
stringers. They do not interfere with
trucking the load into the car. They
should extend across the doorway,
since it is this part of the car which
is hardest to refrigerate and where
air circulation is most needed. All
railroad owned refrigerators as rapid
ly as possible are being equipped with
racks which are fastened to the side
walls so that they can be turned back
for cleaning.”
TREES GROW BEST ON SLOPES
Roughest Areas on Farm Present Most
Favorable Localities for Suc
cessful Growth.
(By W. J. MORRILL, Colorado Agricul
tural College, Fort Collins, Colo.)
Trees, especially cone bearing trees,
seem to prefer newly eroded soil.
Steep slopes are exposed to compara
tively rapid erosion and here trees
do the best. Level ground indicates
old soil, old in the sense that it was
derived from rock, as a rule, longer
ago than soil found on steep slopes.
Old soil probably contains an excess
of soluble salts, too much for best
tree growth.
In the mountains one sees the steep
slopes clothed with trees, while the
occasional flat spot is likely to be
bare of trees. The roughest areas on
the farm present the most favorable
localities for successful tree growing.
Popular Strawberry.
Everbearing strawberries are be
coming most as common as spring
bearing varieties. Progressive does
well on most soils and fruits until
the ground freezes.
Preparing Honey for Market.
After honey is removed from the
hive it should be prepared carefully
for market by proper cleaning of the
sections, and especially by grading and
packing in strict conformity with es
tablished grading rules.
Best Place for Manure.
Manure is often placed very near to
the trunks of trees. This may not hurt
the trees, but it is far better to have
It put where the fine roots get the
benefit.
Cut Out Old Canes.
Cut out all old canes of raspberries
and thin the new ones now. Thorough
cultivation about the plants will re
duce the insects that are apt to work
on the plants.
Shipping Comb Honey.
Comb honey that is to be sent to a
distant market should be shipped be
fore cold weather, since the combs be>
come extremely fragile when cold.
Good Late Forage.
Millet is good late-sown forage eub>
stitute.