The Wyandotte herald., October 10, 1941, Image 2

About The Wyandotte herald. (Wyandotte, Mich.) 1879-1943

Image provided by: Central Michigan University, Clark Historical Library

                
THE
.WYANDOTTE HERALD
J. D. Harm & Son, Publishers
. n Oak Bt:eet PljoDe 0006
Issat-d Every Friday at
Wyandotte, Mich.
Entered at the Wyandotte, Mich.,
as second class matter.
Bub-cription Price, SI.OO Per Year
ESTABLISHED 1878
An Ordinance
AN ORDINANCE to provide tor the
regulating and licensing of those oc
cupied in the business of fumigating
or disinfecting and provide a penalty
for violation thereof.
SECTION 1. —No person, firm, part
nership. association, or corporation
shall engage, in the City of Wyan
dotte. in the business ol exterminating
insects, vermin, rodents, or other pest
including germs, by the process of
fumigation, in which process ot fumi
gation is used hydrocyanic u< id gas or
other poisonous noxious or dangerous
gases, fumes or vapors, specified by
the Hoard of Health of the City ot
Wyandotte as liable to affect human
beings by causing severe sickness or
death, without hi si having til»*d an
application with the Hoard of Health
and obtained a tumigant owners li
cense, theretor as hereinafter provid
ed.
Any person, him. partnership, as-
Filiation, or corporation, desiring to
obtain such a license, shall tirst tile
with the Hoard of Health in tin* City
ol Wyandotte an application stating
the following:
(a i The name. age. and address ot
the applicant
lb i Qualitiiations of the applicant,
(ci It an employee, the name and ad
dress of present employer.
(d * It applicant be a corporation :
1. Full and accurate corporate
name.
2 When and where incorporated.
2. Full names and addresses ot
officers of corporation.
(e i If applicant he a partnership, the
names and addresses of members
thereof.
(f i If the applicant conducts business
under a trade or assumed name,
the following additional informa
tion —
1. Complete and lull trade name.
2. The name of the person or per
sons doing business under such
trade or assumed name.
SECTION 2. — No person shall en
gage in the City of Wyandotte in the
trade, work or occupation ot an ex
terminator or funiigator ot insects.
Vermin, rodents or other pest, includ
ing germs, by the process of fumiga
tion. in which process of fumigation
is used hydrocyanic acid gas. or other
poisonous noxious or dangerous gases,
fumes or vapors specified by the Board
©f Health of the City of Wyandotte as
liable to affect human beings by caus
ing severe sickness or death, without
first having tiled an application with
the said Board of Health and obtained
a fumigant operator license therefor
as hereinafter provided
SECTION 3.—No person shall en
gage in the City of Wyandotte in the
trade, work or occupation of a guard
or watchman at any building, struc
ture, room, enclosed space, or part
thereof, where, for the purpose of ex
terminating insects, vermin, rodents
or other pest, including germs, by the
process of fumigation, in which proc
ess of fumigation is used hydrocyanic
acid gas. or other poisonous, noxious
or dangerous gases, tuines or vapors
specified by the Board of Health of the
City of Wyandotte as liable to affect
human beings by causing severe sick
ness or death, without first having
filed an application with the said
Board of Health and obtained a fumi
gant guard license therefor as herein
after provided.
SECTION 4—The Board of Health
in the City of Wyandotte should have
an investigation and examination
made as to the training, experience,
general qualifications, character, repu
tation. and fitness of the applicants for
licenses under the provisions of this
ordinance. Based on the finding:- of
the investigation and examination the
said Hoard of Health shall duly cer
tify the issuance of a license to appli
cants it .finds and considers reliable
and safe to take part in any of the
operations of the said business of fu
migation under the requirements of
this ordinance. Applicants duly certi
fied by the Board of Health as quali
fied to receive licenses to engage in
the fumigating business under this or
dinance may obtain said licenses to
engage in >aid practices upon the pay
ment of the license fees hereinafter
specified and a filing of a bond, if re
quired. Su» h licenses shall be issued
by the City Clerk of the City of Wyan
dotte.
The >iiin <*f Five l$5.00) dollars
shall he charged each applicant for a
license to engage in the business as a
fumigant owner, exterminating or fu
migating by the use of such gases or
fumes as hereinbefore mentioned. No
license shall be issued such applicant
except upon the surrender by him or
It to the City Clerk of a certificate of
qualification, issued by the Board of
Health and the filing by the said ap
plicant. as hereinafter provided, of an
indemnity lx>iid in the sum
of SIO.tKNMJO, said bond to
be either a surety bond or to be se
cured by adequate real estate, in the
name of the surety, and in addition to
said bond, the said fumigant owner
shall deposit with the City Clerk a
policy, certificate of insurance or a
photostatic copy ot a publi* liability
insurance policy, acceptable to and
approved by the City Attorney, insur
ing the fumigant owner and indemni
fying the public in the sum of at least
$0,000.00 i Five Thousand) for the in
jury nr death of one i**rson and $lO,-
QOO.oo 'Ten Thousandi for the injury
« r death of two or more persons injured
in any one accident as a result of any
fumigation, resulting from the u<e of
poisonous gases by said fumigant own
er or agent or employees thereof, in
the manner provided for herein, which
bond or public liability insurance shall
ftasure to the benefit of any person or
persons, their heirs, executors, admin
istrators, and/or assigns, who may re
ceive bodily illness, injuries or suffer
death by reason of the negligence or
the misconduct or violation of the
rules of the Board of Health, respect
ing the uses of such gases or fumes by
said fumigant owner, or any agents or
employees thereof, engaged in the bus
iness of exterminating and fumigat
ing. as herein set forth. Each appli
cant shall furnish with his applica
tion proper endorsement of the insur
ance company showing the issuance
of the insurance hereinbefore re
quired. which endorsement shall be
kept on tile in the office of the City
Clerk, and no license shall be valid in
the event of the cancellation of said
insurance.
The sum of One Isl,ool Dollar
shall be charged each applicant for a
fumigant operator license and the sum
of one I*l.ool Dollar shall be
charged each applicant for a fumigant
guard license.
All permits and licenses granted
hereunder shall expire on the first
Monday of June of the Year following
the day of its issuance.
No fumigation shall he performed in
the City of Wyandotte with hydrocy
anic acid gas. or other poisonous, nox
ious or dangerous gases, fumes or va
pors specified by the Board of Health
of tin* City of Wyandotte as liable t»»
affect human beings by causing se
vere sickness or death, without a writ
ten permit therefor from tin* said
Hoard of Health and the fee for such
piia.it -ball be Two »X2.4M1 1 Dollar-.
It -hall be the duty of the licensed
operator to place and maintain said
permit in a conspicuous place, unob
sirin ted to the public view, on the
premises where the fumigation i> in
process.
SECTION a. — When the said hydro
i yanic acid gas or other poisonous,
noxious or dangerous fumes or vapors
are used in the City of Wyandotte t'oi
exterminating or fumigating purpose,
the following method of procedure
.-ball be followed:
ia* Notification of Occupants and
Adjoining Occupants and Vacating ol
ITeinises: No building, structure,
room, enclosed space, or part thereof,
within the hereinafter described dan
ger area, shall, during the period of
fumigation and airing, be occupied by
human beings or domestic animals.
At least two hours before releasing
ihe said gases, fumes or vapors the
operator shall personally inspect the
premises and shall serve notice on a
printed form approved by the Hoard
of Health upon all responsible occu
pants of each building, structure,
room, enclosed space, or part thereof,
within the danger area, and said no
tice shall contain, in addition to other
requested information, the following:
1 The dangerous characteristics ol
tile gas to be*Used.
2. The precautions to be observed.
The area to be vacated.
I How long the area must remain
vacated.
5. The items of food and material
that should be removed, and
6. That children under six i » years
of age will not he permitted to en
ter the premises for at least twen
ty-four (24) hours after the said
premises are opened for airing
Where the walls of any adjoining,
adjacent or contiguous building, struc
ture, room, enclosed space, or part
thereof, are located within ten (10)
feet of the places to be gassed, the
operator shall. In addition to the above
notice, also serve upon the responsible
occupants of such places that have
windows or other openings in the said
walls directly opposite or above the
area to be gassed, a further notice
that such windows or openings must
remain closed and the rooms vacated
during the period of fumigation, flush
ing and airing. All other rooms, apart
ments. enclosed spaces, or parts there
of. not under gas in the building being
fumigated shall he well ventilated dur
ing the process by keeping the win
dows of such rooms, apartments, en
closed spaces, or parts thereof, open.
(In The Danger Area. The danger
area shall include those portions of
any structure or dwelling under gas
which lie within the boundary of the
outside walls of the building, the roof,
and the basement or cellar floor, and
such cut-off or lire walls as may exist
in the structure in question. Such cut
off or tire walls shall be of solid ma
sonry. gas tight, at least eight (S)
inches in thickness extending from
the basement or cellar through the
attic, with all openings locked and
guarded against entry and effectively
sealed against gas leakage. If. after
investigation by the Hoard of Health,
it is found that occupants of any other
building, structure, room, enclosed
space, or part thereof, may he endan
gered by such fumigation, the said
Hoard may order such place or places
to lie included in the danger area.
11* i Persons qualified to Perform
Dangerous Work: No person other
than a duly licensed operator shall
release said cyanide gas or other pois
onous. noxious or dangerous gases,
fumes or vapors in any room or en
closure. or enter into any rooms under
gas for any purpose whatsoever. This
section shall not apply to inspectors
ot the Department of Health duly
authorized to investigate into the use
of said gases, fumes or vapors.
•d i Sealing Rooms Before Releas
ing (las: Before fumigation, it is re
quired that the operator shall seal all
cracks. * revii es and apertures in por
i.us walls and floors in such a way as
will confine the gas to the premises
intended to be treat* d.
lei Locking Rooms and Adjoining
Rooms i.r Apartments: Before fumi
gation. it is required that the opera
tor shall personally inspect all rooms
and apartments ordered vacated under
Section 5. subdivision ia i. and be as
sunri that they are uno*-cupied by
persons or domestic animals, after
which all exterior doors to the struc
ture. excepting one exit door used by
the fumigating operator, shall be se
• ureiy locked and sealed w ith a metal
seal or lock approved by the Health
Department. In addition, such win
dows or other wstfi openings as might
possibly be used to gain entrance shall
be securely fastened. Immediately up
on generating the gas. the door
through which The operator leaves
shall be securely linked and sealed
with such approved metal seal or lock
and keys to all rooms or apartments
ordered vacated retained by the opera
tor. Ah an additional precaution, all
exterior doors shall be placarded. It
shall be unlawful for any person, ex
cept a licensee under this ordinance,
or a member of the Police or Fire De
partment. or a representative of the
Hoard of Health, to break the said tnet
al seal or lock or to remove or deface
the said warning card.
(f) Warning Card: Prior to the
fumigation suitable warning signs
shall be posted on all doors or en
trances to the premises to be fumi
gated as follows:
CROSSBONES CROSSBONES
AND AND
SKULL SKULL
THIS WILL KILL YOU
DANGER
FUMIGATED WITH (STATE NAME
OF CHEMICAL OR GAS >
POISON DO NOT ENTER
Name of Fumigant Owner:
Address:
i Telephone No.
! Name of Fumigant Operator in
Charge:
Such signs shall be printed in red
! ink on white cardboard and tlie word
| "Danger” shall he in letters at least
two (2i inches in size. At night, such
<igns shall be so illuminated as to
'make the reading thereon plainly legi
ble. Where the natural light between
sunrise and sunset is dim the said
signs shail be artificially illuminated
in a manner approved by the Depart
ment of Health.
igi Guard: If is required that
when* vet The said hydrocyanic gas. or
oTher poisonous, noxious or dangerous
gases, lumes. or vapors, is generated
in any building, structure, room, en
i-)osed space, or part therein, in the
City of Wyandotte, a sufficient number
(it reliable, capable and alert licensed
' guard." >hall remain on duty at the en
trance or entrances to the said build
ing. structure, room, enclosed space,
or part thereof, vacated for gassing,
as to obtain a full and unobstructed
view of all possible entrances to the
said place vacated for gassing and to
keep people from entering while gas
is present and for a minimum period
of twelve »12i hours after the said
place vacated for gassing is opened for
airing. However, if said place vacat
ed tor gassing requires a longer pe
riod of time for properly clearing it of
dangerous amounts of gasses, or fumes
due to weather conditions or improper
ventilation, it shall be the responsibil
ity of the operator in charge to prop
erly air said place and said guards
shall remain on duty during this time.
The licensed operator shall be held
strictly responsible and accountable
for the conduct of the guards or
watchmen. Licensed operators shall
give all guards definite and proper in
structions. and shall visit the prem
ises being fumigated at regular two
<2* hour intervals during the process
to insure that the property is properly
guarded. Nothing herein contained
shall prohibit any duly licensed fumi
gating contractor or operator from
acting as a guard.
i (h) Removal of Food: Before fu
migation. the operator shall see that
all ice. food and drink are removed
from the rooms ordered vacated, ex
cept that such food as is in sealed air
tight containers and those food prod
uc ts whic h must be boiled or cooked
before serving need not be removed.
ti) Fire: All fires within the
premises under gas shall be put out.
I (j) Container for Ingredients: For
containing the ingredients, a deep
stoneware or crockery jar is recom
mended.
(k) Spilling of Cyanide: Great
cate must be taken that no cyanide
crystals be dropped on the floor or left
exposed where people or domestic an
imals may come in contact with them.
(l) Ingredients: (a) The ingredi
ents for generating hydrocyanic acid
gas shall be of such quality and shall
be mixed in such proportion as will
liberate sufficient gas to completely
fill the rooms or apartments treated.
j (b) Warning Gas: The Board of
Health may prescribe that an expul
sive gas. stink gas. or tear gas, shall
be mixed with the said hydrocyanic
acid gas or other poisonous, noxious
or dangerous gases, fumes or vapors,
to he used in the- process of fumiga
tion. specifying in whatever detail it
shall de*t*ni necessary the time and
method for the generation or release
of such warning stink or tear gases
to Explosive of Inflammable Fu
migant: The use of any explosive or
inflammable gases, fumes, vapors, li
quids or substances for the purpose ot
fumigation is hereby prohibited un
less the explosive or inflammable na
ture is eliminated by the addition o:
other substances.
| tmi Opening of Rooms After Gass
ing: At the conclusion of the gassing
process, whic h shall consume not less
than six ifii hours, it shall be the
duty of the operator to throw open
doors and windows of the premises
j starting at the basement or first floor
and continuing through the upper
floors of the structure, until all room
have been opened for free access ot
air. No person, other than the opera
, tor or operators, shall be permitted to
enter the premises until all traces of
the gas have disappeared and the
operator has declared the premises
| sate for human occupancy as herein
alter provided. In no case, however,
shall the occupants of the rooms o’
areas gassed be permitted to enter un
til twelve 112» hours after airing be
gins, and infants and children six tfi'
years of age shall not be permitted to
enter the premises until twenty-four
124 i hours after airing begins. The
licensed operator shall be responsible
tor informing all occupants having
c hildren of this ‘provision. No build
ing. structure, room, enclosed space,
or part thereof, after having been fu
inigated. shall be declared safe for
human occupancy until the operator
<a» shall have inspected, without gas
mask or other means of protection,
every part of the premises: tb) shali
have opened all windows, top and hot
tom. all doors and other means of ven
tilation in every part of the premises
and kept them open for a period of
not less than twelve (12) hours; (d
shall have opened all drawers, closets
and similar places in every part of tb*
premises and kept them open for a
period of not less than twelve (12»
hours; tdi shall have removed from
i>eds and aired all mattresses, bedding,
pilluws and blankets and aired cloth-
ing in every part of the premises; and
te) shall have certified as a result of
a final inspection of the premises that
the entire premises are safe for hu
man occupancy.
Such certificate shall state that the
premises are safe for human occu
pancy and shall be conspicuously post
ed in all the entrances to the prem
ises. Such certificate shall be signed
by the operator and the date and hour
when such signature is affixed shall
be therein set forth.
(n) The residue left in the jars or
! containers shall be poured down the
toilet bowl, which shall then be flushed
thoroughly with water to remove all
traces of the chemicals.
to) Report of Premises Fumigat
ed: It shall be the duty of every per
son intending to generate or release
i cyanide gas for fumigation purposes,
to notify in writing, the Sanitary En
gineer of the Board of Health, or his
authorized assistants, of the location
of the building to be fumigated as well
as its character, and the day and hour
when the work will be performed.
Surh notification must be received in
the office of the Hoard of Health forty
eight t 4N) hours prior to the release
of the gas. Such person or persons in
tending to release cyanide gas for fu
migating purposes must also notify,
in writing, the Fire Department and
the Police Department of the date and
hour of the fumigation, forty-eight
* 4' ► hours in advance of the release of
the__gas. After proper notification to
the Health. Fire and Police Depart
ments. the funiigator may proceed
with tilt* work only after having se
cured the said written permit from
the Hoard of Health. It shall be the
duty of the said Police Department to
have a police officer visit the premises
at regular intervals during the proc
ess of fumigation to insure that the
provisions of this ordinance are being
carried out and to take any further
and appropriate action necessary to
insure that the property is properly
guarded.
tp) The use of the said hydrocy
anic acid gas or other poisonous, nox
ious or dangerous gases, fumes, or va
pors for night fumigation work is
hereby prohibited unless special per
mission is granted by the Department
of Health twenty-four (24) Jioujs in
advance of the hour that the actual
tufnigution is to begin. Permits for
night fumigation shall be granted on
ly with the stipulation that the fumi
gating operator he required to remain
on the premises being fumigated dur
ing the entire process of fumigation.
SECTION t>. —This ordinance and
the various parts, sections, and clauses
thereof are hereby declared to be sev
erable. If any part, sentence, para
graph. section or clause is adjudged
unconstitutional or invalid, it is here
by provided that the remainder of the
ordinance shall not be affected there
by.
SECTION 7. —This ordinance shall
take effect fifteen (15> days after its
final passage and publication, accord
ing to the Charter of the City of
Wyandotte.
SECTION S. —Any person, firm or
corporation violating any of the pro
visions of this ordinance shall upon
conviction thereof be punished by a
fine not to exceed Five Hundred
($500.00) Dollars or by imprisonment
in the Detroit House of Correction for
a period not to exceed ninety (DO)
days, or both such fine and imprison
ment in the discretion of the Court.
ON THE QUESTION "SHALL THIS
ORDINANCE NOW PASS'* the fol
lowing vote was recorded:
Roll Call
Yeas: Coiincilmen Hehni. ' Br*»hl.
Burke. Mason. Schultz.
Nays: None.
LOUIS W. BEHM,
Mayor.
LAWRENCE J. LatCOUKSE.
City Clerk.
I. Lawrence J. LaCourse, City Clerk
of the City of Wyandotte, hereby cer
tify that the foregoing Ordinance was
duly passed at a regular session of
the City Council of the City of Wyan
dotte held on the 7th day of
ID4I. signed by the Mayor of said City
and published in the Wyandotte Her
ald. a iie\vspa|H*r published in said
City nf Wyandotte, on R'th and 17th
of October. 11)41.
LAWRENCE J. LiO f *SE.
41 w 2 Ci(^Jphfk.
Opportunities Are Still H?re
Several years ago Joseph M cnel
man of Roxburv, Mass.,
years out of Harvard, extracted doz
ens of scientifically andt commer
cially valuable products out of old
shoes and scrap leather. The al
chemist of old failed to transmute
base metals into goid, but Michel
man succeeded in making gold in
directly from old shoes. Among oth
er things he extracted from old
shoes, chrome oxide green, the only
perfectly permanent green known.
Then he obtained animal charcoal,
used in filtering and bleaching; gas
for fuel; pyrocatechol, a photographic
developer; indole, a perfume base
and principal c omponent of. jas
mine: an antiseptic better than iodo*
; form; tropacocaine, a local anes
thetic superior to cocaine, as well
as fats and oils ar.d many other
products.
Origin of ‘Nazi’
Nazi is an abbreviation for a
mouthful of Teutonic meaning Ger
man National Socialist Worker par
ty Nationalsozialistische party —
Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Ar
beiter-Partei— founded in 1919 and
reorganized under Hitler ii 1925.
Nazi, in other words, is nos, as is
sometimes erroneously assumed, a
composite of the first, ' second,
eleventh and twelfth letters of Na
tionalsozialistische, but a phonetic
representation of its first tw r o sylla
bles Nati, correctly pronounced, in
j the German language, naht-si. Be
■ fore coming into prominence as a
political designation, Nazi was a
familiar diminutive of Ignaz or Ig
-1 natz. this circumstance undoubtedly
; paving the way for its easy ac
ceptance in its later sense.
Industries Expand
Research Rapidly
2,350 Companies Use 70,033
Persons in This W ork.
WASHINGTON. lndustrial re
search has now become one of the
major activities of business in this
country, with 2.350 companies em
ploying 70.033 persons exclusively in
research work. The annual cost of
these activities exceeds $300,000,000
and absorbs about 6 per cent of the
net income of industry, according to
a report of the national research
council and the national resources
planning board.
Professionally trained persons
now engaged in industrial research
include 15,700 chemists, 14,980 engi
neers, 2,030 physicists, 1,955 metal
lurgists, and about an equal number
of bacteriologists and biologists. An
additional 33,480 persons are em
ployed in technical, administrative
and clerical positions.
In 1920 only about 300 laboratories
were engaged in research activities,
qnd the personnel was about 9.300.
In addition to industrial plants,
the federal government maintains
many research laboratories which
co-operate in industrial activities
that promise to redound to the pub
lic good, among them the labora
tories of the bureau of agricultural
chemistry and engineering. The de
partment of agriculture is now build
ing four new regional research
laboratories which will give co
operative assistance to industrial re
search plants. The bureau of stand
ards is also frequently called upon
to assist in trade association re
search activities.
Latest statistics show that the
chemical and allied industries em
ploy the greatest number of re
search workers. Next come the
petroleum, electrical communication
and electrical machinery, and the
rubber industries.
B.V.D. Is Air Industry’s
Own Alphabetical Agency
WASHINGTON. America’s air
craft industry, it was disclosed by
P. G. Johnson, president of the Boe
ing Aircraft company of Seattle, has
taken a leaf from the government's
book of alphabetical agencies and
created one of its own—the B.V.D.
committee—as part of the country's
national defense and aid-to Britain
program.
The committee, consisting of 60
engineers and other technicians, de
rived its designation from the three
West coast plants which supplied
its personnel—Boeing, Vega and
Douglas. It was organized when the
war department and the Office ol
Production Management decided to
speed up the production of long
range, four-engine bombers, in the
President’s new production goal of
500 such ships a month in the de
fense and aid-to-Britain program,
by having Boeing “flying fortresses’’
built not only in Seattle but also by
the Vega Airplane company, a Lock
heed subsidiary, and the Douglas
Aircraft company, in the Los An
geles area.
Infant Mortality Cut *
Heavily in 20 Years
TORONTO.—Infant mortality in
the United States has declined by
45 per cent over a period of 20 years,
and the death rate among children
from 1 to 14 years old has decreased
by 60 per cent. Dr. Louis I. Dublin
told the annual meeting of the
American Institute of Actuaries
here.
Dr. Dublin, who is vice president
and statistician of the Metropolitan
Life Insurance company, presented
the figures in a study of infant mor
tality made jointly with Mortimer
Spiegelman of the same company.
The improvement has been accel
erated in the past decade, the report
stated, pointing out that in the years
1920- 29 infant mortality declintd
23 per cent, while in the years 1930-
39 it declined 30 per cent.
“Equally important, there is nc
sign of slackening in the rate ol
improvement.” the report s'aid. It
added that such extraordinarily low
mortality rates have been reached
by some of the ages within the 1 tc
14-year group that further appreci
able reduction appears difficult.
Overly Cautious Driver
Called Safety Hazard
ANN ARBOR. MICH.—The mental
and physical incompetents aren’t
the only hazards to highway traffic
safety, in the opinion of Dr. Lowell
S. Selling.
Dr. Selling, attached to Detroit
recorder's court psychopathic clinic,
finds equally potentially harmful the
indifferent, the indolent, the overly
cautious and tne irritable motorists.
Also dangerous, he thinks, are
farmers, who. after the slow tempo
of the country, find metropolitan
traffic bewildering and drive around
as on open roads.
Girls Now Sailors
On Russian Vessels
MOSCOW. Girls are being
taken aboard Soviet vessels to
serve as sailors and na\igators,
Kimsomol Pravda, paper of the
Communist youth organization,
announced.
It said the White Sea Onega
Steamship line had given jobs to
30 girls, some of them veterans of
the Finnish war.
Ocean Water for Life
Necessary for Seafish
Sea water has been studied with
great care and we know the things
which ate to be found in it. These
include magnesium sulphate and
calcium sulphate, also iodine and
salt.
Salt is the chief thing which can
be taken from sea water. It has
been figured that one cubic mile of
water in the Atlantic ocean con
tains 128.284,000 tons of common
salt!
Think of how many billions and
trillions of tons of salt there are in
the oceans of the world! People
need a certain amount of salt for
good health, but we should never
w’orry about using it all up. One
small bay of the ocean has enough
salt to last the human race for
thousands of years.
It would seem a simple thing to
provide “home-made” ocean water
for occ .in fish in an aquarium. We
migh' supixise ail that need be done
is to put fresh water in the tanks
and add the salt and chemicals
which exist in ocean water.
That has been done, but when
ocean fish were placed in the water
they died soon afterward. Men who
take care of aquariums know what
to do, however. In a tank of
“home-made ocean water” a small
amount of real ocean water is
poured.
The real ocean water should be
about one-tenth of all the water that
goes into the tank. Inside of a week
all the water in the tank will be
“alive.” Salt water fish can live in
it and keep their health.
Certain plants, as well as fish, will
live only in ocean water. Many
kinds of seaweed grow in salt wa
ters of the world.
Water plants of a number of kinds
are found in lakes and rivers, and
often we call them seaweeds. Yet
the ocean is the place where true
seaweeds grow.
Turn Paper-Mill Waste
Into Valuable Products
The paper industry is one of the
biggest buyers of heavy chemicals.
Now it is producing chemicals of
its own. When paper-milling states
began to pass law’s against dump
ing paper-mill waste into streams,
the chemist found an excellent way
out for the paper companies. Now,
much of the waste is turned into
valuable new products which pro
vide an additional source of profit.
More than 50 per cent of today’s
vanilla flavoring for ice cream and
confectionery comes from paper-mill
waste. Plastics have already been
made on a small scale lrom the
same material, and large-scale pro
duction is anticipated. Other im
portant by-products are used to
waterproof cement, to tan leather
and as a source of medicines. Ad
ditional by-products are activated
carbon, used for filtering sugar and
beer, and liquid rosin or pine oil,
used in the manufacture of soap,
ink and textiles and in mineral flota
tion.
The research laboratories of the
paper industry now hope to recover
from the processing of wood made
into paper, the w’hole range of valu
able chemical products that are
currently obtained from coal, the
wood of prehistoric ages.
Bath for Blood
One of the spectacular demonstra
tions at the American Medical as
sociation meeting in New York was
given by Dr. Emmet K. Knott, phys
icist of Seattle, Wash. He has de
veloped an apparatus for giving
the human blood an ultra-violet ray
bath. A pint of human blood is
drawn out, subjected to ultra-violet
rays for a few seconds, then pumped
back into the patient’s body.
This. irradiated blood appears to
hasten the cure of the patient. In
all sorts of serious infectious dis
eases, the method has bet*n most
effective.
Dr. Linus Pauling, of the Califor
nia Institute of Technology, pub
lished a theory that is axpected to
aid scientists in synthetic produc
tion of antibodies. As is well known,
these antibodies are the specific
chemicals which the body produces
to resist and overcome disease
germs.
Potato Controversy
Peeling potatoes, to modern house
wives, is a sin. Potato jackets,
they firmly believe, are rich in anti
scurvy vitamin C, while the potato’s
inside is little more than starch and
water. Recently the British Medi
cal Journal laughed at this asser
tion, referred to some new research
of a food chemist, Mamie Olliver.
The ascorbic acid (vitamin C) con
tent of potatoes, she found, is more
than skin deep. In fact, said the
Journal, the amount of vitamin “in
creases from without inwards. This
admirable vegetable—by no means
to be neglected for its contribution
of iron and aneurm (vitamin Bl)
may have a rough exterior, but
clearly conceals beneath it a heart
of ascorbic acid:”
Adding Life Sandbags
The defense research program
has developed a method of treating
sandbags so that they will give more
satisfactory service military or
civilian. Preparedness for floods
calls for huge reserve supplies.
Countries engaged in warfare re
quire hundreds o 4 millions of sand
bags to protect civilian life and
property and for use m combat
areas.