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G) BE I AM .. SHOULDER TO SHOULDER. No- 7. RUGBY, MORGAN CO., TENN!, SATURDAY, AUGUST 13, 1881. PRICE FIVE CENTS. W J&ugfoian. RUGBY, MORGAN CO., TENN., SATURDAY, AUGUST Wi, 1881. "The Ruobeian" is published weekly at the Publishing Offices, Central Avenue, Rugby, Morgan Co., Tcnn. ...,''. "ITS AIMS. 1st. To promote a cordial feeling of brotherhood not only between the two divisions of the English-speaking race, but also between the different sections of this country. 2nd. To let all interested know, from time to time, how Rugby is getting on ; what the llug beians are doing and thinking about, and what they can say as to the prospects of the settlement and neighbourhood. 3rd. By discussion in a broad spirit to face any differences of opinion that may arise, affect ing the welfare of Rugby, and by such discussion to arrive at any rate at an amic able agreement to differ. TERMS: Three Months ... Six Months, ... Twelve Months ... $1.00 Postpaid. 1.50 2.50 ii Our English friends can remit by registered letter or P.O.O. on Cincinnati, Ohio. ADVERTISING RATES. One Inch, per Insertion $ 1.00 10.00 15.00 25.00 20.00 30.00 45.00 30.00 40.00 60.00 40.00 80.00 100.00 n ti Three Months Six Months 'I'm n Li n Yfnr.lil Quarter Column, Three Months ... Six Months Twelve Months Half Column, Three Months Six Months Twelve Months Whole Column, Three Months Six Months ' Twelve Months TERMS CASH. Address -EDITOR RUGBEIArV centrXl "avenue," rugby, tenn. The cultivation of the grape is a sub ject that is engrossing the attention of a large number of practical men in this section of the United States. As one travels over the Cumberland Plateau and sees the strange similarity that some of the northern hill-side slopes bear to'some of the best wine-growing districts of France and Germany, one becomes lm pressed with the idea that nature must have specially designed this part of the country for the wine centre of the South. Many people imagine that vine growing necessitates a large amount of capital but this is a mistaken idea and there are many successful vineyard proprietors to day who started on a very small sum 'indeed. Three or four hundred vines can be bought for $15 or $20 and though of course, this is a small sum to start with still it is sufficient to make a beginning, and the number can easily be increased by hereafter growing one's own vines. At all events a start is everything and we would urge upon our fellow-townsmen the great desirability of making that start. Mr. Blacklock and Messrs. Mil mow & Virgo have already decided upon casting in their lot as grape cultivators and we hope others will follow their example. That very admirable little handbook, "American Grape Growing and Wine Making, by George Husmann," very ably points out the advisability of establishing grape and fruit colonies Mr. Husmann says : " Another way to make grape growing and wine making easy, is to form grape and fruit colonies. There are locations enough in all the States of the Union. where suitable lands for this purpose can be had cheap. The advantages of such colonies can easily be seen. If each one has a small piece of suitable land (and he does not need a large tract for this busi ness), they can assist each other in ploughing and sub-soiling, and will thus be able to do with fewer animals, bv pre paring the soil first for one, then for the other, the ravages of birds and insects will hardly be felt, the neighbours can join together in building a cellar, where all can store their wine, and of which one can take the management. They can market their produce easier, obtain better prices, and lower rates of transportation ;o large cities, than single individuals, and also make a better and more uniform product." With the Cincinnati Southern ready to freight away all the truck that can be sent them surely Rugby ought to compete with the Californian Markets, and it is well known that the latter yearly ship vast quantities of grapes for the eastern cities at remunerative prices. When we take into consideration the admirable climate we possess all that is needed is energy and determination to push this industry to a success, and we look forward confidently to seeing Rugby ere many years are passed one of the grape grow ing centres of the South. The letter from Mr. Morton, which appeared in our issue of the twenty third of July, is, we are glad to see, meeting with a considerable amount of criticism from all sides. Thorough ventilation of complaints of this kind, is necessary in a new Colony ; and when practical men take the matter up the public can soon form a pretty fair opinion of the "rights of the case." : We to-day publish a very interesting letter from Mr. A. J. Young, the J.P. for this district. He has been located on a Farm, situated about three miles from the present town site, for the last ten years and his opinion of the soil is therefore an exceedingly valuable one, as he has had ample opportunity for thoroughly testing its capabilities. We now lay this letter before our readers, and trust that it will be read with the attention it deserves : " South Rugby, Tenn., August 6th, 1881. Editor "Rugbeian." Dear Sir, Your issue of July 23rd contains a letter from Mr. Morton in which very grave charges are made against the Board of Aid, Mr. Hill, and others, which is tomy opinion very un just. Mr. Morton says that on coming here some time last winter he was refered Jo Mr. Hill, as a successful farmer, for information in regard to the soil of the Plateau. Mr. Hill very kindly told him his experience as a farmer on the Plateau for a period of nine years. Now Mr. Morton says he finds every statement Mr. Hill made to be untrue. But I am glad to know of many whose statements cor roborate those of Mr. Hill, when he said oats, potatoes, and corn grew abundantly, clover and grasses one to two tons to the acre. It is a well-known fact that Mr. Hill did not over-rate things when he made those statements, and as a success ful farmer for nine years he had a right to make such statements. To my certain knowledge Mr. Hill nine years ago bought an old, thrown-out waste place where scarcely anything would grow ex cept briers and sassafras bushes; and now on this same farm I have seen turnips, oats, and potatoes grow success fully, and reasonable crops of wheat and corn, and from one to two tons of hay to the acre. I have also seen here in the vicinity of Rugby from twenty to thirty bushels of corn to the acre, and from one to two two tons of hay to the acre, on land that has never had any manure what ever; and can boast that I am well prepared to prove my assertions. Now, I would like to know where Mr. Morton gets his proof in opposition to those statements seeing he has been here only a few weeks or months at most ; and at the same time being one of the most unfavourable seasons ever witnessed even by the oldest settlers of this county. Certainly, he gets no proof in this country. Then how can his readers have confidence in what he says, knowing from his state ments that he has not been here long enough to see a -whole, crop planted or harvested. ; Again, he says the Welsh, the Boston people, and the Germans have all run away that could get means. This is some thing new to me, especially on the part of the Germans. I have been acquainted with the Germans' in and round Wartburg for twenty-five years ; and my experience is that they are a well-contented, well-to-do people, having success generally, and that a smaller per cent, of the German people leave this country than any other kind of people. . They are all making plenty and; to spare. I remain, Very truly yours, .' A. J. Young" Accounts of the extreme heat of the present summer season, are pouring in from all quarters of the globe, and cer tainly Rugby is na exception to the general rule. This being the case it behoves all who are employed in out-door labour, to take special precautions in order to guard against the effects of this sudden flood of suitrihe'ssJ" 'Slieyouiig Ennshmen, who' are passing their first summer here, should be particularly cautious in this respect, for, unacclimatized as they are, it is of the very greatest importance that they should mitigate, by every means in their power, the force of the sun's rays. Particular care should be taken as to the head gear that, is worn it is perfectly absurd to go walking' about in black felt hats and cloth caps, .and such folly can only result in sun stroke, or some kindred malady. A light straw hat, with a cab bage leaf or wet rag- attached to the interior is the best covering for the head ; while puggarees may also be worn with advantage. Pith helmets also form a capital protection from the rays of the sun. . Still, it is not only necessary to keep the head protected : all exposure during the mid day heat should be avoided as much as possible. When one takes into consideration the number of cases the Doctor already has on his hands, it seems a pity that some arrangement cannot be made by which employers of labour would allow their workmen to commence work earlier ; stay later ; and thus have the middle of the day for repose. They might commence work at 4 a.m., knock off at 10 a.m., and then recommence at 3 p.m. and continue till 8 p.m. In tliis way the great noon day heat would be avoided. This plan is invariably adopted in Southern Italy, with the most satisfactory results. It would at all events be worth a trial, for, with the delightfully cool nights we have up here there is no reason why heat, during, the day, should effect the constitution unless people wilfully ex pose themselves to the heat of the sun. Young men, and particularly English men, are far too apt to be careless about their health, and quite forget what an inestimable blessing health is until they lose it. Unfortunately this is too often the the case with many other things and God's best and brightest gifts are thanklessly received as something simplv j our due and night ami morning daily pass without one thankful word, one ex pression of gratitude to the " Giver of all Good " for Jiis daily mercy and loving kindness to his creatures. Notes on the Geology'' of East Tennessee. By C. H. W1LHON, Geohyist to the Bmnl of Aid. (CONTINUED.) At the western foot of the Smoky range blue Silurian limestones are brought in by a fault, forming the floor of a chain of rich upland valleys or " coves " which have been settled many years. Outside of these rise the hard quartzite and jaspery sandstones of the Chilhowee range, corresponding in dip with the Smoky beds, and sharply breached by the river valleys in the same apparently capricious way. A portion of the yellow jaspery beds which crest the ridge have a cellular structure resembling that of the French " buhr-stone," and may prove a rival to the latter for mill-stones. In the Iron Mountains (the northern continua tion of the Chilhowee range) the quartzites on the ridge have a clear rhombohedral cleavage, indication perhaps of the presence of impregnating calcite. The range carries at least one belt of manganese (pyrolusite) of good quality, and a considerable .amount of brown hematite ; while gold has been extracted from the southern end of the mountain. . ..At-the western base of- the Chilhowee a heavy faulfbrings trf for ati6fT "dis tance Lower Carboniferous rocks, the siliceous beds with a small portion of mountain limestone. Westward sets in the true Valley of the Tennessee, repeating in successive ridges and folds the limestones, marbles, dolo mites, shales, and quartzose sandstones of the American representatives of the Silurian, with their accompanying red and brown hematites: the hard sand stones cresting the ridges, the shales and limestones lying in. the floor of the valleys : the whole fractured mass having a general dip to the S.E. of perhaps 45 degrees. The iron ores of this valley, present in the original mass on no sparing scale, are by this faulted structure presented along ridge after ridge in long outcrops ready for quarrying, and hanging in many cases above wide navigable streams, the Ten nessee and its tributaries, the Clinch and Powell's, the Holston and French Broad, the Ocoee and Hiwassee rivers the un couth nomenclature of noble streams. The main ores are the " dyestone," a fossiliferous red hematite, whose richness in iron is at present somewhat vailed by a high content of phosphorus : and massive brown hematites 'of good quality, the beds sometimes making twenty feet in thickness. There is a pure massive red hematite in some of the northern counties, but the extent of its develop ment is not known. Besides iron, the Silurian beds carry locally considerable bodies of zinc, and of pyrites more or less charged with galena. Marble of every variety and shade abounds, and has been worked of late at Knoxville, the capital of the Valley, on a large scale. ' A line of seventy miles or so from the foot of the Smoky range in a N.W. direction touches the eastern face of the Cumberland Mountains, iiere the suc ceeding minor faults which have so far been repeat ing the Silurian and in places the overlying Devonian strata are terminated by a great downthrow which brings Coal measure grits against Silurian limestone, and places out of sight a,' thickness ' of Upper Silurian, Devonian, and Lower Carboniferous measures estimated by Dr. Safford, the State Geologist, at from three to four thousand feet. These sunken beds, moreover, do not (except in one valley) seo the light again till fifty'or sixty miles further west, where they rise from beneath the western Coal measure escarpment of the Cumberland Tableland, and spread in broad undulating benches over the plains of Middle Ten nessee. - To bo continued. Just before going to press, a frantic looking individual rushed into our head clerk, and in a loud voice demanded to see the Editor in Chief. Calling for the editorial axe, we stepped to the front, and requested to know the gentleman's busi ness. In a broken voice he began a long history of his woes, and on our begging him to cut the matter as short as possible he thrust the following letter into our hands, and with many tears implored us to publish it. We have had so many let ters of the same kind lately, that we were rather loath to do so. On reflection how ever we came to the conclusion that it was our duty to publish all complaints of this kind ; and we therefore lay the fol lowing letter before our readers and hope that it will be duly criticised by 6ome other practical farmer : Haymarket Farm, August 12th, 1881. Editor "Ituaiuci an." Dear Sir, So many complaints have boon made as to what tho Board have and havo a contradictory frame of mind that even tho insects tell us nightly that Katy did and Katy didn't that as ii stake holder, 1 mean a property holder, I feel that in justice to my self nnd fellow-countrymen abroad who intend to invest (I use this sentence presuming you keep it set up), I must give you a few facts with-holding nothing but tho truth. Having given up the idea of entering tho Army, owing to a mistake between myself and my examiners,: I then served for over eleven years in one one of the largest bauking houses in London. Well fitted for managing a farm from tho experience I gathered in Camden Town watering window plants, Ij came '.to Bughy, and being advised by the Board to " hold on for a year or two " I purchased at once. Setting to work with truo Bull-dog obstinacy I thoroughly manured the dark brown soil, prior to clearing, with several loads of broken bottles from (Jlen Mary,' with a top dressing of empty tin cans, crossod-ploughod with a harrow. Seo Killobrcw, page 90-95. Pro curing from tho Smithsonian Institute at Washington a collecion of seeds embracing corn, millet, starch, melons, strawberries, and other winter fodder, I planted some eight acres when I was iuformcd by Mr. Amos Hill that it was not customary to plant in this country before the la d and title were both cleared. I then took tho advice of tho Board, and sat down and waited. I am still at it and hoping liko Micawber that some thing will turn up. And now Mr. Hastings' Hughes, in tho name of the Board, has not only refused to repurchase my land, but jositivcly declines to take half share of my crops .in payment for my original purchase It is true tl.at tho pain hlet does not oiler these terms to settlers, but I consider the Board responsible for not having properly instructed me in agricultural lore and now that 1 have failed they not only decline to keep me at the Hotel gratis, but won't pay my passage money home and I am compelled to send my dress coat, hunting outfit and works on " Farming in Sweden," to the Auction Kootus of Messrs Armstrong and i Nairn. I presume this letter will le torn to