Dewey County advocate. [volume], June 27, 1913, Image 3

About Dewey County advocate. [volume] (Timber Lake, S.D.) 1910-1913

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ERMANY'S excitement over the Krupp
scandal is not due alone to the raritj
of graft cases in- that country, or to tin
fact that it touches her in her most sen
sitive place—the army. It is due partlj
to the fact that the Krupp establishment
has come to be looked upon as a nation
al institution, and that every German
has been immensely proud of it as our
the glories of the Fatherland.
And now to discover that this great industrj
t»s stooped to the bribing of officials—a fact ad
.-^fritted by the Krupp firm, after the charge ha«
:|cen made in the reichstag—and that it had beeft
supplying French newspapers with material for
•'War-scare articles, so as to induce the German
government to buy more armament from tb«
i Krupps, Is more to Germany than a scandal. 21
la a catastrophe.
The charges were made In the reichstag by Dr.
iJUebknecht, the Socialist deputy, and in the col
umns of the Vorwaerts, the Socialist newspaper.
It is a coincidence that it was that newspaper
Which ten years ago printed another scandalous
'•tory about the Krupps, which caused the death
Of the then head of the works, Friedrich Alfred __
Krupp.
It was Impossible to refute him, because the
minister of war. Gen. von Heeringen, was obliged
to admit then and there that an inquiry was going
on which had already revealed that "one of the
Krupp officials" had bribed officers to reveal cer
tain information. The following day the Krupps
Issued a statement in which they admitted that.
representatives in Berlin had maintained
^friendly relations" with their former "comrades"
of the war department for the purpose of obtain
tug "business information," and had bestowed
Atnall present "on certain under officials."
It was on Friday that Liebknecht exploded!his
bomb and forced von Heeringen" to reveal ffia't
secret inquiry and on Saturday that the Krupps
made their admission of bribery. On Sunday the
Vorwaerts published the text of the instructions
Bent by the Deutsche Munitions und Waftenfabrik
to its Paris agent to "leave no stone unturned"«
to persuade some popular French newspaper to
publish a statement that France intended to dou
ble her orders for machine guns. The object was
to get the German government to order machine
guns from the Deutsche Munitions und Waffen
fabrik.
On Tuesday the popular indignation had risen
•O high that Gen. von Heeringen's plea for a sus
pension of judgment until his private inquiry had
done its work was forgotten. The budget commit
tte of the reichstag voted to appoint a parliamen
tary commission of inquiry into the scandal. This
commission, however, despite the protests of the
Socialists, was not vested with power to send for
persons and papers.
Although the Krupp works date from 1810, when
Friedrich .Krupp established his forge at Essen, It
was his son, Alfred Krupp, who was the real
founder of the industry. Friedrich died practical
ly bankrupt in 1S26, leaving little more than the
•ecret of his cast-steel process to his son, and it
was 30 years before any striking results were
achieved.
It was in 1810 that Friedrich Krupp purchased
small forge in Essen, where he devoted himself
to the problem of manufacturing cast steel, but
though the article was put on the market by him
In 1815 it commanded but little sale, and the firm
was anything but prosperous. He employed only
three workmen.
Alfred Krupp was born April 26, 1812, and at
the time of his father's death was only fourteen
jrears old. His mother carried on the works until
Alfred reached his majority, so that twice in the
history of the works have they been managed by
vomen. The present head of the industry Is
iertha Krupp, the granddaughter of the woman
Who became its manager in 1826.
The Krupps had so little money that Alfred, on
Ills father's death, was compelled to leave school
to assist his mother. He displayed a phenomenal
aptitude for the foundry business, and the worka
developed with increasing rapidity after his In
fluence was felt in their management. By 1848
the firm had expanded so that 122 workmen were
employed.
As late as 1848, the year in which his mother
relinquished the sole management of the works
to his hands, he melted the family plate to pay
workmen. Today the mighty industry fur
bishes
employment to a majority of the workmen
three cities and a dozen coal and iron mining
towns. The ships built from It, equipped with
Its steel, and armed with its cannon, are on all
the seas, and wherever steel Is used the name of
Krupp is known. The capital of the firm now la
«£out $60,000,000.
It was in 1847 that Krupp scored his first real
success, when he made a three-pounder muzzle
loading gun of cast steel. At the great London
exhibition of 1851 he exhibited a solid flawless
Ingot of cast steel weighing two tons, thus estab
lishing the fact that an important firm existed In
Germany capable of turning out samples of excel
lent workmanship. The Essen works were every
where spoken of, and the output watched with
the closest interest. The manufacture of weldless
gteel tires for railway vehicles was another In
vention which followed soon after.
The making of heavy ordnance, which has made
the name of these works famous the world over.
Was not then a prominent part of the business.
0ne of the first large orders he got for firearms
same (our |wi attar the London whitttioa.
mill
KRUPP SCAHDAI
•AMAZ!
AZRor&imr Gzmr- Rgc&rt'i&oifzrcz' a? 22n? J&SZZPPJ
Prussia gave him the contract for her new breech
loaders. The Khedive of Egypt followed this with
a large order for war material, and Russia fol
lowed with contracts for large quantities of new
weapons.
While the Essen works were designed for gen
eral foundry work, the output for many years has
consisted almost entirely of heavy guns but it
was not until 1846, 20 years after his father's
death and 36 years after the founding of the firm,
that Alfred Krupp began gunmaking. His .first
results were pieces of small caliber. As he be
came interested in the science, and as his dis
coveries in steel casting developed, the size and
weight of the cannon he was able to construct
Increased steadily until these war monsters, which
have become world-famous, became common oc
currences in the Essen works.
The Krupp field gun is the basis of the mobile
artillery of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Rus
sia, and Turkey. Under the administration of
Friedrich A. Krupp, Essen turned out the great
pieces which guard Germany's fortresses and are
mounted in her coast defenses. Krupp answered
Krupp from the emplacements of Port Arthur
against the siege batteries of Japan. And side
by side with the instruments of war Essen placed
a thousand and one steel products, illustrating
Alfred Krupp's first and chief maxim: "No good
steel without good iron," used In today's tools, ma
chinery, railroads, and ships.
Krupp ordnance has roared all over the world.
Some of the guns that fired at Dewey's squadron
at Manila came from Essen. The siege guns used
in the Franco-German war and In use at the
bombardment of Paris were from this factory,
and the Parisians' terror of them was not dimin
ished by the memory of one of the Krupp master
pieces which had been exhibited in their city in
1867. It weighed 15,000 kilograms, and made away
with $800 worth of powder and iron every time It
was fired. After that war the Krupps refused to
make cannon for France.
As the business grew collateral Industries were
developed, and Essen, which had been a tiny vil
lage, expanded to a town of over 100,000 inhabi
tants, all dependent on the Krupp industries. Coal
mines, coke ovens, iron mines, steamships, rail
roads, and blast furnaces were bought. In 1872
Alfred Krupp owned 414 iron ore diggings, and
when his son Friedrich died he owned over 500.
Upon Alfred's death, July 14, 1887, Friedrich
Krupp became the head of the establishment. It
has been said of him that he devoted himself to
the financial rather than the technical side of the
business, but in 1902, at the annual meeting in
London of the Iron and Steel institute, the Besse
mer gold medal for scientific research was award
ed to him. This is one of the highest honors that
can be paid to any man in the iron trade. It waa
given to him for his discoveries in the manufac
ture of armor plate. The son was thus following
In the footsteps of his father.
Both Alfred and Friedrich
A.
A.
Krupp declined
titles. One was offered to the father by King
William, afterward Emperor William I., In 1864,
and William's son, the present emperor, renewed
the ofTer to Krupp's soa. Neither would accept.
At the time of his death he was by far the rich
est man in Germany, and was called "the German
Morgan." The Imperial Income tax returns
showed that in the year before his death he had
a yearly Income of between 20,000,000 marks ($4.
769,000) and 21,000,000 marks. The second
wealthiest man In the empire had an Income of
ijMfcAOO mark*
He directed In his will that the firm should be
changed Into a stock company. This was done,
but Bertha Krupp, his daughter, who married Dr.
von Behlen und von Halbach, holds all but four
shares of this company. She is not only Ger
many's wealthiest woman, but Its wealthiest sub
ject and greatest taxpayer.
Hencer she has been called "the Queen of Es
sen," and "Our Lady of the Cannon," and other
romantic names. At the age of eighteen there
descended upon her the greatest industrial in
heritance the world has yet known. She was six
teen when her father died, and attained her ma
jority In 1904.
Essen is a city now of 150,000 population, and
It owes Its existence as a city to the Krupp works.
But there is hardly a city in the world which is
governed more in the communistic spirit than
this. It is one of the very earliest places in
which co-operative stores were established. They
have been in existence there for over 50 years.
"Bertha Krupp," says one writer, "may be the
'queen' of Essen, but her workmen conduct their
own affairs without molestation. She limits her
'interference' to gifts of money, by which institu
tions of mutual good to the workmen may be
established."
From the three me.n whom Friedrich Krupp
employed, the 122 whom Alfred Krupp had in his
employ 20 years after he took charge, the force
working for the Krupps had grown to 50,00 u at
the death of Friedrich A. Krupp in 1902. The
establishment now comprises 60,000 workmen and
6,750 engineers and clerks.
The works comprise five separate groups, the
first of which is the Essen Steel works, with prov
ing grounds at Meppen, Tanger-Hutte, and Essen.
This group includes the Milhofener-Hutte, with
Its four blast furnaces the Herman-Hutte, with
three blast furnaces, and the Sayner-Hutte, with
coal and iron mines.
The second group is the Friedrich-Alfred Iron
works in Rhelnhausen the third, the Annen Steel
works the fourth, the Gruson Machine works, at
Magdeburg-Buckau, and the fifth, the Germania
shipyards, at Kiel.
The Essen Steel works alone comprise some
sixty-odd departments, covering an area of about
600 acres, and housing 7,200 machine tools, 17
roll trains, 187 hammers, 81 hydraulic presses,
397 steam boilers, and 569 steam engines, more
than 2,200 electric motors, and 900 cranes.
Almost in the center of the Essen works stands
the original Krupp factory and a family house,
maintained Intact, in accordance with the direc
tions of Alfred Krupp. It bears this inscription:
"Fifty years ago this cottage was the home of
my parents. May none of our workmen have to
go through the struggle which the building up of
these works has cost us. The success which now
so splendidly has rewarded our faith, our anxiety,
and our efforts, was doubtful during twenty-five
long years.
"Let this example serve as an encouragement
to others in difficulties. May it Increase the re
spect for the many small houses and the great
sorrows which often dwell in them.
"The object of work must be mutual welfare
the work Is blessed, then work is prayer. May
all, from the highest to the lowest amongst us,
work* with the same earnestness to found and
secure his owa future success. That's my great
est wish.
"Essen. February, 1873, twenty-flvu years after
j^MSuming charga, ALFBBD
INFANT MORTALITY IS LOWER I
Efforts of Health Officials During Last
Wve Years Have Brought Down
Death List in Cities.
What the American cities are fly
ing and can do toward preventing in
fant mortality and the high death
rate of children under five years of
age is the subject of a bulletin issued
by the children's bureau of the de
partment of labor. It is the purpose
of the bureau io issue a similar bul
letin annually and in time to make
it a complete manual for municipal
and philanthropic activities in the di
rection of child welfare. Summer
campaigns for babies' lives have been
waged with such marvelously good
effect in some cities, that it seems to
the bureau important to enlist the
energies of as many cities in this
work as possible. To this end it will
be helpful to collect and present for
the information of all, the little or
much that is being done by the vari
ous cities.
The efforts of city health officials
have resulted in the last ten years
in reducing the general death rate
in cities, below that of the rural dis
tricts and villages. This reduction in
the general death rate is an encourag
ing indication of what Is possible of
accomplishment in efforts to reduce
the infant death rate. Babies die of
diseases which to a large extent are
preventable, and thus when welfare
work is directed toward saving their
lives the response Is immediate- and
decided.
Got Leg First.
Profiting by past experience, Mrs.
Annie Boloski of Chester, Pa., saved
herself a severe beating at the hands
of her husband, she says, resorting to
tactics that had been used by Boloski
on previous occasions.
When Mrs. Boloski was arraigned
before Alderman Carter on the charge
of assault and battery preferred by her
husband, John Boloski, she admitted
that she was guilty of the charge, but
she acted in self-defense.
"If she hadn't yanked off my wood
en leg and beat me over the head with
it I wouldn't have had her arrested,"
Boolski declared.
Mrs. Boloski stated that her hus
band had been in the habit of chastis
ing her with his wooden leg, and that
on this occasion she simply- "heat him
to it."
Highest Tower In the World.
Should Buenos Ayres carry out a
project now under contemplation the
city will erect the highest tower in
the world, overtopping that of Eiffel
by 189 feet. It is planned to put the
steel structure up a height of 1,173
feet, and a statue at the top will be
surmounted with an electric light of
1,000,000 candlepower. The tower, as
planB have beeq drawn, will have fa
cilities for social gatherings, cafes,
restaurants, library, billiard rooms,
gymnasium, as well as a wireless tele
graphic station and a meteoroligal ob
servatory.
The Tortures of Prickly Heat
and all skin affections are quickly al
leviated and in a short time complete
ly cured by using Tyree's Antiseptic
Powder. 25c. at drug^sts. For free
sample write J. S. Tyree, Chemist,
Washington, D. C.—Adv.
Evening Ccncert.
"Darn those cats!" "Don't shoot,
Abner. I think the one with the Con
tralto voice is our Tabby."
Natural Result.
"They tried the new play on the
dog." "What happened?' "The angel
got bitten."
California orange growers are ex
perimenting with electric heaters to
protect their trees from frost.
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